EP0447435A1

EP0447435A1 - Novel tnf peptides

Info

Publication number: EP0447435A1
Application number: EP90900176A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hans-Joachim Boehm; Lothar Daum; Andreas Haupt; Bernhard Schmied; Nigel Walker; Johann-Christian Zechel
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 1988-12-12
Filing date: 1989-12-02
Publication date: 1991-09-25
Also published as: DE3841753A1; WO1990006943A3; JPH04502314A; CA2005058A1; WO1990006943A2

Abstract

Peptides dérivés de TNF ayant la formule (I): X-A-Gly-Asp-Y, dans laquelle A représente Lys, Gln ou Arg et X et Y ont la signification donnée dans la description. Procédé de production de ces peptides. Ces nouveaux peptides sont utiles pour le traitement de maladies.Peptides derived from TNF having the formula (I): X-A-Gly-Asp-Y, in which A represents Lys, Gln or Arg and X and Y have the meaning given in the description. Process for the production of these peptides. These new peptides are useful for the treatment of diseases.

Description

New TNF peptides

The invention relates to new peptides derived from tumor necrosis factor (TNF), their production and their use as medicaments.

By Carswell et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 3666, 1975) it has been reported that the serum of endotoxin-treated animals previously infected with the Mycobacteria strain Calmette-Guerin (BCG) caused hemorrhagic necrosis in various Caused tumors in the mouse. This activity was attributed to the tumor necrosis factor. TNF also shows cytostatic or cytotoxic activity against a variety of transformed cell lines in vitro, whereas normal human and animal cell lines are not affected (Lymphokine Reports Vol. 2, pp 235-275, Academic Press, New York, 1981). Biochemical characterization and the gene for human TNF have recently been described (Nature 312, 724, 1984; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2345, 1985; Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 6361, 1985).

The following protein structure for mature human TNF can be derived from these data:

ValArgSerSerSerArgThrProSerAspLysProValAlaHisValValAlaAsnPro

GlnAlaGluGlyGlnLeuGlnTrpLeuAsnArgArgAlaAsnAlaLeuLeuAlaAsnGly

ValGluLeuArgAspAsnGlnLeuValValProSerGluGlyLeuTyrLeuIleTyrSer GlnValLeuPheLysGlyGlnGlyCysProSerThrHisValLeuLeuThrHisThrlle

SerArglleAlaValSerTyrGlnThrLysValAsnLeuLeuSerAlalleLysSerPro

CysGlnArgGluThrProGluGlyAlaGluAlaLysProTrpTyrGluProIleTyrLeu

GlyGlyValPheGlnLeuGluLysGlyAspArgLeuSerAlaGluIleAsnArgProAsp

TyrLeuAspPheAlaGluSerGlyGlnValTyrPheGlyllelleAlaLeu Furthermore, the TNF gene of cattle, rabbits and mice has been described (Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 51, 597, 1986). In addition to its cytotoxic properties, TNF is one of the main participants in inflammatory reactions (Pharmac. Res. 5, 129, 1988). The involvement of TNF in septic shock (Science 229, 869, 1985) and graft versus host disease (J. Exp. Med. 166, 1280, 1987) was shown in the animal model.

It has now been found that peptides with much lower

Molecular weight have favorable properties. The invention relates to peptides of the formula I

