EP0468272A2 - Electrical switching device - Google Patents

Electrical switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0468272A2
EP0468272A2 EP91111390A EP91111390A EP0468272A2 EP 0468272 A2 EP0468272 A2 EP 0468272A2 EP 91111390 A EP91111390 A EP 91111390A EP 91111390 A EP91111390 A EP 91111390A EP 0468272 A2 EP0468272 A2 EP 0468272A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching device
electrodes
container
field strength
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91111390A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0468272B1 (en
EP0468272A3 (en
Inventor
Gerd Dipl.-Ing. Schwarz
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AEG Niederspannungstechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Publication of EP0468272A3 publication Critical patent/EP0468272A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/504—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release provided with anti-rebound means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H01H3/605—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock making use of a fluid damper
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/44—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release having means for introducing a predetermined time delay
    • H01H71/443—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release having means for introducing a predetermined time delay with dash-pot

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switching device with a detachable latching device comprising a plurality of links for opening or closing the electrical contact system, at least one link being lockable for a short time in a predetermined position or being detachable therefrom.
  • the aforementioned elements are important in order to carry out opening or closing processes and to achieve defined on or off operating states.
  • Such devices have, for example, a mechanical locking element for the switch lock, for example in the form of a half-wave.
  • damping elements are necessary for braking the elements moving during the switching-off process or their masses, as well as suitable locks, in order to prevent the rebounding and thus the undesired momentary closing again.
  • locking members are a necessary component for auxiliary release devices such as undervoltage releases.
  • German design specification 23 36 584 relating to a rebound lock for a switching device, the triggers of which respond from a short-circuit current level of approximately 30 kA to 50 kA.
  • modern switches today have switching capacities of up to 100 kA, which means that this area is difficult to control due to the bouncing conditions.
  • the blocking function can no longer be guaranteed with safety, that is to say there is a risk that the switch closes again. So far, no possibility is known of matching the bounce conditions to the respective short-circuit current that actually occurs.
  • the range from 30 to 100 kA given by way of example is too wide to be optimally covered by conventional means.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating controllable latches, as locks, switch locks, interlocks and dampers for switching devices and contactors and corresponding device combinations which can be optimally adapted to the respective response conditions of the latching system in individual cases.
  • At least one member of the latching device extends directly or by means of an articulated additional member into a closed container which is filled with an electroviscous liquid and has electrodes for generating an electric field.
  • Figures 1 and 2 consistently show a contact system with the contact mechanism of a circuit breaker of higher nominal current.
  • the fixed main contact or the main contact is designated by 10, the movable main contact by 11.
  • This is in turn pivotally mounted in the switching lever 12 and is pressurized by the contact pressure spring 13 in the ON position.
  • the selector shaft 14 is rotatably mounted in the housing, not shown, and has a conventional clamp 15, which is fixed on the selector shaft 14 and is connected to a coupling rod 16, which in turn moves the shift lever 12.
  • control shaft 14 has a stuck driving lever 18 (sometimes called a crank) which is connected to the lock mechanism.
  • the lock mechanism includes in particular the knee joint consisting of the same parts 19a and 19b, the roller lever 20 with rotatably attached roller 20a and the ratchet lever 21 which in the case of FIG. 2 is supported on the half shaft 22.
  • FIG. 2 shows a current sensor 30 and a trigger 31 electrically connected to it, which controls the level of the field strength and thus the degree of the viscosity of the liquid.
  • the parts essential to the invention now relate to the link 1, which acts directly or indirectly on a suitable point of the contact mechanism, in particular on the latch lever 21 (as shown in FIG. 1) or on the selector shaft 14 (as shown in FIG. 2).
  • the member 1 comprises a piston 1 with overflow openings, which extends into a closed container 2, which in turn is filled with an electroviscous liquid 3.
  • the electrodes can be divided, for example, in the axial direction as the upper and lower electrodes 4a and 4b in the case of FIG. 1. Likewise, a half-shell division is easy to implement, as indicated in FIG.
  • Figure 1 shows the latched position ON. If triggering is now to take place for the purpose of opening the contact system, be it by means of a protective release or by specific operational control signals, the voltage at the electrodes 4a, 4b is switched off. This means that the lifting cylinder 1 locked in the ON position by the solidified electroviscous liquid 3 is released and moves downwards under the action of the contact forces (including spring 13) or, in the case shown, dips deeper into the container.
  • the ratchet lever 21 releases the roller 20a and the roller lever 20 moves counterclockwise in such a way that the knee joint 19a, 19b is brought into the unstable position via the extended dead center.
  • the driving lever 18 together with the switching shaft 14 thus rotates counterclockwise under the pressure of the contact system and opens the movable main contact piece 11 via the coupling rod 16 and the switching lever 12.
  • the rebound lock according to the invention serves to prevent this undesirable rebound process. If the current to be switched off, in particular a short-circuit current, reaches the order of magnitude that is critical to bounce, the sensor 30 automatically detects this order of magnitude and acts on the electrodes 4a, 4b via the trigger 31 in such a way that the viscosity of the liquid 3 increases to the extent that the movement of the link 1 or of the lifting cylinder 1 in the liquid 3 is correspondingly strongly damped, if necessary until complete blocking in the region of the end position of the cylinder 1a corresponding to the OFF position. The feared rebound is thus reliably prevented.
  • controllable viscosity and thus damping which can be controlled electronically directly until locked; Suitability for the inexpensive expansion of existing electronic protection modules.
  • the container 2 and the reciprocating piston 1 immersed therein can be designed in different ways, in particular the arrangement of the electrodes.
  • the electrodes can be divided, for example, in a radial or axial respect.
  • the overflow openings of the piston 1a can be formed in a conventional manner. This applies to the design in general, the sealing against the member 1 and the isolation of the electrodes from each other and to the outside.
  • a membrane can be provided at the end in the container 3, which delimits a compressed air cushion 5 from the electroviscous liquid. In the case of complete solidification of the liquid 3, this compressed air cushion 5 is intended to dampen the mechanical shock pulses and thus reduce the wear on the parts concerned.
  • the two electrodes 4a and 4b can be arranged on both sides of the overflow openings in the piston 1a such that even when a small one is applied Field strength, the viscosity change only takes place in the area of the overflow openings and thus the damping of the piston is very precisely effective.

