EP0451518B1 - Heat exchange apparatus - Google Patents
Heat exchange apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- EP0451518B1 EP0451518B1 EP91103785A EP91103785A EP0451518B1 EP 0451518 B1 EP0451518 B1 EP 0451518B1 EP 91103785 A EP91103785 A EP 91103785A EP 91103785 A EP91103785 A EP 91103785A EP 0451518 B1 EP0451518 B1 EP 0451518B1
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- tubes
- chamber
- solid particles
- perforated plate
- plate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for heat transfer in which solid particles are guided in an internal circuit, consisting of a housing, pipes held between a lower and an upper tube plate, an inlet chamber with inlet ports below the lower tube plate and a perforated plate arranged therein, and one Outlet chamber with outlet nozzle above the upper tube sheet, with an upper perforated plate with holes forming a prechamber being arranged above the upper tube sheet and at a distance smaller than 10 times the inner diameter of the tubes.
- Devices of this type are referred to as fluidized bed heat exchangers and are used when media have to be cooled or heated that tend to cake or crust. This is the case with liquids in which dissolved substances fail, with suspensions or corresponding gases.
- suitable solid particles are added to the medium to be treated.
- a fundamental problem with all fluidized bed heat exchangers is the distribution of the solid particles as evenly as possible over all tubes.
- this problem is to be solved for a fluidized bed heat exchanger with flow in the same direction in all tubes, ie a fluidized bed heat exchanger without internal recirculation of the swirled particles, in that the tubes located above or below the medium containing the particles contain medium Chamber transverse elements are present, which follow deviations from the regular flow behavior in the respective chamber and thereby have a regulating effect in such a way that they prevent the particle-containing material from flowing back through the pipes to the flow chamber located below.
- This effect is advantageously influenced by the fact that, at a distance from the tube plate delimiting the respective chamber on the tube side and parallel to it, there is a transverse wall which is permeable to the particle-containing fluid.
- the distance of this transverse wall from the tube sheet adjacent to it preferably corresponds to 1 to 6 times the diameter of the cross-movable elements.
- measures are required to keep the solid particles in the heat exchanger even when the system is at a standstill, to ensure an optimal circuit in stationary operation and to reliably prevent the solid particles from being discharged together with the treated medium.
- Such a heat exchanger is described for example in DE-OS 34 32 864.
- a problem with the known fluidized bed heat exchangers is the pressure pulsation in the outlet chamber, which impairs or prevents the uniform flow through the tubes. Another problem is the relatively long start-up phase until particle recirculation has started.
- the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type described above, in which, unaffected by the pressure pulsations in the outlet chamber, a uniform upward flow is achieved and maintained in the risers, the start of the flow reversal favors the start-up of the device and the setting of a stable one internal circulation of the solid particles is effected, and a particle discharge from the outlet chamber is prevented.
- the upper perforated plate located above the upper tube sheet and provided with holes has at least one passage opening which is large in relation to the holes and that at least one separating plate is arranged between the upper tube sheet and the upper perforated plate which delimits the antechamber from the passage opening .
- the medium to be treated that is to say to be heated or cooled, is fed to a heat exchanger of this type via an inlet connection at the lower end. It hits a baffle, one uniform flow distribution across the entire heat exchanger cross section.
- the solid particles are held in the holes between the lower perforated plate in the space between the latter and the lower tube plate due to the high flow velocity of the medium. They flow through the risers together with the medium to be treated. They emerge from the upper end of the pipes and do not get into the outlet chamber as usual, but into the antechamber, which is formed by the upper tube sheet, the housing, an upper perforated plate and at least one separating plate.
- the distance between the upper perforated plate and the upper tube plate is less than 10 times the diameter of the heat exchanger tubes, so that the solid particles are transported through the holes and there is no particle jam in the prechamber.
- a small number of tubes in relation to the total number of heat exchanger tubes works as downpipes. These open into one or more passage openings in the upper perforated plate, which is or are delimited from the prechamber by one or more separating plates.