X-A-Gly-Asp-Y I, wherein

A is Lys, Gln or Arg,

X for a group G-NH-CHM-CO-, G-NH-CHM-CO-W-, G-R-NH-CHM-CO- or

G-R-NH-CHM-CO-W- and

Y for a group -Z, -NH-CHQ-CO-Z, -V-NH-CHQ-CO-Z, -NH-CHQ-CO-U-Z or

-V-NH-CHQ-CO-U-Z, where in X and Y

G represents a hydrogen atom or an amino protecting group,

Z represents an OH or NH ₂ group or a carboxyl protecting group or

G and Z together also form a covalent bond or the group

-CO- (CH ₂ ) _a -NH-, where a is a number from 1 to 12,

R, U, V and W peptide chains from 1-4 naturally occurring

represent α-amino acids and

M and Q are hydrogen atoms or one of the groups

-CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -C ₂ H ₅ , -C- ₆ H ₅ , -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , (with b meaning a number from 1 to 6 and T meaning a hydrogen atom or an OH-, CH ₃ O-, CH ₃ S-, (CH ₃ ) ₂ CH-, C ₆ H ₅ -, p- HO-C ₆ H ₄ -, HS-, H ₂ N-, HO-CO-, H ₂ N-CO-,

H ₂ NC (= NH) -NH group) or

M and Q together form a - (CH ₂ ) _c -SS- (CH ₂ ) _d -, - (CH ₂ ) _e -CO-NH- (CH ₂ ) _f - or - (CH ₂ ) _e -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _g -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _f bridge (with c and d meaning a number from 1 to 4, e and f a number from 1 to 6 and g a number from 1 to 12) mean, and their salts with physiologically acceptable acids.

The peptides of formula I are made up of L-amino acids, but they can contain 1 to 2 D-amino acids. The side chains of the trifunctional amino acids can carry protective groups or be unprotected.

In particular, the following can be mentioned as physiologically acceptable acids:

Hydrochloric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid,

Methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, sulfuric acid, L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, pyruvic acid, mucic acid, benzoic acid,

Glucuronic acid, oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, acetylglycine.

The new peptides can be open-chain (G = H, amino protecting group; Z = OH, NH ₂ , carboxyl protecting group, M and Q not linked) and in particular disulfide-bridged (G = H, amino protecting group; Z = OH, NH ₂ , carboxyl protecting group; M + Q = - (CH ₂ ) _c -SS- (CH ₂ ) _d -), side-chain bridged (G = H, amino protecting group, Z = OH, NH ₂ , carboxyl protecting group, M + Q = - (CH ₂ ) _e - NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _f - or - (CH ₂ ) _e -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _g -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _f -) or head-to-tail linked (G + Z = covalent bond or

-CO- (CH ₂ ) _a -NH-).

The new compounds can be prepared by methods known in peptide chemistry.

So you can build the peptides sequentially from amino acids or by fragment linking of suitable small peptides. In the sequential construction, the peptide chain is gradually extended by one amino acid each, starting at the C terminus. When coupling fragments, fragments

of different lengths are linked to one another, the fragments in turn being able to be obtained by sequential construction from amino acids or in turn by fragment coupling. After the synthesis of the open-chain peptides, the cyclic peptides are obtained by a cyclization reaction carried out in high dilution. Both in the sequential structure and in the fragment coupling, the building blocks must be linked by forming an amide bond. Enzymatic and chemical methods are suitable for this. Chemical methods for forming amide bonds are dealt with in detail by Müller, Methods of Organic Chemistry Vol XV / 2, pp 1 - 364, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1974; Stewart, Young, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, pp 31-34, 71-82, Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford, 1984; Bodanszky, Klausner, Ondetti, Peptide Synthesis, pp 85 - 128, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976 and other standard works of peptide chemistry. The azide method, the symmetrical and mixed method, are particularly preferred

Anhydride method, in situ generated or preformed active esters and amide bond formation with the aid of coupling reagents (activators), in particular dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), 1-ethyl -3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), n-propanephosphonic anhydride (PPA), N, N-bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) amidophosphoric acid chloride (BOP-Cl), diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) , Castro's reagent (BOP), 0-benzotriazolyl-N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyluronium salts (HBTU), 2, 5-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-4-hydroxythiophene dioxide (Steglich's reagent ;

HOTDO) and 1, 1 '-carbonyl-di imi dazol (CDI). The coupling reagents can be used in or in combination with additives such as N, N'-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (DMAP), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), N-hydroxybenzotriazine (HOOBt), N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu) or 2 -Hydroxypyri.din can be used.

