EP0470182A1 - Procede de protection de plantes par introduction d'un endophyte - Google Patents

Procede de protection de plantes par introduction d'un endophyte

Info

Publication number
EP0470182A1
EP0470182A1 EP19900907842 EP90907842A EP0470182A1 EP 0470182 A1 EP0470182 A1 EP 0470182A1 EP 19900907842 EP19900907842 EP 19900907842 EP 90907842 A EP90907842 A EP 90907842A EP 0470182 A1 EP0470182 A1 EP 0470182A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plants
disease
cxc
organism
caused
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19900907842
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0470182A4 (en
Inventor
Jed W. Fahey
Mohammad S. Hakimi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FAHEY Jed W
HAKIMI Mohammad S
Crop Genetics International Corp
Original Assignee
Crop Genetics International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Crop Genetics International Corp filed Critical Crop Genetics International Corp
Publication of EP0470182A1 publication Critical patent/EP0470182A1/fr
Publication of EP0470182A4 publication Critical patent/EP0470182A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/27—Pseudomonas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/15—Corynebacterium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of providing enhanced protection against disease in commercially-valuable plants. More particularly, the present invention relates to such a method employing endophytic microorganisms.
  • Biological control of plant pathogens can be defined as "the decrease of inoculum or the disease- producing activity of a pathogen accomplished through one or more organisms, including the host plant but excluding man.” See, K.F. Baker, Annual Review of Phytopathology 28: 67-85 (1987). The term was first used in relation to plant pathogens in 1914 and to insects in 1919.
  • induced resistance an increase in a plant's ability to resist disease after prior exposure to a pathogen.
  • induced resistance also called cross protection, acquired resistance or acquired immunity
  • C. . Bennett described virus infection to protect plants by induced resistance in Advances in Virus Research 1:39 (1953).
  • Other early reports on induced resistance include T.O. Biener (Annual Review of Phytopathology 1:197 (1963)) and B. Kassanis (Advances in Virus Research 10:219 (1963)).
  • biotic inducers i.e., pathogenic inducers that were either live or attenuated (i.e., unable to live and increase within the plant) .
  • pathogenic inducers may have created the desired response in the plant
  • target crops and non- arget species were subjected to pathogens that could be potentially harmful to them.
  • pathogens were often applied topically thus enhancing the opportunities for environmentally mediated inactivation of the organism (e.g. UV degradation).
  • topical application required relatively large amounts of the pathogen, enhancing the opportunity for unwanted exposure of non-target species.
  • attenuated pathogens were used, multiple applications were often required.
  • abiotic (i.e., biochemical) inducers have also been reported in the scientific literature, (Modderman, P. ., et al., Phytopath. Zeit. 113:165-170 (1985); Albersheim, P.A., et al.. Structure and Function of Plant Genomes- NATO Adv. Study Inst. Series. Plenum Publ. Corp. N.Y. pp. 293- 312 (0. Ciferri (ed. ) 1982); Graham, T.L., et al..
  • abiotic inducers were advantageous in that they were not likely to cause disease, there were numerous disadvantages inherent in the use of abiotic inducers including the ability to induce resistance only against a very limited spectrum of pathogens and the need for multiple applications. For example, application of oligosaccharides would induce resistance only against organisms with cell walls that were structurally similar to the inducing compound used.
  • certain abiotics e.g. HgCl 2
  • the "cure" caused damage to the plant which was worse than the disease.
  • Other abiotics e.g. UV light
  • the present invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages of the prior art by providing of method of enhancing disease resistance in commercially-valuable plants, comprising providing an endophytic organism which is capable of being harbored within the plant and which creates no visible manifestations of disease and, in one embodiment, creates no ill effects on the host plant. This organism is introduced into the plants to enhance protection against a wide spectrum of diseases.
  • the present invention provides a method of enhancing protection in commercially-valuable plants using a vascular-inhabiting endophyte, i.e., one that lives in the vascular tissues of the plant.
  • the invention relates to a method of enhancing protection using a vascular-inhabiting endophyte that is a gram positive bacterium.
  • the present invention relates to a method of enhancing protection in commercially-valuable plants using an endophytic organism that lives in the vascular-inhabiting system of the plant, is gram positive, and is fastidious.
  • the invention also provides for a method of enhancing protection in commercially-valuable plants using an endophytic organism known as Clavibacter xyli subsp. cvnodontis (Cxc) .