- the downpipes are arranged as a group in the center of the risers.
- the upper perforated plate has only one passage opening for all downpipes.
- a fluidized bed forms in the outlet chamber, which widens upwards and to which new solid particles are continuously fed from below through the holes in the upper perforated plate. This leads to a particle transport transverse to the main flow direction of the treated medium in the direction of the passage opening (s).
- all pipes, including the downpipes are flowed through from bottom to top.
- the aforementioned transverse transport of the solid particles in the outlet chamber leads to a particle jam above the freely accessible openings of the downpipes and thus to a pressure build-up. This build-up of pressure slows down and ultimately reverses the flow in the downpipes. This leads to the desired return transport of the solid particles through the downpipes back into the inlet chamber.
- the top perforated plate ensures a very stable internal circulation of the solid particles.
- a particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that it is very simple in terms of construction and manufacturing technology and that mechanical machining of the upper tube plate and the upper perforated plate is not necessary beyond the introduction of the bores or the holes.
- the distance between the upper perforated plate and the upper tube plate is between 1 and 5 times the diameter of the heat exchanger tubes, since in this area the influence of the pulsation in the outlet chamber on the tube flow is sufficiently damped, and that a particle jam in the Pre-chamber formed by tube plate and perforated plate is avoided.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides before, dimension the holes in the upper perforated plate so that a flow rate of the treated medium is established in the area of the holes, which is 1.5 times to 5 times the rate of sinking of a single solid particle.
- the ratio of the diameter of the holes to the inside diameter of the tubes is 0.1 to 1, preferably 0.5 to 1.
- the device for heat transfer has a housing 1 with an inlet nozzle 2 for the medium to be treated and an outlet nozzle 3 for the medium being treated. Inside the device, vertical risers 6 and downpipes 7 are held between a lower tube sheet 4 and an upper tube sheet 5.
- the solid particles carried in the circuit by the medium to be treated are designated by 8.
- Below the lower tube sheet 4 is the inlet chamber 9, in which a baffle plate 10 and a lower perforated plate 11 with holes 12 are arranged.
- the diameter of the baffle plate 10 which is preferably designed as a dished bottom, is larger than the diameter of the Inlet nozzle 2.
- the inlet nozzle 2 protrudes into the inlet chamber 9 and, in cooperation with the baffle plate 10, prevents due to the geometric conditions that solid particles 8 can fall out of the heat exchanger downwards.
- the heat exchanger tubes 6 and 7 project with their lower ends through the lower tube sheet 4 into the part of the inlet chamber 9 lying between this and the lower perforated plate 11, the ends of the downpipes 7 being longer than the ends of the riser tubes 6
- Baffle plate 10 is arranged between the lower perforated plate 11 and inlet connector 2.
- Above the upper tube sheet 5 and at a defined distance from it is an upper perforated plate 13 with holes 14, which has at least one passage opening 15 for the passage of the return flow.
- the space formed between the upper tube sheet 5 and the upper perforated plate 13, referred to as the prechamber, is designated 16 and is separated from the passage opening 15 by at least one separating plate 17.
- the heating or cooling medium is supplied via the supply connection 18, flows around the pipes 6 and 7 and, after heating, cooling or condensation, is removed again from the heat exchange device via the discharge connection 19. From the outlet chamber 20, which widens upward above the upper tube sheet 5, the precipitated solid particles 8 flow downward again through the downpipes 6 and the treated medium is discharged via the outlet nozzle 3.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Wärmeübertragung, in der Feststoffpartikel in einem internen Kreislauf geführt werden, bestehend aus einem Gehäuse, zwischen einer unteren und einer oberen Rohrplatte gehaltenen Rohren, einer Einlaufkammer mit Eintrittsstutzen unterhalb des unteren Rohrbodens und einer darin angeordneten Lochplatte sowie einer Austrittskammer mit Austrittsstutzen oberhalb des oberen Rohrbodens, wobei oberhalb des oberen Rohrbodens und mit einem Abstand kleiner als der 10-fache Innendurchmesser der Rohre zu diesem eine eine Vorkammer bildende obere Lochplatte mit Löchern angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a device for heat transfer in which solid particles are guided in an internal circuit, consisting of a housing, pipes held between a lower and an upper tube plate, an inlet chamber with inlet ports below the lower tube plate and a perforated plate arranged therein, and one Outlet chamber with outlet nozzle above the upper tube sheet, with an upper perforated plate with holes forming a prechamber being arranged above the upper tube sheet and at a distance smaller than 10 times the inner diameter of the tubes.