While normally on in enzymatic peptide synthesis

If protective groups can be dispensed with, chemical synthesis requires reversible protection of the reactive functional groups of the two reactants which are not involved in the formation of the amide bond. In chemical peptide synthesis, three protecting group techniques known from the literature are preferred: the benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), the t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) and the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protective group technique. The protective group of the α-amino function of the chain-extending building block is designated in each case. The side chain protecting groups of the trifunctional amino acids are chosen so that they are not necessarily split off together with the α-amino protecting group. Müller, Methods of Organic Chemistry Vol XV / 1, pp 20 - 906, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1974 provides a detailed overview of amino acid protecting groups. The building blocks which serve to build up the peptide chain can be in solution, in suspension or in a similar manner Methods as described by Merrifield in 3. Amer. Chem. Soc. 85, 2149, 1963. Methods in which peptides are sequentially or by fragment coupling using the Z, Boc or Fmoc protective group technology are set up, the reactants being brought to reaction in solution, and processes in which, similar to the Merrifield technique mentioned, a reactant is reacted to an insoluble polymeric carrier (hereinafter also called resin). The peptide is typically built up sequentially on the polymeric support using the Boc or Fmoc protective group technique, the growing peptide chain at the C-terminus being covalently linked to the insoluble resin particles (see Figs. 1 and 2). This procedure allows reagents and by-products to be removed by filtration, making recrystallization of intermediate products unnecessary.

The protected amino acids can be bound to any suitable polymers which are only insoluble in the solvents used and must have a stable physical form which enables easy filtration. The polymer must contain a functional group to which the first protected amino acid can be bound by a covalent bond. A wide variety of polymers are suitable for this purpose, e.g. Cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylate, sulfonated polystyrene, chloromethylated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (Merrifield resin), 4-methylbenzhydrylamine resin (MBHA resin), phenylacetamidomethyl resin (Pam resin), p-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol resin, benzhydrylamine (BHA resin), 4- (hydroxymethyl) benzoyloxymethyl resin, resin according to Breipohl et al. (Tetrahedron Lett. 28, 565, 1987; BACHEM), HYCRAM resin (ORPEGEN) or SASRIN resin

(BACHEM).

All solvents which prove to be inert under the reaction conditions are particularly suitable for peptide synthesis in solution, in particular water, N, N'-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, di-chloromethane (DCM), 1,4- Dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and mixtures of the solvents mentioned. The peptide synthesis on the polymeric support can be carried out in all inert organic solvents in which the amino acid derivatives used are soluble; however, solvents which additionally have resin-swelling properties, such as DMF, DCM, NMP, acetonitrile and DMSO, and mixtures of these solvents are preferred.

After successful synthesis, the peptide is removed from the polymeric carrier

cleaved. The conditions under which the various types of resin can be split off are known from the literature. Acid and palladium-catalyzed cleavage reactions are used most frequently, especially those

Cleavage in liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, in anhydrous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, in dilute or concentrated Trifluoroacetic acid or the palladium-catalyzed cleavage in THF or THF-DCM mixture in the presence of a weak base such as morpholine. Depending on the choice of the protective groups, these can be retained under the cleavage conditions or can also be split off. Partial deprotection of the peptide can also be useful if certain derivatization reactions or a cyclization are to be carried out.

Some of the new peptides show good cytotoxic properties. Another part of the peptides has a high affinity for the cellular TNF receptor without, however, having any cytotoxic activity. They therefore represent TNF antagonists. In competition with natural TNF, they bind to the cellular TNF receptor and thus suppress the TNF effect. The new peptides prove to be valuable medicinal products that are used for

Treatment of neoplastic diseases and autoimmune diseases as well as for the control and prophylaxis of infections, inflammation and

Rejection reactions can be used in transplants. Simple experiments can be used to determine the mode of action of the individual peptides. With a TNF-sensitive cell

Cytotoxicity of the peptide was determined by incubating the cell line in the presence of the peptide. In a second experiment, you incubate the

Cell line with the corresponding peptide in the presence of a lethal amount of TNF. This enables the TNF-antagonizing effect to be demonstrated. In addition, the affinity of the peptide to the cellular TNF receptor is determined by an in vitro binding experiment.

