EP0487157B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Synthesegas durch partielle Oxidation von feinen Kohlenstoffteilchen enthaltendem Brennstoff - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Synthesegas durch partielle Oxidation von feinen Kohlenstoffteilchen enthaltendem Brennstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0487157B1
EP0487157B1 EP19910202992 EP91202992A EP0487157B1 EP 0487157 B1 EP0487157 B1 EP 0487157B1 EP 19910202992 EP19910202992 EP 19910202992 EP 91202992 A EP91202992 A EP 91202992A EP 0487157 B1 EP0487157 B1 EP 0487157B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
gas
radiation
restriction
velocity
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19910202992
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0487157A1 (de
Inventor
Maarten Johannes Van Der Burgt
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel.
  • Finely divided solid carbon-containing fuels are applied in processes for the preparation of synthesis gas by the partial combustion of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel with an oxygen-containing gas in a reactor wherein liquid slag formed during the partial combustion process is removed through an outlet in the bottom of the reactor and passed by gravity through a slag discharge means into a water bath or slag quenching vessel where it is solidified by quenching.
  • finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel is generally meant coal or another solid fuel, such as brown coal, peat, wood, coke, soot etc., but mixtures of liquid or gas and particulate solid fuels, are also possible.
  • a moderator is also introduced into the reactor.
  • the object of the moderator is to exercise a moderating effect on the temperature on the reactor. This is ensured by endothermic reaction between the moderator and the reactants and/or products of the synthesis gas preparation.
  • Suitable moderators are steam and carbon dioxide.
  • the gasification is advantageously carried out at a temperature in the range from 1200 to 1700 °C and at a pressure in the range from 1 to 200 bar.
  • the reactor in which the preparation of synthesis gas takes place may have any suitable shape.
  • the supply of finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel and oxygen-containing gas to the reactor can take place in any manner suitable for the purpose and will not be described in detail.
  • Liquid slag formed in the partial combustion reaction drops down and is drained through the outlet located in the reactor bottom.
  • the fuel is fed from a supply device to a gasifier by means of a suitable carrier fluid.
  • the hot product gas usually contains sticky particles which lose their stickiness upon cooling.
  • the sticky particles in the hot product gas will cause problems in the plant where the product gas is further processed, since undesirable deposits of the particles on, for example, walls, valves or outlets will adversely affect the process. Moreover, such deposits are very hard to remove.
  • the sticky particles may be partly or completely in the molten state; they may comprise metals, salts or ashes, and, in general, these particles lose their stickiness at a temperature below about 800 °C.
  • the hot product gas is quenched in a quench section which is located above the product outlet on top of the reactor.
  • a suitable quench medium such as for example water or a gas is introduced into the product gas in order to cool the product gas.
  • DE-A-3 824 233 Another possibility which is described in DE-A-3 824 233 is not to apply a quench section, but to locate a radiation or convection cooler above or next to the reactor.
  • the invention therefore provides a process for preparing synthesis gas comprising the steps of partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel with an oxygen-containing gas in an upflow reactor, cooling the gases leaving the reactor at its top in a radiation or convection cooler located above the reactor, characterized in that a restriction or neck has been provided between the reactor outlet and the inlet of the radiation cooler; and wherein the gas velocity in the restriction is at least 2 and maximum 30 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
  • the invention further provides an apparatus for carrying out the above partial oxidation process, said apparatus comprising an upflow reactor vessel having an outlet for the product gas at its top, a slag outlet at its bottom, one or more burners in its side wall, wherein a radiation or convection cooler is located above the reactor, characterized in that a restriction or neck has been provided between the outlet of the reactor and the inlet of the radiation cooler, and wherein the gas velocity in the restriction is at least 2 and maximum 30 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
  • the gas velocity in the restriction is 3-15 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
  • the superficial velocity is defined as the net gas flow in cubic metres per second at the prevailing pressure and temperature divided by the cross-section of the reactor.
  • the superficial velocity can be calculated in any way suitable for the purpose by those skilled in the art taking into account recirculations in the reactor.
  • the reactor vessel 1 is provided with a slag outlet 2 at its bottom, a plurality of burners 3, a gas outlet 4 at its top and a radiation cooler or convection cooler 5 comprising an inlet 5a above the reactor outlet 4.
  • the burners 3 are located on the same horizontal level at circumferential spaced points.
  • the gases leaving the reactor are cooled in the radiation or convection cooler located above the reactor.
  • the radiation cooler can be provided with a finned cooled section perpendicular to the wall of the radiation cooler.
  • a restriction or neck 6 is provided between the upflow entrained reactor 1 and the radiation cooler 5 in order to prevent the cooled gases to flow backwards, or downwards into the reactor.
