EP0452235A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum digitalen optischen Sortieren einer Masse von Partikeln, insbesondere Glasscherben - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum digitalen optischen Sortieren einer Masse von Partikeln, insbesondere Glasscherben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0452235A1
EP0452235A1 EP91420123A EP91420123A EP0452235A1 EP 0452235 A1 EP0452235 A1 EP 0452235A1 EP 91420123 A EP91420123 A EP 91420123A EP 91420123 A EP91420123 A EP 91420123A EP 0452235 A1 EP0452235 A1 EP 0452235A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
light intensity
size
monolayer
theoretical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91420123A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ruo-Dan Zhang
Philippe Tricot
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VERRERIES SOUCHON NEUVESEL - VSN
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VERRERIES SOUCHON NEUVESEL - VSN
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Publication date
Application filed by VERRERIES SOUCHON NEUVESEL - VSN filed Critical VERRERIES SOUCHON NEUVESEL - VSN
Publication of EP0452235A1 publication Critical patent/EP0452235A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/3416—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radiation transmissivity, e.g. for light, x-rays, particle radiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of the means used to ensure the separation of particles from a mass of material, into two categories, according to their transparency.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application for ensuring the sorting of currant by separating the impurities from the cullet which is intended to be treated in a glass furnace.
  • the state of the art proposes to remove, by manual sorting, large foreign bodies found associated with the recovered glass which is then ground, in order to obtain a mass of particles called currant. It appears that the currant obtained contains glass particles but also undesirable particles not detected during manual sorting.
  • patent application FR 85-00 593 has proposed an optical sorting device, the principle of which is based on the transparency of the glass.
  • This device provides for the movement of the mass of particles on an inclined plane, at least translucent and in the form of a monolayer of a determined width.
  • This monolayer travels between a light source extending transversely to the direction of travel of the monolayer and a series of photosensitive cells arranged, successively, along a line transverse to the monolayer, forming a determined number of scanning sectors of the layer.
  • Each scanning sector is assigned an organ for deflecting particles, preferably undesirable.
  • These deflection members which are placed downstream of the light source and of the cells, are formed, for example, in the form of hammers or deflectors.
  • the photosensitive cells receive a light intensity which directly depends on the level of transparency presented by the particles, so that it appears possible to deduce their nature.
  • the photosensitive cells therefore deliver, cyclically, an analog signal representative of the light intensity received.
  • Such an analog signal is compared with a given threshold value, making it possible to control the corresponding deflection member, when the light intensity received by a cell is less than the threshold value and corresponds to the passage of an undesirable particle in front of the cell. given.
  • the device described above makes it possible to obtain a good sorting quality.
  • this device eliminates large particles which each transmit a reduced light intensity, considered to correspond to an undesirable particle. Since the particles of the monolayer have dimensions varying over a wide range, it appears very difficult to adjust the threshold for removing impurities. This results in either an excessive elimination of the glass particles or an insufficient rejection of the undesirable particles.
  • This processing unit aims to calculate, essentially, four signals representing, respectively, for each particle, the size, the average transparency, the homogeneity and the area related to the perimeter. These four criteria are then compared to decision values gathered in a table.
  • Such a detection principle leads to limiting the number of light intensity values taken into account per unit area, in order to avoid using rapid and high-capacity processing means which are prohibitively expensive.
  • the difference between the photosensitive cells must be increased, in a non-negligible manner, which leads to a sorting of a relatively insufficient precision, in particular for particles of small dimensions.
  • the present invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks set out above, by proposing a suitable method for ensuring the optical sorting of a mass of particles, such as, in particular, currant, and making it possible to obtain a sorting of very good quality. by virtually eliminating unwanted particles.
  • the present invention also aims to offer a sorting process adapted to limit as much as possible, simultaneously with the mechanical ejection of undesirable particles, the rejection of glass particles.
  • the present invention also aims to provide a sorting process capable of ensuring the elimination of undesirable particles from a mass of particles which have dimensions varying over a wide range.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates, schematically, an optical sorting installation using the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view, on a larger scale, taken substantially along the lines II-II of FIG. 1 and explaining the operation of the sorting device.
  • Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram for implementing the sorting method according to the invention.