The biological characterization of the new peptides for their agonistic or antagonistic effect was carried out in the following test systems:

Cytotoxicity test on TNF-sensitive indicator cells, I.

Competition cytotoxicity test on TNF-sensitive

II.

Indicator cells,

III. Competition receptor binding test expressing TNF receptor

Indicator cells.

I. Cytotoxicity test

The agonistic evaluation of the new peptides is based on their cytotoxic effects on TNF-sensitive cells (e.g. L929, MCF-7,

A204, U937). The L929 and MCF-7 test was performed as follows: 100 μl of culture medium with 3 to 5 × 10 ³ freshly trypsinized, exponentially growing L929 cells (mouse) or MCF-7 cells (human) were placed in the wells of a

Pipetted 96-well flat-bottom culture plate. The plate was incubated overnight at 37 ° C in the incubator. The air saturated with water vapor in the incubator contained 5 vol% CO ₂ .

The L929 culture medium contained 500 ml of MEM Earle 1x (Boehringer,

Mannheim), 50 ml heat-inactivated (30 min, 56 ° C) fetal

Calf serum (FCS), 50 ml L-glutamine (200 mM), 5 ml 100 ×

non-essential amino acids, 3 ml 1M Hepes buffer pH 7.2 and 50 ml gentamycin (50 mg / ml).

The MCF-7 culture medium contained 500 ml of MEM Dulbecco 1x

(Boehringer, Mannheim), 100 ml heat-inactivated (30 min, 56 ° C) FCS, 5 ml L-glutamine and 5 ml 100 × nonessential amino acids.

2. The following day, 100 μl of the peptide solution to be tested were added to the cell cultures and titrated serially twice. In addition, some cell controls (ie cell cultures not treated with peptide dilution) and some rhu-TNF controls (ie cell cultures treated with recombinant human TNF) were also created. The culture plate was incubated for 48 hours at 37 ° C. in an atmosphere of water vapor-saturated air with 5 vol.% CO ₂ .

3. The percentage of surviving cells in the cultures treated with peptide dilution was determined by means of crystal violet staining. The liquids were removed from the wells by knocking off the test plate. 50 μl of crystal violet solutions were pipetted into each well.

The crystal violet solution had the following composition:

3.75 g crystal violet

1.75 g NaCl

161.5 ml ethano l

43.2 ml 37% formaldehyde

ad 500 ml water

The crystal violet solution remained in the wells for 20 min and was then also knocked off. Then the

Plates washed 5 times each by immersing them in water to remove the non-cell-bound dye. The cell-bound dye was extracted from the cells by adding 100 ul reagent solution (50% ethanol, 0.1% glacial acetic acid, 49.9% water) to each well.

4. By shaking the plates for 5 min each was obtained

Deepen an evenly colored solution. To determine the surviving cells, the absorbance of the staining solution in the individual wells was measured at 540 nm.

5. Then, based on the cell control, the 50% cytotoxicity value was defined and the reciprocal of the sample dilution, which leads to 50% cytotoxicity, was determined as the cytotoxic activity of the examined sample. Competition cytotoxicity test

The antagonistic evaluation of the peptides is based on their

Ability to compete for the cytotoxic effects of rhu-TNF on TNF-sensitive cells (e.g. L929, MCF-7, A204, U937). The

Competition cytotoxicity test with L929 and MCF-7 cells was carried out as follows:

1. 100 μl of culture medium with 3 to 5 × 10.3 freshly trypsinized, exponentially growing L929 cells (mouse) or MCF-7 cells (human) were placed in the wells of a

The L929 culture medium contained 500 ml of MEM Earle lx (Boehringer, Mannheim), 50 ml of FCS heat-inactivated for 30 min at 56 ° C., 5 ml of L-glutamine (200 mM), 5 ml of 100 × nonessential amino acids, 3 ml of IM Hepes Buffer pH 7.2 and 500 µl gentamycin (50 mg / ml).