Vorrichtungen dieser Art werden als Wirbelschicht-Wärmeaustauscher bezeichnet und kommen zum Einsatz, wenn Medien zu kühlen oder aufzuheizen sind, die zu Anbackungen oder Verkrustungen neigen. Dies ist der Fall bei Flüssigkeiten, bei denen darin gelöste Stoffe ausfallen, bei Suspensionen oder entsprechenden Gasen. Um solche Anbackungen oder Verkrustungen zu vermeiden, werden dem zu behandelnden Medium geeignete Feststoffpartikel beigemischt. Dabei ist zu unterscheiden zwischen Vorrichtungen, bei denen die Feststoffpartikel dem zu behandelnden Medium vor dem Wärmetauscher zugegeben werden und diesen zusammen mit dem Medium durchströmen und solchen, bei denen die Feststoffpartikel innerhalb des Wärmetauschers in einem internen Kreislauf gehalten und geführt werden. Grundsätzliches Problem bei allen Wirbelschichtwärmetauschern ist die möglichst gleichmäßige Verteilung der Feststoffpartikel auf alle Rohre.Devices of this type are referred to as fluidized bed heat exchangers and are used when media have to be cooled or heated that tend to cake or crust. This is the case with liquids in which dissolved substances fail, with suspensions or corresponding gases. In order to avoid such caking or incrustation, suitable solid particles are added to the medium to be treated. A distinction must be made between devices in which the solid particles are added to the medium to be treated in front of the heat exchanger and flow through them together with the medium and those in which the solid particles are held and guided in an internal circuit within the heat exchanger. A fundamental problem with all fluidized bed heat exchangers is the distribution of the solid particles as evenly as possible over all tubes.
Gemäß der DE-A-29 06 001 soll dieses Problem für einen Wirbelschichtwärmeaustauscher mit in allen Rohren gleichsinniger Durchströmung, d.h. einen Wirbelschichtwärmeaustauscher ohne innere Rückführung der verwirbelten Teilchen dadurch gelöst werden, daß in der oberhalb bzw. unterhalb der von dem partikelhaltigen Medium durchströmten Rohre befindlichen Kammer querbewegbare Elemente vorhanden sind, die Abweichungen vom regulären Strömungsverhalten in der jeweiligen Kammer folgen und dabei dahingehend regulierend wirken, daß sie eine Rückströmung des partikelhaltigen Guts durch die Rohre zur unten liegenden Anströmkammer verhindern. Diese Wirkung wird vorteilhaft dadurch beeinflußt, daß sich im Abstand des die jeweilige Kammer rohrseitig begrenzenden Rohrbodens und parallel zu diesem eine für das teilchenhaltige Fluid durchlässige Querwand befindet. Der Abstand dieser Querwand von dem ihr benachbarten Rohrboden entspricht vorzugsweise dem 1- bis 6-fachen des Durchmessers der querbewegbaren Elemente. Bei Wirbelschichtwärmeaustauschern mit internem Partikelkreislauf sind Maßnahmen erforderlich, um die Feststoffpartikel auch bei Stillstand der Anlage im Wärmetauscher zu halten, einen optimalen Kreislauf im stationären Betrieb zu gewährleisten und einen Austrag der Feststoffpartikel zusammen mit dem behandelten Medium sicher zu verhindern. Ein solcher Wärmetauscher ist beispielsweise in DE-OS 34 32 864 beschrieben. Ein Problem bei den bekannten Wirbelschichtwärmetauschern stellt die Druckpulsation in der Austrittskammer dar, die die gleichmäßige Durchströmung der Rohre beeinträchtigt oder verhindert. Ein weiteres Problem besteht in der