EP0454466A2 - Aufbohrbare Packungsvorrichtung im Bohrloch - Google Patents

Aufbohrbare Packungsvorrichtung im Bohrloch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0454466A2
EP0454466A2 EP91303763A EP91303763A EP0454466A2 EP 0454466 A2 EP0454466 A2 EP 0454466A2 EP 91303763 A EP91303763 A EP 91303763A EP 91303763 A EP91303763 A EP 91303763A EP 0454466 A2 EP0454466 A2 EP 0454466A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
well bore
packer
slip
mandrel
plastics material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91303763A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0454466A3 (en
Inventor
Steven G. Streich
Donald F. Hushbeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Halliburton Co
Original Assignee
Halliburton Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halliburton Co filed Critical Halliburton Co
Publication of EP0454466A2 publication Critical patent/EP0454466A2/de
Publication of EP0454466A3 publication Critical patent/EP0454466A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/129Packers; Plugs with mechanical slips for hooking into the casing
    • E21B33/1293Packers; Plugs with mechanical slips for hooking into the casing with means for anchoring against downward and upward movement
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/1204Packers; Plugs permanent; drillable
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/129Packers; Plugs with mechanical slips for hooking into the casing
    • E21B33/1294Packers; Plugs with mechanical slips for hooking into the casing characterised by a valve, e.g. a by-pass valve

