EP0451512A1 - Process for coating impeller blades - Google Patents

Process for coating impeller blades Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451512A1
EP0451512A1 EP91103660A EP91103660A EP0451512A1 EP 0451512 A1 EP0451512 A1 EP 0451512A1 EP 91103660 A EP91103660 A EP 91103660A EP 91103660 A EP91103660 A EP 91103660A EP 0451512 A1 EP0451512 A1 EP 0451512A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blades
protective layer
subjected
flame spraying
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91103660A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0451512B1 (en
Inventor
Tibor Koromzay
Sejko Kolev
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ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
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ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/002—Cleaning of turbomachines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for coating blades according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the air drawn in by the compressor also contains water vapor and solid and gaseous impurities. These have a negative impact due to erosion, pollution and corrosion.
  • the deposits on the blades sometimes have a considerable concentration of corrosive components such as NaCl and KCl.
  • the salts also lead to increased pitting corrosion in the compressor area and to a complex chemical reduction in the strength of the blade material.
  • water vapor concentration occurs in the compressor inlet area, which explains the increased corrosion attack of the front rows of blades.
  • blades of rotating thermal machines are often provided with protective layers. This is used both for steam and gas turbine blades and for compressor blades.
  • the main thing is to increase resistance to corrosion and oxidizing attacks as well as erosion and wear (wear and tear). If, despite the surface treatment, the blades show damage whose degree could jeopardize operational safety, you proceed to Removing the blades: either they are replaced with new ones or reconditioned and reinstalled. This removal and installation is associated with relatively high costs and time. Furthermore, the actual state of the blading is only visible after a relatively long time, ie after pre-cleaning, so the decision as to whether or not reconditioning of the blades is feasible or already necessary can only be made much later. The disadvantages of this method are the great loss of time, the higher operating costs of the system, higher costs for revisions and the uncertainty about the question of the reconditionability of the blades.
  • This sintering or baking process during coating consists of a heat treatment at approx. 350 degrees Celsius over a holding time of approx. 10-12 hours.
  • quite large plants with a specific geometric configuration must be provided for carrying out the individual process steps, just think that during the sintering process the entire bladed part of the rotor must be enclosed by a furnace cover.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims, is based on the object of proposing a more rational method for reconditioning the blades with a method of the type mentioned with regard to the times required and the costs involved.
  • the object of the invention is also to maximize the life of the coating by means of suitable methods and protective layers.
  • the bladed rotor does not have to be lifted out of its storage in the stator for the first process of reconditioning: the cleaning or protective layer removal can be done before the machine, ie the compressor, is actually switched off, i.e. during a Final phase of the operation ("on line"). A uniform loading of the blades to be treated is thus achieved, the efficiency of this cleaning process thus achieved, which ensures extensive removal of any protective layer that may be present, making an immediate decision about the reconditionability of the blades possible. This decision can be made after the machine has been switched off and the upper part of the stator has been removed.
  • the blades pretreated in the installed state receive a suitable protective layer, preferably based on Si and Al, locally and as required, this coating method without heat treatment over longer periods and can be carried out without the help of special additional systems.
  • a suitable protective layer preferably based on Si and Al
  • this coating method without heat treatment over longer periods and can be carried out without the help of special additional systems.
  • the service life of this type of coating is much longer than that of the layers currently used for this so-called complete coating. Since the pretreatment of the blades or the post-treatment after spraying on the protective layer is of great importance for the life of the coating, immediate corrections can be made depending on the determined need. What is created in a very short time with low reconditioning costs by means of a process of high environmental compatibility is top-quality blading, which guarantees the operational safety of the system over a longer period of time.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional gas turbine group 11, consisting essentially of a compressor part 11a, a combustion chamber 11b and a turbine part 11c.
  • a distinction must be made as to whether they were uncoated or coated in their original condition. Irrespective of this requirement, the blades are cleaned for the first time before the machine, ie the compressor, is switched off. In the case of coated blades, this cleaning is preferably based on erosion by means of a soft jet granulate. Of course, the cleaning of uncoated blades can only be carried out using an aqueous solvent, for example trichlorethylene. Through a centrally placed three-jet nozzle 1 (see also Fig.
  • the circuit relating to the multi-jet nozzle 1 consists of a ball valve 2, which is connected downstream of a mixing chamber 3 in the direction of flow of the cleaning agent and serves to regulate the quantity.
  • the pressure in this mixing chamber 3 is represented by a manometer 7.
  • a container 4 is provided upstream of the mixing chamber 3, in which, for example, a granulate is in stock, a sieve 5 and an inlet valve 6 each ensuring that the mixing chamber 3 is supplied with a homogeneous material.
  • the required pressure in the container 4 is provided via an air supply line 10, a pressure reducing valve 8 and a main valve 9 in the air line being further aids of the circuit. Appropriate precautions can also be used to treat turbine blading.
  • the blades are subjected to further cleaning or protective layer removal. This is done, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, by means of an oscillating, erosive bath 14.
  • the bladed rotor 11a and 11c is removed from the stator and placed on trestles 13a and 13b in such a way that a certain part of the blading immersed in the bath 14.
  • the individual are erosive by means of a vibration generator 15 Components of the bath 14 are excited to vibrate, whereupon the residual dirt or the residual protective layer on the blades is removed.
  • all blade types of a rotor of a gas turbine group can be treated with it.
  • a final cleaning is carried out according to FIG. 5 with an industrial glass blasting agent 18. This final cleaning is based on erosion removal by the means mentioned, which can consist of glass. A certain part of the blading is covered with a special capsule 16; with simultaneous suction 19 of the injected agent, cleaning is accomplished using one or more jet nozzles 17.
  • FIG. 6 shows one way in which the high speed flame spraying process can be carried out.
  • a sheath 16 accessible from the side is provided, which encircles a number of prepared blades.
  • the protective layer is applied to the blades by means of a spray nozzle 20, it being readily possible to guide the jet nozzle 20 manually.
  • a suction device 19 ensures that excess agent can be removed immediately from the area surrounding the blades.
  • the chemical structure of the above protective layers as well the application process (high-speed flame spraying process) also described above provides a less erosion-sensitive "sacrificial anode" layer, which actively protects the base material against corrosion.
  • the application process which is a high-energy coating process, provides well-adhering and erosion-resistant protective layers, which have the desired electrical connection to the base material without further protective layer-specific aftertreatment.
  • the proposed protective layers can additionally be provided with a cover layer. This protective layer can be black, for example. Such a dirt-repellent cover layer enables ice to be more easily recognized on the blades by means of ice detectors.