  • Fig. 1 is a graph that depicts the effect of Cxc inoculation on leaf area of tobacco (variety C319) challenged fourteen days post-inoculation with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) .
  • Fig. 2 is a graph that depicts the effect of Cxc inoculation of leaf area of tobacco (variety C319) challenged twenty days post-inoculation with TMV.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph that depicts the effect of Cxc inoculation on leaf weight of tobacco (variety C319) challenged fourteen days post-inoculation with TMV.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph that depicts the effect of Cxc inoculation on leaf weight of tobacco (variety C319) challenged twenty days post-inoculation with TMV.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph that depicts the titer of Pseudomonas syrinqae pv. tabaci titer in Cxc-inoculated tobacco (variety Ky-14) leaves.
  • endophyte-enhanced protection is defined as the reduction of disease in plants resulting from the introduction of an endophyte into plants.
  • the present invention is not limited by the manner in which the endophyte enhances protection of the plant against disease, nor, as discussed more fully below, by the method of its introduction into plants.
  • the endophytes of the present invention do not act as pathogens in the host plant.
  • the endophytes are organisms that are capable of being harbored within the plant but create no visible manifestations of disease and, in one embodiment, have no ill effects on the host plant.
  • the endophytic organisms of the present invention may also be referred to as organisms which are capable of entering into an endosymbiotic relationship with a plant host.
  • the endosymbiotic relationship is one in which the organism actually exists within and may spread throughout all or a portion of the host plant, without causing any significant adverse effect on the host plant.
  • the endosymbiotic relationship of an endophyte with a host plant in the present invention is not limited by the nature of the relationship and may include mutualistic and commensalistic endophytic organisms.
  • the endophytes used in the method of the present invention are contained within the plant body.
  • the endophytes are contained within the vascular system of the plant or, in an alternative embodiment, within the intercellular spaces of the plant.
  • the vascular-inhabiting or intercellular-space-inhabiting endophytes are gram- positive.
  • Gram-positive refers to a classification of microorganisms based on the components of the cell wall as that term is described by Davis et al. in Microbiology, 3rd ed. , (1980), specifically incorporated herein by reference.
  • the gram-positive vascular-inhibiting endophytes are fastidious in nature.
  • fastidious refers to organisms having complicated nutritional requirements, as that term is defined by McCoy, R.E., in “Chronic and insidious disease: The fastidious vascular pathogens,” Phvtopathogenic Prokarvotes (Mount M.S. and Lacy, G.H., eds. 1982), specifically incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention relates to endophytes of the Coryneform family as that term is defined by M.J. Davis in Annual Review Phytopathology 24: 115-40 (1986), specifically incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention relates to the genus Clavibacter.
  • the invention relates to the endophyte known as Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (hereinafter "Cxc"), as that term is defined by M.J. Davis et al. in International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 34(2):107-117 (April 1984), specifically incorporated herein by reference.
  • Cxc Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis
  • the present invention contemplates the introduction of live endophytes capable of being harbored within the plant host.
  • the endophytes of the present invention may multiply within the plant host but the present invention is not limited to endophytes that multiply within the host.
  • the endophytes of the present invention may be unmodified or modified or formulated with other components to provide beneficial properties in addition to enhanced protection. Modification of endophytes is accomplished by techniques that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Any means of modification and any modification of endophytes are specifically contemplated by the present invention.
  • the endophytes used in the method of the present invention may be modified, for example, by mutagenesis or recombinant techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the microbiology and molecular biology art in light of the teachings contained herein.
  • the endophyte may be modified by the induction and isolation of mutant strains effective in protecting plants against disease.
  • the DNA of the endophytes may be modified by the addition of DNA that codes for the production of particular compounds, including but not limited to proteins, antibiotics, and other biochemical compounds.
  • the endophyte could, in addition to enhancing protection, provide agricultural chemicals that might benefit the plant.
  • On such method for the production of such endophytes is provided copending in United States Patent Application No. 166,819 (filed March 3, 1988), No. 266,232 (filed October 10, 1988), and No. 266,221 filed October 10, 1988), all of which are commonly assigned to the assignee of the present invention and are incorporated specifically herein by reference.
  • endophytes may be modified by mutagenesis or recombinant techniques to produce inducer compounds, such as, for example, dihydroxy benzoic acid or beta-ionone.
  • inducer compounds such as, for example, dihydroxy benzoic acid or beta-ionone.
  • plant protection provided by the present invention may be enhanced by formulating the endophyte with one or more abiotic inducers.
