EP0491587B1 - Hollow charge - Google Patents

Hollow charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0491587B1
EP0491587B1 EP91403189A EP91403189A EP0491587B1 EP 0491587 B1 EP0491587 B1 EP 0491587B1 EP 91403189 A EP91403189 A EP 91403189A EP 91403189 A EP91403189 A EP 91403189A EP 0491587 B1 EP0491587 B1 EP 0491587B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
charge
projectile
hollow
hollow charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91403189A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0491587A1 (en
Inventor
René Deguin
Hervé Mizzi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0491587A1 publication Critical patent/EP0491587A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0491587B1 publication Critical patent/EP0491587B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/036—Manufacturing processes therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shaped charge.
  • the shaped charges consist essentially of a volume of normally cylindrical explosive, surrounded over its entire surface by an enclosure except at one end where the explosive ends in a face having a conical imprint. This face is coated with a metal layer in the form of a conical envelope which constitutes a projectile. When ignited, the envelope undergoes significant centripetal forces which deform it by gradually bringing its material back in the direction of projection, which corresponds to the axis of the hollow charge. The projectile finally becomes a jet of thin and elongated material very effective for piercing armor.
  • a serious problem is linked to the differences in expansion coefficients between the charge, the projectile and the enclosure. During heating or cooling, one obtains either clearances which can cause a malfunction of the charge with the explosion, or stresses in the explosive which can damage it. The shocks to which the enclosure may be subjected are also fully reflected in the explosive.
  • EP-A-0 378 749 and DE-A-2 046 372 describe two hollow charges thus formed and this has as its object an assembly intended to lessen the effects of thermal deformations.
  • US-A-2,936,708 describes a network of small hollow charges retained in plastic sockets linked together.
  • US-A-2,543,057 discloses an explosive charge in a flexible flange surrounded a double rubber sheath.
  • DE-A-3 441 693 describes as DE-A-2 046 372 a hollow charge assembly where the projectile is constrained by a spring or the like in an axial direction against the load.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks by introducing compressible elements between the constituents of the shaped charge where the problems mentioned above may appear.
  • the invention consists in interposing a layer of compressible material between the load and the enclosure, in a substantially circumferential volume.
  • An improvement consists in inserting a spring between a support flange disposed on the edge of the projectile and a circular stop belonging to the enclosure, in order to obtain an elastic axial mounting between the projectile, the charge and the enclosure.
  • the compressible material is advantageously a thin layer injectable material such as a cold crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer in which hollow microspheres of copolymer of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile are dispersed, a body whose structure and manufacturing process have been described in French patent application number 90 10256. If such injectable materials are used, it is advantageous to provide injection holes as well as air vent pipes opposite to these at a suitable location in the hollow charge. holes.
  • Sealing can be completed by circular joints between the projectile and the enclosure or between removable parts constituting the enclosure.
  • the hollow charge comprises an explosive charge 1 of essentially cylindrical shape with the exception of its front face, which is hollowed out according to a conical imprint 2 the apex of which belongs to the axis 3 of the explosive charge 1.
  • This front face is covered with '' a projectile 4 in the form of a metallic coating in the form of a conical envelope supported by its convex face on the explosive charge 1.
  • An enclosure surrounds the explosive charge 1; it consists of a cylindrical envelope 5 surrounding the lateral surface of the explosive charge 1 and a base 6 in contact with the rear face, opposite the projectile 4, of the explosive charge 1.
  • a cover 7 is fixed to the rear of the cylindrical casing 5 by means not shown, for example by welding, and makes it possible to maintain the base 6 against the explosive charge 1.
  • a clearance exists between the cylindrical casing 5 and the explosive charge 1.
  • the cylindrical casing 5 projects towards the front of the projectile 4 and its internal face carries a circular stop 8.
  • the projectile 4 has meanwhile, on the edge which corresponds to the open end of the cone, a circular support flange 9 which extends in front of the stop 8.
  • An elastic Belleville washer 10 is compressed between the stop 8 and the support flange 9 and pushes the projectile 4 backwards.
  • Injection holes 11 are formed through the projectile 4 at this location. It is possible to have several holes on the same circumference. They make it possible to inject a compressible material so as to fill the clearance between the cylindrical envelope 5 on the one hand, the explosive charge 1 and the projectile 4 on the other hand.
  • the base 6 is already installed when this operation takes place, and care is taken to insert two circular joints 12 and 13 respectively shown in Figures 2 and 3) at the front and rear ends of the shaped charge, between the cylindrical envelope 5 on the one hand, and respectively the support flange 9 and the base 7 on the other hand.
  • venting duct 14 shown in FIG. 3, consists of an angled hole made between the lateral and rear faces of the base 6.
  • a compressible material has the property of being crushed or, on the contrary, of expanding, depending on the thermal expansion and contraction produced on the constituents of the hollow charge in order to keep the internal stresses at a very low level. Its elasticity allows it to return to its original shape as soon as the temperature change stops. No game that could affect the violence of the projection therefore appears, which promises a good quality explosion. Impacts on the enclosure are also absorbed by the compressible material and the spring. Such behavior differs entirely from that of the adhesive layers which already exist in the same place in certain hollow charges to bond the explosive charge 1 to the enclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Description