  • the high-speed flame spraying process which runs at a particle speed of at least 300 m / s, represents an optimal interlocking of the coating with the base material of the blades. Even with a thicker protective layer, it is ensured that the coating does not flake off. This can be explained by the fact that when the powder particles impact, the high kinetic energy creates residual compressive stresses in the previously sprayed layer. The maximized resistance to erosion is due to the fact that the layers used here have a very high hardness.
  • the method proposed here results in the oxide content of the layer being lower than in the case of protective layers sprayed in air. This means that the layer is cleaner, which is why it oxidizes less quickly, with oxidation only occurring on the surface at most.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for coating the impeller blades of a rotating heat engine, the said blades are subjected in the operating state of the engine, i.e. "on line", to a first cleaning process, the appropriate agent for this, which depends on whether the blades are uncoated or coated, being mixed in the air stream to the compressor. After switching off the engine and opening it, the impeller blades are subjected in the stationary state, that is in the bladed state of the corresponding rotor or stator, to a preparation process for the following treatment stage. This preparation process may, for example, comprise, if required, dipping the blades into an oscillating erosive bath. The actual coating of the blades is performed by means of a high-speed flame spraying process, in which the protective layer is sprayed onto the surface of the base material at a particle speed of at least 300 m/s. After this, the blades are also subjected to a post-treatment, which if required serves to reduce the surface roughness and/or is provided for applying a top layer. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beschichten von Schaufeln gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a method for coating blades according to the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Beispielsweise im offenen Gasturbinenprozess enthält die vom Verdichter angesaugte Luft auch Wasserdampf sowie feste und gasförmige Verunreinigungen. Diese wirken sich durch Erosion, Verschmutzung und Korrosion negativ aus. Die auf den Schaufeln befindlichen Beläge weisen teilweise erhebliche Konzentration von korrosiv wirkenden Bestandteilen wie NaCl und KCl auf. Die Salze fuhren neben einer Hochtemperaturkorrosion an den Turbinenbeschaufelung auch zu einer verstärkten Lochfrasskorrosion im Verdichterbereich und zu einer komplexen chemischen Festigkeitsminderung des Schaufelwerkstoffes. Bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit tritt im Verdichtereintrittsbereich Wasserdampfkonzentration auf, die den verstärkten Korrosionsangriff der vorderen Schaufelreihen erklärt. Um hiergegen einigermassen Remedur zu schaffen, werden Schaufeln rotierender thermischer Maschinen vielfach mit Schutzschichten versehen. Davon wird sowohl bei Dampf- und Gasturbinenschaufeln als auch bei Kompressorschaufeln Gebrauch gemacht. Es geht also vor allem darum, den Widerstand gegen Korrosion und oxydierende Angriffe sowie gegen Erosion und Abnutzung (Verschleiss) zu erhöhen. Weisen die Schaufeln einmal, trotz Oberflächenbehandlung, eine Beschädigung auf, deren Grad die Betriebssicherheit gefährden könnte, so schreitet man zum
Ausbau der Schaufeln: Entweder werden sie durch neue ersetzt oder rekonditioniert und wieder eingebaut. Dieses Aus- und Einbauen ist mit relativ hohen Kosten und Zeitaufwand verbunden. Des weiteren, der wirkliche Zustand der Beschaufelung ist erst nach relativ langer Zeit, d.h. nach einer Vorreinigung ersichtlich, von daher kann die Entscheidung, ob eine Rekonditionierung der Schaufeln machbar ist oder nicht, oder schon nötig, erst viel später getroffen werden. Die Nachteile dieser Methode sind die grossen Zeitverluste, die höheren Betriebskosten der Anlage, höhere Kosten bei Revisionen und die Unsicherheit über die Frage der Rekonditionierbarkeit der Schaufeln. Von daher ist man dazu übergangen, Wege und Mittel zu suchen, um hiergegen Abhilfe zu schaffen. Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang ein Verfahren bekanntgeworden, wonach der ganze beschaufelte Rotor aus dem Stator gehoben wird, um in einer separaten Anlage rekonditioniert zu werden. Die zu beschichtenden beschaufelten Rotoren müssen in geeigneter Weise entfettet werden, gegebenenfalls früher aufgetragene organische Beschichtungen müssen vollständig entfernt werden. Anschliessend werden die zu beschichtenden Bereiche durch trockenes Sandstrahlen mit Aluminiumoxyd aufgerauht und die metallische Oberfläche aktiviert. Die nicht zu beschichtenden Zonen müssen mit geeigneten Materialien maskiert werden. Danach werden die Grundschichten aufgetragen, wobei sie jeweils eingebrannt werden müssen. Dies führt zu einem langwierigen Prozedere: Ein Sinterprozess oder Einbrennprozess dauert ca. 55 Stunden und muss im Schnitt viermal durchgeführt werden. Dieser Sinter- oder Einbrennprozess während des Beschichten besteht aus einer Wärmebehandlung bei ca. 350 Grad Celsius über eine Haltezeit von ca. 10-12 Stunden. Danebst müssen zur Durchführung der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte recht grosse Anlagen mit spezifischer geometrischer Ausgestaltung vorgesehen werden, man denke nur, dass beim Sinterprozess der ganze beschaufelte Teil des Rotors von einer Ofenabdeckung umschlossen sein muss.For example, in the open gas turbine process, the air drawn in by the compressor also contains water vapor and solid and gaseous impurities. These have a negative impact due to erosion, pollution and corrosion. The deposits on the blades sometimes have a considerable concentration of corrosive components such as NaCl and KCl. In addition to high-temperature corrosion on the turbine blades, the salts also lead to increased pitting corrosion in the compressor area and to a complex chemical reduction in the strength of the blade material. At high air humidity, water vapor concentration occurs in the compressor inlet area, which explains the increased corrosion attack of the front rows of blades. In order to counteract this to some extent, blades of rotating thermal machines are often provided with protective layers. This is used both for steam and gas turbine blades and for compressor blades. The main thing is to increase resistance to corrosion and oxidizing attacks as well as erosion and wear (wear and tear). If, despite the surface treatment, the blades show damage whose degree could jeopardize operational safety, you proceed to
Removing the blades: either they are replaced with new ones or reconditioned and reinstalled. This removal and installation is associated with relatively high costs and time. Furthermore, the actual state of the blading is only visible after a relatively long time, ie after pre-cleaning, so the decision as to whether or not reconditioning of the blades is feasible or already necessary can only be made much later. The disadvantages of this method are the great loss of time, the higher operating costs of the system, higher costs for revisions and the uncertainty about the question of the reconditionability of the blades. It is therefore no longer necessary to look for ways and means to remedy this. In this connection, a method has become known, according to which the entire bladed rotor is lifted out of the stator in order to be reconditioned in a separate system. The bladed rotors to be coated must be degreased in a suitable manner; any organic coatings applied earlier must be removed completely. The areas to be coated are then roughened by dry sandblasting with aluminum oxide and the metallic surface is activated. The zones that are not to be coated must be masked with suitable materials. Then the base layers are applied, whereby they have to be baked on. This leads to a lengthy procedure: a sintering or baking process takes about 55 hours and has to be carried out four times on average. This sintering or baking process during coating consists of a heat treatment at approx. 350 degrees Celsius over a holding time of approx. 10-12 hours. In addition, quite large plants with a specific geometric configuration must be provided for carrying out the individual process steps, just think that during the sintering process the entire bladed part of the rotor must be enclosed by a furnace cover.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art hinsichtlich benötigter Zeiten und aufgewendeter Kosten eine rationellere Methode für die Rekonditionierung der Schaufeln vorzuschlagen. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es auch, die Lebensdauer der Beschichtung durch geeignete Verfahren und Schutzschichten zu maximieren.The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention, as characterized in the claims, is based on the object of proposing a more rational method for reconditioning the blades with a method of the type mentioned with regard to the times required and the costs involved. The object of the invention is also to maximize the life of the coating by means of suitable methods and protective layers.