Abstract

An electrical switching device has a detachable latching device, comprising a plurality of elements, for opening or closing the electrical contact system. According to the invention, at least one element (1) of the latching device extends directly or by means of a hinged additional element into a closed container (2). The latter is filled with an electroviscous fluid (3), whose viscosity is influenced by electrodes (4a, 4b) generating an electric field. The two examples show a switching mechanism, having electronic latching, and a bounce suppressor. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Schaltgerät mit einer lösbaren, mehrere Glieder umfassenden Verklinkungseinrichtung für das Öffnen oder Schliessen des elektrischen Kontaktsystems, wobei mindestens ein Glied kurzzeitig in einer vorgegebenen Position arretierbar oder aus dieser lösbar ist.The invention relates to an electrical switching device with a detachable latching device comprising a plurality of links for opening or closing the electrical contact system, at least one link being lockable for a short time in a predetermined position or being detachable therefrom.

Bei elektrischen Schaltgeräten einschließlich Schützen sind die vorgenannten Glieder wichtig, um Öffnungs- oder Schließvorgänge durchzuführen und definierte Ein- oder Aus-Betriebszustände zu erreichen. So weisen solche Geräte beispielsweise ein mechanisches Arretierglied für das Schaltschloß auf, zum Beispiel in Form einer Halbwelle. Weiterhin sind zur Abbremsung der beim Ausschaltvorgang bewegten Glieder beziehungsweise deren Massen Dämpfungsglieder notwendig sowie geeignete Sperren, um das Rückprellen und damit das unerwünschte kurzzeitige erneute Schließen zu verhindern. Schließlich sind Arretierglieder notwendiger Bestandteil für Hilfsauslösereinrichtungen wie beispielsweise Unterspannungsauslöser. Schließlich geht es bei Schützen um eine Arretierung des Betriebszustandes, was bisher durch eine Leistungsspule geschieht, die während der gesamten Betriebsdauer eine relativ hohe Leistung aufnimmt, wobei gegebenenfalls zwei Schütze gegenseitig mechanisch verklinkt sein können, um deren gleichzeitigen Betrieb auszuschließen.In the case of electrical switching devices including contactors, the aforementioned elements are important in order to carry out opening or closing processes and to achieve defined on or off operating states. Such devices have, for example, a mechanical locking element for the switch lock, for example in the form of a half-wave. Furthermore, damping elements are necessary for braking the elements moving during the switching-off process or their masses, as well as suitable locks, in order to prevent the rebounding and thus the undesired momentary closing again. Finally, locking members are a necessary component for auxiliary release devices such as undervoltage releases. Finally, it is a matter of locking the operating state, which has hitherto been done by a power coil that consumes a relatively high power during the entire operating time, it being possible for two contactors to be mechanically latched to one another in order to preclude their simultaneous operation.