L'invention se rapporte à une charge creuse.The invention relates to a shaped charge.

Les charges creuses se composent pour l'essentiel d'un volume d'explosif de forme normalement cylindrique, entouré sur toute sa surface par une enceinte sauf à une extrémité où l'explosif se termine par une face présentant une empreinte conique. Cette face est revêtue d'une couche métallique en forme d'enveloppe conique qui constitue un projectile. A la mise à feu, l'enveloppe subit des forces centripètes importantes qui la déforment en ramenant progressivement sa matière dans la direction de projection, qui correspond à l'axe de la charge creuse. Le projectile devient finalement un jet de matière mince et longiligne très efficace pour percer des blindages.The shaped charges consist essentially of a volume of normally cylindrical explosive, surrounded over its entire surface by an enclosure except at one end where the explosive ends in a face having a conical imprint. This face is coated with a metal layer in the form of a conical envelope which constitutes a projectile. When ignited, the envelope undergoes significant centripetal forces which deform it by gradually bringing its material back in the direction of projection, which corresponds to the axis of the hollow charge. The projectile finally becomes a jet of thin and elongated material very effective for piercing armor.

Un sérieux problème est lié aux différences de coefficients de dilatation entre la charge, le projectile et l'enceinte. Aux échauffements ou aux refroidissements, on obtient soit des jeux qui peuvent causer un mauvais fonctionnement de la charge à l'explosion, soit des contraintes dans l'explosif qui peuvent l'endommager. Les chocs auxquels l'enceinte peut être soumise sont en outre intégralement répercutés dans l'explosif.A serious problem is linked to the differences in expansion coefficients between the charge, the projectile and the enclosure. During heating or cooling, one obtains either clearances which can cause a malfunction of the charge with the explosion, or stresses in the explosive which can damage it. The shocks to which the enclosure may be subjected are also fully reflected in the explosive.

EP-A-0 378 749 et DE-A-2 046 372 décrivent deux charges creuses ainsi constituées et celui-ci a pour objet un montage destiné à amoindrir les effets des déformations thermiques. US-A-2 936 708 décrit un réseau de petites charges creuses retenues dans des douilles de plastique liées entre elles. US-A-2 543 057 décrit une charge explosive en boudin souple entouré d'une double gaine de caoutchouc. Et DE-A-3 441 693 décrit comme DE-A-2 046 372 un montage de charge creuse où le projectile est contraint par un ressort ou un organe analogue en direction axiale contre la charge.EP-A-0 378 749 and DE-A-2 046 372 describe two hollow charges thus formed and this has as its object an assembly intended to lessen the effects of thermal deformations. US-A-2,936,708 describes a network of small hollow charges retained in plastic sockets linked together. US-A-2,543,057 discloses an explosive charge in a flexible flange surrounded a double rubber sheath. And DE-A-3 441 693 describes as DE-A-2 046 372 a hollow charge assembly where the projectile is constrained by a spring or the like in an axial direction against the load.

