EP0480975B1 - Intermetallic alloy, its production and use - Google Patents
Intermetallic alloy, its production and use Download PDFInfo
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- EP0480975B1 EP0480975B1 EP90910657A EP90910657A EP0480975B1 EP 0480975 B1 EP0480975 B1 EP 0480975B1 EP 90910657 A EP90910657 A EP 90910657A EP 90910657 A EP90910657 A EP 90910657A EP 0480975 B1 EP0480975 B1 EP 0480975B1
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- alloys
- intermetallic
- chromium
- silicon
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- 239000001995 intermetallic alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017727 AgNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002515 CoAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005438 FeTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015325 MoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010038629 Molybdoferredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001005 Ni3Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021330 Ti3Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to intermetallic alloys composed of the main components aluminum, chromium and silicon, which are subjected to a special heat treatment, a process for their production and their use as a structural material, in particular at temperatures up to 720 K, or as a protective layer for other structural materials.
- the present alloys can be used for turbine and aircraft parts, housings for high-performance electrical batteries, pistons and connecting rods for gasoline and diesel engines, and as cladding for spacecraft.
- From DE-OS 23 33 198 aluminum alloys are known which can contain up to 12% silicon and 3 to 15% chromium, which solidify by a special process and are then compressed in the range from 200 to 500 ° C.
- intermetallic alloys which predominantly consist of several intermetallic phases or intermediate phases, already have good ductility.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing intermetallic alloys composed of the main components aluminum, chromium and silicon.
- the present invention thus relates to intermetallic alloys with an approximate SiCrAl7 composition with a predominant proportion of the structure comprising one or more intermetallic or intermediate phases 8 to 12% by weight of silicon, 15 to 20% by weight of chromium, 64 to 72% by weight aluminum, including the usual accompanying elements, 0 to 5% by weight of one or more additional alloying elements selected from silver, magnesium, vanadium, nickel and copper, and 0 to 1% by weight of one or more additional alloying elements selected from beryllium, boron, cerium, titanium and yttrium, the sum of the% by weight of the elements mentioned being 100%. producible by heat treatment of the alloys at temperatures above 820 ° C.
- the alloys according to the invention have high strength and rigidity combined with good corrosion resistance.
- the alloys according to the invention are intermetallic alloys which are to be distinguished from supersaturated mixed crystal alloys obtained by rapid solidification.
- the special mechanical properties are obtained by the precipitation of small amounts of the smallest crystal structures (intermetallic compounds) in supersaturated mixed crystals.
- the special properties of the alloys according to the invention are based solely on the properties of the intermetallic phase (s). If mixed crystals above 820 K are nevertheless contained in the alloys according to the invention after the heat treatment, these small amounts of finely divided admixture are of no great importance for the mechanical properties of the alloy.
- the alloys according to the invention have a specific weight between 3.0 and 3.3 g / cm 3.
- the alloys according to the invention consist either of 19.6% by weight Cr, 10.7% by weight Si, 2% by weight Ni and 0.6% by weight Cu, balance Al, or from 18.8% by weight Cr, 10.1% by weight Si and 3.9% by weight Ag, balance Al.
- the light metal alloys according to the invention consist of 19.3% by weight Cr, 10.4% by weight Si, the rest Al.
- the present invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the alloys described above, which is characterized in that the alloys initially solidify quickly after melting to form a fine crystalline structure and this structure is then subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature above 820 K.
- the fine crystalline structure is transformed into a structure consisting predominantly of several intermetallic phases or intermediate phases. Heating and cooling rates are only of minor importance in the heat treatment according to the invention.
- the alloys are initially quickly solidified after melting, for example by air atomization or plasma spray. After rapid cooling, the fine-grained structure consists of supersaturated mixed crystals and intermetallic phases with a low number of atoms.
- the rapidly solidified alloys are compacted and processed by the known methods.
- the heat treatment is carried out in a temperature range from 820 K to 900 K.
- the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intermetallic phases or intermediate phases present in the temperature range described above after the heat treatment are influenced by the choice of the temperature and the heat treatment duration for a given chemical composition. Rapidly solidified particles can be further processed after compacting using known methods.
- the heat treatment time is between 30 and 300 minutes.
- the treatment can be carried out in one or more stages.
- the choice of the method for rapid solidification from the molten state has a comparable influence.