Die wesentlichen Vorteile der Erfindung sind darin zu sehen, dass der beschaufelte Rotor für den ersten Prozess der Rekonditionierung nicht aus seiner Lagerung im Stator ausgehoben werden muss: Die Reinigung bzw. Schutzschichtentfernung kann vor dem eigentlichen Abstellen der Maschine, d.h. des Verdichters, also während einer Schlussphase des Betriebes ("on line"), durchgeführt werden. Damit wird eine gleichmässige Beaufschlagung der zu behandelnden Schaufeln erzielt, wobei die mithin erreichte Effizienz dieses Reinigungsprozesses, welche eine umfassende Abtragung einer allenfalls vorhandenen Schutzschicht sicherstellt, eine sofortige Entscheidung über die Rekonditionierbarkeit der Schaufeln ermöglicht. Diese Entscheidung kann nach Abstellen der Maschine und Entfernung des Oberteils des Stators bereits getroffen werden. Entscheidet man sich nach entsprechender Analyse über den Zustand der Schaufeln für eine Rekonditionierung derselben, so genügt es, den beschaufelten Rotor aus der Lagerung zu heben und ihn auf Böcke zu stellen, wo ohne Zuhilfenahme einer sofistizierten Struktur die weiteren Prozessschritte der Rekonditionierung durchgeführt werden können. Dies führt zu niedrigen Betriebskosten (Ueberholungskosten), was einer periodischen Durchführung dieser Behandlungsart nichts im Wege steht. Mithin wird die Betriebssicherheit der Anlage erhöht.The main advantages of the invention are that the bladed rotor does not have to be lifted out of its storage in the stator for the first process of reconditioning: the cleaning or protective layer removal can be done before the machine, ie the compressor, is actually switched off, i.e. during a Final phase of the operation ("on line"). A uniform loading of the blades to be treated is thus achieved, the efficiency of this cleaning process thus achieved, which ensures extensive removal of any protective layer that may be present, making an immediate decision about the reconditionability of the blades possible. This decision can be made after the machine has been switched off and the upper part of the stator has been removed. If, after a corresponding analysis of the condition of the blades, the decision is made to recondition them, it is sufficient to lift the bladed rotor from the storage and to place it on trestles, where the further process steps of the reconditioning can be carried out without the aid of a softened structure. This leads to low operating costs (overhaul costs), which is nothing to prevent periodic implementation of this type of treatment. This increases the operational safety of the system.