  • Figs. 4 to 6 are diagrams showing the shape of the control signals and allow a better understanding of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an installation for optical sorting of a mass of particles, such as, in particular, currant, with a view to separating them into a first category, for example composed of glass particles, and into a second category formed by unwanted particles.
  • the installation comprises a system 1 , of any type known per se, ensuring the storage and discharge of the mass of particles on an inclined plane 2 at least translucent, so as to obtain a monolayer M of particles P i , of a determined width L (fig. 2).
  • This monolayer M passes along the arrow f between a light source 4 extending transversely to the direction of travel of the monolayer and a series of m photosensitive cells 5 arranged, successively, along a line transverse to the monolayer.
  • the photosensitive cells 5 extend over the entire width L of the monolayer and over a height H determined in the direction of travel of the monolayer, which can be considered as a line.
  • the cells 5 are grouped together to form n scanning sectors S1, S2 ... S n .
  • the photosensitive cells 5 are constituted by a strip of photodiodes forming part of a linear camera 6 called "CCD".
  • CCD linear camera 6
  • the camera which can, for example, be equipped with a lens having a focal distance of fifty millimeters, makes it possible to obtain a resolution of seventy four hundredths of a millimeter at the level of the layer of currant for a total width L equal to 128 cm. .
  • the camera 6 is capable of delivering a control signal representative of the light intensity received by each of the photosensitive cells 5 for each of the linear divisions of the monolayer traveling past the camera.
  • This light intensity, received by the camera comes from the source 4 , the light intensity of which is modified by the passage of the particles, in relation to the character of transparency presented by the particles.
  • This control signal is sent to a processing unit 8 adapted to selectively control n ejection members 91, 92, ... 9 n each associated with a scanning sector S1, S2, ... S n , such that this emerges from FIG. 2.
  • Each ejection member is of any type known per se and can be formed, for example, by a hammer.
  • the ejection members are controlled to divert unwanted particles detected by the camera 6 from their trajectory , so as to channel them, onto an evacuation means 10, such as a conveyor belt.
  • the particles of glass not siphoned off fall naturally by gravity along the arrow f1 and are supported by an evacuation means of any conventional type not shown.
  • the control of the ejection 91 organs 92 ... 9 n yours account the time required for the particles to travel the distance between the cells and organs of ejection.
  • the processing unit 8 is adapted to implement a sorting method in accordance with the invention, making it possible to obtain good quality sorting.
  • the sorting process consists determining, for at least a fraction of the particles, the value of the real size and of the real light intensity for each of these selected particles.
  • This actual light intensity corresponds to the amount of light passing through and / or refracted by each particle.
  • the actual size and light intensity are determined only for a light intensity level below a given threshold.
  • the method also consists in establishing experimentally, at least one correspondence table between the theoretical size of the particles of at least one of the categories and the theoretical light intensity for these particles.
  • the method aims to define, from the value of the actual size or the actual light intensity, the theoretical value of the corresponding size or light intensity.
  • This theoretical value of the size or of the light intensity, given by the correspondence table is then compared with the real value of the size or of the light intensity.
  • the ejection member placed on the scanning sector where the particle to be removed is located is controlled to remove this undesirable particle from the monolayer.
  • the sorting method according to the invention which takes account of the relationship between the size and the light intensity of the particles, makes it possible to keep glass particles of large sizes, even if part of the signal delivered by the camera 6 , and corresponding to these large glass particles, has a level comparable to the part of the signal obtained for undesirable particles.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates, by way of example, a processing unit 8 making it possible to implement the sorting method according to the invention.
  • the processing unit 8 receives from the camera 6 a digital signal a comprising m elementary information i1, i2 ... i m each corresponding to the light intensity received by a photosensitive cell 5 and corresponding to the light passing through the particle and / or refracted (fig. 4) .
  • the digital signal is made up of one thousand seven hundred and twenty eight elementary information making it possible to obtain a raw line image corresponding to a photograph of the particles of the monolayer placed, at a given instant, in relation to cells 5 .
  • a scanning clock 12 internal or not to the camera, emits a pulse every five microseconds, to ensure the complete scanning of the thousand seven hundred and twenty eight photosensitive cells 5 .
  • the scanning time of the entire width of the monolayer is therefore of the order of 1 millisecond, which makes it possible to obtain excellent detection sensitivity.
  • a signal is formed, corresponding to a raw line image of the monolayer, giving the light intensity I received by each of the cells 5 over the width L (fig. 4) .
  • the elementary information i1, i2 ... i m making up each signal, is coded, for example on 6 bits, according to a determined gray scale.
  • Such a digital signal a is sent, on the one hand, to a comparator 13 and, on the other hand, to a means 14 for determining the actual light intensity for at least some of the particles.