- the proportion of supersaturated mixed crystals and their degree of supersaturation as well as the proportion of intermetallic phases with a low number of atoms after solidification can be influenced here.
- the choice of the method for rapid solidification and the chosen heat treatment will depend on the desired properties and economic considerations.
- the present invention relates to the use of the intermetallic alloys described above as a structural material, in particular for use at temperatures up to 720 K, and to the use of the intermetallic alloys according to the invention as a protective layer on other structural materials, again in particular for use at temperatures up to 720 K.
- Fig. 1 shows the structure at 100 times magnification in the as-cast state.
- Fig. 2 and 3 show the structure after the heat treatment described above.
- Fig. 2 shows the structure in 100x magnification and
- Fig. 3 shows the structure in 1000x magnification.
- the light metal alloy After the heat treatment, the light metal alloy has the following mechanical properties at room temperature and at 350 ° C ( ⁇ 623 K):
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft intermetallische Legierungen aus den Hauptkomponenten Aluminium, Chrom und Silicium, die einer besonderen Wärmebehandlung unterworfen werden, ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung als Strukturwerkstoff, insbesondere bei Temperaturen bis 720 K, oder als Schutzschicht für andere Strukturwerkstoffe.The present invention relates to intermetallic alloys composed of the main components aluminum, chromium and silicon, which are subjected to a special heat treatment, a process for their production and their use as a structural material, in particular at temperatures up to 720 K, or as a protective layer for other structural materials.
Die vorliegenden Legierungen können für Turbinen- und Flugzeugteile, Gehäuse von elektrischen Hochleistungsbatterien, Kolben und Pleuelstangen für Otto- und Dieselmotoren sowie als Beplankung für Raumfahrzeuge eingesetzt werden. Aus DE-OS 23 33 198 sind Aluminiumlegierungen bekannt, die bis zu 12 % Silicium und 3 bis 15 % Chrom enthalten können, die nach einem speziellen Verfahren erstarrt und anschließend im Bereich von 200 bis 500 °C verdichtet werden.The present alloys can be used for turbine and aircraft parts, housings for high-performance electrical batteries, pistons and connecting rods for gasoline and diesel engines, and as cladding for spacecraft. From DE-OS 23 33 198 aluminum alloys are known which can contain up to 12% silicon and 3 to 15% chromium, which solidify by a special process and are then compressed in the range from 200 to 500 ° C.
Es ist bekannt, daß Legierungen aus intermetallischen Phasen hohe Festigkeit bis zu relativ hohen Temperaturen haben. Die derzeitigen Entwicklungen zielen auf Werkstoffe, die überwiegend aus einer einzigen intermetallischen Phase bestehen. Bekannte intermetallische Phasen in solchen Werkstoffen (mehr als 90 Gew.-% des Gefüges bestehen aus nur einer intermetallischen Phase) sind beispielsweise:It is known that alloys made of intermetallic phases have high strength up to relatively high temperatures. Current developments target materials that are predominantly consist of a single intermetallic phase. Known intermetallic phases in such materials (more than 90% by weight of the structure consist of only one intermetallic phase) are, for example:
Ti₃Al, Ni₃Al, Ni₃Fe, Co₃V, Co₃Ti, TiAl, CoAl, NiAl, NiTi, AgNi, FeTi und MoFe.Ti₃Al, Ni₃Al, Ni₃Fe, Co₃V, Co₃Ti, TiAl, CoAl, NiAl, NiTi, AgNi, FeTi and MoFe.
Ferner ist bekannt, daß feinkristallines Gefüge bei solchen "einphasigen" intermetallischen Werkstoffen eine Voraussetzung für eine akzeptable Duktilität ist. Es ist schließlich bekannt, daß das gewünschte feine Gefüge über schnelle Erstarrung aus dem schmelzflüssigen Zustand nach bekannten Verfahren erreicht werden kann.It is also known that fine crystalline structure is a prerequisite for acceptable ductility in such "single-phase" intermetallic materials. Finally, it is known that the desired fine structure can be achieved by rapid solidification from the molten state by known methods.