Ein weiterer gewichtiger Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass unter Verwendung eines Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahrens die im eingebauten Zustand vorbehandelten Schaufeln eine entsprechende Schutzschicht, vorzugsweise auf Si- und Al-Basis, örtlich und bedarfsmässig erhalten, wobei dieses Beschichtungsverfahren ohne Wärmebehandlung über längere Zeiten und ohne Zuhilfenahme spezieller Zusatzanlagen durchgeführt werden kann. Dies vereinfacht das ganze technische Beschichtungs-Prozedere, während die Kosten ca. um die Hälfte niedriger als bei den bekannten Verfahren ausfallen. Ausserdem ist die Lebensdauer dieser Beschichtungsart viel höher als bei den für diese sogenannten Komplettbeschichtung zur Zeit verwendeten Schichten. Da die Vorbehandlung der Schaufeln resp. die Nachbehandlung nach dem Aufspritzen der Schutzschicht für die Lebensdauer der Beschichtung von grosser Bedeutung ist, können unmittelbare Korrektive, je nach festgestelltem Bedarf, gezielt vorgenommen werden. Was nach kürzester Zeit mit niedriger Rekonditionierungskosten mittels eines Prozesses von hoher Umweltverträglichkeit entsteht, ist eine Beschaufelung von höchster Güte, welche die Betriebssicherheit der Anlage über eine längere Zeitspanne garantiert.Another important advantage of the invention is that using a high-speed flame spraying method, the blades pretreated in the installed state receive a suitable protective layer, preferably based on Si and Al, locally and as required, this coating method without heat treatment over longer periods and can be carried out without the help of special additional systems. This simplifies the entire technical coating procedure, while the costs are approximately half lower than in the known processes. In addition, the service life of this type of coating is much longer than that of the layers currently used for this so-called complete coating. Since the pretreatment of the blades or the post-treatment after spraying on the protective layer is of great importance for the life of the coating, immediate corrections can be made depending on the determined need. What is created in a very short time with low reconditioning costs by means of a process of high environmental compatibility is top-quality blading, which guarantees the operational safety of the system over a longer period of time.

Vorteilhafte und zweckmässige Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabenlösung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous and expedient developments of the task solution according to the invention are characterized in the further claims.