In allen vorgenannten Fällen sind also geeignete Arretier- oder Dämpfungsglieder erforderlich, die bisher in folgenden Punkten unbefriedigend waren: Der Hauptnachteil ist der zeitlich zu langsame Bewegungsablauf der mechanischen Teile. Die sich in engen Grenzen bewegende Lageabhängigkeit der in Wirkverbindung stehenden Glieder beeinträchtigt die Zuverlässigkeit nachhaltig. Auch sind diese Glieder nicht elektronisch ansteuerbar, weil die bisherige mechanische Lösung einen weit höheren Leistungsbedarf für die Auslösung erfordert, als die Steuerelektronik liefern kann. Schließlich erfordert die bisherige Mechanik die Herstellung teurer und sehr präzise dimensionierter Glieder.In all of the above cases, suitable locking or damping elements are required, which were previously unsatisfactory in the following points: The main disadvantage is the movement of the mechanical parts that is too slow in time. The positional dependency of the elements in operative connection, which fluctuates within narrow limits, has a lasting effect on reliability. These links are also not electronically controllable because the previous mechanical solution requires a much higher power requirement for tripping than the control electronics can deliver. After all, the previous mechanics required the production of expensive and very precisely dimensioned links.

Ein Beispiel liefert der Gegenstand der deutschen Auslegeschrift 23 36 584 betreffend eine Rückprellsperre für ein Schaltgerät, deren Auslöser ab einer Kurzschlußstromhöhe von etwa 30 kA bis 50 kA ansprechen. Moderne Schalter haben heute aber Schaltvermögen bis über 100 kA, was bedeutet, daß dieser Bereich infolge der Prellgegebenheiten nur schwer zu beherrschen ist. Bei höheren Kurzschlußstromen besteht insbesondere das Problem, daß die Sperrfunktion nicht mehr mit Sicherheit gewährleistet ist, das heißt es besteht die Gefahr, daß der Schalter wieder schließt. Bisher ist keine Möglichkeit bekannt, die Prellverhältnisse auf die tatsächlich auftretende jeweilige Kurzschlußstromstärke abzustimmen. Der beispielhaft angegebene Bereich von 30 bis 100 kA ist zu breit, um mit herkömmlichen Mitteln optimal abgedeckt werden zu können.An example is provided by the subject of German design specification 23 36 584 relating to a rebound lock for a switching device, the triggers of which respond from a short-circuit current level of approximately 30 kA to 50 kA. However, modern switches today have switching capacities of up to 100 kA, which means that this area is difficult to control due to the bouncing conditions. At higher short-circuit currents there is in particular the problem that the blocking function can no longer be guaranteed with safety, that is to say there is a risk that the switch closes again. So far, no possibility is known of matching the bounce conditions to the respective short-circuit current that actually occurs. The range from 30 to 100 kA given by way of example is too wide to be optimally covered by conventional means.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, steuerbare Verklinkungen zu schaffen, als Sperren, Schaltschlösser, Verriegelungen und Dämpfungen für Schaltgeräte und Schütze sowie entsprechende Gerätekombinationen, welche an die jeweiligen Ansprechbedingungen des Verklinkungssystems optimal im Einzelfall anpaßbar sind.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating controllable latches, as locks, switch locks, interlocks and dampers for switching devices and contactors and corresponding device combinations which can be optimally adapted to the respective response conditions of the latching system in individual cases.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß sich wenigstens ein Glied der Verklinkungseinrichtung direkt oder vermittels eines angelenkten Zusatzgliedes in einen geschlossenen Behälter erstreckt, der mit einer elektroviskosen Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist und Elektroden zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes aufweist.This object is achieved in that at least one member of the latching device extends directly or by means of an articulated additional member into a closed container which is filled with an electroviscous liquid and has electrodes for generating an electric field.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Further preferred embodiments are characterized in the subclaims.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben, aus denen sich weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben.The invention is described below with reference to two exemplary embodiments, from which further features and advantages of the invention result.

