EP0452584A1 - Düse für Drehbohrmeissel - Google Patents

Düse für Drehbohrmeissel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0452584A1
EP0452584A1 EP90308487A EP90308487A EP0452584A1 EP 0452584 A1 EP0452584 A1 EP 0452584A1 EP 90308487 A EP90308487 A EP 90308487A EP 90308487 A EP90308487 A EP 90308487A EP 0452584 A1 EP0452584 A1 EP 0452584A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stream
drilling fluid
cutting elements
side wall
bore hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90308487A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0452584B1 (de
Inventor
Craig R. Ivie
David E. Pearce
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ReedHycalog UK Ltd
Schlumberger Technology Corp
Original Assignee
Camco International Inc
Reed Tool Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/502,046 external-priority patent/US5029656A/en
Application filed by Camco International Inc, Reed Tool Co filed Critical Camco International Inc
Publication of EP0452584A1 publication Critical patent/EP0452584A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0452584B1 publication Critical patent/EP0452584B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/18—Roller bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention is particularly directed toward providing high velocity high volume drilling fluid across the bore hole bottom in a tangential direction beneath the cutting elements of the roller cutters during cutting engagement of the cutting elements with the bore hole bottom while also effectively cleaning the corner of the bore hole. This is accomplished by the high velocity stream first striking the side wall above the lowermost cutting elements in the gage row of an adjacent roller cutter and then sweeping across the hole corner and hole bottom and beneath the cutting elements of the adjacent roller cutter in a relatively flat high velocity tangential stream during cutting engagement of the cutting elements with the hole corner and hole bottom. As a result, an improved rate of penetration is obtained, particularly in so called "sticky" formations.
  • gage row of each roller cutter is the row that most affects the rate of penetration of the rotary drill bit.
  • the gage row normally has more cutting elements therein than the remaining rows.
  • the formation is stronger at the annular corner of the bore hole formed at the juncture of the horizontal bottom surface and the vertically extending cylindrical side surface of the bore hole formation.
  • the gage row of cutting elements is the critical row in determining the rate of penetration.
  • a so-called "interlocking" row of cutting elements is provided immediately adjacent the gage row on at least one of the three roller cutters.
  • the interlocking row includes cutting elements which are staggered and fit between the cutting elements of the gage row in radially offset relation.
  • the interlocking row of cutting elements along with the gage row are thus provided for cutting the formation at its strongest area. It is desirable that maximum cleaning action by the pressurized drilling fluid be provided particularly for the cutting elements in such gage and interlocking rows, immediately prior to and during engagement of such cutting elements with the formation.
  • Application serial number 381,040 relates to a roller cutter drill bit in which a high velocity stream of drilling fluid is directed against the cutting elements in the gage row to provide an increased hydraulic action first against the cutting elements in the gage row and then sequentially against the bore hole bottom generally adjacent the corner of the bore hole.
  • the high velocity stream after striking the side wall sweeps in a thin high volume stream beneath the cutter across the bottom hole surface to scour and clean the corner and bottom surfaces during engagement of the cutting elements.
  • the stream of drilling fluid i.e. the center of the volume of discharged drilling fluid
  • the stream of drilling fluid be inclined radially outward at an angle preferably of around fifteen degrees with respect to the rotational axis of the drill bit.
  • An angle of at least around five degrees and not greater than around thirty five degrees would function satisfactorily under various operating conditions.
  • the stream of drilling fluid is slanted or skewed toward an adjacent roller cutter at a sufficient angle to provide a sweeping action from the side wall underneath the cutting elements of the associated cutter in a tangential flow path across the corner and bottom surfaces of the hole for the effective cleaning of the formation during engagement of the cutting elements.
  • a slant angle toward the roller cutter of around twenty degrees has been found to be optimum for directing maximum fluid flow underneath the roller cutter and across the corner and hole bottom with minimal dispersal of the drilling fluid after striking of the side wall.
  • a slant angle of at least around ten degrees and less than around thirty five degrees has resulted in improved penetration rates under various operating conditions.
  • the improved nozzle means includes a nozzle positioned on the drill bit between a pair of adjacent cutters at a sufficient height to discharge a high velocity stream of drilling fluid in a radially outward direction with respect to the rotational axis of the bit against the side wall of the bore hole with the center of the volume of discharged drilling fluid first striking the side wall of the bore hole above the lowermost cutting elements of the gage row of an adjacent cutter.
  • the discharged drilling fluid stream is also slanted or skewed in a direction toward the adjacent cutter in order to obtain the desired high velocity tangential sweeping action of a generally flat stream beneath the cutting elements and across the corner and bottom surfaces during cutting engagement of the cutting elements with the formation.
  • a rotary drill bit 10 is shown in Figure 1 comprising a central main body or shank 12 with an upwardly extending threaded pin 14.
  • Threaded pin 14 comprises a tapered pin connection adapted for threadedly engaging the female end of a drill string (not shown) which is connected to a source of drilling fluid at a surface location.
  • Main body or shank 12 is formed from three integral connected lugs defining three downwardly extending legs 16.
  • Each leg 16 has an inwardly and downwardly extending, generally cylindrical bearing journal 18 at its lower end as shown in Figure 3.
  • Roller cutters 20A, 20B, and 20C are mounted on journals 18 for rotation and each roller cutter is formed of a generally conical shape.
  • Each roller cutter 20A, 20B, and 20C comprises a generally conical body 22 having a recess therein receiving an associated bearing journal 18.
  • a plurality of generally elongate cutting elements or inserts 26 have cylindrical bodies mounted in sockets within body 22 and outer tips extending from the outer ends of inserts 26.
  • Cutting elements 26 may be made of a suitable powder metallurgy composite material having good abrasion and erosion resistant properties, such as sintered tungsten carbide in a suitable matrix. A hardness from about 85 Rockwell A to about 90 Rockwell A has been found to be satisfactory.