Im folgenden wird anhand der Zeichnung Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt und näher erläutert. Alle für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung nicht erforderlichen Elemente sind fortgelassen. Die Strömungsrichtung der verschiedenen Medien ist mit Pfeilen angegeben. Gleiche Elemente sind in den verschiedenen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically and explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. All elements not necessary for the immediate understanding of the invention have been omitted. The direction of flow of the different media is indicated by arrows. Identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in the various figures.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Turbogruppe mit Aggregate für eine Vorbehandlungsstufe;
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht von Fig. 1 in der Ebene II-II;
Fig. 3
eine Reinigungsstufe bzw. Schutzschichtentfernung in einem schwingenden, erosivem Bad;
Fig. 4
eine Ansicht des Rotors gemäss Fig. 3 entlang der Ebene IV-IV;
Fig. 5
ein Schlussreinigungsverfahren mit Strahldüsen und
Fig. 6
eine Beschichtung der Schaufeln mit einem Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahren.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a turbo group with units for a pretreatment stage;
Fig. 2
a view of Figure 1 in the plane II-II.
Fig. 3
a cleaning stage or protective layer removal in a vibrating, erosive bath;
Fig. 4
a view of the rotor of Figure 3 along the plane IV-IV.
Fig. 5
a final cleaning process with jet nozzles and
Fig. 6
coating the blades with a high speed flame spraying process.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Fig. 1 zeigt eine konventionelle Gasturbogruppe 11, bestehend im wesentlichen aus einem Kompressorteil 11a, einer Brennkammer 11b und einem Turbinenteil 11c. Bei der Vorbehandlung der Schaufeln muss unterschieden werden, ob diese im Originalzustand unbeschichtet oder beschichtet waren. Unabhängig dieser Vorgabe findet eine erste Reinigung der Schaufeln vor dem Abstellen der Maschine, d.h. des Verdichters statt. Diese Reinigung basiert bei beschichteten Schaufeln vorzugsweise auf Erosionsabtragung durch ein Weichstrahl-Granulat. Selbstverständlich kann die Reinigung von unbeschichteten Schaufeln lediglich mittels eines wässrigen Lösungsmittels, beispielsweise Trichlorethylen, vorgenommen werden. Durch eine zentralplazierte Dreistrahldüse 1 (Siehe hierzu auch Fig. 2), welche im Ansaugkanal des Verdichters
wirkt, wird über eine bestimmte Zeit das Reinigungsmittel (Weichstrahl-Granulat, wässrige Lösung etc. ) in den Luftstrom zum Verdichter eingedüst. Die gleichmässige und intensive Beaufschlagung 12 der Verdichterschaufeln ergibt einen effizienten Reinigungsprozess bei unbeschichteten Schaufeln bzw. eine umfassende Abtragung der alten Schutzschicht bei beschichteten Schaufeln. Das Reinigungsverfahren wird nach Bedarf mehrmals wiederholt. Da das Weichstrahl-Granulat bei Temperaturen von ca. 300 Grad Celsius verbrennt, entsteht diesbezüglich keine Problematik hinsichtlich Entsorgung. Bei Verwendung einer wässrigen Lösung muss ebenfalls auf diese Gesichtspunkte Rücksicht genommen werden. Die Schaltung betreffend die Mehrstrahldüse 1 besteht aus einem Kugelhahn 2, der in Strömungsrichtung des Reinigungsmittels einer Mischkammer 3 nachgeschaltet ist und der Mengenregelung dient. Der Druck in dieser Mischkammer 3 wird durch einen Manometer 7 wiedergegeben. Stromauf der Mischkammer 3 ist ein Behälter 4 vorgesehen, in welchem beispielsweise ein Granulat vorrätig ist, wobei je ein Sieb 5 und ein Einlassventil 6 dafür sorgen, dass die Mischkammer 3 mit einem homogenen Gut versorgt wird. Der benötigte Druck im Behälter 4 wird über eine Luftzuleitung 10 bereitgestellt, wobei ein Druckreduzierventil 8 und ein Hauptventil 9 in der Luftleitung weitere Hilfsmittel der Schaltung sind. Durch entsprechende Vorkehrungen kann die Turbinenbeschaufelung ebenso behandelt werden.1 shows a conventional gas turbine group 11, consisting essentially of a compressor part 11a, a combustion chamber 11b and a turbine part 11c. When pretreating the blades, a distinction must be made as to whether they were uncoated or coated in their original condition. Irrespective of this requirement, the blades are cleaned for the first time before the machine, ie the compressor, is switched off. In the case of coated blades, this cleaning is preferably based on erosion by means of a soft jet granulate. Of course, the cleaning of uncoated blades can only be carried out using an aqueous solvent, for example trichlorethylene. Through a centrally placed three-jet nozzle 1 (see also Fig. 2), which is in the intake duct of the compressor
acts, the cleaning agent (soft jet granulate, aqueous solution etc.) is injected into the air flow to the compressor over a certain period of time. The uniform and intensive action 12 on the compressor blades results in an efficient cleaning process for uncoated blades or a comprehensive removal of the old protective layer in coated blades. The cleaning process is repeated several times as needed. Since the soft jet granulate burns at temperatures of approx. 300 degrees Celsius, there are no problems with regard to disposal. When using an aqueous solution, these aspects must also be taken into account. The circuit relating to the multi-jet nozzle 1 consists of a ball valve 2, which is connected downstream of a mixing chamber 3 in the direction of flow of the cleaning agent and serves to regulate the quantity. The pressure in this mixing chamber 3 is represented by a manometer 7. A container 4 is provided upstream of the mixing chamber 3, in which, for example, a granulate is in stock, a sieve 5 and an inlet valve 6 each ensuring that the mixing chamber 3 is supplied with a homogeneous material. The required pressure in the container 4 is provided via an air supply line 10, a pressure reducing valve 8 and a main valve 9 in the air line being further aids of the circuit. Appropriate precautions can also be used to treat turbine blading.

Falls erforderlich werden die Schaufeln einer weiteren Reinigung bzw. Schutzschichtentfernung unterzogen. Dies geschieht, wie die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen, mittels eines schwingenden, erosiven Bades 14. Zu diesem Zweck wird der beschaufelte Rotor 11a und 11c aus dem Stator genommen und auf Böcke 13a und 13b gestellt, dergestalt, dass ein bestimmter Teil der Beschaufelung in das Bad 14 eintaucht. Durch einen Schwingungserzeuger 15 werden die einzelnen erosiven
Komponenten des Bades 14 zum Schwingen angeregt, worauf zu einem Abtragen des Restschmutzes bzw. der Restschutzschicht auf den Schaufeln führt. Grundsätzlich können sämtliche Schaufelarten eines Rotors einer Gasturbogruppe damit behandelt werden.If necessary, the blades are subjected to further cleaning or protective layer removal. This is done, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, by means of an oscillating, erosive bath 14. For this purpose, the bladed rotor 11a and 11c is removed from the stator and placed on trestles 13a and 13b in such a way that a certain part of the blading immersed in the bath 14. The individual are erosive by means of a vibration generator 15
Components of the bath 14 are excited to vibrate, whereupon the residual dirt or the residual protective layer on the blades is removed. Basically, all blade types of a rotor of a gas turbine group can be treated with it.

Eine Schlussreinigung wird gemäss Fig. 5 mit einem Industrieglas-Strahlmittel 18 durchgeführt. Diese Schlussreinigung basiert auf Erosionsabtragung durch genanntes Mittel, das aus Glas bestehen kann. Ein bestimmtes Teil der Beschaufelung wird mit einer speziellen Kapsel 16 abgedeckt; bei gleichzeitiger Absaugung 19 des eingedüsten Mittels wird die Reinigung anhand eines oder meherer Strahldüsen 17 bewerkstelligt.A final cleaning is carried out according to FIG. 5 with an industrial glass blasting agent 18. This final cleaning is based on erosion removal by the means mentioned, which can consist of glass. A certain part of the blading is covered with a special capsule 16; with simultaneous suction 19 of the injected agent, cleaning is accomplished using one or more jet nozzles 17.

