EP0462130A1 - Reducing station with safety operation in the negative direction. - Google Patents
Reducing station with safety operation in the negative direction.Info
- Publication number
- EP0462130A1 EP0462130A1 EP90903786A EP90903786A EP0462130A1 EP 0462130 A1 EP0462130 A1 EP 0462130A1 EP 90903786 A EP90903786 A EP 90903786A EP 90903786 A EP90903786 A EP 90903786A EP 0462130 A1 EP0462130 A1 EP 0462130A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- safety
- spindle
- section
- throttle body
- valve according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
- F01D17/145—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path by means of valves, e.g. for steam turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/16—Trip gear
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
- Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve
Definitions
- the invention relates to a reducing station with safety function in a negative direction of action for metering energy flows in the form of gases, vapors or water, in particular in thermal or industrial power plants.
- a safety valve in the sense of this application is understood to be a control valve with an additional safety function in the negative direction of action.
- a reduction station of the type mentioned is intended to do both Tasks, namely
- the invention is based on the object, starting from a generic reducing station, to design it in such a way that the safety function can be fulfilled with a very high degree of reliability.
- the task is to reliably protect the system systems following in the direction of flow from overpressure by securely closing the safety valve; to ensure this actuating function even in the event of a supply voltage failure, to increase the actuating speed of the safety valve in comparison to previous generic valves and to make the safety station having the new safety valve cheaper in terms of price than previous systems.
- valve spindle is divided into a throttle body-side, own medium-operable first spindle section and a drive-side, second spindle section, - that both spindle sections via a spring-elastic coupling and an optionally rigid or released Safety clutch are non-positively coupled
- the safety clutch is part of a safety line arranged in the bypass to the operating line, which, when a response pressure occurs that reaches or exceeds a permissible value on the outflow side of the safety valve, releases the safety clutch and thus the first spindle section for executing an own medium - And spring-loaded quick release of the throttle body releases.
- At least one additional safety strand provides a very high level of reliability for the safety draw, without the need to use relatively expensive and maintenance-intensive hydraulic systems.
- at least two safety strands are provided, with a safety lever designed in the manner of a seesaw. More than two safety lines can be used, e.g. three, so that a one-out-of-three triggering condition can be implemented.
- the invention therefore provides an operating line which has the power flow of the valve spindle and at least one additional safety line.
- the triggering of the safety stroke can - if several safety lines are implemented - be effected by each individual safety line, as already explained.
- the operating line essentially consists of the motorized actuator with spindle drive and the actuator.
- the additional, independent safety strands are arranged between the spindle nut and the actuator of the operating strand. They consist of safety spindles with lockable, non-self-locking thread stages and at least one preloaded spring. When braked, they form
- Safety strands a rigid connection between the second spindle section and the first spindle section of the operating line.
- the safety stroke is actuated by the medium and supported by spring force.
- the safety stroke is carried out via the safety strands by releasing the associated brakes on the spindle nuts of the non-self-locking thread stages of the safety strands.
- the security spindle shafts are secured against rotation by the force of the
- the safety lines work completely independently of each other. To safely close the actuator, simply release the brake on a safety line.
- the safety strands that can be braked, e.g. Ball screws are used or threaded spindles with a correspondingly larger pitch. It is also advantageous that the safety strands can also be checked below the safety pressure in certain operating cases.
- FIG. 1 shows a reducing station with an operating line and two safety lines in the closed position
- FIG. 2 shows the object according to FIG. 1 in the open position, the triggering position of the safety lever when one or both safety lines are triggered being additionally shown in dashed lines; 3 shows a top view from above with the housing walls largely omitted, the gear of the control drive and
- FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the so-called exploded view of the upper part of the reducing station according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with its control drive and a handwheel (this in a broken view).
- Figure 1 shows a reducing station for dosing
- the incoming or outgoing steam flow is indicated in dashed lines by the flow arrows fl and f2, because the control valve according to FIG. 1 is shown in the closed position of its throttle body 3.