  • Cutting elements 26 are arranged on body 22 in concentric annular rows 28A, 28B, 28C, and 28D.
  • Row 28D is the outermost row and comprises the gage row of cutting elements 26 that determines the final diameter or gage of the formation bore hole which is generally indicated at 30.
  • Row 28C is adjacent to row 28D and comprises an interlocking row on cutter 20A.
  • Cutting elements 26 on row 28C are staggered circumferentially with respect to cutting elements 26 on row 28D and a portion of cutting elements 26 on interlocking row 28C projects within the circular cutting path of row 28D.
  • the cutting paths of the cutting elements 26 on rows 28C and 28D of roller cutter 20A overlap.
  • cutters 20B and 20C do not have interlocking rows as adjacent rows 28B are spaced substantially inward of row 28D and cutting elements 26 on row 28B do not project within the cutting path of row 28D for cutters 20B and 20C. In some instances, it may be desirable to provide two cutters or possibly all of the cutters with interlocking rows of cutting elements.
  • Bore hole 30 includes a horizontal bottom surface as portion 32 and an adjacent cylindrical side wall 34 extending vertically generally at right angles to horizontal bottom 32.
  • the corner or juncture of horizontal bottom 32 and cylindrical side wall 34 is shown at 35.
  • the cutting elements 26 on gage row 28D engage the formation in cutting relation generally at the corner or juncture 35 formed by the generally horizontal bottom 32 and the vertical side wall 34.
  • a directed nozzle fluid system is provided.
  • the fluid system includes a plurality of nozzles indicated at 36A, 36B, and 36C with a nozzle positioned on bit body 12 between each pair of adjacent roller cutters.
  • Each nozzle 36 has a drilling fluid passage 38 thereto from the drill string which provides high velocity drilling fluid for discharge from port 37.
  • nozzle 36A and roller cutter 20A are illustrated. It is to be understood that nozzles 36B and 36C function in a similar manner for respective roller cutters 20B and 20C.
  • Nozzle 36A has a nozzle body 40 defining a discharge orifice or port 37 for directing a fluid stream therefrom as shown at 44.
  • Fluid stream 44 is shown of a symmetrical cross section and having a fan angle of around five to twenty degrees for example about the entire circumference of the stream with the centerline of the volume of discharged fluid shown at 45. Other fan angles or non-symmetrical cross sections for fluid stream 44 may be provided, if desired.
  • the rotational axis of cutter 20A is shown at 46 in Figure 3 and axis 46 intersects leg 16 at point 48.
  • Nozzle 36A preferably is positioned with discharge orifice or port 37 at a height below the uppermost surface of roller cutter 20 as shown in Figure 3 and at least at a height above the intersection point 48 of the rotational axis 46 of roller cutter 20A with leg 16 as shown at H1.
  • the drilling fluid has a maximum velocity and minimal cross sectional area. As the stream or jet travels from the exit point, the stream loses velocity and increases in cross sectional area. A reduction in velocity reduces the cleaning effectiveness of the stream of drilling fluid.
  • a suitable height should provide an adequate flow zone from the distribution of the stream with a sufficient velocity and dispersion to effectively clean the cutting elements and the formation.
  • Fluid stream 44 is inclined radially outward at an angle A as shown in Figures 3 and 7 of an optimum of around fifteen degrees. Angle A may be between five degrees and thirty five degrees and function satisfactory. If angle A is over around thirty five degrees, the velocity of the drilling fluid stream 44 is materially reduced from the deflection of the stream after striking side wall 34 which is undesirable for the subsequent sweeping tangential action beneath the cutting elements during the cutting operation.
  • a height H as shown in Figure 3 of around 1-1/2 inch for a bit diameter of 8-3/4 inches has been found to be optimum.
  • Height H is preferably at least around 1/2 inch and may be substantially higher than 1-1/2 inches dependent somewhat on the angle A of radial inclination. With a small amount of radial inclination such as five degrees, a greater height of impact could be provided.
  • height H should not be above around four (4) inches.
  • side wall 34 tends to flatten stream 44 into a stream for sweeping across bottom surface 32.
  • stream 44 is of a generally frustoconical shape from port 37 to side wall 34 as shown at 44A. After striking side wall 34, stream 44 is converted into a flat generally elliptical cross section at 44B for sweeping across the curved surface of the hole corner and hole bottom at a high velocity in a direction tangential to the surface of the formation.
  • the slant angle B as measured in a direction perpendicular to the radial plane through the axis of drill bit 10 and the nozzle exit port 37 is preferably around twenty degrees as shown particularly in Figure 4.
  • a side portion of stream 44 contacts the projecting ends of cutting elements 26 in gage row 28D and interlocking row 28C for cleaning the gage and interlocking rows immediately before the cutting elements 26 in rows 28C and 28D engage the formation in cutting relation and before impingement of the stream 44 against side wall 34.
  • stream 44 After striking side wall 34, stream 44 is directed by side wall 34 around the gage corner 35 and then inwardly across bottom surface 22 tangential to the formation surface beneath cutting elements 26 of roller cutter 20A, particularly gage row 28D and interlocking row 28C.
  • stream 44 closely follows the contour of corner 35 and bottom surface 32 in a thin high velocity stream thereby providing a relatively thin high velocity stream sweeping across corner 35 and bottom surface 32 for cleaning and scouring the surface immediately before and during cutting engagement of the cutting elements 26 of roller cutter 20A and particularly the interlocking and gage rows 28C and 28D.
  • an improved cleaning and hydraulic action is provided by the positioning and angling of a stream of drilling fluid from a discharge nozzle positioned between a pair of adjacent roller cutters.
  • the stream is inclined radially outwardly and slanted toward an adjacent roller cutter at precise predetermined angles in order to obtain the desired cleaning effect by the high velocity fluid first striking the side wall of the bore hole and then sweeping inwardly in a thin tangential stream closely following the contour of the formation around the gage corner and across the bottom surface of the bore hole beneath the cutting elements of the adjacent cutter while the cutting elements are in cutting engagement with the formation.
EP90308487A 1990-03-30 1990-08-01 Düse für Drehbohrmeissel Expired - Lifetime EP0452584B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US502046 1990-03-30
US07/502,046 US5029656A (en) 1989-07-17 1990-03-30 Nozzle means for rotary drill bits