The MCF-7 culture medium contained 500 ml of MEM Dulbecco 1x

(Boehringer, Mannheim), 100 ml heat-inactivated (30 min, 56 ° C) FCS, 5 ml L-glutamine (200 mM) and 5 ml 100 × nonessential amino acids.

2. The next day 100 μl of the peptide solution to be tested were added to the cell cultures and titrated twice in series. These cell cultures were then 100 μl of a rhu-TNF dilution in culture medium, which in the final concentration in the cell culture Has 80-100% cytotoxic effect. In addition, some cell controls (ie, cell cultures not treated with peptide solution and not with rhu-TNF solution) and some

rhu-TNF controls (= cell cultures treated only with rhu-TNF solution) were also included. The culture plate was then incubated for 48 hours at 37 ° C. in an atmosphere of water vapor-saturated air with 5 vol.% CO ₂ .

3. The percentage of surviving cells in the solution-treated cultures was determined by crystal violet staining. The liquids were removed from the wells by knocking off the test plate. 50 μl of crystal violet solutions were pipetted into each well. The crystal violet solution had the one given in II.3

Composition.

The crystal violet solution remained in the wells for 20 min and was then also knocked off. The plates were then washed 5 times each by immersion in water to remove the non-cell-bound dye. The

cell-bound dye was added by adding 100 ul

Reagent solution (50% ethanol, 0.1% glacial acetic acid, 49.9% water) extracted from the cells into each well.

Shaking the plates for 5 minutes gave a uniformly colored solution in each well. To determine the surviving cells, the absorbance of the staining solution in the individual wells was measured at 540 nm.

5. Then, based on the cell control and the

rhu-TNF control defined the 50% competition value and the sample concentration, which leads to 50% competition of the rhu-TNF cytotoxicity at the presented rhu-TNF concentration, was determined as the antagonistic activity of the examined sample. II.Competition receptor binding test

Both the agonistic and the antagonistic effects of peptides require that the latter bind to the TNF receptor. This means that peptides with agonistic or antagonistic activity and rhu-TNF to bind to the TNF receptor on TNF-sensitive

Indicator cells (eg U937) compete. The competition receptor binding test was carried out as follows: 1. 100 .mu.l medium with different concentrations of the peptide to be tested and the rhu-TNF (= control) were pipetted into the reaction vessels. The medium contained 500 ml PBS (Boehringer, Mannheim), 10 ml heat-inactivated (30 min, 56 ° C) FCS and 100 mg sodium azide.

2. 100 μl of medium were then labeled with 1 ng of ¹²⁵ iodine

rhu-TNF (lactoperoxidase method according to Bolton) was added to the reaction vessels and mixed. To determine the non-specific binding (NSB), the ¹²⁵ iodine-labeled rhu-TNF (1 ng ¹²⁵ i-rhu-TNF in 100 μl medium) was mixed with the 200-fold excess of non-radioactively labeled rhu-TNF (200 ng rhu-TNF mixed in 100 ul medium). 3. Then 100 μl of medium with 2 × 106 U937 cells (human) were pipetted into the reaction vessels and mixed. The reaction vessels (test volume 300 μl) were incubated at 0 ° C. for 90 min. After 45 minutes, the reaction batches were mixed again. 4. After the incubation time, the cells were centrifuged for 5 min at 1800 rpm and 4 ° C., washed 3 times with medium, transferred quantitatively into counting tubes and the cell-bound radioactivity was determined in a Clini Garnma Counter 1272 (LKB Wallac). 5. After correcting the measured values for the non-specific binding, based on the total binding, the 50% competition value was defined and the sample concentration was 50% competition at the 1 ²⁵ J-rhu-TNF concentration

1 ²⁵ J-rhu-TNF binding leads, determined as the competitive activity of the sample examined.