Im Gegensatz zu den oben erwähnten "einphasigen" intermetallischen Werkstoffen wurde überraschenderweise gefunden, daß auch intermetallische Legierungen, die überwiegend aus mehreren intermetallischen Phasen oder Zwischenphasen bestehen, bereits eine gute Duktilität besitzen. Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, intermetallische Legierungen aus den Hauptkomponenten Aluminium, Chrom und Silicium bereitzustellen.In contrast to the "single-phase" intermetallic materials mentioned above, it was surprisingly found that intermetallic alloys, which predominantly consist of several intermetallic phases or intermediate phases, already have good ductility. The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing intermetallic alloys composed of the main components aluminum, chromium and silicon.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft somit intermetallische Legierungen mit einer ungefähren SiCrAl₇-Zusammensetzung mit einem überwiegenden Anteil des Gefüges aus einer oder mehreren intermetallischen Phasen oder Zwischenphasen, enthaltend
8 bis 12 Gew.-% Silicium,
15 bis 20 Gew.-% Chrom,
64 bis 72 Gew.-% Aluminium,
einschließlich der üblichen Begleitelemente,
0 bis 5 Gew.-% eines oder mehrerer zusätzlicher Legierungselemente, ausgewählt aus Silber, Magnesium, Vanadin, Nickel und Kupfer, und
0 bis 1 Gew.-% eines oder mehrerer weiterer zusätzlicher Legierungselemente, ausgewählt aus Beryllium, Bor, Cer, Titan und Yttrium, wobei die Summe der Gew % der genannten Elemente 100 % ergibt.
herstellbar durch eine Wärmebehandlung der Legierungen bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 820 °C.The present invention thus relates to intermetallic alloys with an approximate SiCrAl₇ composition with a predominant proportion of the structure comprising one or more intermetallic or intermediate phases
8 to 12% by weight of silicon,
15 to 20% by weight of chromium,
64 to 72% by weight aluminum,
including the usual accompanying elements,
0 to 5% by weight of one or more additional alloying elements selected from silver, magnesium, vanadium, nickel and copper, and
0 to 1% by weight of one or more additional alloying elements selected from beryllium, boron, cerium, titanium and yttrium, the sum of the% by weight of the elements mentioned being 100%.
producible by heat treatment of the alloys at temperatures above 820 ° C.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen besitzen eine hohe Festigkeit und Steifigkeit, verbunden mit guter Korrosionsbeständigkeit.The alloys according to the invention have high strength and rigidity combined with good corrosion resistance.
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen handelt es sich um intermetallische Legierungen, die von über schnelle Erstarrung erhaltenen übersättigten Mischkristallegierungen zu unterscheiden sind. Bei den letzteren werden die besonderen mechanischen Eigenschaften durch die Ausscheidung geringer Mengen kleinster Kristallstrukturen (intermetallische Verbindungen) in übersättigten Mischkristallen erhalten. Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen beruhen dagegen die besonderen Eigenschaften allein auf den Eigenschaften der intermetallischen Phase(n). Sollten in den erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen dennoch Mischkristalle nach der Wärmebehandlung oberhalb von 820 K enthalten sein, so sind diese geringen Mengen von feinverteilter Beimengung ohne größere Bedeutung für die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Legierung.The alloys according to the invention are intermetallic alloys which are to be distinguished from supersaturated mixed crystal alloys obtained by rapid solidification. In the latter, the special mechanical properties are obtained by the precipitation of small amounts of the smallest crystal structures (intermetallic compounds) in supersaturated mixed crystals. In contrast, the special properties of the alloys according to the invention are based solely on the properties of the intermetallic phase (s). If mixed crystals above 820 K are nevertheless contained in the alloys according to the invention after the heat treatment, these small amounts of finely divided admixture are of no great importance for the mechanical properties of the alloy.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen haben, je nach Kombination der Bestandteile, ein spezifisches Gewicht zwischen 3,0 und 3,3 g/cm³.Depending on the combination of the components, the alloys according to the invention have a specific weight between 3.0 and 3.3 g / cm 3.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung bestehen die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen entweder aus 19,6 Gew.-% Cr, 10,7 Gew.-% Si, 2 Gew.-% Ni und 0,6 Gew.-% Cu, Rest Al, oder aus 18,8 Gew.-% Cr, 10,1 Gew.-% Si und 3,9 Gew.-% Ag, Rest Al. Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung bestehen die erfindungsgemäßen Leichtmetallegierungen aus 19,3 Gew.-% Cr, 10,4 Gew.-% Si, Rest Al.