- the throttle body 3 serves one of the working medium, for. B. steam, flowable throttle cross section when a response pressure occurs, which reaches or exceeds a permissible pressure on the outflow side II of the control valve SV, to achieve the desired position. This applies in the case of a negative direction of action, if the systems in the flow direction fl, f2 downstream of the control valve must be protected against excess pressure.
- the control valve SV has one within it
- Operating line BS arranged spindle drive ST, with Ve ⁇ tilspindel 4, spindle nut 5, spindle nut housing 6 and with an output shaft pin 7. A rotation of this output shaft pin 7 is converted into an axial movement of the spindle 4 via the spindle drive ST.
- a regulating drive 80 with a regulating motor 90 is attached to the driven shaft journal 7. couples. This is additionally equipped with a handwheel 100 for adjusting the spindle by hand.
- the regulating drive 80 adjusts the output shaft journal 7 and thus the throttle body 3 to assume its desired position in accordance with a manipulated variable which is supplied to it from the network to be regulated and which corresponds to the desired / actual value difference from the controlled variable and the desired value. This can be an intermediate position, it can also be the open-end position shown in FIG. 2 or the closed position shown in FIG. 1. In this safety valve with a negative direction of action, the safety target position is always the closed position shown in FIG. 1.
- the spindle nut housing 6 is rotatably mounted within the spindle housing 8 by means of an axial bearing 9; the spindle nut 5, which is rotatably supported by an internal thread on the external thread of the spindle 4, is axially fixed within the spindle nut housing 6 and coupled on its outer circumference to the inner circumference of the spindle nut housing 6 in a rotationally fixed manner.
- the spindle nut 5 is set in rotation via the output shaft journal 7 and the spindle nut housing 6, then the spindle 4 is shifted axially in the closing direction of the throttle body 3 or in the opening direction, depending on the direction of rotation.
- the spindle housing 8 is rigidly connected to the spindle guide body 11 by means of a lantern 10.
- the latter is used for the precise guidance of the lower spindle end, which has the throttle body 3, and sealing of the spindle bushing 12 by means of a stuffing box seal, not shown.
- the rotatable mounting of the spindle nut housing 6 by means of the axial bearing 9 is supplemented by a further axial bearing 13, which is inserted in a recess in the lantern head 10a, with a disk spring assembly 14 between the axial bearing 13 and an extension 6a serving to dampen shocks and to compensate for tolerances of the spindle nut housing 6 is inserted and supported.
- Lantern head 10a, axial bearing 13, plate spring package 14 and extension 6a are in corresponding centric Recesses penetrated by the spindle 4.
- valve spindle 4 is now subdivided into a first spindle section 4.1 on the throttle body side, which can be actuated by the own medium and spring force, and a second spindle section 4.2 on the drive side.
- Both spindle sections 4.1, 4.2 are non-positively coupled to one another via a spring-elastic coupling 15 and an optionally rigid or released safety coupling K1, K2.
- the respective safety device S1 or S2 releases the associated safety coupling Kl or K2, so that the first spindle section 4.1 thus executes a self-actuated quick-close of the throttle body 3 is released.
- Safety line S2 depending on a tripping Signal of the pressure switch 15b brought, as is illustrated by the dashed signal lines 19a, 19b.
- Both pressure monitors 15a, 15b are connected to the inside of the outflow line 2b via measuring spigot 16. Both pressure monitors 15a, 15b act with their plungers on break contacts 17 of the electrical signal lines 19a, 19b, the break contacts 17 being connected in series to pushbuttons or pushbuttons 18a, 18b with which the function of the safety lines S1, S2 can be checked manually or remotely.
- the safety clutch K 1 is first described below with reference to FIG. 2 (the safety clutch K 2 is constructed accordingly).
- the safety clutch Kl comprises a non-self-locking safety spindle drive 20a with a braking device 21a.