L'objet de l'invention est de supprimer ces inconvénients en introduisant des éléments compressibles entre les constituants de la charge creuse là où les problèmes mentionnés plus haut peuvent apparaître.The object of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks by introducing compressible elements between the constituents of the shaped charge where the problems mentioned above may appear.

Sous sa forme la plus générale, l'invention consiste à intercaler une couche de matériau compressible entre la charge et l'enceinte, dans un volume sensiblement circonférentiel.In its most general form, the invention consists in interposing a layer of compressible material between the load and the enclosure, in a substantially circumferential volume.

Une amélioration consiste à intercaler un ressort entre une collerette d'appui disposée sur le bord du projectile et une butée circulaire appartenant à l'enceinte, pour obtenir un montage axial élastique entre le projectile, la charge et l'enceinte.An improvement consists in inserting a spring between a support flange disposed on the edge of the projectile and a circular stop belonging to the enclosure, in order to obtain an elastic axial mounting between the projectile, the charge and the enclosure.

Le matériau compressible est avantageusement un matériau injectable en couche mince tel qu'un élastomère de polysiloxane réticulé à froid dans lequel sont dispersées des microsphères creuses en copolymère de chlorure de vinylidène et d'acrylonitrile, corps dont la structure et le procédé de fabrication ont été décrits dans la demande de brevet français numéro 90 10256. Si on utilise de tels matériaux injectables, il est avantageux de prévoir à un endroit approprié de la charge creuse des perçages d'injection ainsi que des conduits d'éventement d'air opposées à ces perçages.The compressible material is advantageously a thin layer injectable material such as a cold crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer in which hollow microspheres of copolymer of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile are dispersed, a body whose structure and manufacturing process have been described in French patent application number 90 10256. If such injectable materials are used, it is advantageous to provide injection holes as well as air vent pipes opposite to these at a suitable location in the hollow charge. holes.

L'étanchéité peut être complétée par des joints circulaires entre le projectile et l'enceinte ou entre des parties démontables constituant l'enceinte.Sealing can be completed by circular joints between the projectile and the enclosure or between removable parts constituting the enclosure.

L'invention va maitenant être décrite plus en détail à l'aide des figures suivantes annexées à titre illustratif et non limitatif :

  • la figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble de la charge creuse ; et
  • les figures 2 et 3 sont deux agrandissements de parties opposées de la charge.
The invention will now be described in more detail with the aid of the following figures, which are given by way of illustration and not limitation:
  • Figure 1 is an overview of the shaped charge; and
  • Figures 2 and 3 are two enlargements of opposite parts of the load.

La charge creuse comprend une charge explosive 1 de forme essentiellement cylindrique à l'exception de sa face avant, qui est creusée selon une empreinte conique 2 dont le sommet appartient à l'axe 3 de la charge explosive 1. Cette face avant est recouverte d'un projectile 4 sous forme d'un revêtement métallique en forme d'enveloppe conique appuyé par sa face convexe sur la charge explosive 1. Une enceinte entoure la charge explosive 1 ; elle se compose d'une enveloppe cylindrique 5 entourant la surface latérale de la charge explosive 1 et d'un culot 6 en contact avec la face arrière, opposée au projectile 4, de la charge explosive 1. Un couvercle 7 est fixé à l'arrière de l'enveloppe cylindrique 5 par des moyens non représentés, par exemple par un soudage, et permet de maintenir le culot 6 contre la charge explosive 1. Par contre, un jeu existe entre l'enveloppe cylindrique 5 et la charge explosive 1.The hollow charge comprises an explosive charge 1 of essentially cylindrical shape with the exception of its front face, which is hollowed out according to a conical imprint 2 the apex of which belongs to the axis 3 of the explosive charge 1. This front face is covered with '' a projectile 4 in the form of a metallic coating in the form of a conical envelope supported by its convex face on the explosive charge 1. An enclosure surrounds the explosive charge 1; it consists of a cylindrical envelope 5 surrounding the lateral surface of the explosive charge 1 and a base 6 in contact with the rear face, opposite the projectile 4, of the explosive charge 1. A cover 7 is fixed to the rear of the cylindrical casing 5 by means not shown, for example by welding, and makes it possible to maintain the base 6 against the explosive charge 1. On the other hand, a clearance exists between the cylindrical casing 5 and the explosive charge 1.