Definitions

  • This invention relates to packing apparatus for use in a well bore and to its subsequent removal from the well bore.
  • tubing or other pipe In the drilling or reworking of oil wells, it is often desirable to seal tubing or other pipe in the casing of the well. For example, when it is desired to pump cement or other slurry down tubing and force the slurry out into a formation, it becomes necessary to seal the tubing to the well casing and to prevent the fluid pressure of the slurry from lifting the tubing out of the well.
  • Packers and bridge plugs designed for these general purposes are well known in the art.
  • a drill bit In drilling, a drill bit is used to cut and grind up the components of the packer or bridge plug to remove it from the well bore. This is a much faster operation than milling, but it requires the packer or bridge plug to be made out of materials which can be accommodated by the drill bit. Typically, soft and medium hardness cast iron are used on the pressure bearing components, along with some brass and aluminium items.
  • Packers of this type include the Halliburton EZ Drill R and EZ Drill SV R squeeze packers.
  • the EZ Drill SV R squeeze packer for example, includes a lock ring housing, upper slip wedge, lower slip wedge, and lower slip support made of soft cast iron. These components are mounted on a mandrel made of medium hardness cast iron.
  • the EZ Drill R squeeze packer is similarly constructed.
  • the Halliburton EZ Drill R bridge plug is also similar, except that it does not provide for fluid flow therethrough.
  • the EZ Drill R packer and bridge plug and the EZ Drill SV R packer are designed for fast removal from the well bore by either rotary of cable tool drilling methods. Many of the components in these drillable packing devices are locked together to prevent their spinning while being drilled, and the harder slips are grooved so that they will be broken up into small pieces.
  • standard "tri-cone" rotary drill bits are used which are rotated at speeds of about 75 to about 120 rpm.
  • a load of about 5,000 to about 7,000 pounds (2270 to 3180 kg) of weight is applied to the bit for initial drilling and increased as necessary to drill out the remainder of the packer or bridge plug, depending upon its size. Drill collars may be used as required for weight and bit stabilization.
  • the packers and plug are designed to withstand pressures of about 10,000 psi (68.9 MPa) and temperatures of about 425°F (218°C) after being set in the well bore. Such pressures and temperatures require the cast iron components previously discussed.
  • bit tracking can occur, wherein the drill bit stays on one path and no longer cuts into the packer plug. When this happens, it is necessary to pick up the bit above the drilling surface and rapidly recontact the bit with the packer or plug and apply weight while continuing rotation. This aids in breaking up the established bit pattern and helps to re-establish bit penetration. If this procedure is used, there are rarely problems. However, operators may not apply these techniques or even recognize when bit tracking has occurred. The results is that drilling times are greatly increased because the bit merely wears against the surface of the packer or plug rather than cutting into it to break it up.
  • a well bore process which comprises the steps of positioning a well packing device into sealing engagement with the well bore; and subsequently drilling said device out of said well bore, characterised in that the device includes a component subject to substantially compressive loading which is made of a plastics material.
  • the invention also includes a well bore packing apparatus which comprises a centre mandrel; slip means disposed on said mandrel for grippingly engaging said well bore, said slip means comprising a slip wedge made of plastics material; and packing means disposed on said mandrel for sealingly engaging said well bore when in a set position.
  • the well bore packing apparatus of the present invention utilizes the same general geometric configuration of previously know drillable packers and bridge plugs, but replaces at least some of the metal components with engineering grade plastics which can still withstand the pressures and temperatures exposed thereto in many well bore applications.
  • the plastic components are easier to drill out and allow the use of alternative drilling techniques to those previously known.
  • a preferred component in the slip means to be made of plastics may be, for example, a lock ring housing, a slip, a slip wedge or a slip support.
  • the slips themselves may require the addition of hardened inserts for the actual engagement with the well bore.
  • the slip means may be an upper slip means disposed above the packing means, and the apparatus may further comprise a lower slip means disposed below the packing means, the lower slip means also comprising a component made of a plastic material.
  • the centre mandrel typically has tensile loading applied thereto when setting the packer and when the packer is in its operating position.
  • the mandrel may also be made of a plastics material.