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alloys according to the invention consist either of 19.6% by weight Cr, 10.7% by weight Si, 2% by weight Ni and 0.6% by weight Cu, balance Al, or from 18.8% by weight Cr, 10.1% by weight Si and 3.9% by weight Ag, balance Al. According to a further preferred embodiment of the In the present invention, the light metal alloys according to the invention consist of 19.3% by weight Cr, 10.4% by weight Si, the rest Al.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der vorstehend beschriebenen Legierungen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man die Legierungen nach dem Aufschmelzen unter Bildung eines feinkristallinen Gefüges zunächst schnell erstarren läßt und dieses Gefüge anschließend einer Wärmebehandlung bei einer Temperatur oberhalb von 820 K unterzieht. Hierbei wandelt sich das feinkristalline Gefüge in ein überwiegend aus mehreren intermetallischen Phasen oder Zwischenphasen bestehendes Gefüge um. Aufheiz- und Abkühlraten sind bei der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlung nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung.The present invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the alloys described above, which is characterized in that the alloys initially solidify quickly after melting to form a fine crystalline structure and this structure is then subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature above 820 K. Here, the fine crystalline structure is transformed into a structure consisting predominantly of several intermetallic phases or intermediate phases. Heating and cooling rates are only of minor importance in the heat treatment according to the invention.
Die Legierungen werden nach dem Aufschmelzen zunächst schnell erstarrt, beispielsweise durch Luftverdüsung oder Plasmaspray. Das feinkörnige Gefüge besteht nach dem schnellen Erkalten aus übersättigten Mischkristallen und intermetallischen Phasen mit niedriger Anzahl von Atomen.The alloys are initially quickly solidified after melting, for example by air atomization or plasma spray. After rapid cooling, the fine-grained structure consists of supersaturated mixed crystals and intermetallic phases with a low number of atoms.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die schnell erstarrten Legierungen durch die bekannten Verfahren kompaktiert und weiterverarbeitet.According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the rapidly solidified alloys are compacted and processed by the known methods.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Wärmebehandlung in einem Temperaturbereich von 820 K bis 900 K durchgeführt.According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the heat treatment is carried out in a temperature range from 820 K to 900 K.
Die nach der Wärmebehandlung im vorstehend beschriebenen Temperaturbereich vorliegenden intermetallischen Phasen bzw. Zwischenphasen werden in ihrer quantitativen und qualitativen Zusammensetzung durch die Wahl der Temperatur und der Wärmebehandlungdauer bei einer vorgegebenen chemischen Zusammensetzung beeinflußt. Schnell erstarrte Partikel können nach der Kompaktierung nach bekannten Verfahren weiter verarbeitet werden.The quantitative and qualitative composition of the intermetallic phases or intermediate phases present in the temperature range described above after the heat treatment are influenced by the choice of the temperature and the heat treatment duration for a given chemical composition. Rapidly solidified particles can be further processed after compacting using known methods.
Im allgemeinen liegt die Wärmebehandlungsdauer, je nach Dicke und Größe der Bauteile, zwischen 30 und 300 min. So kann die Behandlung in einer oder mehreren Stufen durchgeführt werden. Einen damit vergleichbaren Einfluß hat die Wahl des Verfahrens zur schnellen Erstarrung aus dem schmelzflüssigen Zustand. Hier kann der Anteil übersättigter Mischkristalle und ihr Übersättigungsgrad sowie der Anteil der nach der Erstarrung vorliegenden intermetallischen Phasen mit niedriger Anzahl Atome beeinflußt werden. Die Wahl des Verfahrens zur schnellen Erstarrung sowie die gewählte Wärmebehandlung wird sich, wie dem Fachmann bekannt ist, nach den angestrebten Eigenschaften und wirtschaftlichen Überlegungen richten.In general, depending on the thickness and size of the components, the heat treatment time is between 30 and 300 minutes. The treatment can be carried out in one or more stages. The choice of the method for rapid solidification from the molten state has a comparable influence. The proportion of supersaturated mixed crystals and their degree of supersaturation as well as the proportion of intermetallic phases with a low number of atoms after solidification can be influenced here. The choice of the method for rapid solidification and the chosen heat treatment, as is known to the person skilled in the art, will depend on the desired properties and economic considerations.