  • abiotic inducers are within the routine skill of those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings contained herein.
  • the modified, unmodified or formulated endophytes may be introduced to the plants by any technique known to those ordinary skill in the art.
  • the method of endophyte introduction does not in any way limit the present invention.
  • Introduction techniques which vary with the plant host, include, but are not limited to, latex plugs, slow releases, root drips for transplanted plants, abrasive sprays, needle or needless injection, pressure injection and the like.
  • the endophytes are introduced by stem stabbing.
  • stem stabbing refers to the introduction of endophytes by wounding the plant and delivering the endophytes to that wound.
  • a preferred method of stem stabbing involves a scalpel or other sharp instrument that is first coated with an endophyte and then used to simultaneously wound and deliver the organism.
  • the endophytes are introduced to plants by stem injection.
  • stem injection refers to the introduction of organisms into the stem of the plant via a puncture created by a needle of, for example, a tuberculin intradermal syringe.
  • the needle of the syringe, containing the endophytic organisms to be introduced is gently pushed into the stem and the contents of the syringe gently and slowly injected into the stem.
  • the endophytes are introduced to plants either by injection into the petiole by needle or by deposition onto a previously broken petiole.
  • the endophytes can be introduced by intercellular infiltration, where a suspension of endophytes is injected into the intercellular spaces of a leaf.
  • the endophytes may be introduced by inoculating the seeds of the plant with the endophytes.
  • the method of seed inoculation is provided in co-pending United States Patent Application No. 194,247, filed May 16, 1988, to Jed W. Fahey, incorporated specifically herein in its entirety by reference.
  • the invention relates to enhanced protection in all commercially-valuable plants.
  • Persons of ordinary skill in the art are generally familiar with agriculturally-valuable plants. These include the horticultural plants, such as those producing fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental trees and plants.
  • commercially-valuable plants include agricultural trees and plants such as field and row plants. Field and row plants include, but are not limited to, corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, oats, rice, tomato, potato, cabbage, broccoli, melons, cucumbers and related plants.
  • commercially- valuable plants encompass plants of forestry. This list is exemplary only and does not in any way limit the application of the present invention.
  • the protected plants become resistant to one or more of a broad spectrum of diseases including, but not limited to, mildews, rusts, smuts, rots, scabs, spots, blights, blasts, decay, damping-off, leaf rolls, vascular wilts, warts, galls, yellows, cankers, mosaics, ring spots and other stunting, dwarfing or disfiguring plant diseases.
  • diseases include those caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi and other biotic pathogens.
  • the plants are resistant to tobacco mosaic virus, potato viruses X and Y, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, Clavibacter michiqanense subsp. michiqanense and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis.
  • TMV tobacco mosaic virus
  • Cxc was grown on SC Media, consisting of 1000 ml distilled water; 17 g cornmeal agar; 8 g papaic digest of soy meal; 1 g K-HPO. ; 1 g KH 2 P0 4 ; 0.2 g MgS0 4 * 7H 2 0; 15 mg (15 ml of a 0.1 percent solution- in 0.05N NaOH) bovine hemin chloride; 2 g (10 ml of a 20 percent aqueous solution) bovine serum albumin fraction 5; 0.5 g (1.0 ml of a 50 percent aqueous solution) glucose; and 1 g (free base, 10 ml of a 10 percent aqueous solution) cysteine.
  • SC Media consisting of 1000 ml distilled water; 17 g cornmeal agar; 8 g papaic digest of soy meal; 1 g K-HPO. ; 1 g KH 2 P0 4 ; 0.2 g MgS0 4 * 7H 2 0
  • *LSD refers to Least Significant Difference
  • EXAMPLE 3 SYSTEMATIC RESPONSE IN ENDOPHYTE-INOCULATED TOBACCO PLANTS FOLLOWING CHALLENGE WITH TMV Using the protocol of Example 1, sixty plants of tobacco variety Coker 319 (C319) were planted in the greenhouse. After five weeks of growth, uniform plants were selected and subjected to the following treatments:
  • Plants were inoculated with Cxc at the stage of growth when two true leaves had formed. Fourteen days later, the plants were challenged with TMV by inoculation of true leaves four and five (counted from the soil line) . Twenty days later, leaves numbered 5, 6, 7, and 8, counted from the challenged leaf, were removed and leaf area and leaf fresh weight were assessed. Leaf fresh weight was determined by removing any adherent water or debris and weighing the entire leaf and subtending petiole. Nine days later, plants were re-assessed by measuring leaf area and fresh weight for leaves numbered 9, 10, 11, and 12. In addition, plant height was determined by measuring total height of the plant from the soil line to the uppermost leaves and plant weight was scored as the weight of the above-ground portion of the plant.