  • One preferred plastics material for at least some of these components is a glass reinforced phenolic resin, preferably one having a tensile strength of about 18,000 psi (124 MPa) and a compressive strength of about 40,000 psi (276 MPa), although the invention is not intended to be limited to this particular plastic or to a plastic having these specific physical properties.
  • the plastics materials are preferably selected such that the packing apparatus can withstand well pressures less than about 10,000 psi (68.9 MPa) and temperatures less than about 425°F (218°C). In one preferred embodiment, but not by way of limitation, the plastics materials of the packing apparatus are selected such that the apparatus can withstand well pressures up to about 5,000 psi (34.5 MPa) and temperatures up to about 250°F (121°C).
  • the well packing device is preferably a packer or bridge plug, and the plastic component therein is preferably selected from at least one of the lock rings housings, slip wedges and slip supports as previously mentioned.
  • the device may also include a component subject to at least some tensile loading, which is also made of plastics material. This plastics component subject to tensile loading may for example be the centre mandrel of the packing device.
  • the step of drilling is carried out using a polycrystalline diamond compact bit.
  • the process may further comprise the step of drilling using a drill bit without substantially varying the weight applied to the drill bit.
  • the well bore process can comprise the steps of positioning and setting a packer or plug in the well bore, a portion of the packer or plug being made of engineering grade plastic; contacting the packer or plug with well fluids; and then drilling out the packer or plug using a drill bit having no moving parts, such as a polycrystalline diamond compact bit.
  • a drill bit having no moving parts, such as a polycrystalline diamond compact bit.
  • This or a similar drill bit might have been previously used in drilling the well bore itself, so the process may be said to further comprise the step of, prior to the step of positioning and setting the packer, drilling at least a portion of the well bore using a drill bit such as a polycrystalline diamond compact bit.
  • the step of contacting the packer is at a pressure of less than about 5,000 psi (34.5 MPa) and a temperature of less than about 250°F (121°C), although higher pressures and temperatures may also be encountered.
  • Apparatus 10 is shown in a sealing, operating position in a well bore 12. Apparatus 10 can be set in this position by any manner known in the art such as setting on a tubing string or wire line.
  • a drill bit 14 connected to the end of a tool or tubing string 16 is shown above apparatus 10 in a position to commence the drilling out of apparatus 10 from well bore 12. Methods of drilling out apparatus 10 will be further discussed herein.
  • packer 20 defines a generally central opening 21 therein.
  • Packer 20 comprises a center mandrel 22 on which most of the other components are mounted.
  • a lock ring housing 24 is disposed around an upper end of mandrel 22 and generally encloses a lock ring 26.
  • upper slips 28 Disposed below lock ring housing 24 and pivotally-connected thereto are a plurality of upper slips 28 initially held in place by a retaining band 30.
  • a generally conical upper slip wedge is disposed around mandrel 22 adjacent to upper slips 30.
  • Upper slip wedge 32 is held in place on mandrel 22 by a wedge retaining ring 34 and a plurality of screws 36.
  • Adjacent to the lower end of upper slip wedge 32 is an upper expanding shoe 38 connected to the upper slip wedge by a pin 39.
  • Below upper expanding shoe 38 are a pair of end packer elements 40 separated by center packer element 42.
  • a lower expanding shoe 44 is disposed adjacent to the lowermost end packer element 40.
  • a generally conical lower slip wedge 46 is positioned around mandrel 22 adjacent to lower expanding shoe 44, and a pin 48 connects the lower expanding shoe to the lower slip wedge.
  • Lower slip wedge 46 is initially attached to mandrel 22 by a plurality of screws 50 and a wedge retaining ring 52 in a manner similar to that for upper slip wedge 32.
  • a plurality of lower slips 54 are disposed adjacent to lower slip wedge 46 are are initially held in place by a retaining band 56.
  • Lower slips 54 are pivotally connected to the upper end of a lower slip support 58.
  • Mandrel 22 is attached to lower slip support 58 at threaded connection 60.
  • a tension sleeve 62 Disposed in mandrel 22 at the upper end thereof is a tension sleeve 62 below which is an internal seal 64.
  • a sliding valve 66 is slidably disposed in central opening 21 at the lower end of mandrel 22 adjacent to fluid ports 68 in the mandrel. Fluid ports 68 in mandrel 22 are in communication with fluid ports 70 in lower slip housing 58. The lower end of lower slip support 58 is closed below ports 70.
  • Sliding valve 66 defines a plurality of valve ports 72 which can be aligned with fluid ports 68 in mandrel 22 when sliding valve 66 is in an open position. Thus, fluid can flow through central opening 21. As illustrated in FIG. 2, sliding valve 66 is in a closed position wherein fluid ports 68 are sealed by upper and lower valve seals 74 and 76. Opening and closing of valve 66 is in a manner known in the art.