  • the gas velocity in the restriction is at least 2 and maximum 30 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
  • the diameters A and C of the reactor and the radiation cooler are 2-3 metres, advantageously 2.5 metres and the diameter B of the restriction is 0.8-1.2 metre, advantageously 1 metre, whereas the superficial velocity D in the reactor is 0.8-1.2 m/s, advantageously about 1 m/s, the superficial velocity in the restriction is 3-15 m/s, advantageously about 6.25 m/s and the height H of the reactor is 5-10 metres, advantageously 7 metres.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegas, umfassend die Maßnahmen der Teiloxidation eines feinverteilten festen kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffes mit einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas in einem Vergasungsreaktor mit nach oben gerichteter Strömung, des Abkühlens des den besagten Reaktor am Kopfende verlassenden Produktgases in einem Radiator- oder Konvektionskühler, der sich direkt oberhalb des besagten Reaktors befindet, bis auf eine Temperatur, bei welcher die im besagten Produktgas vorhandenen klebrigen Teilchen ihre Klebrigkeit verlieren, und wobei aber keine Abschreckbehandlung durchgeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Reaktorauslaß und dem Einlaß des Radiator- oder Konvektionskühlers eine Verengung oder ein Hals vorgesehen ist, um ein Rückströmen oder Nach-untenStrömen des in dem Radiator- oder Konvektionskühler gekühlten Produktgases in den Reaktor zu unterbinden, und wobei die Gasgeschwindigkeit an der Verengungsstelle mindestens um das 2-fache und maximal um das 30-fache höher liegt als die nach oben gerichtete Oberflächengeschwindigkeit im Reaktor.
  2. Das Verfahren, wie in Anspruch 1 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gasgeschwindigkeit in der Verengungsstelle um das 3-15-fache größer ist als die nach oben gerichtete Oberflächengeschwindigkeit der Gase im Reaktor.
  3. Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Teiloxidationsverfahrens, wie in den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2 beansprucht, umfassend einen Reaktionskessel mit nach oben gerichteter Strömung, der an seinem Kopfende einen Gasauslaß, an seinem Boden einen Schlackeauslaß, an der Seitenwand eine Mehrzahl von Brennern aufweist, wobei ein Radiator- oder Konvektionskühler direkt oberhalb des besagten Reaktors angeordnet ist, um die Produktgase auf eine Temperatur abzukühlen, bei welcher die im besagten Produktgas vorhandenen klebrigen Teilchen ihre Klebrigkeit verlieren, wobei aber kein Abschreckabschnitt vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Reaktorauslaß an dem Einlaß des Radiator- oder Konvektionskühlers eine Verengung oder ein Hals angeordnet ist, um ein Rückströmen oder Nach-untenströmen des Produktgases nach dem Kühlen im besagten Radiator- oder Konvektionskühler in dem besagten Reaktor zu verhindern, und wobei die Gasgeschwindigkeit an der Verengungsstelle mindestens um das 2-fache und maximal um das 30-fache höher liegt als die nach oben gerichtete Oberflächengeschwindigkeit der Gase im Reaktor.
  4. Eine Vorrichtung, wie in Anspruch 3 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Radialkühler mit einem Radiatorabschnitt versehen ist, der einen mit Rippen versehenen Kühlabschnitt senkrecht zur Wand aufweist.
  5. Eine Vorrichtung, wie in den Ansprüchen 3 oder 4 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächengeschwindigkeit an der Verengungsstelle 3-15 m/s, vorteilhafterweise etwa 6,25 m/s, beträgt.
  6. Die Vorrichtung, wie in irgendeinem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächengeschwindigkeit im Reaktor zwischen 0,8 und 1,2 m/s, vorteilhafterweise etwa 1 m/s beträgt.
  7. Die Vorrichtung, wie in irgendeinem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6 beansprucht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser des Reaktors bzw. des Radialkühlers bzw. der Verengungsstelle 2 bis 3 m bzw. 2 bis 3 m bzw. 0,8 bis 1,2 m beträgt.
EP19910202992 1990-11-19 1991-11-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Synthesegas durch partielle Oxidation von feinen Kohlenstoffteilchen enthaltendem Brennstoff Expired - Lifetime EP0487157B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9025077A GB9025077D0 (en) 1990-11-19 1990-11-19 A process and apparatus for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel
GB9025077 1990-11-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0487157A1 EP0487157A1 (de) 1992-05-27
EP0487157B1 true EP0487157B1 (de) 1995-02-15

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EP19910202992 Expired - Lifetime EP0487157B1 (de) 1990-11-19 1991-11-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Synthesegas durch partielle Oxidation von feinen Kohlenstoffteilchen enthaltendem Brennstoff

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0487157B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2054492A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69107418T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2068493T3 (de)
GB (1) GB9025077D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202005011767U1 (de) 2005-05-26 2005-10-20 Thomas Hilfen Hilbeg Gmbh & Co. Kg Stimulationsaktor zur Bewegung von Auflageflächen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4328006A (en) * 1979-05-30 1982-05-04 Texaco Development Corporation Apparatus for the production of cleaned and cooled synthesis gas
EP0050863A1 (de) * 1980-10-24 1982-05-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von Kohle

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Publication number Publication date
DE69107418T2 (de) 1995-06-14
CA2054492A1 (en) 1992-05-20
GB9025077D0 (en) 1991-01-02
DE69107418D1 (de) 1995-03-23
ES2068493T3 (es) 1995-04-16
EP0487157A1 (de) 1992-05-27

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