EP0463204A1 - Abroll-Farbenwechselvorrichtung zum Wechseln von Primärfarben - Google Patents

Abroll-Farbenwechselvorrichtung zum Wechseln von Primärfarben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463204A1
EP0463204A1 EP90112077A EP90112077A EP0463204A1 EP 0463204 A1 EP0463204 A1 EP 0463204A1 EP 90112077 A EP90112077 A EP 90112077A EP 90112077 A EP90112077 A EP 90112077A EP 0463204 A1 EP0463204 A1 EP 0463204A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
hue
filtering material
color
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90112077A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Brian E. Richardson
John R. Richardson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Morpheus Lights Inc
Original Assignee
Morpheus Lights Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to AU57193/90A priority Critical patent/AU642146B2/en
Application filed by Morpheus Lights Inc filed Critical Morpheus Lights Inc
Priority to EP90112077A priority patent/EP0463204A1/de
Publication of EP0463204A1 publication Critical patent/EP0463204A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V14/00—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
    • F21V14/006—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by means of optical elements, e.g. films, filters or screens, being rolled up around a roller
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/40—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters with provision for controlling spectral properties, e.g. colour, or intensity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
    • F21W2131/406—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use for theatres, stages or film studios

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to light filters, and more particularly to variable color filters used in spotlight projectors.
  • Theatrical productions make wide use of colored spotlight projectors.
  • Such spotlights typically project beams of white light through filter substrates dyed with filtering media of selected color hues and saturations. Two or three different colors of light as components with proportioned brightnesses can be combined to yield intermediate hues and saturations of color.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,535,394 by Dugre can vary the color of light in a beam by adjusting the brightnesses of three individual sources of additive primary color component beams and then joining the component beams through a system of dichroic mirrors.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,818,216 by Larraburu can vary the color of light in a beam formed by joining three additive primary color component beams whose intensities are adjusted with continuous gray-scale filters. The component beams are derived by splitting a beam of white light from a single source.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,416,919 by Gold- smith for a television camera adjusts three component beam intensities with graded primary additive color filters.
  • U.S. Patents No. 4,459,014 by Thebault, No. 4,600,976 by Callahan, and No. 4,745,531 by Leclercq describe variable color light projecting systems each using three color filter plates having solid areas of respective subtractive primary colors which are insertable one or more at a time to filter proportioned brightnesses of corresponding color components from white light in proportional subareas of a beam.
  • the filtered areas of each hue and the remaining unfiltered areas of white light are unevenly distributed across the field of the downstream beam, and need to be commingled by an inefficient light-dispersing diffuser.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,260,152 by Aston enables color printers to balance print-developing light colors by using three continuous wedge filters of varying densities of respective primary subtractive hue dyes preferably formed on 35 mm film substrates. Aston focuses light through a small area of the film for approximately uniform density filtering.
  • photographic film absorbs heat and could not, in small areas, filter the quantities of light required for stage lighting.
  • photographic dye gradients are difficult to reproduce consistently as is required between possibly adjacent stage lights, and the photographic dye grading technique is not readily extendable to gelatin-type substrates. See U.S. Patent No. 3,943,019 by Krekeler.
  • Conventional scrolling color changers can provide only a finite number, on the order of up to several dozen, predetermined color hues and/or saturations. Further, conventional scrolling color changers are obliged either to pass through any intervening color frames in accessing non- adjacent color frames, or else to black-out.
  • Another objective is to provide means for projecting a beam of light colored to practically any desired hue and saturation, with adjustable brightness.
  • a further objective is to provide a scrolling color changer capable of cross-fading along any selected path between any two selected hues and/or saturations of light color.
  • An additional objective is to provide a light projector capable of "bumping" from any saturated hue directly to unsaturated white or black and subsequently directly to any other hue.
  • a preferred embodiment of a color changer according to the present invention comprises a component hue saturation filter including an elongated flexible substrate having a surface with a gradient axis and which includes a saturate end portion supporting a selected hue filtering material distributed in a uniform concentration region adjacent one end of a gradient axis; a transparent end portion excluding the filtering material in a clear region adjacent the opposite end of the gradient axis; and, along the gradient axis between the end portions, a graded portion, preferably a patterned portion comprising a connected region-portion having multiple interstices occupied by a disjoint region-portion of discrete regions covering successively varying proportions of areas around successive points along the gradient axis, either one of the pattern portions supporting the uniform concentration of the selected hue filtering material so that the filtering material has a continuously graded average density in areas in the pattern.
  • the component hue saturation filters may be embodied in three separate substrates positionable in parallel planes to be intersected serially be a beam of light. Alternately, since usually only two primary hues are combined to produce any desired intermediate hue, two primary hue component filters may be embodied in first surface zones of a pair of substrates each also having a second surface zone duplicating a third primary hue component filter. The pair of dual-hue component saturation filters are capable of producing the same variable color effects.
  • the invention has the advantage that saturations of each selected hue of light appear evenly distributed in the output beam without the need for color components to be commingled by a diffuser or other complex beam-joining system.
