Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
  • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/20—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of methane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• Ammonia can be oxidized chemically and biologically to nitrous acid and nitric acid, which may cause acid rain.
• Hydrogen sulphide is a gas badly smelling after addled eggs and it can be very toxic in high concentration. This substance may also be exposed to oxidation in creating sulphurous acid and sulphuric acid, which are also components of acid rain.
• Methane may also cause harm to the ozone layer. Therefore, it is of vital importance to the environment that these gases, which are harmful to the environment, flow as little as possible freely into the atmosphere at farms.
• the invention relates to a process for processing each material, from which methane and other chemicals being harm ⁇ ful to the environment may escape, wherein this material is heated, the escaping gases are subjected to a washing treatment with water or a circulating solution of a chemical washed out of the gas, the methane in the gases escaping from the washing device is burned, and the developed heat is at least partly used for heating the starting material.
• a surplus of the heat developed during burning may be used for different heating purposes, e.g. central heating.
• the process according to the invention can be used successfully in processing manure and/or feces.
• this process at the farm, one could, if desired, simultaneously withdraw stable air from the stable in which the cattle stay and wash this stable air in counterflow, either or not in the same washing device.
• water being as cold as possible is preferred for the washing, for instance water under 12° C
• ammonia and hydrogen sulphide are as much as possible removed from the gases washed in counterflow, since, owing to the low temperature of the water, a large part of the water vapour in the flow of gas, condenses so that this water of condensation dissolves a lot of ammonia also.
• beds of conventional packing units like saddle-shaped units are applied, which improve the contact between the upwards streaming gases and the downwards flowing water as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommandable to guide the gases in counterflow to the water sprayed thereon, upwards through a condensation tower provided with packing units having decreasing sizes in upward direction.
• the ammonia solution collecting at the bottom of the condensation tower also contains hydrogen sulphide, which is washed out from the gas stream and said hydrogen sulphide may be converted into iron sulphide by passing the solution through iron hydroxide sludge.
• the iron sulphide formed may be sold to blast-furnaces in order to recover iron from it.
• the ammonia may be collected in the water above the layer of sludge as a ammonium hydroxide solution.
• the ammonia content of the solution may be increased to even 50%. Subsequently, the solution in the tank may be replaced by clean water.
• the manure thus treated at the farm does nearly not contain any ammonia and hydrogen sulphide, the manure may subsequently be spread over land in the usual way without, by doing so, a large quantity of chemicals being harmful to the environment flows into the free atmosphere.
• the surplus of the manure heated and thickened with the process of the invention can be burned in a combustion over.
• the methane gas from which the NH 3 and H 2 S are removed can also be burned in the same oven.
• sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides being harmful to the environment, are formed. That is why the gases thus coming from the combustion oven are passed via a heat exchanger through a bed of calcium oxide-
• the CaO which reacts with the sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides in the combustion gases is con ⁇ verted into calcium sulphate and calcium nitrate.
• the invention also relates to plants, which for instance can be sold to farms and which comprise a counterflow washing device with an exhaust at the top for the gases washed which contain methane, said exhaust being connected to a combustion device for burning the methane, which device has an exhaust for the combustion gases being connected to heating tubes which are present in a storage space for the starting material.
• the plant may also be situated on board of a ship in which manure of sludge is collected and transported.
• the space of a stable is also connected to the gas supply at the bottom of the washing device, because of which the ammonia and the hydrogen sulphide, being present in the exhausted stable air and which would otherwise find their way in the free atmosphere, are recovered therefrom.
• ammonia solution produced at a farm with the process and device according to the invention can also be transported to central places, where a concentrated ammonia solution in pure water may be prepared from it, which solution subsequently may be transported to places in need of a concen- trated ammonia solution.
• the invention also relates to a plant as referred to above, which also comprises a storage silo for the manure and/or feces treated according to the process of the invention, from which silo said material can be supplied to the combustion device by means of a supply device, a heat exchanger connected to the exhaust of the combustion gases of said device, and a container with a bed of calcium oxide connected to the heat exchanger for the sulphur-and nitrogen oxides from the combustion gases.
• heating tubes 2 are provided in the manure storage reservoir 1 (a manure pit or silo).
• the gases above the manure pit are exhausted by the pump 3 and they are guided at the bottom into the washing device 4.
• This device contains layers of packing units of decreasing size in upward direction- Above these layers a horizontal pipe 5 provided with openings 6 is situated.
• the pump 16 supplies water to this pipe, said water having a temperature of e.g. max. 10° C.
• the washing device 4 is provided with an overflow pipe at the bottom, through which the water solution which is collected at the bottom of the washing device 4 and which contains ammonia and hydrogen sulphide, is passed at the bottom into a bed 8 of iron hydroxide sludge. There, the hydrogen sulphide is converted into iron sulphide. Above this bed the ammonia solution is discharged to a storage.