Die Festlegung der chemischen Zusammensetzung der erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen Legierungen der Hauptkomponenten Aluminium, Chrom und Silicium fixiert die qualitativen und quantitativen Möglichkeiten der intermetallischen Phasen und Zwischenphasen in diesem im wesentlichen ternären System. Durch Zugabe zusätzlicher Legierungselemente werden diese Möglichkeiten wesentlich erweitert, d.h., intermetallische Phasen, insbesondere Zwischenphasen mit hoher Anzahl von Atomen, werden möglich. Damit ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften den Anforderungen individuell anzupassen.The determination of the chemical composition of the alloys of the main components aluminum, chromium and silicon obtained according to the invention fixes the qualitative and quantitative possibilities of the intermetallic and intermediate phases in this essentially ternary system. By adding additional alloying elements, these possibilities are significantly expanded, i.e. intermetallic phases, in particular intermediate phases with a high number of atoms, become possible. This enables the physical and chemical properties to be individually adapted to the requirements.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft schließlich die Verwendung der vorstehend beschriebenen intermetallischen Legierungen als Strukturwerkstoff, insbesondere für den Einsatz bei Temperaturen bis 720 K, sowie die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen intermetallischen Legierungen als Schutzschicht auf anderen Strukturwerkstoffen, wiederum insbesondere für den Einsatz bei Temperaturen bis 720 K.Finally, the present invention relates to the use of the intermetallic alloys described above as a structural material, in particular for use at temperatures up to 720 K, and to the use of the intermetallic alloys according to the invention as a protective layer on other structural materials, again in particular for use at temperatures up to 720 K.
Die vorstehende Erfindung wird im folgenden durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert.The above invention is explained in more detail below by an embodiment.
Eine Legierung aus 67,2 Gew.-% Aluminium, 18,8 Gew.-% Chrom, 10,1 Gew.-% Silicium und 3,9 Gew.-% Silber wurde nach dem Aufschmelzen in eine Kupfer-Schleudergußkokille mit 8 mm Wanddicke vergossen. Daraufhin wird diese Legierung einer Wärmebehandlung in der Weise unterzogen, indem man sie 2 h bei 560 °C (∼ 833 K) und anschließend 4 h bei 600 °C (∼ 873 K) beläßt und schließlich im Ofen abkühlt. Die so erhaltene Legierung besitzt sehr gute Oxidationsbeständigkeit. In den Abb. 1 bis 3 ist das erhaltene Gefüge vor und nach der Wärmebehandlung dargestellt.An alloy of 67.2% by weight of aluminum, 18.8% by weight of chromium, 10.1% by weight of silicon and 3.9% by weight of silver was melted into an 8 mm copper centrifugal casting mold Potted wall thickness. This alloy is then subjected to a heat treatment in such a way that it is left for 2 hours at 560 ° C. (und 833 K) and then for 4 hours at 600 ° C. (und 873 K) and finally cooled in the furnace. The alloy thus obtained has very good resistance to oxidation. Figures 1 to 3 show the structure obtained before and after the heat treatment.
Abb. 1 zeigt das Gefüge bei 100facher Vergrößerung im Gußzustand.Fig. 1 shows the structure at 100 times magnification in the as-cast state.
Die Abb. 2 und 3 zeigen das Gefüge nach der oben beschriebenen Wärmebehandlung. Abb. 2 zeigt das Gefüge in 100facher Vergrößerung und Abb. 3 zeigt das Gefüge in 1000facher Vergrößerung.Fig. 2 and 3 show the structure after the heat treatment described above. Fig. 2 shows the structure in 100x magnification and Fig. 3 shows the structure in 1000x magnification.
Die Leichtmetallegierung weist nach der Wärmebehandlung folgende mechanische Eigenschaften beim Raumtemperatur und bei 350 °C (∼ 623 K) auf:
Die Herstellung der vorstehend beschriebenen Legierungen in bezug auf "schnelle Erstarrung" durch den Guß in einer Kupferkokille ist, wie dem Fachmann bekannt, ein nicht günstiges Herstellungsverfahren. Es wurde lediglich bei der Legierungsentwicklung benutzt, um die Eigenschaften der Legierung abzuschätzen. Deshalb sind die angegebenen mechanischen Werte auch nur untere Grenzwerte.The production of the above-described alloys with respect to "rapid solidification" by casting in a copper mold is, as is known to the person skilled in the art, a not favorable production process. It was only used in alloy development to estimate the properties of the alloy. That is why the specified mechanical values are only lower limit values.