  • the comparator 13 compares the level of the light intensities of each elementary information i1, i2 ... i m , to a given threshold q , preferably adjustable at will by means of coding wheels R. the comparator 13 controls the means 14 for each of the elementary information items having a light intensity below the given threshold q.
  • the elementary information, having a light intensity greater than the threshold q is considered to correspond to an interval separating the particles or to the passage of glass particles having a high transparency.
  • the means 14 therefore only accepts light information of intensity lower than the threshold q , so that the means 14 receives, in accordance with FIG. 5 , trains t1, t2, ... t i of elementary information each corresponding to at least one particle.
  • the means 14 calculates the real light intensity I R1 , I R2 ... I Ri of each train t1, t2 ... t i by integrating, for each of euw, the level of basic information about the component ( fig. 6 ).
  • the comparator 13 also controls a means 15 for determining the real size X R1 , X R2 ... X Ri of each particle for which the real light intensity has been calculated.
  • the means 15 which is constituted in the example by a counter, receives the information from the scanning clock 12 and counts this information only when the comparator 13 has detected elementary information of intensity level below the threshold q .
  • a real size X R1 , X R2 ... X Ri of the particles is determined, by considering the scanning width assigned to each cell.
  • the comparator 15 is connected to a storage means 16 , such as at least one non-volatile memory in which at least one correspondence table is recorded between the theoretical size X T1 , X T2 , ... X Tj of the particles, by example of glass, and the theoretical light intensity I T1 , I T2 , ... I Tj corresponding to be received theoretically by the cells for these same particles.
  • This theoretical correspondence table between the size and the light intensity of the particles, is determined experimentally for a wide range of size values of the particles likely to appear in the monolayer.
  • the memory 16 stores a family of correspondence tables which can each be selected, for example, using coding wheels R1 .
  • the memory 16 outputs the theoretical value I T1 , I T2 ... I Ti of the light intensity corresponding to the actual size X R1 , X R2 ... X Ri of each of the selected particles.
  • the output of the memory 16 is connected to a comparison means 17 which also receives the data coming from the integrator 14.
  • This comparison means 17 controls a unit 18 for addressing and selecting the organs of ejection, depending on the result of the comparison.
  • the ejection members 91 , 92 ... 9 n are controlled only when the theoretical value of the light intensity I T1 , I T2 ... I Ti of the particles is greater than the actual value of the light intensity I R1 , I R2 ... I Ri of the particles.
  • the addressing and selection unit 18 comprises a frequency divider with counters capable of dividing the scanning frequency delivered by the counter 12 by a number equal to K x n .
  • the counter 21 is able to control a control element 23 , such as a multiplexer, which successively selects the ejection members 9 organes , 92 ... 9 n as a function of the pulses delivered by the counter 21 .
  • a control order issued by the comparison means 17 , appears at the terminals of the multiplexer, the latter controls the ejection member 91 , 92 ... 9 n which is selected by the counter 21 .
  • the multiplexer 23 controls the ejection members by means of power elements 24 of any type known per se.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to control the ejection means 91 , 92 ... 9 n which corresponds to the scanning sector S1 , 2 ... S n comprising the medium of the particle to be ejected.
  • the addressing and selection unit 18 comprises a frequency divider 25 , of value 2 ⁇ K, that is to say of fifty four pulses in the example illustrated.
  • This divider 25 receives the data from counter 20 and is released by means of counter 15. Insofar as this divider 25 counts half as fast as counter 20 , and only for the pulses corresponding to the pulse trains t1 , t2 ... t i , the divider 25 makes it possible to define the middle of each train and, subsequently, the middle of the selected particles.
  • This divider 25 therefore controls a divider 26 by n , that is to say by sixty four, interposed between the counter 21 and the multiplexer 23 .
  • This divider 26 released by the divider 25 , selects the ejection member whose scanning sector which is assigned to it comprises the middle of the particle to be deflected.
  • the sorting device has been described above by considering the successive processing of a raw line image representing a linear fraction of the monolayer.
  • it can be envisaged to analyze, simultaneously, several successive raw line images.
  • provision may be made to record in a memory, for example, three successive raw line images and to process them by performing an average, for each elementary information item corresponding to the same cell.
  • Each average value obtained per cell is then treated according to the method described above.
  • the memory 16 outputs the theoretical value of the light intensity corresponding to the real size.
  • the memory 16 outputs the theoretical value of the size of the particles corresponding to the real light intensity detected. In this case, the theoretical size value is compared to the actual size value.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
EP91420123A 1990-04-12 1991-04-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum digitalen optischen Sortieren einer Masse von Partikeln, insbesondere Glasscherben Withdrawn EP0452235A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9004978A FR2660880B1 (fr) 1990-04-12 1990-04-12 Procede et dispositif de tri optique numerique d'une masse de particules, telle que, notamment du groisil.
FR9004978 1990-04-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0452235A1 true EP0452235A1 (de) 1991-10-16