- the brake device 21a includes a brake disk 23a which is connected to the safety spindle nut 22a and is rotatably supported therewith.
- a brake magnet 24a which in the example is designed as an electromagnet with a holding function, normally holds the safety spindle nut 22a on its brake disk 23a and gives in
- the safety spindle nut 22a is free to rotate, because in this case the brake magnet 24a is de-energized, ie de-energized.
- the rotatable mounting of the safety spindle nut 22a and its brake disc 23a is indicated schematically by the two axial bearings 25a, the housing of the safety clutch Kl is designated by 26a. This has a hood-shaped extension 27a so that there is sufficient scope for the movement of the safety spindle 28a.
- the safety lever 29 has at least one free end, it is shown as a double lever in the form of a rocker with the two elongated holes 31a, 31b at both ends.
- the non-self-locking safety spindle 28a of the safety strand S1 which runs essentially parallel to the valve spindle axis a, is articulated via an elongated hole joint with pins 32a.
- the housing 26a for the safety spindle drive 20a and the braking device 21a is rigidly coupled to the second spindle section 4.2 via a housing bridge 33 and is mounted in a longitudinally displaceable manner together with the second spindle section 4.2.
- a housing 26a, 26b for preferably at least two safety spindle drives 20a, 20b and their associated braking devices 21a, 21b are connected to one another via a common housing bridge 33, and the housing bridge 33 is also connected to the second spindle section 4.2 namely via a flange 34 at its free end, firmly connected.
- the spring-elastic coupling 15 between the first and the second spindle section 4.1, 4.2 consists of a prestressed compression spring arrangement, which is more tensioned when the safety clutch K1 or K2 is not released than when the safety clutch K1 or K2 is triggered in FIG. 2, the pressure spring arrangement 15 'biased.
- the second safety line S2 with its safety clutch K2 is designed like the first safety line S1 with its safety clutch Kl, which is why the same reference numerals are used for the same parts with the exception of the end letter; this is a in the first safety line S1 and b in the second safety line S2.
- the spindle drive ST of the operating line BS is assigned to the second spindle section 4.2.
- a safety line S1 or S2 responds.
- the safety system can thus in principle already be implemented with one safety line, although the redundant safety line arrangement shown with at least two safety lines S1, S2 working in parallel is more advantageous.
- Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the function of a reducing station with a safety function in the closing direction, i. H.
- the safety valve SV works with a negative direction of action; it is normally open or in an intermediate position and, in the event of a response (pressure in the outflow line 2b too high), is shifted into the closed position by the own medium and the force of the compression spring arrangement 15 '.
- Flow arrows fl, f2) exert an axial force on the throttle body 3, the spindle 4, the first and second spindle sections 4.1, 4.2, the safety spindles 28a, 28b and the spindle nut 5, which are proportional to the effective throttle body cross section and the pressure difference between the inlet connection 2a and the outlet nozzle 2b and in To direction works.
- control drive 80 (which can also be referred to as an actuator) compensates for this force via the output shaft journal 7 and the spindle nut housing 6.
- This control drive 80 is designed to be self-locking; it has a handwheel 100 with which the throttle body 3 can be moved via the spindle 4 into the closed position (FIG. 1) or into the open position (FIG. 2).
- the safety spindle drives 20a, 20b which are not designed to be self-locking are in the retracted state (corresponding to the position shown).
- the two safety spindles 28a, 28b are braked via the associated safety spindle nuts 22a, 22b and the brake magnets 24a, 24b.
- the actuating pulses of the control drive 80 reach the throttle body 3 without play.
- the throttle body 3 can always reach the closed position as soon as The safety stroke is triggered via one of the safety lines S1 or S2.
- this also applies to the simultaneous activation of two safety lines S1 and S2.
- the safety lever 29 assumes the position indicated by the broken line at 35 (shifted parallel to itself) when the throttle body 3 is displaced into its end position.