relativ langen Anfahrphase, bis die Partikelrezirkulation in Gang gekommen ist.According to DE-A-29 06 001, this problem is to be solved for a fluidized bed heat exchanger with flow in the same direction in all tubes, ie a fluidized bed heat exchanger without internal recirculation of the swirled particles, in that the tubes located above or below the medium containing the particles contain medium Chamber transverse elements are present, which follow deviations from the regular flow behavior in the respective chamber and thereby have a regulating effect in such a way that they prevent the particle-containing material from flowing back through the pipes to the flow chamber located below. This effect is advantageously influenced by the fact that, at a distance from the tube plate delimiting the respective chamber on the tube side and parallel to it, there is a transverse wall which is permeable to the particle-containing fluid. The distance of this transverse wall from the tube sheet adjacent to it preferably corresponds to 1 to 6 times the diameter of the cross-movable elements. In the case of fluidized-bed heat exchangers with an internal particle circuit, measures are required to keep the solid particles in the heat exchanger even when the system is at a standstill, to ensure an optimal circuit in stationary operation and to reliably prevent the solid particles from being discharged together with the treated medium. Such a heat exchanger is described for example in DE-OS 34 32 864. A problem with the known fluidized bed heat exchangers is the pressure pulsation in the outlet chamber, which impairs or prevents the uniform flow through the tubes. Another problem is the relatively long start-up phase until particle recirculation has started.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, bei der unbeeinflußt von den Druckpulsationen in der Austrittskammer eine gleichmäßige Aufwärtsströmung in den Steigrohren erzielt und aufrechterhalten wird, im Anfahrbetrieb der Vorrichtung das Ingangkommen der Strömungsumkehr begünstigt und die Einstellung eines stabilen internen Kreislaufs der Feststoffpartikel bewirkt wird, sowie ein Partikelaustrag aus der Austrittskammer verhindert wird.The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type described above, in which, unaffected by the pressure pulsations in the outlet chamber, a uniform upward flow is achieved and maintained in the risers, the start of the flow reversal favors the start-up of the device and the setting of a stable one internal circulation of the solid particles is effected, and a particle discharge from the outlet chamber is prevented.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die oberhalb des oberen Rohrbodens befindliche, mit Löchern versehene obere Lochplatte mindestens eine im Verhältnis zu den Löchern große Durchtrittsöffnung aufweist und daß zwischen oberem Rohrboden und oberer Lochplatte mindestens ein Trennblech angeordnet ist, das die Vorkammer gegen die Durchtrittsöffnung abgrenzt.This object is achieved in that the upper perforated plate located above the upper tube sheet and provided with holes has at least one passage opening which is large in relation to the holes and that at least one separating plate is arranged between the upper tube sheet and the upper perforated plate which delimits the antechamber from the passage opening .