In der zugehörigen Zeichnung zeigt:

  • Figur 1 das Schema eines Schaltschlosses mit elektronischer Verklinkung;
  • Figur 2 eine Rückprellsperre für ein Schaltgerät.
In the accompanying drawing:
  • 1 shows the diagram of a key switch with electronic latching;
  • Figure 2 shows a rebound lock for a switching device.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen übereinstimmend ein Kontaktsystem mit der Kontaktmechanik eines Leistungsschalters höherer Nennstromstärke. Im einzelnen ist der feststehende Hauptkontakt bzw. das Hauptschaltstück mit 10 bezeichnet, das bewegliche Hauptschaltstück mit 11. Dieses ist seinerseits im Schalthebel 12 schwenkbeweglich gelagert und wird von der Kontaktdruckfeder 13 in Stellung EIN mit Druck beaufschlagt. Die Schaltwelle 14 ist ortsfest im nicht dargestellten Gehäuse drehbar gelagert und weist eine übliche Schelle 15 auf, die auf der Schaltwelle 14 festsitzt und mit einer Koppelstange 16 verbunden ist, die ihrerseits den Schalthebel 12 bewegt.Figures 1 and 2 consistently show a contact system with the contact mechanism of a circuit breaker of higher nominal current. In detail, the fixed main contact or the main contact is designated by 10, the movable main contact by 11. This is in turn pivotally mounted in the switching lever 12 and is pressurized by the contact pressure spring 13 in the ON position. The selector shaft 14 is rotatably mounted in the housing, not shown, and has a conventional clamp 15, which is fixed on the selector shaft 14 and is connected to a coupling rod 16, which in turn moves the shift lever 12.

Weiterhin weist die Schaltwelle 14 einen festsitzenden Mitnahmehebel 18 auf (zuweilen Kurbel genannt), der mit der Schloßmechanik verbunden ist. Zur Schloßmechanik gehören insbesondere das aus den gleichen Teilen 19a und 19b bestehende Kniegelenk, der Rollenhebel 20 mit drehbeweglich angebrachter Rolle 20a sowie der Klinkenhebel 21, der sich im Falle der Figur 2 auf der Halbwelle 22 abstützt.Furthermore, the control shaft 14 has a stuck driving lever 18 (sometimes called a crank) which is connected to the lock mechanism. The lock mechanism includes in particular the knee joint consisting of the same parts 19a and 19b, the roller lever 20 with rotatably attached roller 20a and the ratchet lever 21 which in the case of FIG. 2 is supported on the half shaft 22.

Beide Figuren zeigen das Kontaktsystem und die zugehörige Schloßmechanik in der Stellung EIN, wobei sich die Anlenkstange 24 samt zugehörigem Umlenkhebel 25, welcher drehbeweglich auf der Umlenkwelle 26 gelagert ist und auf dem Anschlag 28 aufliegt, in einer definierten Position befinden. In der Stellung AUS liegt der Mitnahmehebel 18 am Anschlagpuffer 27.Both figures show the contact system and the associated lock mechanism in the ON position, the link rod 24 together with the associated deflection lever 25, which is rotatably mounted on the deflection shaft 26 and rests on the stop 28, in a defined position. In the OFF position, the driving lever 18 lies on the stop buffer 27.

Darüberhinaus zeigt die Figur 2 einen Stromsensor 30 und einen mit diesem elektrisch verbundenen Auslöser 31, welcher die Höhe der Feldstärke und somit das Maß der Viskosität der Flüssigkeit steuert.Furthermore, FIG. 2 shows a current sensor 30 and a trigger 31 electrically connected to it, which controls the level of the field strength and thus the degree of the viscosity of the liquid.

Die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Teile betreffen nun das Glied 1, das direkt oder indirekt an geeigneter Stelle der Kontaktmechanik angreift, insbesondere am Klinkenhebel 21 (wie in Figur 1 gezeigt) oder an der Schaltwelle 14 (wie in Figur 2 gezeigt). Das Glied 1 umfaßt einen Kolben 1 mit Überströmöffnungen, der sich in einen geschlossenen Behälter 2 erstreckt, der seinerseits mit einer elektroviskosen Flüssigkeit 3 gefüllt ist. Die Elektroden können beispielsweise in axialer Richtung aufgeteilt sein als obere und untere Elektrode 4a und 4b im Falle Figur 1. Ebenso ist eine halbschalige Aufteilung leicht zu verwirklichen, wie in Figur 2 angedeutet.The parts essential to the invention now relate to the link 1, which acts directly or indirectly on a suitable point of the contact mechanism, in particular on the latch lever 21 (as shown in FIG. 1) or on the selector shaft 14 (as shown in FIG. 2). The member 1 comprises a piston 1 with overflow openings, which extends into a closed container 2, which in turn is filled with an electroviscous liquid 3. The electrodes can be divided, for example, in the axial direction as the upper and lower electrodes 4a and 4b in the case of FIG. 1. Likewise, a half-shell division is easy to implement, as indicated in FIG.