  • Color changers of the present invention in preferred embodiments are typically used in a spotlight projector 15 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • bracket 16 When mounted on a suitable base (not shown), bracket 16 suspends casing 17 which encloses an adjustable intensity light source 18.
  • source 18 When energized, source 18 projects broad-band (white) light along optical axis OA through color changer 20 housing 22 and out port 24 in a beam occupying circular area 26.
  • a first embodiment of color changer 20 comprises for each of the selected (preferably the three primary subtractive, i.e., yellow, cyan and magenta) hues, a respective color component saturation filter such as 30Y, 30C or 30M.
  • Each color component saturation filter 30 preferably comprises an elongated flexible substrate 32Y, 32C or 32M which has lengthwise opposite ends 34L and 34R wound scroll-like onto a respective pair of right and left spindles 35YL and 35YR, 35CL and 35CR, or 35ML and 35MR.
  • Spindles 35 are typically journaled on bearings (not shown) in holes through color changer base plate 36.
  • the pairs of spindles 35 end in pulleys 38YL and 38YR, 38CL and 38CR, or 38ML and 38MR beneath base plate 36 as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the pairs of spindles 35 are reversibly rotatable by corresponding drive mechanisms respectively including belts YB, CB and MB which are guided around idler wheels 40 held taut by rollers 42 on arms 44 loaded by springs (not shown), and which engage drive pulleys YD, CD or MD.
  • the drive pulleys are controllably rotated by suitable motors, preferably DC servo motors or alternately stepper motors, not shown.
  • the component saturation filter scroll substrates 32 are independently translatable across light passing along optical axis OA in a beam in area 26.
  • Scroll spindle 35 rotations are preferably monitored by digital encoders (not shown), or alternately by potentiometers, which feed angular position signals back to a suitable external control system (not shown) for activating the drive mechanisms and/or other possible functions of spotlight projector 15.
  • a component color saturation filter 30 preferably comprises an elongated (at least twice as long as its width, which is wider than the diameter of the beam 26 of light, for example 57 inches long by 8.5 inches wide by 3/1000 of an inch thick), flexible substrate 32 of for example polyester.
  • substrate 32 has, at right end 34R a "saturate" portion S supporting the selected hue filtering material 50, which may be a conventional "gel” type material, in a uniform concentration distribution region "(1) or (4) or (14)" at least as large as the light beam area 26.
  • Saturate portion S is adjacent a graded mid-portion G which begins at one end of a saturation gradient axis GA and which, in this first embodiment, is a patterned portion P with the same filtering material 50 concentration distributed uniformly in a connected region portion 56, except for not being distributed in a plurality of discrete regions 60 comprising a disjoint portion of patterned portion P.
  • Discrete regions 60 occupy an essentially continuously graded proportion of, and exclude a graded average density of filtering material 50 from, successive beam-size areas such as area "-(2) or (6) or (10)" around successive points along the length of gradient axis GA across patterned portion P.
  • substrate 32 left end 34L has a transparent portion T without hue filtering material (50) in a transparent region(3)which may be in the form of a clear tape window W spliced onto, or a larger hole through, substrate 32.
  • Fig. 5 shows a component saturation filter 30 in a second embodiment 65 comprising successive pattern portions PH and PL, each resembling pattern portion P of component filter 46 as shown in Fig. 4, with the difference that pattern portion PH has a uniform heavy concentration of the selected hue filtering material 50 (except in discrete regions 60) and pattern portion PL has a uniform light concentration of the selected hue filtering material 50 (except in discrete regions 60).
  • the heavy and light concentrations of filtering material 50 and the respective discrete region 60 densities in the two pattern portions are balanced to provide, across pattern portion inter-boundary 67, a continuous average filtering material 50 density distribution in areas (such as areas (2) or (6) or (14)) around successive points along gradient axis GA.
  • Fig. 6 shows a component saturation filter in a third embodiment 66 wherein, instead of color saturation being varied by the density of a pattern of filtering material, the graded portion comprises successive panel regions P1, P2, P3,..., Pn each having successively lighter uniform concentrations of the same selected hue filtering material 50.
  • Fig. 7 is a color triangle representing how, disregarding brightness, the average density gradient of a selected hue filtering material 50 starting from being uninterrupted at saturate portion S, through having a decreasing average density distribution across the graded portion G (either Fig. 4 pattern portion P or Fig. 5 pattern portions PH and PL or Fig. 6 graded portion panels P1 through Pn), to being eliminated at transparent portion T in the present invention corresponds to the color saturation gradient of filtered light starting from fully saturated at the corresponding point (1) or (4) or (14) of the selected hue on the Fig. 7 color triangle and de-saturating through pastels along a saturation gradient line to white light point W in the middle of the color triangle.
  • a component saturation filter 30 saturate portion S subtracts from white light the most rays of complementary hue components.
  • filter 30 When translated lengthwise along its gradient axis GA through its graded average density mid-portion, filter 30 will subtract declining-proportions of rays of complementary hues.
  • the transparent portion T Translated beyond the gradient axis GA left end, the transparent portion T does not discriminately subtract rays of any component hue from the broadband (white) light source.
  • the color of the filtered eight de-saturates towards white, its initially selected component hue remains constant.
  • a suitable external control system can be used to operate the drive mechanisms (not shown) independently, and preferably cooperatively, to translate the respective component filter scrolls 32Y, 32C and 32M in respective planes across a beam of light in order for selected areas of their surfaces to subtract respective complementary hues in proportions appropriate for the hue and saturation combination of a selected color.
  • White light filtered through, for example, yellow hue component filter substrate 32Y saturate portion S with yellow filtering material in a uniform concentration distribution region (1) transmits light having a yellow saturation corresponding to point "1" on the color triangle of Fig. 7.