• the gases from which ammonia and hydrogen sulphide are largely removed, but which contain a considerable amount of methane gas are passed into the combustion device 9 in which the methane is burned, when the oven is started or extinguishes, the gas burner 10 can be used to increase the temperature to such a temperature that the methane in the gases, passed through the oven ignites and burns with the oxygen in said gases.
• the combustion gases are at least partly used to heat the manure in the pit 1 , before being discharged into the free atmosphere. For this purpose, they are passed through pipe 20 to the heating tubes 2 of the reservoir 1.
• the C0 2 present in said gases can be bound by passing the gas stream through a calcium hydroxide solution.
• stable air is also exhausted by the pipe 12, which air subsequently is passed into the washing device 4 together with the gases that are exhausted from the manure pit.
• This stable air is exhausted from the stable by means of the adjustable fan 13 through a pipe 15, which is arranged in the stable and is provided with adjustable suction valves over its full length.
• FIG. 2 relates to a version of the above-described device, in which the stable air, exhausted through the pipe 12 and seperated from the gases which are withdrawn from the manure storage reservoir, is passed to a second washing device 4a.
• the gases moving upwards are washed with a circulating ammonia solution, which, from the tank 11 placed in the ground and in which a bed of iron hydroxide sludge is present, is pumped away by the pumps 16.
• the bed 8 is cooled by ground water or tap water, which is pumped through the pipes 29.
• tubes 27 are provided, through which water can be passed, in order to utilize an excess of produced heat for other purposes than the heating of the starting material, for instance for central heating inside the farm.
• the one way valves 39a and 33a are provided with baffling gauze to prevent the flame from flashing back from the combustion oven.
• the branch 25A in figure 2 illustrates that a part of the gas washed, and discharged through the pipe 25, can be passed to a gas generator, if desired.
• a control valve 28 is provided, which is adjusted to the demand of heat in the reservoir 1.
• the composition of the gas mixture in the combustion chamber 9 can be influenced by means of a control valve 30.
• Figure 3 relates to a further development of the apparatus of figures 1 and 2, which enables the burning of a surplus of manure in the combustion oven 9.
• This manure treated according to the process of the invention in the manure pit 1 (figures 1 and 2) has a moisture content of about 30 percentage by weight.
• the manure pit 1 two layers are formed and after drawing out the methane and other gases by means of heating, the upper layer has a solid content of about 70 percentage by weight.
• the major part of the phosphate in the manure pit will end in these upper layers.
• the lower more liquid layer contains much less phosphate and is eventually discharged after it has been dephosphated.
• the upper layer which contains much more phosphate
• the container 21 From this container said dry manure is passed into the combustion oven 9 via the conveyor 22.
• the mineral residue of the manure falls down as ashes through a grate 22 in the bottom of the oven.
• These ashes consist of phosphate and silicates.
• Sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides are also produced by burning the manure in the combustion oven 9. To prevent these oxides from flowing into the free atmoshpere, what would be very harmful to the environment, the hot combustion gases containing the sulphur- and nitrogen oxides are passed through a bed 17 of calcium oxide.
• This calcium oxide converts the sulphur- and nitrogen oxides into calcium phosphate and calcium nitrate.
• a heat recuperator 18 and a dust filter 19 are arranged between the combustion oven 9 and the bed 17 of calcium oxide. In the heat exchanger circulating water is heated and the combustion gases from the oven 9 are cooled. In the dust filter 19 beneath the calcium oxide bed, dust is removed from the combustion gas before this gas is passed through the bed 19 of calcium oxide.
• the calcium oxide of the bed 19 may, if desired, be produced by calcinating lime stone (CaC0 3 ). In that case, e.g. calcite grains (CaC03 containing only 0.5% water) originating from water softening plants can be brought into the oven 9 together with the manure to be burned.
• the CaO formed is collected together with the mineral components of the manure in the bottom of the oven-
• the mixture of CaO, phosphate and silicates can be used in the bed 19 for binding the sulphur- and nitrogen oxides in the combustion gases. This results in a conversion of CaO into calcium phosphate and calcium nitrate.
• the mixture of phosphate, sulphate and nitrate and calcium product may be utilized as fertilizer.
• the water heated in the heat exchanger is passed through the pipe line 20 into the heating tubes in the silo 1 (see figures 1 and 2) to heat the manure therein, and, may, in addition, e.g. be used in a central heating device 30 or for the heating of a boiler 31.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1989
  • 1989-08-15 NL NL8902068A patent/NL8902068A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1990
  • 1990-08-14 DD DD90343448A patent/DD298068A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-08-15 CN CN90107583A patent/CN1050826A/zh active Pending
  • 1990-08-15 EP EP19900912224 patent/EP0487574A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-08-15 WO PCT/NL1990/000116 patent/WO1991002582A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-08-15 AU AU61624/90A patent/AU6162490A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-08-15 JP JP2511502A patent/JPH04507217A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-08-15 CA CA 2064698 patent/CA2064698A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-08-15 KR KR1019920700324A patent/KR920703183A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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