Im folgenden wird die Funktion näher erläutert, zunächst im Falle eines Schaltschlosses mit elektronischer Verklinkung gemäß Figur 1.The function is explained in more detail below, initially in the case of a switch lock with electronic latching according to FIG. 1.

Figur 1 zeigt die verklinkte Stellung EIN. Wenn nun eine Auslösung zum Zwecke der Öffnung des Kontaktsystems erfolgen soll, sei es durch Schutzauslöser, sei es durch gezielte betriebliche Steuersignale, wird die Spannung an den Elektroden 4a,4b abgeschaltet. Dies bedeutet, daß der in Stellung EIN durch die erstarrte elektroviskose Flüssigkeit 3 arretierte Hubzylinder 1 freigegeben wird und unter der Wirkung der Kontaktkräfte (einschließlich Feder 13) sich nach unten wegbewegt bzw. im Falle der Darstellung tiefer in den Behälter eintaucht. Damit gibt der Klinkenhebel 21 die Rolle 20a frei und der Rollenhebel 20 verschiebt sich im Gegenuhrzeigersinn derart, daß das Kniegelenk 19a,19b über den gestreckten Totpunkt in die instabile Lage gebracht wird. Damit dreht sich der Mitnahmehebel 18 samt Schaltwelle 14 unter dem Druck des Kontaktsystems im Gegenuhrzeigersinn und öffnet über die Koppelstange 16 und den Schalthebel 12 das bewegliche Hauptschaltstück 11.Figure 1 shows the latched position ON. If triggering is now to take place for the purpose of opening the contact system, be it by means of a protective release or by specific operational control signals, the voltage at the electrodes 4a, 4b is switched off. This means that the lifting cylinder 1 locked in the ON position by the solidified electroviscous liquid 3 is released and moves downwards under the action of the contact forces (including spring 13) or, in the case shown, dips deeper into the container. Thus, the ratchet lever 21 releases the roller 20a and the roller lever 20 moves counterclockwise in such a way that the knee joint 19a, 19b is brought into the unstable position via the extended dead center. The driving lever 18 together with the switching shaft 14 thus rotates counterclockwise under the pressure of the contact system and opens the movable main contact piece 11 via the coupling rod 16 and the switching lever 12.

Die geschilderte Bewegung endet, indem der Mitnahmehebel 18 an den elastischen Anschlagpuffer 27 zur Anlage kommt entsprechend der Stellung AUS.The movement described ends when the driving lever 18 comes to rest against the elastic stop buffer 27 in accordance with the OFF position.

Der Hauptvorteil des Ersatzes üblicher Verklinkungsglieder, insbesondere der in Figur 2 gezeigten Halbwelle, durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung gemäß Figur 1 besteht darin, daß diese neue Verklinkungseinrichtung elektronisch ansteuerbar ist. Die damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Vorteile wurden bereits oben genannt.The main advantage of replacing conventional latching elements, in particular the half-wave shown in FIG. 2, by the arrangement according to the invention according to FIG. 1 is that this new latching device can be controlled electronically. The associated advantages have already been mentioned above.

Im folgenden wird die Funktion der erfindungsgemäßen Rückprellsperre in Verbindung mit Figur 2 näher erläutert.The function of the rebound barrier according to the invention is explained in more detail below in conjunction with FIG. 2.

Hier ist der Fall interessant, daß die Auslösung bei höheren, prellkritischen Strömen erfolgt. Dies bedeutet, daß entsprechend höhere elektrodynamische Kräfte im System auftreten und sich beschleunigend auf die Ausschaltbewegung einschließlich Drehung der Schaltwelle etc. auswirken. Dabei erfolgt der Anschlag des Mitnahmehebels 18 am Anschlagpuffer 27 relativ heftig und kann die unerwünschte Folge haben, daß Rückstoßkräfte von solcher Größenordnung auftreten, daß sich die Bewegung der Schaltwelle 14 und der Koppelstange 16 umkehren, womit der Schalthebel 12 nach links im Bild zurückschwenkt in die Nachbarschaft des Hauptschaltstückes 10. Da sich in dessen Bereich noch ionisierte Gase befinden, besteht die erhebliche Gefahr einer Rückzündung.It is interesting here that the triggering takes place at higher, impact-critical currents. This means that correspondingly higher electrodynamic forces occur in the system and have an accelerating effect on the opening movement, including rotation of the selector shaft, etc. The stop of the driving lever 18 on the stop buffer 27 is relatively violent and can have the undesirable consequence that recoil forces of such magnitude occur that the movement of the selector shaft 14 and the coupling rod 16 are reversed, so that the shift lever 12 swings back to the left in the picture Neighboring the main contact piece 10. Since there are still ionized gases in its area, there is a considerable risk of reignition.