Weitere Verfahrensschritte können nach Bedarf vorgesehen werden:

  • Abschleifen von allenfalls noch vorhandenen Lochfrassgrübchen an den meistbeanspruchten Stellen.
  • Eine Rissprüfung der Schaufeln.
  • Eine Masskontrolle der Schaufeln, falls diese einem Schleifprozess unterzogen wurden.
  • Aufrauhen der Oberfläche durch Sandstrahlen.
  • Vor der eigentlichen Beschichtung empfiehlt es sich, die Schaufeln auf ca. 80 Grad Celsius vorzuerwärmen, beispielsweise mittels Strahler.
Further process steps can be provided as required:
  • Sand any pitting dimples that are still present at the most stressed areas.
  • A check of the blades.
  • A dimensional check of the blades if they have been subjected to a grinding process.
  • Roughen the surface by sandblasting.
  • Before the actual coating, it is advisable to preheat the blades to approx. 80 degrees Celsius, for example using a heater.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Möglichkeit, wie das Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahren vonstatten gehen kann. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine von der Seite zugängliche Umhüllung 16 vorgesehen, welche eine Anzahl vorbereiteten Schaufeln umgrent. Mittels einer Spritzdüse 20 wird die Schutzschicht auf die Schaufeln aufgetragen, wobei es ohne weiteres möglich ist, die Führung der Strahldüse 20 manuell vorzunehmen. Eine Absaugung 19 sorgt dafür, dass überschüssiges Mittel sofort aus der Umgebung der Schaufeln entfernt werden kann.Figure 6 shows one way in which the high speed flame spraying process can be carried out. For this purpose, a sheath 16 accessible from the side is provided, which encircles a number of prepared blades. The protective layer is applied to the blades by means of a spray nozzle 20, it being readily possible to guide the jet nozzle 20 manually. A suction device 19 ensures that excess agent can be removed immediately from the area surrounding the blades.

Eine Nachbehandlung der gespritzten Schaufeln umfasst in der Regel folgende Verfahrensschritte:

  • Zur Verringerung der Oberflächenrauhigkeit wird ein leichtes Ueberschleifen mit Schmirgeltuch und/oder Strahlen, beispielsweise mit Glasperlen.
  • Zum Schutz der Grundschicht und zur weiteren Herabsetzung der Oberflächenrauhigkeit kann eine Lack-Deckschicht mit einer Farbspritzpistole aufgetragen werden. Bedingung ist, dass dieser Lack keine hohe und lange Einbrenntemperatur benötigt (kein Ofenbau). Dazu kann mindestens für die ersten Reihen des Kompressors, wo im Betrieb noch tiefere Temperaturen vorherrschen, ein Zweikomponenten-Lack verwendet werden.
    Ein Beispiel für eine solche Deckschicht kann ein Polyurethan-Reaktionslack auf Kunststoff-Basis sein.
Aftertreatment of the sprayed blades usually comprises the following process steps:
  • To reduce the surface roughness, light sanding with emery cloth and / or blasting, for example with glass beads.
  • To protect the base layer and to further reduce the surface roughness, a top coat of paint can be applied with a paint spray gun. The condition is that this varnish does not require a high and long baking temperature (no oven construction). For this, a two-component paint can be used at least for the first rows of the compressor, where temperatures are even lower during operation.
    An example of such a top layer can be a polyurethane reaction lacquer based on plastic.

Bezüglich der Qualität der Schutzschicht ist zu sagen, dass konventionelle Verdichterbeschichtungen sehr oft einen geringen Erosionswiderstand zeigen. Da solche galvanische Schutzschichten nur wirken, wenn sie im System Metall-Schicht-Elektrolyt vorhanden sind, wird eine lokal erodierte Schicht in ihrer Schutzwirkung vermindert.
Die hier zum Einsatz kommende Schutzschicht auf Basis von Aluminium ist eine aktive Korrosionsschutzschicht, deren Zusammensetzung vorzugsweise wie folgt aussieht:

  • 1. Eine Schutzschicht besteht aus 6 bis 15 Gew.-% Si, Rest Aluminium;
  • 2. Eine andere Schutzschicht besteht aus Rein-Aluminium
  • 3. Eine andere Schutzschicht besteht aus 80 Gew.-% Al, 5 bis 15 Gew.-% Si, Rest Cu, Mn, Mg, Ni.
Regarding the quality of the protective layer, it can be said that conventional compressor coatings very often show a low resistance to erosion. Since such galvanic protective layers only work if they are present in the metal-layer-electrolyte system, a locally eroded layer is reduced in its protective effect.
The protective layer based on aluminum used here is an active corrosion protection layer, the composition of which preferably looks as follows:
  • 1. A protective layer consists of 6 to 15 wt .-% Si, balance aluminum;
  • 2. Another protective layer consists of pure aluminum
  • 3. Another protective layer consists of 80 wt .-% Al, 5 to 15 wt .-% Si, balance Cu, Mn, Mg, Ni.