Das zu behandelnde, das heißt aufzuheizende oder abzukühlende Medium wird einem Wärmetauscher dieser Art über einen Eintrittsstutzen am unteren Ende zugeführt. Es trifft auf ein Prallblech, das eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Strömung auf den gesamten Wärmetauscher-Querschnitt bewirkt. Die Feststoffpartikel werden aufgrund der hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Mediums in den Löchern der unteren Lochplatte in dem Raum zwischen dieser und dem unteren Rohrboden gehalten. Sie durchströmen zusammen mit dem zu behandelnden Medium die Steigrohre. Sie treten am oberen Ende der Rohre aus und gelangen nicht wie üblich in die Austrittskammer, sondern in die Vorkammer, die von dem oberen Rohrboden, dem Gehäuse, einer oberen Lochplatte und mindestens einem Trennblech gebildet wird. Der Abstand der oberen Lochplatte von dem oberen Rohrboden ist kleiner als der 10fache Druchmesser der Wärmetauscherrohre, so daß die Feststoffpartikel durch die Löcher transportiert werden und kein Partikelstau in der Vorkammer entsteht. Infolge des durch die obere Lochplatte erzeugten Druckverlustes sowie des in der Vorkammer stattfindenden Druckausgleiches bleibt die Strömung in den Austrittsöffnungen der Steigrohre unbeeinflußt von den Turbulenzen der sich oberhalb der Lochplatte aufbauenden Wirbelschicht. Hierdurch wird eine stabile Aufwärtsströmung in den Steigrohren gewährleistet.The medium to be treated, that is to say to be heated or cooled, is fed to a heat exchanger of this type via an inlet connection at the lower end. It hits a baffle, one uniform flow distribution across the entire heat exchanger cross section. The solid particles are held in the holes between the lower perforated plate in the space between the latter and the lower tube plate due to the high flow velocity of the medium. They flow through the risers together with the medium to be treated. They emerge from the upper end of the pipes and do not get into the outlet chamber as usual, but into the antechamber, which is formed by the upper tube sheet, the housing, an upper perforated plate and at least one separating plate. The distance between the upper perforated plate and the upper tube plate is less than 10 times the diameter of the heat exchanger tubes, so that the solid particles are transported through the holes and there is no particle jam in the prechamber. As a result of the pressure loss generated by the upper perforated plate and the pressure equalization taking place in the prechamber, the flow in the outlet openings of the risers remains unaffected by the turbulence of the fluidized bed building up above the perforated plate. This ensures a stable upward flow in the risers.
Ein im Verhältnis zur Gesamtzahl der Wärmetauscherrohre kleine Zahl von Rohren arbeitet als Fallrohre. Diese münden in eine oder mehrere Durchtrittsöffnungen in der oberen Lochplatte, die durch ein oder mehrere Trennbleche gegen die Vorkammer abgegrenzt ist bzw. sind.A small number of tubes in relation to the total number of heat exchanger tubes works as downpipes. These open into one or more passage openings in the upper perforated plate, which is or are delimited from the prechamber by one or more separating plates.
Die Fall rohre sind bei kleineren Wärmetauschern als Gruppe im Zentrum der Steigrohre angeordnet. In diesem Fall weist die obere Lochplatte nur eine Durchtrittsöffnung gemeinsam für alle Fallrohre auf.In smaller heat exchangers, the downpipes are arranged as a group in the center of the risers. In this case, the upper perforated plate has only one passage opening for all downpipes.
Bei großen Abmessungen kann es vorteilhaft sein, die vorgesehene Zahl von Fallrohren in mehrere, auf den Querschnitt verteilte Gruppen aufzuteilen und jeder dieser Gruppen eine Durchschnittsöffnung zuzuordnen.In the case of large dimensions, it can be advantageous to divide the intended number of downspouts into several groups distributed over the cross section and to assign an average opening to each of these groups.
In der sich nach oben erweiternden Austrittskammer bildet sich eine Wirbelschicht aus, welcher von unten durch die Löcher der oberen Lochplatte ständig neue Feststoffpartikel zugeführt werden. Dies führt zu einem Partikeltransport quer zur Hauptströmungsrichtung des behandelten Mediums in Richtung der Durchtrittsöffnung(en). Beim Anfahren des Wärmetauschers werden zunächst alle Rohre, also auch die Fallrohre von unten nach oben durchströmt. Der erwähnte Quertransport der Feststoffpartikel in der Austrittskammer führt zu einem Partikelstau oberhalb der frei zugänglichen Öffnungen der Fall rohre und damit zu einem Druckaufbau. Dieser Druckaufbau führt zu einer Verlangsamung und schließlich zu einer Umkehr der Strömung in den Fallrohren. Das führt zu dem erwünschten Rücktransport der Feststoffpartikel durch die Fall rohre zurück in die Einlaufkammer. Durch die obere Lochplatte wird ein sehr stabiler interner Kreislauf der Feststoffpartikel gewährleistet.A fluidized bed forms in the outlet chamber, which widens upwards and to which new solid particles are continuously fed from below through the holes in the upper perforated plate. This leads to a particle transport transverse to the main flow direction of the treated medium in the direction of the passage opening (s). When the heat exchanger starts up, all pipes, including the downpipes, are flowed through from bottom to top. The aforementioned transverse transport of the solid particles in the outlet chamber leads to a particle jam above the freely accessible openings of the downpipes and thus to a pressure build-up. This build-up of pressure slows down and ultimately reverses the flow in the downpipes. This leads to the desired return transport of the solid particles through the downpipes back into the inlet chamber. The top perforated plate ensures a very stable internal circulation of the solid particles.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung hat gegenüber den bekannten Vorrichtungen wesentliche Vorteile:
- Die Durchströmung der Steigrohre ist vollkommen gleichmäßig und unbeeinflußt von den örtlichen Druckpulsationen in der Austrittskammer.