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0452584A1 true EP0452584A1 (de) 1991-10-23
EP0452584B1 EP0452584B1 (de) 1994-06-29

Family

ID=23996102

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90308487A Expired - Lifetime EP0452584B1 (de) 1990-03-30 1990-08-01 Düse für Drehbohrmeissel

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0452584B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2022495C (de)
DE (1) DE69010320T2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2315509A (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-02-04 Baker Hughes Inc Biased nozzle arrangement for rolling cone rock bits
WO2000019055A1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-04-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Roller bit with collimated jets sweeping separate bottom-hole tracks

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9033066B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2015-05-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Nozzles including secondary passages, drill assemblies including same and associated methods

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4369849A (en) * 1980-06-05 1983-01-25 Reed Rock Bit Company Large diameter oil well drilling bit
EP0171899A1 (de) * 1984-06-28 1986-02-19 Reed Tool Company Bohrmeissel mit angewinkelten Düsen für Meissel- und Bohrlochreinigung
US4741406A (en) * 1980-03-24 1988-05-03 Reed Tool Company Drill bit having offset roller cutters and improved nozzles
WO1990005830A1 (fr) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-31 Ministerstvo Gazovoi Promyshlennosti Sssr Trepan

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4741406A (en) * 1980-03-24 1988-05-03 Reed Tool Company Drill bit having offset roller cutters and improved nozzles
US4369849A (en) * 1980-06-05 1983-01-25 Reed Rock Bit Company Large diameter oil well drilling bit
EP0171899A1 (de) * 1984-06-28 1986-02-19 Reed Tool Company Bohrmeissel mit angewinkelten Düsen für Meissel- und Bohrlochreinigung
WO1990005830A1 (fr) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-31 Ministerstvo Gazovoi Promyshlennosti Sssr Trepan

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2315509A (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-02-04 Baker Hughes Inc Biased nozzle arrangement for rolling cone rock bits
GB2315509B (en) * 1996-07-19 2000-11-01 Baker Hughes Inc Biased nozzle arrangement for rolling cone rock bits
US6142247A (en) * 1996-07-19 2000-11-07 Baker Hughes Incorporated Biased nozzle arrangement for rolling cone rock bits
WO2000019055A1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-04-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Roller bit with collimated jets sweeping separate bottom-hole tracks
US6290006B1 (en) 1998-09-29 2001-09-18 Halliburton Engrey Service Inc. Apparatus and method for a roller bit using collimated jets sweeping separate bottom-hole tracks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69010320D1 (de) 1994-08-04
EP0452584B1 (de) 1994-06-29
DE69010320T2 (de) 1994-12-22
CA2022495A1 (en) 1991-10-01
CA2022495C (en) 1997-09-30

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