  • Stem Inject 90 140 162 165 272 174 117 49 with Cxc -l
  • Leaf fresh weight exhibited a similar pattern, as depicted in Table 4. Leaves 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 from Cxc-inoculated plants exhibited significantly greater fresh leaf weight than control plants.
  • inoculated plants exhibited increased plant height and weight compared to controls.
  • EXAMPLE 5 SYSTEMIC RESPONSE IN ENDOPHYTE-INOCULATED TOMATO PLANTS FOLLOWING CHALLENGE WITH TMV Using the protocol of Example 1, tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Marglobe), susceptible to TMV, were planted in a greenhouse, transplanted into one gallon pots approximately six days later, and allowed to continue to grow in the greenhouse. This experiment was replicated twice. In both replications, plants were inoculated with Cxc one week after transplanting. All plants were challenged with TMV approximately three weeks after Cxc inoculation.
  • plants were treated with Cxc, introduced by either stem injection or stem stabbing, as described in Example 1 above.
  • Control plants were stem injected with water, stem stabbed with water, or left untreated.
  • PVX potato virus X
  • Plants were scored for flowering and for disease severity. As set forth in Table 9, potato plants inoculated by either injection or stabbing with Cxc exhibited a significantly higher percentage of flowering than did any of the three sets of control plants. Similarly, inoculated plants exhibited reduced disease severity (as evidenced by the number of discolored and wilted leaves) than controls. Disease severity in each plant was rated on a scale of 1-4 based on quality of leaves, such that:
  • Example 6 180 potato plants (S. tuberosum. cv. Kennebec) were planted by hand in the field. Approximately two weeks later, the plants were randomly assigned to five groups and subjected to five treatments. As above, the five treatments were: stem stab with Cxc, stem inject with Cxc, uninoculated control, stem stab with water and stem inject with water. Twenty days after inoculation with Cxc, all plants were challenged with potato virus Y (PVY)
  • Cxc-inoculated plants were scored for flowering and for disease severity. As set forth in Table 10, although there was no difference in flowering between Cxc-inoculated and control plants, Cxc-inoculated plants did exhibit a reduction in disease severity over control plants. Specifically, as set forth in Table 10, Cxc- inoculated plants predominantly ranked in the lowest damage category.
  • Example 6 180 potato plants were planted in the field and allowed to grow for approximately two weeks. The plants were then inoculated with Cxc, using the same five treatments as set forth above. Eighteen days after inoculation with Cxc, the plants were challenged with a mixture of PVY and PVX.
  • the tomato plants were challenged by introduction of the bacteria Clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense ("Cmm” ) (syn. Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. michiganese ⁇ grown on nutrient broth yeast extract agar (NBY) and incubated at 26°C for approximately four days. Cell suspensions of Cmm in distilled water were used for challenge inoculation. Challenge inoculation was performed by breaking the petiole o and applying a suspension containing approximately 10 cells/ml to the broken area.
  • Cmm bacteria Clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense
  • NY nutrient broth yeast extract agar
  • Ps. tabaci Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
  • inoculated plants exhibited a reduction in the number of bacterial cells per gram of leaf tissue each day after inoculation. Accordingly, it appeared that the Cxc-inoculated plants permitted less multiplication of Ps. tabaci in leaf tissue. This reduction of pathogen/titer in the plants has a direct impact on the rate of spread of the resultant disease (wildfire disease) in the field.
  • Cucumis melo Muskmelon (variety Honey Rock) plants were grown in a greenhouse. At approximately one week post-emergence, plants were subjected to one of two treatments: hypodermal inoculation with washed Cxc cells resuspended in phosphate buffered saline ("PBS") at g approximately 10 CFU/ml; or a control inoculation using PBS alone. After approximately 26 days of growth, all plants were challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis by transplanting into pots containing Fusarium infested soil. All plants were allowed to grow with a photoperiod of about 14:10 (L:D), at 95% relative humidity and 23°C until symptoms appeared. Two replications were conducted.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • Plants were assessed for disease severity and plant dry weight. Plant weight was determined by weighing the harvested, above-ground portions of the plant. The severity of each disease was assessed using standard phytopathological methods and plants were rated on a scale of 0-5:

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de protection par introduction d'un endophyte pour plantes ayant une valeur commerciale qui comporte une bactérie endophyte pouvant être hébergée à l'intérieur de la plante mais ne donnant aucune indication visible de maladie, ainsi que d'introduction de cet organisme à la plante afin de rehausser la protection contre un large éventail de maladies.