- Die Partikelrezirkulation wird durch den Höhenunterschied zwischen der oberen Lochplatte und dem oberen Rohrboden unterstützt.
- Der im Verhältnis zum Strömungsquerschnitt der Fallrohre (auch als Rückführrohre bezeichnet) große Querschnitt der von dem oder den Trennblechen abgegrenzten Durchstrittöffnungen oberhalb der Fallrohrgruppe führt zu einer Verringerung der beim Anfahren auch in den Fallrohren nach oben gerichteten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, wodurch das Ingangkommen der Partikelrezirkulation und die Strömungsumkehr wesentlich erleichtert werden.
- Die mit Abstand vom oberen Rohrboden angeordnete Lochplatte dämpft die infolge der Pulsationen der Wirbelschicht in der Eintrittkammer initiierten Durchflußschwankungen in den Steigrohren und bewirkt so eine deutliche Beruhigung des Wirbelbettes in der Austrittskammer. Hierdurch wird die Gefahr des Partikelaustrages aus der Austrittskammer wesentlich verringert.
- The flow through the risers is completely even and unaffected by the local pressure pulsations in the outlet chamber.
- Particle recirculation is supported by the difference in height between the upper perforated plate and the upper tube sheet.
- The large cross-section in relation to the flow cross-section of the downpipes (also referred to as return pipes) of the through-openings delimited by the separating plate (s) above the downpipe group leads to a reduction in the upward flow velocity when starting up, also in the downpipes, which means that particle recirculation comes into play and the flow reverses be made much easier.
- The perforated plate, which is arranged at a distance from the upper tube plate, dampens the flow fluctuations in the riser tubes which are initiated as a result of the pulsations of the fluidized bed in the inlet chamber and thus brings about a significant calming of the fluidized bed in the outlet chamber. This significantly reduces the risk of particle discharge from the outlet chamber.
Ein besonderer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß sie konstruktiv und fertigungstechnisch sehr einfach ist und eine mechanische Bearbeitung des oberen Rohrbodens und der oberen Lochplatte über das Einbringen der Bohrungen beziehungsweise der Löcher hinaus nicht erforderlich ist.A particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that it is very simple in terms of construction and manufacturing technology and that mechanical machining of the upper tube plate and the upper perforated plate is not necessary beyond the introduction of the bores or the holes.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Abstand der oberen Lochplatte vom oberen Rohrboden zwischen dem 1fachen bis 5fachen Durchmesser der Wärmetauscherrohre liegt, da in diesem Bereich einerseits der Einfluß der Pulsation in der Austrittskammer auf die Rohrströmung ausreichend gedämpft wird, und daß andererseits ein Partikelstau in der durch Rohrboden und Lochplatte gebildeten Vorkammer vermieden wird.It is particularly advantageous if the distance between the upper perforated plate and the upper tube plate is between 1 and 5 times the diameter of the heat exchanger tubes, since in this area the influence of the pulsation in the outlet chamber on the tube flow is sufficiently damped, and that a particle jam in the Pre-chamber formed by tube plate and perforated plate is avoided.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, die Löcher in der oberen Lochplatte so zu dimensionieren, daß sich im Bereich der Löcher eine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des behandelten Mediums einstellt, die beim 1,5fachen bis 5fachen Wert der Sinkgeschwindigkeit eines einzelnen Feststoffpartikels liegt. Dazu ist vorgesehen, daß das Verhältnis des Durchmessers der Löcher zum Innendurchmesser der Rohre 0,1 bis 1, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 1 beträgt.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides before, dimension the holes in the upper perforated plate so that a flow rate of the treated medium is established in the area of the holes, which is 1.5 times to 5 times the rate of sinking of a single solid particle. For this purpose, it is provided that the ratio of the diameter of the holes to the inside diameter of the tubes is 0.1 to 1, preferably 0.5 to 1.
Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, die Löcher in der oberen Lochplatte so anzuordnen, daß sie jeweils genau über einem Steigrohr liegen. Im Zusammenwirken mit einem entsprechend gewählten Abstand der oberen Lochplatte vom oberen Rohrboden wird dadurch gewährleistet, daß die aus den oberen Öffnungen der Steigrohre austretenden Partikel direkt in die Löcher der Lochplatte transportiert werden und ein Partikelstau in der Vorkammer sicher vermieden wird.It is particularly advantageous to arrange the holes in the upper perforated plate so that they lie exactly above a riser pipe. In cooperation with an appropriately selected distance of the upper perforated plate from the upper tube plate, this ensures that the particles emerging from the upper openings of the riser pipes are transported directly into the holes in the perforated plate and particle jam in the antechamber is reliably avoided.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Figur dargestellt und im folgenden näher beschreiben:An embodiment of the invention is shown in the figure and described in more detail below:
Die Vorrichtung zur Wärmeübertragung weist ein Gehäuse 1 mit einem Eintrittsstutzen 2 für das zu behandelnde und einem Ausstrittsstutzen 3 für das behandelte Medium auf. Im Inneren der Vorrichtung sind zwischen einem unteren Rohrboden 4 und einem oberen Rohrboden 5 vertikale Steigrohre 6 und Fallrohre 7 gehalten. Die von dem zu behandelnden Medium im Kreislauf mitgeführten Feststoffpartikel sind mit 8 bezeichnet. Unterhalb des unteren Rohrbodens 4 befindet sich die Einlaufkammer 9, in der ein Prallblech 10, und eine untere Lochplatte 11 mit Löchern 12 angeordnet sind. Der Durchmesser des Prallbleches 10, das vorzugsweise als Klöpperboden ausgeführt ist, ist größer als der Durchmesser der Eintrittsstutzen 2. Der Eintrittstutzen 2 ragt in die Einlaufkammer 9 hinein und verhindert im Zusammenwirken mit dem Prallblech 10 aufgrund der geometrischen Verhältnisse, daß Feststoffpartikel 8 nach unten aus dem Wärmetauscher ausfallen können. Die Wärmetauscherrohre 6 und 7 ragen im Ausführungsbeispiel mit ihren unteren Enden durch den unteren Rohrboden 4 hindurch in den zwischen diesem und der unteren Lochplatte 11 liegenden Teil der Einlaufkammer 9 hinein, wobei die Enden der Fallrohre 7 länger sind als die Enden der Steigrohre 6. Das Prallblech 10 ist zwischen unterer Lochplatte 11 und Eintrittsstutzen 2 angeordnet. Oberhalb des oberen Rohrbodens 5 und mit definiertem Abstand zu diesem ist eine obere Lochplatte 13 mit Löcher 14 angeordnet, die mindestens eine Durchtrittsöffnung 15 für den Durchstritt des Rücklaufstromes aufweist. Der zwischen oberem Rohrboden 5 und oberer Lochplatte 13 gebildete, als Vorkammer bezeichnete Raum ist mit 16 bezeichnet und wird durch mindestens ein Trennblech 17 von der Durchtrittsöffnung 15 getrennt. Das Heiz- oder Kühlmedium wird über den Zuführstutzen 18 zugeführt, umströmt die Rohre 6 und 7 und wird nach Erwärmung, Abkühlung oder Kondensation über den Abführstutzen 19 wieder aus der Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung abgeführt. Aus der oberhalb des oberen Rohrbodens 5, sich nach oben erweiternden Austrittskammer 20 strömen die ausfallenden Feststoffpartikel 8 durch die Fallrohre 6 wieder nach unten und das behandelte Medium wird über den Austrittsstutzen 3 abgeführt.The device for heat transfer has a
Claims (4)
- A device for heat transfer, in which solid particles are guided in an internal circuit consisting of a housing, tubes held between a lower tube plate and an upper tube plate, an inlet chamber with inlet connection piece below the lower tube bulkhead and an orifice plate arranged therein as well as an outlet chamber with outlet connection piece above the upper tube bulkhead, wherein above the upper tube bulkhead (5) and at a distance smaller than ten times the inner diameter of the tubes (6, 7), relative to this bulkhead, there is arranged an upper orifice plate (13) with orifices (14) forming a pre-chamber (16), characterised in that this upper orifice plate (13) has at least one passage opening (15) which is large in relation to the orifices (14) and in that arranged between the upper tube bulkhead (5) and the upper orifice plate (13) there is at least one separating metal sheet (17), which delimits the pre-chamber (16) relative to the passage opening (15).