  • Repositioning filter substrate 32Y so that white light passes through an area (3) of the transparent region W does not filter any hues differently and transmits unsaturated light corresponding to white light point "W.”
  • the light color can be gradually and selectively saturated towards any of the selected component hues by gradually translating the corresponding hue filter 30 so that increasing average density filtering material 50 areas subtract complementary rays proportionally from the beam.
  • the cyan filter 30C will transmit light increasingly saturated toward cyan, and ultimately, when interposing saturate cyan region (4), transmit a saturated color of light corresponding to point "4" on the color triangle.
  • Graded density filtering material 50 regions subtract proportional intensities of complementary hues as well when used together in series to intersect a beam of light.
  • the component hue filters 30Y, 30C and 30M each limit the complementary hue intensities apparent in the filtered downstream beam. For example, using the saturate yellow hue filtering material region (1) for subtracting non- yellow rays in series with the saturate cyan hue filtering material region (4) for subtracting non-cyan rays, the two component filters 30Y and 30C together pass only light of the wavelengths common to both yellow and cyan, i.e., light at the intermediate green hue point "5" (with less brightness than light passing through a single component filter) in the color triangle.
  • the green hue can be maintained constant while the saturation is decreased by coordinately translating the yellow and cyan filters 30Y and 30C by proportional distances along their respective gradient axes towards white point W.
  • the yellow filter 30Y patterned portion area (2) used in series with the cyan filter 30C patterned portion area (6) combine their component hue saturations at point "7" in the color triangle.
  • cyan filter 30C positioned at its medium average density point (6) used in series with yellow filter 30Y positioned at heavy average density point (1) combine along Fig. 7 line 6-1 and pass light the color of mid-point "8."
  • a line extending from white light point W through point 8 to side R-G of the color triangle indicates a greenish-yellow hue, which can likewise be maintained while the color saturation is varied by translating both the yellow and cyan filter substrates along their respective gradient axes cooperatively to keep their combined hue along line W-8.
  • any transition or path can be traced out by appropriately translating the component hue saturation filters. Transitions between complementary hues pass most directly through white point W. Alternately, a given color saturation can be maintained while the hue is changed by oppositely changing the saturations of the component hues.
  • Fig. 8 shows fourth embodiments of saturation filters in the form of dual hue component saturation filters 68a and 68b used in a second embodiment of a color changer (not shown, but like Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 changer 20 except with only two scroll drive mechanisms) according to the present invention.
  • Each dual hue component saturation filter 68 comprises an elongated flexible substrate having two surface zones which each have a gradient axis and include a first end saturate portion having a respective subtractive primary hue filtering material distributed in a generally uniform concentration at a first end of the gradient axis; a second end transparent portion not having filtering material at a second end of the gradient axis; and a graded portion formed between the end portions having the hue filtering material in a uniform concentration distribution such that the filtering material has a graded average density in beam-size areas around successive points along the gradient axis in the graded portion.
  • Each dual-hue component saturation filter has the two surface zones coupled at their second end portions.
  • the two dual-hue component saturation filters each have one of their surface zones with a common color hue.
  • a pair of dual-component saturation filters is able to filter light to the same hue and saturation points in the Fig. 7 color triangle.
  • color triangle point "7" can be produced by filtering white light along optical axis OA1 through yellow point 2 of dual component filter 68a in series with cyan point 6b of dual component filter 68b.
  • the Fig. 8 pair of dual hue component saturation filters is also able to perform transitions between any of the points in the Fig. 7 color triangle.
  • cyan-magenta filter 68b cyan zone point 6b stationarily intersects the beam of light
  • This point "9" color saturation can be maintained by a dual component color changer while switching from having axis OA2 intersecting the (unsaturated yellow) white W portion of filter 68a to having axis OA3 intersecting the white (unsaturated magenta) portion of filter 68b.
  • moving filter 68b decreases the saturation of cyan, the saturation is concurrently compensated as filter 68a moves toward its cyan zone point 6a and increases the saturation toward cyan.
  • filter 68b cyan zone point 6b is replaced by filter 68a cyan zone point 6a
  • the axis OA2-to-OA3 beam color hue and saturation combination remains at point "9" in the color triangle.
  • filter 68b After switching the common cyan filters at point 9, then, with filter 68a point 6a providing the selected saturation of cyan, filter 68b is translated from white (Fig. 7) point W along increasing magenta saturation gradient line W-14 so that point "10b" is intersected by the optical axis OA4. In this position, the two dual hue component saturation filters pass light having a hue and saturation combined along line 6-10 at point "11."
  • a dual-component filter-pair color changer can make a transition to color point "12" by leaving magenta filter 68b at point 10b while translating yellow filter 68a to point W, which passes light along an optical axis OA5 having a combined color hue and saturation point 12. Continuing this translation of filter 68a so that light along an axis OA6 is intersected by yellow point 2 will pass light having a combined color hue and saturation point "13.”
  • output beam brightness is preferably controllable independently of hue and saturation by adjusting the source 17 light output.
  • Beam brightness may be electrically dimmed to black, or alternately, the beam can be "bumped" quickly to black by moving all three filters' saturate regions (1) and (4) and (14) together to subtract rays of all hues of light.
  • thermal shift can be compensated for according to the present invention by computer-controlled positioning of a cyan hue gradient saturation filter across the dimming light.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)
EP90112077A 1990-06-15 1990-06-26 Abroll-Farbenwechselvorrichtung zum Wechseln von Primärfarben Withdrawn EP0463204A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU57193/90A AU642146B2 (en) 1990-06-15 1990-06-15 Scrolling primary colour changer
EP90112077A EP0463204A1 (de) 1990-06-15 1990-06-26 Abroll-Farbenwechselvorrichtung zum Wechseln von Primärfarben