L'enveloppe cylindrique 5 dépasse vers l'avant du projectile 4 et sa face interne porte une butée 8 circulaire. Le projectile 4 comporte quant à lui, sur le bord qui correspond à l'extrémité épanouie du cône, une collerette d'appui 9 circulaire qui s'étend en face de la butée 8. Une rondelle Belleville 10 élastique est comprimée entre la butée 8 et la collerette d'appui 9 et repousse le projectile 4 vers l'arrière.The cylindrical casing 5 projects towards the front of the projectile 4 and its internal face carries a circular stop 8. The projectile 4 has meanwhile, on the edge which corresponds to the open end of the cone, a circular support flange 9 which extends in front of the stop 8. An elastic Belleville washer 10 is compressed between the stop 8 and the support flange 9 and pushes the projectile 4 backwards.

Un jeu existe entre la charge explosive 1 et la collerette d'appui 9. Des perçages d'injection 11 sont ménagés à travers le projectile 4 à cet endroit. On peut disposer de plusieurs perçages sur une même circonférence. Ils permettent d'injecter un matériau compressible de manière à remplir le jeu entre l'enveloppe cylindrique 5 d'une part, la charge explosive 1 et le projectile 4 d'autre part. Le culot 6 est déjà installé quand cette opération a lieu, et on prend la précaution d'insérer deux joints circulaires 12 et 13 respectivement représentés sur les figures 2 et 3) aux extrémités avant et arrière de la charge creuse, entre l'enveloppe cylindrique 5 d'une part, et respectivement la collerette d'appui 9 et le culot 7 d'autre part. On obtient alors un volume parfaitement étanche à l'exception des perçages d'injection 11, mais il faut compléter le dispositif par des conduits d'éventement 14 qui permettent à l'air emprisonné d'être chassé. Un conduit d'éventement 14 envisageable, représenté figure 3, consiste en un perçage coudé réalisé entre les faces latérale et arrière du culot 6. Quand l'injection est terminée, le couvercle 7 peut être mis en place, et le perçage d'injection 11 est bouché.A clearance exists between the explosive charge 1 and the support flange 9. Injection holes 11 are formed through the projectile 4 at this location. It is possible to have several holes on the same circumference. They make it possible to inject a compressible material so as to fill the clearance between the cylindrical envelope 5 on the one hand, the explosive charge 1 and the projectile 4 on the other hand. The base 6 is already installed when this operation takes place, and care is taken to insert two circular joints 12 and 13 respectively shown in Figures 2 and 3) at the front and rear ends of the shaped charge, between the cylindrical envelope 5 on the one hand, and respectively the support flange 9 and the base 7 on the other hand. We then obtain a perfectly sealed volume with the exception of the injection holes 11, but it is necessary to complete the device with venting ducts 14 which allow the trapped air to be expelled. A possible venting duct 14, shown in FIG. 3, consists of an angled hole made between the lateral and rear faces of the base 6. When the injection is complete, the cover 7 can be put in place, and the injection hole It is blocked.