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the spacing of the upper orifice plate (13) is between one times and five times the diameter of the tubes (6, 7).
- A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the ratio of the diameter of the orifices (14) to the internal diameter of the tubes (6, 7) is 0.1 to 1, preferably 0.5 to 1.
- A device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the orifices (14) in the upper orifice plate (13) lie exactly above the tubes (6, 7).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT9191103785T ATE105399T1 (en) | 1990-03-31 | 1991-03-13 | DEVICE FOR HEAT TRANSFER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4010478A DE4010478A1 (en) | 1990-03-31 | 1990-03-31 | DEVICE FOR HEAT TRANSFER |
| DE4010478 | 1990-03-31 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0451518A2 EP0451518A2 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
| EP0451518A3 EP0451518A3 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| EP0451518B1 true EP0451518B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 |
Family
ID=6403530
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91103785A Expired - Lifetime EP0451518B1 (en) | 1990-03-31 | 1991-03-13 | Heat exchange apparatus |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0451518B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE105399T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4010478A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2422965A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Klarex Beheer B.V. | Apparatus for carrying out a physical and/or chemical process, such as a heat exchanger |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1442783A1 (en) * | 1964-02-01 | 1969-01-09 | Meissner Fa Josef | Contact furnace with fluid bed catalyst |
| NL181753C (en) * | 1978-02-16 | 1987-10-16 | Esmil Bv | Apparatus for operating physical and / or chemical processes comprising a bundle of parallel and vertically arranged pipes. |
| NL187770C (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1992-01-02 | Esmil Bv | FLOW-UP DEVICE FOR A LIQUID MEDIUM CONTAINING A FLUIDISABLE GRAIN MASS. |
| NL8102307A (en) * | 1981-05-12 | 1982-12-01 | Esmil Bv | Apparatus and method for thickening by evaporation of a liquid. |
| DE3248502A1 (en) * | 1982-12-29 | 1984-07-05 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | METHOD FOR TEMPERATURE A VESSEL ARRANGED IN A TUBE REACTOR IN THE FORM OF A FIXED BED AND AN ARRANGEMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| DE3818819C2 (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1997-09-25 | Sgl Technik Gmbh | Heat transfer device |
| DE3831385C2 (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1997-06-12 | Sgl Technik Gmbh | Method and device for operating a tube bundle apparatus |
-
1990
- 1990-03-31 DE DE4010478A patent/DE4010478A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-03-13 EP EP91103785A patent/EP0451518B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-13 AT AT9191103785T patent/ATE105399T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-13 DE DE59101536T patent/DE59101536D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE105399T1 (en) | 1994-05-15 |
| DE4010478A1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
| DE59101536D1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| EP0451518A3 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| EP0451518A2 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
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