- the normal operating position is reached again by moving the control drive 80 into the closed end position (torque end position). H. the spring 15 is tensioned again and the safety lever 29 comes back into the horizontal position.
- the two braking devices 21a and 21b of the safety strands are released via the control system, or freewheels installed in the safety strands always allow a rotational movement in the "tensioning direction".
- Both safety lines S1, S2 can be checked separately via the buttons 17 and the brake magnets 24a, 24b. The check is also possible below the security print.
- the spring force of the compression spring arrangement 15 'and the spring travel are dimensioned so large that a test can also be carried out in the pressureless system state, ie without the support of the own medium.
- a helical compression spring arrangement could also, for. B. a disc spring package can be used.
- the second spindle section 4.2 forms an abutment for the movement of the first spindle section 4.1 with its throttle body 3 into the desired safety position that is released by the safety clutch K1 or K2.
- FIG. 3 also shows the control drive 80 with control motor 90, a worm shaft 81, a prestressed disk spring assembly 82 at one end of the worm shaft 81 and the output shaft 84 meshing with the worm 81 a via a worm wheel 83.
- the regulating motor 90 works on the worm shaft 81 via a Gear. 85.
- the worm shaft 81 is held in the center of the worm wheel 83 with preloaded disk springs 82 and is axially displaceable on both sides. If a load torque occurs on the output shaft 84 that is greater than the torque set by the pretensioning of the disk springs, the worm shaft 81 moves out of its central position.
- the worm shaft 81 actuates a torque switch 88 via a swivel lever 86 and a cam disk 87, which switches off the control motor 90 via a control device (not shown) (eg contactor reversing switch).
- the worm shaft 81 remains in its respective switch-off position because it is self-locking.
- the handwheel 100 can be seen from the exploded view according to FIG. 4, furthermore the control motor 90 and a lever 89 for switching from motor to manual operation.
- a switching and signaling device is accommodated in the switch box 91.
- the drive motor 90 is switched off and the handwheel 100 on the output shaft 84 (end shaft) uncoupled. This position is locked by a special (not shown) mechanism.
- the motor 90 starts up, it is ensured that the handwheel 100 is switched off automatically and without danger to the operator and the drive motor 90 is coupled. Motor operation always has priority over manual operation.
- 37a, 37b also refer to stop disks which sit firmly on the safety spindle 28a or 28b and have the task of limiting the stroke of the spindles 28a, 28b during the return movement.
- the stop disks 37a, 37b are additionally shown with dash-dotted lines in the release position of the safety spindles 28a, 28b.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Dans un poste réducteur doté d'une fonction de sécurité dans un sens d'actionnement négatif, pour le dosage de flux énergétiques sous forme de gaz, de vapeurs ou d'eau, notamment dans des centrales thermiques ou des centrales industrielles, la barre de commande (BS) d'une vanne de régulation (SV) est complétée par au moins une autre barre de sécurité (S1, S2) qui est munie de moyens permettant le déplacement en position de fermeture (déplacement s'effectuant en fonction d'un signal de déclenchement d'un contrôleur de pression) d'un premier tronçon de tige (4.1) prévu à une extrémité et portant un dispositif d'étranglement (3). Un deuxième tronçon de tige (4.2) accouplé à l'autre extrémité du premier tronçon, par l'intermédiaire de ressorts précontraints (15') et d'étages filetés de la tige de sécurité (20a...24a; 20b...24b) non autobloquants et pouvant être freinés de manière fixe, présente la commande de la tige (ST) transmettant, dans le cas normal, par l'intermédiaire des étages filetés de la tige de sécurité à freinage fixe, la poussée ou la traction axiale au premier tronçon de tige (4.1). En cas de déclenchement, le deuxième tronçon de tige (4.2) constitue une butée pour le déplacement du premier tronçon de tige (4.1) libéré par les axes de sécurité (28a, 28b), le dispositif d'étranglement (3) se trouvant dans la position prescrite (position de fermeture). De préférence, il est prévu au moins deux barres de sécurité (S1, S2) dotées chacune d'une commande non autobloquante (20a, 20b) des tiges de sûreté. Ces deux barres peuvent être en prise avec un levier de sûreté