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EP91420123A Withdrawn EP0452235A1 (de) 1990-04-12 1991-04-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum digitalen optischen Sortieren einer Masse von Partikeln, insbesondere Glasscherben

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EP (1) EP0452235A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2660880B1 (de)
PT (1) PT97306A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0550944A1 (de) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-14 Toyo Glass Company Limited Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von undurchsichtigen Fremdartikeln zwischen durchsichtigen Körpern
EP0562506A2 (de) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-29 BODENSEEWERK GERÄTETECHNIK GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Schüttgut
GB2289942A (en) * 1994-06-03 1995-12-06 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Detecting and separating foreign objects from particulate matter stream
US6144004A (en) * 1998-10-30 2000-11-07 Magnetic Separation Systems, Inc. Optical glass sorting machine and method
WO2006000001A1 (de) * 2004-06-29 2006-01-05 Binder + Co. Ag Detektiervorrichtung zum erkennen von gegenständen in einem materialstrom

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3890221A (en) * 1973-12-14 1975-06-17 Sortex North America Translucency/opaque sorting
FR2576008A1 (fr) * 1985-01-16 1986-07-18 Bsn Dispositif de tri optique du groisil, pour obtenir du calcin, et installation comprenant de tels dispositifs
EP0325558A1 (de) * 1988-01-07 1989-07-26 Vetropack Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Feststellen von Fremdkörpern in einem Strom von für elektromagnetische Strahlung durchlässigen Körpern

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3890221A (en) * 1973-12-14 1975-06-17 Sortex North America Translucency/opaque sorting
FR2576008A1 (fr) * 1985-01-16 1986-07-18 Bsn Dispositif de tri optique du groisil, pour obtenir du calcin, et installation comprenant de tels dispositifs
EP0325558A1 (de) * 1988-01-07 1989-07-26 Vetropack Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Feststellen von Fremdkörpern in einem Strom von für elektromagnetische Strahlung durchlässigen Körpern

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0550944A1 (de) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-14 Toyo Glass Company Limited Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von undurchsichtigen Fremdartikeln zwischen durchsichtigen Körpern
EP0562506A2 (de) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-29 BODENSEEWERK GERÄTETECHNIK GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Schüttgut
EP0562506A3 (de) * 1992-03-27 1995-01-25 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech
GB2289942A (en) * 1994-06-03 1995-12-06 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Detecting and separating foreign objects from particulate matter stream
GB2289942B (en) * 1994-06-03 1998-11-11 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Method and apparatus for detecting and separating foreign objects from a particulate matter stream
US6144004A (en) * 1998-10-30 2000-11-07 Magnetic Separation Systems, Inc. Optical glass sorting machine and method
WO2006000001A1 (de) * 2004-06-29 2006-01-05 Binder + Co. Ag Detektiervorrichtung zum erkennen von gegenständen in einem materialstrom
US7639352B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2009-12-29 Binder + Co. Ag Detection device for identifying objects in a material stream

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT97306A (pt) 1993-05-31
FR2660880B1 (fr) 1994-10-28
FR2660880A1 (fr) 1991-10-18

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