Der chemische Aufbau der obengenannten Schutzschichten sowie das ebenfalls obenbeschriebene Aufbringverfahren (Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahren) stellen eine wenig erosionsempfindliche "Opferanoden"-Schicht, welche den Grundwerkstoff aktiv vor Korrosion schützt. Das AufbringVerfahren, welches ein Hochenergie-Beschichtungsverfahren ist, liefert guthaftende und erosionsbeständige Schutzschichten, welche ohne weitere schutzschichtspezifische Nachbehandlung die angestrebte elektrische Verbindung zum Grundmaterial haben. Die vorgeschlagenen Schutzschichten können zusätzlich mit einer Deckschicht versehen werden. Diese schutzabweisende Deckschicht kann beispielsweise schwarz sein. So eine schmutzabweisende Deckschicht ermöglicht bessere Erkennbarkeit einer Vereisung auf den Schaufeln mittels Eisdetektoren. Das Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahren, das mit einer Partikelgeschwindigkeit von mindestens 300 m/s abläuft, stellt eine optimale Verklammerung der Beschichtung mit dem Grundmaterial der Schaufeln dar. Selbst bei dickerer Schutzschicht ist gewährleistet, dass die Beschichtung nicht abblättert. Dies ist damit zu erklären, dass beim Aufprall der Pulverteilchen durch die hohe kinetische Energie Druckeigenspannungen in der jeweils zuvor gespritzten Schicht entstehen. Die maximierte Beständigkeit gegen Erosion hat ihre Ursache darin, dass die hier zur Anwendungen gelangenden Schichten eine sehr hohe Härte haben. Durch das hier vorgeschlagene Verfahren ergibt sich, dass der Oxidgehalt der Schicht tiefer als bei in Luft gespritzten Schutzschichten. Das bedeutet, dass die Schicht reiner ist, weshalb sie weniger schnell oxidiert, wobei eine Oxidation allenfalls nur an der Oberfläche auftritt. Dadurch, dass die Schutzschichten sehr dicht sind, liegt ihre Porosität unter 0,5%. Eine Zerstörung durch Korrosion ist praktisch auszuschliessen: Im Salzsprühtest nach DIN 50021 wurde eine handelsübliche keramische Aluminiumschicht mit einer Schutzschicht nach obiger Zusammensetzung und mit obigen Verfahren verglichen. Die Resultate haben obiger Aussage voll bestätigt. In einem Ermüdungsverfahren wurde ein analoger Ver gleich durchgeführt:. Es zeigte sich, dass die Belastung bis zum ersten Ermüdungsriss in der Schaufel bei nach obiger Zu sammensetzung und obigem Verfahren beschichten Schaufeln um 20% höher lag, als bei den Vergleichsschaufeln. Dies bedeutet, dass die Sicherheit der Beschaufelung gegen Ermüdungsbruch erhöt werden konnte.
Anhand der aufgeführten Vorteile sowie der Ergebnisse nach mehreren Tausend Betriebsstunden in einem Verdichter einer meeresnahen Anlage resultierte eine Verbesserung der Standzeit der aktiven Schutzschicht um die 50%.The chemical structure of the above protective layers as well the application process (high-speed flame spraying process) also described above provides a less erosion-sensitive "sacrificial anode" layer, which actively protects the base material against corrosion. The application process, which is a high-energy coating process, provides well-adhering and erosion-resistant protective layers, which have the desired electrical connection to the base material without further protective layer-specific aftertreatment. The proposed protective layers can additionally be provided with a cover layer. This protective layer can be black, for example. Such a dirt-repellent cover layer enables ice to be more easily recognized on the blades by means of ice detectors. The high-speed flame spraying process, which runs at a particle speed of at least 300 m / s, represents an optimal interlocking of the coating with the base material of the blades. Even with a thicker protective layer, it is ensured that the coating does not flake off. This can be explained by the fact that when the powder particles impact, the high kinetic energy creates residual compressive stresses in the previously sprayed layer. The maximized resistance to erosion is due to the fact that the layers used here have a very high hardness. The method proposed here results in the oxide content of the layer being lower than in the case of protective layers sprayed in air. This means that the layer is cleaner, which is why it oxidizes less quickly, with oxidation only occurring on the surface at most. Because the protective layers are very dense, their porosity is below 0.5%. Destruction by corrosion can practically be ruled out: In the salt spray test according to DIN 50021, a commercially available ceramic aluminum layer was compared with a protective layer with the above composition and with the above methods. The results have fully confirmed the above statement. In a fatigue process, an analogous Ver carried out immediately :. It was found that the load up to the first fatigue crack in the blade was 20% higher in the case of blades coated according to the above composition and method than in the comparison blades. This means that the safety of the blades against fatigue fracture could be increased.
Based on the advantages listed and the results after several thousand hours of operation in a compressor in a plant close to the sea, the service life of the active protective layer was improved by 50%.

Claims (8)