Um diesen unerwünschten Rückprellvorgang zu verhindern, dient die erfindungsgemäße Rückprellsperre. Erreicht der abzuschaltende Strom, insbesondere ein Kurzschlußstrom, die Größenordnung, die prellkritisch ist, so erfaßt der Sensor 30 automatisch diese Größenordnung und beaufschlagt über den Auslöser 31 die Elektroden 4a,4b derart, daß die Zähigkeit der Flüssigkeit 3 sich in dem Maße erhöht, daß die Bewegung des Gliedes 1 bzw. des Hubzylinders 1 in der Flüssigkeit 3 entsprechend stark gedämpft wird, gegebenenfalls bis zur vollständigen Blockierung im Bereich der der Stellung AUS entsprechenden Endposition des Zylinders 1a. Damit ist die gefürchtete Rückprellung zuverlässig unterbunden.The rebound lock according to the invention serves to prevent this undesirable rebound process. If the current to be switched off, in particular a short-circuit current, reaches the order of magnitude that is critical to bounce, the sensor 30 automatically detects this order of magnitude and acts on the electrodes 4a, 4b via the trigger 31 in such a way that the viscosity of the liquid 3 increases to the extent that the movement of the link 1 or of the lifting cylinder 1 in the liquid 3 is correspondingly strongly damped, if necessary until complete blocking in the region of the end position of the cylinder 1a corresponding to the OFF position. The feared rebound is thus reliably prevented.

Gegenüber bekannten mechanischen Rückprellsperren bestehen folgende großen Vorteile: steuerbare Viskosität und damit Dämpfung, die bis zur Arretierung direkt elektronisch ansteuerbar ist; Eignung für die kostengünstige Erweiterung schon vorhandener Elektronik-Schutzbausteine.Compared to known mechanical rebound locks, there are the following major advantages: controllable viscosity and thus damping, which can be controlled electronically directly until locked; Suitability for the inexpensive expansion of existing electronic protection modules.

Die Ausbildung des Behälters 2 und des darin eintauchenden Hubkolbens 1 kann in unterschiedlicher Art erfolgen, insbesondere der Anordnung der Elektroden. Die Aufteilung der Elektroden kann, wie bereits genannt, beispielsweise in radialer oder axialer Hinsicht erfolgen. Die Überströmöffnungen des Kolbens 1a können in herkömmlicher Weise ausgebildet sein. Dies gilt für die Gestaltung allgemein, die Abdichtung gegenüber dem Glied 1 und die Isolierung der Elektroden voneinander und nach außen. Bei einer besonderen Ausführungsform kann endseitig im Behälter 3 eine Membran vorgesehen sein, welche ein Druckluftpolster 5 gegen die elektroviskose Flüssigkeit abgrenzt. Dieses Druckluftpolster 5 soll im Falle der völligen Erstarrung der Flüssigkeit 3 die mechanischen Stoßimpulse dämpfen und damit den Verschleiß der betroffenen Teile vermindern.The container 2 and the reciprocating piston 1 immersed therein can be designed in different ways, in particular the arrangement of the electrodes. As already mentioned, the electrodes can be divided, for example, in a radial or axial respect. The overflow openings of the piston 1a can be formed in a conventional manner. This applies to the design in general, the sealing against the member 1 and the isolation of the electrodes from each other and to the outside. In a special embodiment, a membrane can be provided at the end in the container 3, which delimits a compressed air cushion 5 from the electroviscous liquid. In the case of complete solidification of the liquid 3, this compressed air cushion 5 is intended to dampen the mechanical shock pulses and thus reduce the wear on the parts concerned.