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU57193/90A AU642146B2 (en) 1990-06-15 1990-06-15 Scrolling primary colour changer
EP90112077A EP0463204A1 (de) 1990-06-15 1990-06-26 Abroll-Farbenwechselvorrichtung zum Wechseln von Primärfarben

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EP90112077A Withdrawn EP0463204A1 (de) 1990-06-15 1990-06-26 Abroll-Farbenwechselvorrichtung zum Wechseln von Primärfarben

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0803679A1 (de) * 1996-04-25 1997-10-29 Medical Research Council Apparat zur Erzeugung eines gewünschten Farbtones
DE10048988C1 (de) * 2000-09-27 2002-02-28 Feddersen Clausen Oliver Subtraktives Farbmischsystem für Beleuchtung mit in der Farbsättigung abgestuften Farbmischelementen
US6623144B2 (en) 1991-04-30 2003-09-23 Genlyte Thomas Group Llc High intensity lighting projectors
WO2006127872A3 (en) * 2005-05-24 2007-05-24 Omnicolor L P Method and apparatus for controlling diffusion and color of a light beam
US8596824B2 (en) 2005-05-24 2013-12-03 Syncrolite, L.P. Method and apparatus for a scrollable modifier for a light fixture
US8721123B2 (en) 2008-01-18 2014-05-13 Syncrolite, Llc Pattern generator for a light fixture
US9731456B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-08-15 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Method of manufacturing a functionally graded article
EP3147695A4 (de) * 2014-05-23 2018-01-24 Guangzhou Haoyang Electronic Co., Ltd. Filter und cmy-farbmischkomponente mit dem filter sowie optisches system dafür
CN109283681A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-29 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种多层色膜叠加成色的变色材料体系及其颜色调节方法和应用
CN109581647A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-04-05 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 多膜层重叠成色的复合变色材料体系及其颜色调节方法和应用