  • Packer 20 is positioned in well bore 12 and set into gripping and sealing engagement therewith in a manner substantially identical to similar packers and plugs of the prior art. Full details of this setting operation are disclosed in the above-referenced U. S. Patent No. 4,151,875 to Sullaway, a copy of which is included herein by reference, so only a brief description of the setting operation will be described herein.
  • mandrel 22 is made of a medium hardness cast iron
  • lock ring housing 24, upper slip wedge 32, lower slip wedge 46 and lower slip support 58 are made of soft cast iron for drillability.
  • Most of the other components are made of aluminum, brass or rubber which, of course, are relatively easy to drill.
  • Prior art upper and lower slips 28 and 54 are made of hard cast iron, but are grooved so that they will easily be broken up in small pieces when contacted by the drill bit during a drilling operation.
  • the soft cast iron construction of lock ring housing 24, upper and lower slip wedges 32 and 46, and lower slip support 58 are adapted for relatively high pressure and temperature conditions, while a majority of well applications do not require a design for such conditions.
  • the apparatus of the present invention which is generally designed for pressures lower than 10,000 psi (68.9 MPa) and temperatures lower than 425°F (218°C), utilizes engineering frade plastics for at least some of the components.
  • one embodiment of the apparatus is designed for pressures up to about 5,000 psi (34.5 MPa) and temperatures up to about 250°F (121°C), although the invention is not intended to be limited to these particular conditions.
  • upper and lower slip wedges 32 and 46 and lower slip support 58 are made of engineering grade plastics.
  • upper and lower slip wedges 32 and 46 are subjected to substantially compressive loading. Since engineering grade plastics exhibit good strength in compression, they make excellent choices for use in components subjected to compressive loading.
  • Lower slip support 58 is also subjected to substantially compressive loading and can be made of engineering grade plastic when packer 20 is subjected to relative low pressures and temperatures.
  • Lock ring housing 24 is mostly in compression, but does exhibit some tensile loading. However, in most situations, this tensile loading is minimal, and lock ring housing 24 may also be made of an engineering grade plastic of substantially the same type as upper and lower slip wedges 32 and 46 and also lower slip housing 58.
  • Upper and lower slips 28 and 54 may also be of plastic in some applications. Hardened inserts for gripping well bore 12 when packer 20 is set may be required as part of the plastic slips.
  • Lock ring housing 24, upper slip wedge 32, lower slip wedge 46, and lower slip housing 58 comprise approximately 75% of the cast iron of the prior art squeeze packers. Thus, replacing these components with similar components made of engineering grade plastics will enhance the drillability of packer 20 and reduce the time and cost required therefor.
  • Mandrel 22 is subjected to tensile loading during L setting and operation, and many plastics will not be acceptable materials therefor. However, some engineering plastics exhibit good tensile loading characteristics, so that construction of mandrel 22 from such plastics is possible. Reinforcements may be provided in the plastic resin as necessary.
  • a packer 20 was constructed in which upper slip wedge 32 and lower slip wedge 46 were constructed by molding the parts to size from a phenolic resin plastic with glass reinforcement.
  • the specific material used was Fiberite 4056J manufactured by Fiberite Corporation of Winona, Minnesota. This material is classified by the manufacturer as a two stage phenolic with glass reinforcement. It has a tensile strength of 18,000 psi (124 MPa) and a compressive strength of 40,000 psi (276 MPa).
  • test packer 20 held to 8,500 psi (58.6 MPa) without failures to the wedges, more than sufficient for most well bore conditions.
  • Drilling out any packer apparatus 10, such as the illustrated packer 20, may be carried out by using a standard drill bit at the end of tubing string 16. Wire line drilling may also be used. With a standard "tri-cone" drill bit, the drilling operation is similar to that of the prior art except that variations in rotary speed and bit weight are not critical because the plastic materials are considerably softer than prior art cast iron, thus making packer 20 much easier to drill out. This greatly simplifies the drilling operation and reduces the cost and time thereof.
  • drill bits In addition to standard tri-cone drill bits, and particularly if packer 20 is constructed utilizing engineering grade plastics for mandrel 22 as well as for lock ring housing 24, upper slip wedge 32, lower slip wedge 46 and lower slip housing 58, alternate types of drill bits may be used which were impossible for packers constructed substantially of cast iron. For example, polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits may be used. Drill bit 14 in FIG. 1 is illustrated as a PDC bit. Such drill bits have the advantage of having no moving parts which can jam up. Also, if the well bore itself was drilled with a PDC bit, it is not necessary to replace it with another or different type bit in order to drill out packer 20.
  • PDC polycrystalline diamond compact