Bei einer bevorzugten Bauform können die beiden Elektroden 4a und 4b beidseitig von den ÜBerströmöffnungen im Kolben 1a derart angeordnet werden, daß bereits beim Anlegen einer geringen Feldstärke die Viskositätsänderung nur im Bereich der Überstromoffnungen erfolgt und somit die Dämpfung des Kolbens sehr präzise wirksam wird.In a preferred design, the two electrodes 4a and 4b can be arranged on both sides of the overflow openings in the piston 1a such that even when a small one is applied Field strength, the viscosity change only takes place in the area of the overflow openings and thus the damping of the piston is very precisely effective.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

  • 1 Glied1 link
  • 1 a Kolben1 a piston
  • 2 Behälter2 containers
  • 3 Flüssigkeit3 liquid
  • 4a, 4b zusammenwirkende Elektroden4a, 4b interacting electrodes
  • 5 Luftpolster5 air cushions
  • 10 feststehendes Hauptschaltstück (Hauptkontakt)10 fixed main contact (main contact)
  • 11 bewegliches Hauptschaltstück11 movable main contact
  • 12 Schalthebel, in dem Teil 11 gelagert ist 13 Kontaktdruckfeder12 shift lever, in which part 11 is mounted 13 contact pressure spring
  • 14 Schaltwelle,ortsfest im Gehäuse drehbar gelagert14 selector shaft, rotatably mounted in the housing
  • 15 Schelle, sitzt fest auf Schaltwelle 1415 clamp, sits firmly on selector shaft 14
  • 16 Koppelstange, beaufschlagt Schalthebel 1216 coupling rod, acts on shift lever 12
  • 18 Mitnahmehebel (meist Kurbel genannt), sitzt fest auf Schaltwelle 1418 Driving lever (usually called crank), sits firmly on selector shaft 14
  • 19a,19b Kniegelenk19a, 19b knee joint
  • 20 Rollenhebel20 roller levers
  • 20a drehbeweglich am Rollenhebel 20 angebrachte Rolle20a rotatably attached to the roller lever 20 roller
  • 21 Klinkenhebel21 ratchet lever
  • 22 Halbwelle22 half wave
  • 24 Anlenkstange24 link rod
  • 25 Umlenkhebel25 bellcranks
  • 26 Umlenkwelle26 deflection shaft
  • 27 Anschlagpuffer für Teil 18 in Stellung AUS27 Stop buffer for part 18 in the OFF position
  • 28 Anschlag für Teil 25 in Stellung EIN28 Stop for part 25 in the ON position
  • 30 Stromsensor30 current sensor
  • 31 Auslöser31 triggers

Claims (8)

1. Elektrisches Schaltgerät mit einer lösbaren, mehrere Glieder umfassenden Verklinkungseinrichtung für das Öffnen oder Schliessen des elektrischen Kontaktsystems, wobei mindestens ein Glied kurzzeitig in einer vorgegebenen Position arretierbar oder aus dieser lösbar ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sich dieses Glied (1) direkt oder vermittels eines angelenkten Zusatzgliedes in einen geschlossenen Behälter (2) erstreckt, der mit einer elektroviskosen Flüssigkeit (3) gefüllt ist und Elektroden (4a,4b) zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes aufweist1. Electrical switching device with a detachable latching device comprising a plurality of links for opening or closing the electrical contact system, at least one link being lockable for a short time in a predetermined position or detachable therefrom,
characterized,
that this member (1) extends directly or by means of an articulated additional member into a closed container (2) which is filled with an electroviscous liquid (3) and has electrodes (4a, 4b) for generating an electric field 2. Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Glied (1) als Dämpfungsglied in den Behälter (2) erstreckt, der eine Flüssigkeit enthält, deren Viskosität mittels der Feldstärke des angelegten elektrischen Feldes steuerbar ist.2. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the member (1) extends as an attenuator in the container (2) which contains a liquid whose viscosity can be controlled by means of the field strength of the applied electric field. 3. Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Glied (1) als Sperrglied in den Behälter (2) erstreckt und dieser mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist, die sich durch Erhöhung der Feldstärke in weniger als 2 ms verfestigt und umgekehrt, bei Erniedrigung der Feldstärke, ebenso rasch reversibel verflüssigt.3. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the member (1) extends as a blocking member in the container (2) and this is filled with a liquid which solidifies in less than 2 ms by increasing the field strength and vice versa, at Lowering of the field strength, just as quickly reversibly liquefied. 4. Schaltgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß elektronische Auslöser (31) vorhanden sind, deren Sensoren (30) die Stromhöhe erfassen und im prellkritischen Bereich die Erhöhung der Feldstärke bewerkstelligen.4. Switching device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that electronic triggers (31) are present, the sensors (30) detect the current level and bring about an increase in the field strength in the bounce-critical area. 5. Schaltgerät nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (2) aus zwei voneinander isolierten Halbschalen besteht, die als Elektroden (4a,4b) ausgebildet sind.5. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (2) consists of two mutually insulated half-shells which are designed as electrodes (4a, 4b). 6. Schaltgerät nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das eintauchende Glied (1) kolbenförmig ausgebildet ist.6. Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the immersing member (1) is piston-shaped. 7. Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kolben (1 a) Durchbrüche aufweist zum Durchtritt der elektroviskosen Flüssigkeit.7. Switching device according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston (1 a) has openings for the passage of the electroviscous liquid. 8. Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektroden (4a, 4b) im Bereich der Kolbendurchbrüche (Überströmöffnungen) angeordnet sind.8. Switching device according to claim 7, characterized in that the electrodes (4a, 4b) are arranged in the region of the piston openings (overflow openings).
EP91111390A 1990-07-26 1991-07-09 Electrical switching device Expired - Lifetime EP0468272B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4023740 1990-07-26
DE4023740A DE4023740C2 (en) 1990-07-26 1990-07-26 Switch drive