à deux bras (20), à la manière d'une bascule. Le fonctionnement des barres de sécurité (S1, S2) est contrôlable.In a reduction station with a safety function in a negative actuation direction, for the metering of energy flows in the form of gas, vapor or water, in particular in thermal or industrial power stations, the control (BS) of a control valve (SV) is supplemented by at least one other safety bar (S1, S2) which is provided with means allowing movement in the closed position (movement being carried out according to a pressure controller trigger signal) of a first rod section (4.1) provided at one end and carrying a throttling device (3). A second rod section (4.2) coupled to the other end of the first section, by means of pre-stressed springs (15 ') and threaded stages of the safety rod (20a ... 24a; 20b ... 24b) not self-locking and can be fixedly braked, presents the rod control (ST) transmitting, in the normal case, via the threaded stages of the safety rod with fixed braking, the axial thrust or traction to the first section of rod (4.1). If triggered, the second rod section (4.2) constitutes a stop for the movement of the first rod section (4.1) released by the safety pins (28a, 28b), the throttle device (3) being in the prescribed position (closed position). Preferably, at least two safety bars (S1, S2) are provided, each provided with a non-self-locking control (20a, 20b) of the safety rods. These two bars can be engaged with a two-arm safety lever (20), in the manner of a rocker. The operation of the safety bars (S1, S2) is controllable.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3907288 | 1989-03-07 | ||
DE3907288A DE3907288A1 (en) | 1989-03-07 | 1989-03-07 | ACTUATOR FOR SAFETY VALVES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0462130A1 true EP0462130A1 (en) | 1991-12-27 |
EP0462130B1 EP0462130B1 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
Family
ID=6375716
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90903786A Expired - Lifetime EP0462130B1 (en) | 1989-03-07 | 1990-03-06 | Reducing station with safety operation in the negative direction |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5152317A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0462130B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04503989A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1020653C (en) |
AU (1) | AU631619B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3907288A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990010784A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29801229U1 (en) | 1998-01-27 | 1998-05-20 | S & R Maschinenbau GmbH, 35315 Homberg | Device for regulating and / or closing and for quickly closing an actuating device |
DE29807444U1 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 1998-08-20 | Hartmann & Braun GmbH & Co. KG, 65760 Eschborn | Switching device for manual operation of an electromotive actuator |
DE20311032U1 (en) * | 2003-07-17 | 2004-11-25 | Cooper Cameron Corp., Houston | driving device |
CN110173590B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-05-05 | 爱诺阀门温州有限公司 | Dual-purpose actuator |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1927509C3 (en) * | 1969-05-30 | 1975-02-13 | Bochumer Maschinenfabrik Arthur Schneider, 4630 Bochum | Steam pressure reducing valve and steam cooling valve with quick release device |
-
1989
- 1989-03-07 DE DE3907288A patent/DE3907288A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-03-06 JP JP2504099A patent/JPH04503989A/en active Pending
- 1990-03-06 DE DE90903786T patent/DE59003162D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-06 AU AU51939/90A patent/AU631619B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-06 EP EP90903786A patent/EP0462130B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-06 WO PCT/DE1990/000161 patent/WO1990010784A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-03-07 CN CN90101971A patent/CN1020653C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-09-09 US US07/756,534 patent/US5152317A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9010784A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990010784A1 (en) | 1990-09-20 |
CN1048257A (en) | 1991-01-02 |
AU5193990A (en) | 1990-10-09 |
JPH04503989A (en) | 1992-07-16 |
US5152317A (en) | 1992-10-06 |
AU631619B2 (en) | 1992-12-03 |
CN1020653C (en) | 1993-05-12 |
DE3907288A1 (en) | 1990-09-13 |
EP0462130B1 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
DE59003162D1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
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