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
EP19910303763 1990-04-26 1991-04-25 Drillable well bore packing apparatus Withdrawn EP0454466A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US51501990A 1990-04-26 1990-04-26
US515019 1990-04-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0454466A2 true EP0454466A2 (de) 1991-10-30
EP0454466A3 EP0454466A3 (en) 1992-10-21

Family

ID=24049664

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910303763 Withdrawn EP0454466A3 (en) 1990-04-26 1991-04-25 Drillable well bore packing apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0454466A3 (de)
AU (1) AU7594991A (de)
BR (1) BR9101680A (de)
CA (1) CA2041270A1 (de)
NO (1) NO911650L (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992020899A1 (en) * 1991-05-24 1992-11-26 The Gates Rubber Company Expendable composite fiber device
EP0519757A1 (de) * 1991-06-21 1992-12-23 Halliburton Company Untertage-Werkzeug
EP0570157A3 (de) * 1992-05-12 1994-03-09 Halliburton Co
EP0654581A3 (de) * 1993-11-24 1997-05-21 Halliburton Co Untertägige Vorrichtung zum Lösen eines Bohrlochstopfes.
US6554068B1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2003-04-29 Halliburton Energy Service,S Inc. Method of downhole fluid separation and displacement and a plug utilized therein
US7036602B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2006-05-02 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Retrievable bridge plug
US7124831B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2006-10-24 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Resin impregnated continuous fiber plug with non-metallic element system
RU2304694C2 (ru) * 2005-08-18 2007-08-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственный центр "Нефтепромтехнологии" Разбуриваемый пакер
US7690436B2 (en) 2007-05-01 2010-04-06 Weatherford/Lamb Inc. Pressure isolation plug for horizontal wellbore and associated methods
US8453729B2 (en) 2009-04-02 2013-06-04 Key Energy Services, Llc Hydraulic setting assembly
US8684096B2 (en) 2009-04-02 2014-04-01 Key Energy Services, Llc Anchor assembly and method of installing anchors
US9303477B2 (en) 2009-04-02 2016-04-05 Michael J. Harris Methods and apparatus for cementing wells
US9926765B2 (en) 2015-02-25 2018-03-27 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc Slip configuration for downhole tool
CN111677477A (zh) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-18 北京中科金腾科技有限公司 一种新型单卡瓦球座及桥塞及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4151875A (en) * 1977-12-12 1979-05-01 Halliburton Company EZ disposal packer
US4175619A (en) * 1978-09-11 1979-11-27 Davis Carl A Well collar or shoe and cementing/drilling process
US4708202A (en) * 1984-05-17 1987-11-24 The Western Company Of North America Drillable well-fluid flow control tool
US4809776A (en) * 1987-09-04 1989-03-07 Halliburton Company Sub-surface release plug assembly
US4858687A (en) * 1988-11-02 1989-08-22 Halliburton Company Non-rotating plug set
US4836279A (en) * 1988-11-16 1989-06-06 Halliburton Company Non-rotating plug

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992020899A1 (en) * 1991-05-24 1992-11-26 The Gates Rubber Company Expendable composite fiber device
EP0519757A1 (de) * 1991-06-21 1992-12-23 Halliburton Company Untertage-Werkzeug
EP0570157A3 (de) * 1992-05-12 1994-03-09 Halliburton Co
EP0654581A3 (de) * 1993-11-24 1997-05-21 Halliburton Co Untertägige Vorrichtung zum Lösen eines Bohrlochstopfes.
US7779928B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2010-08-24 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Non-metallic mandrel and element system
US7789137B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2010-09-07 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Non-metallic mandrel and element system
US7124831B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2006-10-24 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Resin impregnated continuous fiber plug with non-metallic element system
US7789135B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2010-09-07 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Non-metallic mandrel and element system
US7789136B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2010-09-07 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Non-metallic mandrel and element system
US7779927B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2010-08-24 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Non-metallic mandrel and element system
US6554068B1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2003-04-29 Halliburton Energy Service,S Inc. Method of downhole fluid separation and displacement and a plug utilized therein
US7036602B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2006-05-02 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Retrievable bridge plug
RU2304694C2 (ru) * 2005-08-18 2007-08-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственный центр "Нефтепромтехнологии" Разбуриваемый пакер
US7690436B2 (en) 2007-05-01 2010-04-06 Weatherford/Lamb Inc. Pressure isolation plug for horizontal wellbore and associated methods
US8453729B2 (en) 2009-04-02 2013-06-04 Key Energy Services, Llc Hydraulic setting assembly
US8684096B2 (en) 2009-04-02 2014-04-01 Key Energy Services, Llc Anchor assembly and method of installing anchors
US9303477B2 (en) 2009-04-02 2016-04-05 Michael J. Harris Methods and apparatus for cementing wells
US9926765B2 (en) 2015-02-25 2018-03-27 Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc Slip configuration for downhole tool
CN111677477A (zh) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-18 北京中科金腾科技有限公司 一种新型单卡瓦球座及桥塞及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7594991A (en) 1991-11-07
BR9101680A (pt) 1991-12-10
NO911650L (no) 1991-10-28
EP0454466A3 (en) 1992-10-21
CA2041270A1 (en) 1991-10-27
NO911650D0 (no) 1991-04-25

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