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB629266A (en) * 1946-08-10 1949-09-15 James Eldred Skewes Improvements in colour filters and projection apparatus for using such filters
DE8802996U1 (de) * 1988-02-04 1988-06-09 Leica Industrieverwaltung Gmbh, 35578 Wetzlar Regelbare Beleuchtungseinrichtung zur gleichmäßigen Ausleuchtung eines Bildfeldes
DE8810217U1 (de) * 1988-08-11 1988-10-06 Clauß, Wolf, 8000 München Schweinwerfer mit Farbwechseleinrichtung
FR2631684A1 (fr) * 1988-05-20 1989-11-24 Leclercq Didier Dispositif de coloration de faisceau lumineux
EP0352755A2 (de) * 1988-07-26 1990-01-31 Morpheus Lights, Inc. Spektralfiltermodul

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4392187A (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-07-05 Vari-Lite, Ltd. Computer controlled lighting system having automatically variable position, color, intensity and beam divergence
US4602321A (en) * 1985-02-28 1986-07-22 Vari-Lite, Inc. Light source having automatically variable hue, saturation and beam divergence

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB629266A (en) * 1946-08-10 1949-09-15 James Eldred Skewes Improvements in colour filters and projection apparatus for using such filters
DE8802996U1 (de) * 1988-02-04 1988-06-09 Leica Industrieverwaltung Gmbh, 35578 Wetzlar Regelbare Beleuchtungseinrichtung zur gleichmäßigen Ausleuchtung eines Bildfeldes
FR2631684A1 (fr) * 1988-05-20 1989-11-24 Leclercq Didier Dispositif de coloration de faisceau lumineux
EP0352755A2 (de) * 1988-07-26 1990-01-31 Morpheus Lights, Inc. Spektralfiltermodul
DE8810217U1 (de) * 1988-08-11 1988-10-06 Clauß, Wolf, 8000 München Schweinwerfer mit Farbwechseleinrichtung

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6623144B2 (en) 1991-04-30 2003-09-23 Genlyte Thomas Group Llc High intensity lighting projectors
US6769792B1 (en) 1991-04-30 2004-08-03 Genlyte Thomas Group Llc High intensity lighting projectors
EP0803679A1 (de) * 1996-04-25 1997-10-29 Medical Research Council Apparat zur Erzeugung eines gewünschten Farbtones
DE10048988C1 (de) * 2000-09-27 2002-02-28 Feddersen Clausen Oliver Subtraktives Farbmischsystem für Beleuchtung mit in der Farbsättigung abgestuften Farbmischelementen
US8596824B2 (en) 2005-05-24 2013-12-03 Syncrolite, L.P. Method and apparatus for a scrollable modifier for a light fixture
AU2006249884B2 (en) * 2005-05-24 2011-12-15 Syncrolite, Llc Method and apparatus for controlling diffusion and color of a light beam
WO2006127872A3 (en) * 2005-05-24 2007-05-24 Omnicolor L P Method and apparatus for controlling diffusion and color of a light beam
US9243783B2 (en) 2005-05-24 2016-01-26 Syncrolite, Llc Method and apparatus for controlling diffusion and color of a light beam
US8721123B2 (en) 2008-01-18 2014-05-13 Syncrolite, Llc Pattern generator for a light fixture
US9731456B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-08-15 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Method of manufacturing a functionally graded article
EP3147695A4 (de) * 2014-05-23 2018-01-24 Guangzhou Haoyang Electronic Co., Ltd. Filter und cmy-farbmischkomponente mit dem filter sowie optisches system dafür
CN109283681A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-29 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种多层色膜叠加成色的变色材料体系及其颜色调节方法和应用
CN109581647A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-04-05 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 多膜层重叠成色的复合变色材料体系及其颜色调节方法和应用

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Publication number Publication date
AU5719390A (en) 1992-01-02
AU642146B2 (en) 1993-10-14

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