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0468272A2 true EP0468272A2 (en) 1992-01-29
EP0468272A3 EP0468272A3 (en) 1992-12-30
EP0468272B1 EP0468272B1 (en) 1996-01-10

Family

ID=6411047

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91111390A Expired - Lifetime EP0468272B1 (en) 1990-07-26 1991-07-09 Electrical switching device

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0468272B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4023740C2 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018036737A1 (en) * 2016-08-22 2018-03-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for switching medium and/or high voltages, comprising specific drive characteristics

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4446664C1 (en) * 1994-12-16 1996-03-07 Siemens Ag Spring drive for electric load switch
DE10061164C1 (en) * 2000-11-30 2002-08-22 Siemens Ag switch drive
DE102004061281A1 (en) * 2004-12-14 2006-06-29 Siemens Ag Switching device increased isolation switching resistance has passive damping cylinder connected to pawl or at least one movable element for damping movement of pawl

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DE334793C (en) * 1919-12-28 1921-03-19 Wilhelm Schrader Dipl Ing Relay for automatic overcurrent switch
GB696221A (en) * 1950-07-31 1953-08-26 Dorman & Smith Ltd Improvements in and relating to electro-magnetic time delay tripping units
GB846462A (en) * 1956-01-11 1960-08-31 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to delayed tripping mechanisms for electric switchgear
US4790522A (en) * 1988-02-25 1988-12-13 Trw Inc. Electroviscous fluid control device

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DE2552257C3 (en) * 1975-11-21 1979-01-18 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Circuit breaker
DE3631107A1 (en) * 1986-09-12 1988-03-24 Bilstein August Gmbh Co Kg Variable shock absorber, particularly for motor vehicles
DE3709447A1 (en) * 1987-03-23 1988-10-13 Bilstein August Gmbh Co Kg Controllable shock absorber, particularly for motor vehicles

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DE334793C (en) * 1919-12-28 1921-03-19 Wilhelm Schrader Dipl Ing Relay for automatic overcurrent switch
GB696221A (en) * 1950-07-31 1953-08-26 Dorman & Smith Ltd Improvements in and relating to electro-magnetic time delay tripping units
GB846462A (en) * 1956-01-11 1960-08-31 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to delayed tripping mechanisms for electric switchgear
US4790522A (en) * 1988-02-25 1988-12-13 Trw Inc. Electroviscous fluid control device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018036737A1 (en) * 2016-08-22 2018-03-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for switching medium and/or high voltages, comprising specific drive characteristics
CN109643618A (en) * 2016-08-22 2019-04-16 西门子股份公司 With specific driving feature for the device and method of pressure and/or high pressure in switching
US20190189367A1 (en) * 2016-08-22 2019-06-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and Method for Switching Medium and/or High Voltages With a Specific Drive Characteristic
US10886076B2 (en) * 2016-08-22 2021-01-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for switching medium and/or high voltages with a specific drive characteristic

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0468272B1 (en) 1996-01-10
DE4023740A1 (en) 1992-02-06
DE59107235D1 (en) 1996-02-22
DE4023740C2 (en) 1994-06-09
EP0468272A3 (en) 1992-12-30

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