Verfahren zum Beschichten von Schaufeln einer rotierenden thermischen Maschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaufeln im Betriebszustand der thermischen Maschine einem ersten Reinigungsprozess mittels eines dem Luftstrom zum Verdichter beigemischten Mittels unterzogen werden, dass die Schaufeln nach Oeffnung der Maschine im stationären Zustand mindestens einem Vorbereitungsprozess für die nachfolgende Behandlungsstufe unterzogen werden, und dass die Schaufeln im stationären Zustand mit einer Schutzschicht mittels eines Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahrens, das die Schutzschicht-Partikeln mit mindestens einer Geschwindigkeit von 300 m/s auf die Oberfläche des Grundmaterials aufspritzt, beschichtet werden.Method for coating blades of a rotating thermal machine, characterized in that the blades in the operating state of the thermal machine are subjected to a first cleaning process by means of an agent admixed to the air flow to the compressor, that the blades after opening the machine in the stationary state have at least one preparation process for them Subsequent treatment step are subjected, and that the blades are coated in the stationary state with a protective layer by means of a high-speed flame spraying process, which sprays the protective layer particles onto the surface of the base material at a speed of at least 300 m / s. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaufeln im Vorbereitungsprozess vor der Schutzschichtaufbringung in einem schwingenden erosiven Bad behandelt werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are treated in an oscillating erosive bath in the preparation process before the protective layer is applied. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaufeln im stationären Zustand nach der Schutzschichtaufbringung einer Nachbehandlung zur Verringerung der Oberflächenrauhigkeit und/oder zur Auftragung einer Deckschicht unterzogen werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are subjected to a post-treatment in the stationary state after the protective layer has been applied to reduce the surface roughness and / or to apply a cover layer. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mittels Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahrens aufgetragene Schutzschicht aus 6-15 Gew.-% Si, Rest Al besteht.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective layer applied by means of high-speed flame spraying consists of 6-15 wt .-% Si, balance Al. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mittels Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahrens aufgetragene Schutzschicht aus Al besteht.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective layer applied by means of high-speed flame spraying consists of Al. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mittels Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzverfahrens aufgetragene Schutzschicht aus 80 Gew.-% Al, 5-15 Gew. -% Si, Rest Cu, Mn, Mg, Ni besteht.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective layer applied by means of high-speed flame spraying consists of 80% by weight Al, 5-15% by weight Si, the rest Cu, Mn, Mg, Ni. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das dem Luftstrom beigemischten Mittel zur Reinigung der Schaufeln aus einem Weichstrahl-Granulat besteht.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for cleaning the blades admixed to the air stream consists of a soft jet granulate. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckschicht aus einem Polyurethan-Reaktionslack auf Kunststoff-Basis besteht.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the cover layer consists of a polyurethane reaction lacquer on a plastic basis.
EP91103660A 1990-04-11 1991-03-11 Process for coating impeller blades Expired - Lifetime EP0451512B1 (en)

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AT402943B (en) * 1995-10-04 1997-09-25 Engel Gmbh Maschbau METHOD FOR PRODUCING WEAR AND CORROSION PROTECTED SURFACES ON PLASTICIZING SCREWS FOR INJECTION MOLDING MACHINES
AT403059B (en) * 1995-10-04 1997-11-25 Engel Gmbh Maschbau METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COATING ON THE SURFACE OF PLASTICIZING SCREWS FOR INJECTION MOLDING MACHINES
EP1553203A1 (en) 2004-01-10 2005-07-13 MTU Aero Engines GmbH Method for producing hollow airfoils, also to produce a rotor with hollow airfoils
EP2752559A1 (en) * 2013-01-08 2014-07-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of cleaning of a gas turbine rotor within a housing
CN110420769A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-11-08 张子辉 A kind of spraying equipment of the anti-seediness with allotment function

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JPH08193568A (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-07-30 Hitachi Ltd Runner of hydraulic machinery and manufacture of runner
WO2008116757A2 (en) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-02 Alstom Technology Ltd Turbomachine blade with erosion and corrosion protective coating and method of manufacturing the same
US8113787B2 (en) 2007-06-20 2012-02-14 Alstom Technology Ltd. Turbomachine blade with erosion and corrosion protective coating and method of manufacturing

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EP0165104A1 (en) * 1984-05-17 1985-12-18 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation, "S.N.E.C.M.A." Repair method by diffusion

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US2709569A (en) * 1948-08-28 1955-05-31 Thompson Prod Inc Impeller member and method of making same
US3010843A (en) * 1958-04-28 1961-11-28 Gen Motors Corp Abradable protective coating for compressor casings
EP0165104A1 (en) * 1984-05-17 1985-12-18 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation, "S.N.E.C.M.A." Repair method by diffusion

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT402943B (en) * 1995-10-04 1997-09-25 Engel Gmbh Maschbau METHOD FOR PRODUCING WEAR AND CORROSION PROTECTED SURFACES ON PLASTICIZING SCREWS FOR INJECTION MOLDING MACHINES
AT403059B (en) * 1995-10-04 1997-11-25 Engel Gmbh Maschbau METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COATING ON THE SURFACE OF PLASTICIZING SCREWS FOR INJECTION MOLDING MACHINES
US5855963A (en) * 1995-10-04 1999-01-05 Engel Machinenbau Gesellschaft M.B.H. Process for the production of a coating on the surface of plasticizing screws for injection molding machines
US5968603A (en) * 1995-10-04 1999-10-19 Engel Maschinenbau Gesellschaft M.B.H. Process for the production of wear-protected and corrosion-protected surfaces on plasticizing screws for injection molding machines
EP1553203A1 (en) 2004-01-10 2005-07-13 MTU Aero Engines GmbH Method for producing hollow airfoils, also to produce a rotor with hollow airfoils
EP2752559A1 (en) * 2013-01-08 2014-07-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of cleaning of a gas turbine rotor within a housing
CN110420769A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-11-08 张子辉 A kind of spraying equipment of the anti-seediness with allotment function
CN110420769B (en) * 2019-08-02 2020-06-09 柳州联顺戴克雷汽车部件有限公司 Prevent spraying equipment of grain with allotment function

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RU2062303C1 (en) 1996-06-20
UA27027A1 (en) 2000-02-28
CA2039944C (en) 2001-01-02
DK0451512T3 (en) 1993-12-27
PL289795A1 (en) 1991-12-02
ES2044634T3 (en) 1994-01-01
PL165873B1 (en) 1995-02-28
DE59100238D1 (en) 1993-09-09
JPH04225865A (en) 1992-08-14
EP0451512B1 (en) 1993-08-04
CA2039944A1 (en) 1991-10-12

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