Un matériau compressible présente la propriété de s'écraser ou au contraire de se dilater suivant les dilatations et les contractions d'origine thermique produites sur les constituants de la charge creuse pour maintenir les contraintes internes à un très bas niveau. Son élasticité lui permet de reprendre sa forme initiale dès que le changement de température cesse. Aucun jeu pouvant affecter la violence de la projection n'apparaît donc, ce qui promet une explosion de bonne qualité. Les chocs sur l'enceinte sont par ailleurs amortis par le matériau compressible et le ressort. Un tel comportement diffère entièrement de celui des couches de colle qui existent déjà au même endroit dans certaines charges creuses pour lier la charge explosive 1 à l'enceinte.A compressible material has the property of being crushed or, on the contrary, of expanding, depending on the thermal expansion and contraction produced on the constituents of the hollow charge in order to keep the internal stresses at a very low level. Its elasticity allows it to return to its original shape as soon as the temperature change stops. No game that could affect the violence of the projection therefore appears, which promises a good quality explosion. Impacts on the enclosure are also absorbed by the compressible material and the spring. Such behavior differs entirely from that of the adhesive layers which already exist in the same place in certain hollow charges to bond the explosive charge 1 to the enclosure.

Claims (6)

  1. Hollow charge comprising a conical projectile (4), an explosive charge (1) on the convex side of the projectile, an enclosure (5, 6) surrounding the charge (1), characterized in that it comprises a layer of compressible material (15) interposed between the charge (1) and the enclosure (5).
  2. Hollow charge according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a spring (10) between a bearing collar (9) on the edge of the projectile (4) and a circular abutment (8) on the enclosure (5).
  3. Hollow charge according to Claim 2, characterized in that the spring (10) is a Belleville washer.
  4. Hollow charge according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises bores (11) for injecting the compressible material and air venting ducts (14) opposite the bores (11).
  5. Hollow charge according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises circular seals (12, 13) between the projectile (4) and the enclosure (5) or between parts (5, 6) which can be dismantled, constituting the enclosure.
  6. Hollow charge according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the compressible material is a cooled-crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer in which hollow microspheres made of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile copolymer are dispersed.
EP91403189A 1990-11-28 1991-11-26 Hollow charge Expired - Lifetime EP0491587B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9014873 1990-11-28
FR9014873A FR2669721B1 (en) 1990-11-28 1990-11-28 HOLLOW LOAD.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0491587A1 EP0491587A1 (en) 1992-06-24
EP0491587B1 true EP0491587B1 (en) 1995-06-21

Family

ID=9402681

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91403189A Expired - Lifetime EP0491587B1 (en) 1990-11-28 1991-11-26 Hollow charge

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0491587B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69110634T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2669721B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10221759B4 (en) * 2002-05-16 2005-03-31 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg warhead
FR2839777B1 (en) 2002-05-16 2004-07-02 Giat Ind Sa SHAPED LOAD AND METHOD FOR MOUNTING SUCH FORMED LOAD
SE0300834L (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-07-20 Saab Ab Effect part
DE102004017673B4 (en) * 2004-04-10 2013-12-05 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Device for filling a mold with pourable plastic-bonded explosive
WO2009025573A1 (en) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-26 Germanov, Evgeny Pavlovich Hollow charge
FR3068456B1 (en) 2017-06-28 2019-07-19 Nexter Munitions SHAPED LOAD

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2543057A (en) * 1946-04-30 1951-02-27 Louis F Porter Elongated flexible tubular explosive
US2936708A (en) * 1957-02-21 1960-05-17 Randel Tool Company Inc Detonative element of apparatus for sinking wells by means of explosive charges
DE2046372C3 (en) * 1970-09-19 1978-11-23 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Shaped charge
DE2746666C3 (en) * 1977-10-18 1981-07-02 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Rotationally symmetric shaped charge
DE3901474A1 (en) * 1989-01-19 1990-07-26 Rheinmetall Gmbh DEVICE FOR FASTENING THE INSERT OF HOLLOW LOADS OR PROJECT-FORMING LOADS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2669721A1 (en) 1992-05-29
FR2669721B1 (en) 1993-01-08
EP0491587A1 (en) 1992-06-24
DE69110634T2 (en) 1996-02-08
DE69110634D1 (en) 1995-07-27

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