Claims (11)
- Intermetallic alloys having an approximate composition of SiCrAl₇ having a predominant portion of the structure of one or more intermetallic phases or intermediate phases, containing
from 8 to 12 % by weight of silicon,
from 15 to 20 % by weight of chromium,
from 64 to 72 % by weight of aluminum,
including the conventional companion elements,
from 0 to 5 % by weight of one or more additional alloying elements selected from silver, magnesium, vanadium, nickel and copper, and
from 0 to 1 % by weight of one or more further additional alloying elements selected from beryllium, boron, cerium, titanium and yttrium,
with the sum of the % by weight of said elements amounting to 100%,
producible by a heat treatment of the alloys at temperatures above 820 K. - An alloy according to claim 1, consisting of
10.4 % by weight of silicon,
19.3 % by weight of chromium,
70.3 % by weight of aluminum (SiCrAl₇ composition). - An alloy according to claim 1, consisting of
10.7 % by weight of silicon,
19.6 % by weight of chromium,
2 % by weight of nickel and
0.6 % by weight of copper,
balance aluminum. - An alloy according to claim 1, consisting of
10.1 % by weight of silicon,
18.8 % by weight of chromium,
3.9 % by weight of silver,
balance aluminum. - A light metal alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the predominant proportion of the structure comprising several intermetallic phases or intermediate phases amount to more than 70 %.
- A process for producing alloys according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the alloys once molten are first allowed to rapidly solidify to form a finely crystalline structure and the resulting structure is subsequently subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature in excess of 820 K.
- The process according to claim 6, characterized in that the alloys once molten are first rapidly caused to solidify by air atomizing or plasma spray.
- The process according to claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the alloys rapidly solidified are compacted and further processed by means of per se known processes.
- The process according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the heat treatment of the alloys is carried out at temperatures within the range of from 820 K to 900 K.
- Use of the alloys according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or of the alloys produced according to any one of claims 6 to 9 as a structure material, and especially for a use at temperatures up to 720 K.
- Use of the alloys according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or of the alloys produced according to any one of claims 6 to 9 as a protective layer for other structure materials, and especially for a use at temperatures up to 720 K.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3921709 | 1989-07-01 | ||
| DE3921709A DE3921709A1 (en) | 1989-07-01 | 1989-07-01 | LIGHT METAL ALLOY, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0480975A1 EP0480975A1 (en) | 1992-04-22 |
| EP0480975B1 true EP0480975B1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
Family
ID=6384121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90910657A Expired - Lifetime EP0480975B1 (en) | 1989-07-01 | 1990-06-29 | Intermetallic alloy, its production and use |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0480975B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6040590A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3921709A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991000370A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2333198A1 (en) * | 1972-06-30 | 1974-01-31 | Alcan Res & Dev | IMPROVEMENTS IN ALUMINUM ALLOYS (SPRAY CAST) |
| FR2287467A1 (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1976-05-07 | Eurane Europ Polyurethan | MIXED PRODUCTS BASED ON POLYURETHANE FOAMS |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2967351A (en) * | 1956-12-14 | 1961-01-10 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Method of making an aluminum base alloy article |
| FR1187467A (en) * | 1957-12-04 | 1959-09-11 | Aluminum alloy manufacturing process |
-
1989
- 1989-07-01 DE DE3921709A patent/DE3921709A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-06-29 AU AU60405/90A patent/AU6040590A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-29 EP EP90910657A patent/EP0480975B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-29 WO PCT/EP1990/001048 patent/WO1991000370A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-06-29 DE DE90910657T patent/DE59004828D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2333198A1 (en) * | 1972-06-30 | 1974-01-31 | Alcan Res & Dev | IMPROVEMENTS IN ALUMINUM ALLOYS (SPRAY CAST) |
| FR2287467A1 (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1976-05-07 | Eurane Europ Polyurethan | MIXED PRODUCTS BASED ON POLYURETHANE FOAMS |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6040590A (en) | 1991-01-17 |
| EP0480975A1 (en) | 1992-04-22 |
| DE3921709A1 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
| WO1991000370A1 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
| DE59004828D1 (en) | 1994-04-07 |
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