EP19900907842 1989-04-28 1990-04-27 Method of endophyte-enhanced protection of plants Withdrawn EP0470182A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34457389A 1989-04-28 1989-04-28
US344573 1989-04-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0470182A1 true EP0470182A1 (fr) 1992-02-12
EP0470182A4 EP0470182A4 (en) 1992-09-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900907842 Withdrawn EP0470182A4 (en) 1989-04-28 1990-04-27 Method of endophyte-enhanced protection of plants

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0470182A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04504722A (fr)
AU (1) AU5553190A (fr)
CA (1) CA2053295A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990013224A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5157207A (en) * 1990-02-06 1992-10-20 Crop Genetics International Modified plant containing a bacterial insculant
US5332673A (en) * 1993-03-08 1994-07-26 Kansas State University Research Foundation Application of native soil bacteria as selective biological control agents of the weeds downy brome, Japanese brome, and jointed goatgrass in wheat
GB9317588D0 (en) * 1993-08-24 1993-10-06 Univ Aberdeen Associations of antagonistic prokaryotes with eukaryotes
US6376245B1 (en) 1993-08-24 2002-04-23 Aberdeen University Associations of antagonistic prokaryotes with eukaryotes
AU724158B2 (en) 1995-12-13 2000-09-14 Syngenta Limited Antifungal proteins
GB9525474D0 (en) 1995-12-13 1996-02-14 Zeneca Ltd Antifungal proteins
US6306390B1 (en) * 1997-03-24 2001-10-23 Ibaraki Prefecture Root endophyte having soil disease inhibitory activity, process for preparing said root endophyte, and method for inhibiting soil disease
US6333302B1 (en) * 1997-09-03 2001-12-25 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Use of hypersensitive response elicitor protein or polypeptide from Clavibacter michiganensis for disease resistance, growth enhancement and insect control
FR2841903B1 (fr) 2002-07-05 2004-09-24 Centre Nat Rech Scient Nouveau peptide de plante a activite anti-microbienne
US7528232B2 (en) 2005-05-20 2009-05-05 The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Utility of phylloplanins as antibiotics, selective fungicides and for enhancing microbial resistance in crop plants
CA2667568C (fr) 2006-10-24 2019-12-10 J.D. Irving, Limited Jeunes plants renforces par un endophyte avec une tolerance augmentee aux organismes nuisibles
NZ578342A (en) 2007-02-12 2011-11-25 Samuel Roberts Noble Found Inc Fungal endophytes of elymus canadensis
CA2766412C (fr) 2011-01-28 2018-09-04 J.D. Irving, Limited Metabolites antifongiques issus d'endophytes fongiques de pinus strobus
BR112013020131A8 (pt) 2011-02-07 2018-01-09 Hexima Ltd defensinas de plantas modificadas úteis como agentes antipatogênicas

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2065128A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-06-24 Univ Montana State Method for treating dutch elm disease
GB2094147A (en) * 1980-12-17 1982-09-15 Nat Res Dev Method of combatting plant diseases
WO1987003303A1 (fr) * 1985-11-20 1987-06-04 Crop Genetics International, N.V. Micro-organismes endosymbiotiques fabricant des produits chimiques agricoles, et leur procede de preparation et d'utilisation
WO1988009114A1 (fr) * 1987-05-20 1988-12-01 Crop Genetics International Administration de microorganismes benefiques a des graines et a des plantes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2065128A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-06-24 Univ Montana State Method for treating dutch elm disease
GB2094147A (en) * 1980-12-17 1982-09-15 Nat Res Dev Method of combatting plant diseases
WO1987003303A1 (fr) * 1985-11-20 1987-06-04 Crop Genetics International, N.V. Micro-organismes endosymbiotiques fabricant des produits chimiques agricoles, et leur procede de preparation et d'utilisation
WO1988009114A1 (fr) * 1987-05-20 1988-12-01 Crop Genetics International Administration de microorganismes benefiques a des graines et a des plantes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO9013224A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0470182A4 (en) 1992-09-16
WO1990013224A1 (fr) 1990-11-15
AU5553190A (en) 1990-11-29
JPH04504722A (ja) 1992-08-20
CA2053295A1 (fr) 1990-10-29

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