The following examples are intended to explain the invention in more detail. The proteogenic amino acids are in the examples with the known

Three-letter code abbreviated. In addition: Aad = α-aminoadipic acid, Abs = 4-aminobutyric acid, Ac = acetic acid, Ade = 10-aminodecanoic acid, Ahp = 7-aminoheptanoic acid, Hcy = homocysteine, Hly = homolysin, Orn = ornithine, Dap = 2,3- Diaminopropionic acid.

A. General labor regulations

I. The synthesis of the peptides according to claim 1 was carried out using the

Standard methods of solid phase peptide synthesis on a fully automatic peptide synthesizer model 430A from APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS. The device uses different synthesis cycles for the Boc and Fmoc protection group technology. a) Synthesis cycle for Boc protection group technology

1. 30% trifluoroacetic acid in DCM 1 × 3 min

2. 50% trifluoroacetic acid in DCM 1 x 17 min

3. DCM wash 5 × 1 min

4. 5% diisopropylethylamine in DCM 1 x 1 min

5. 5% diisopropylethylamine in NMP 1 x 1 min

6. NMP wash 5 × 1 min

7. Add the preactivated protected amino acid

(Activation by 1 equivalent of DCC and

1 equivalent of HOBt in NMP / DCM);

Peptide coupling (1st part) 1 × 30 min

8. Add DMSO to the reaction mixture up to

a volume share of 20% DMSO

9. Peptide coupling (2nd part) 1 × 16 min

10. Add 3.8 equivalents of diisopropylethylamine

to the reaction mixture

11. Peptide coupling (3rd part) 1 × 7 min

12. DCM wash 3 × 1 min

13. Repetition of incomplete sales

Clutch (back to 5.)

14. 10% acetic anhydride, 5% diisopropylethylamine

in DCM 1 × 2 min

15. 10% acetic anhydride in DCM 1 × 4 min

16. DCM wash 4 × 1 min

17. Back to 1. b) Synthesis cycle for Fmoc protection group technology

1. NMP wash 1 × 1 min

2. 20% piperidine in NMP 1 x 4 min

3. 20% piperidine in NMP 1 x 16 min

4. NMP wash 5 × 1 min

5. Add the preactivated protected amino acid

(Activation by 1 equivalent of DCC and

1 equivalent of HOBt in NMP / DCM);

Peptide coupling 1 × 61 min

6. NMP wash 3 × 1 min

7. Repetition of incomplete sales

Clutch (back to 5.)

8. 10% acetic anhydride in NMP 1 x 8 min

9. NMP wash 3 × 1 min 10. back to 2. II. Processing of the peptide resins obtained according to Ia

The peptide resin obtained according to Ia was dried in vacuo and transferred into a reaction vessel of a Teflon HF apparatus (from PENINSULA). After adding a scavenger, preferably anisole (1 ml / g resin), and in the case of tryptophan-containing peptides of a thiol to remove the indolene formyl group, preferably ethanedithiol (0.5 ml / g resin), the mixture was condensed with cooling with liquid N ₂ hydrogen fluoride ( 10 ml / g resin). The mixture was allowed to warm to 0 ° C and stirred at this temperature for 45 min. The hydrogen fluoride was then stripped off in vacuo and the residue was washed with ethyl acetate in order to remove remaining scavengers. The peptide was extracted with 30% acetic acid, filtered and the filtrate

lyophilized.

To produce peptide hydrazides, the peptide resin (Pam or Merrifield resin) was suspended in DMF (15 ml / g resin) and, after addition with hydrazine hydrate (20 equivalents), stirred for 2 days at room temperature. For working up, the resin was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was crystallized from DMF / Et ₂ O or MeOH / Et ₂ O.

III. Processing of the peptide resins obtained according to Ib The peptide resin obtained according to Ib was dried in vacuo and then subjected to one of the following cleavage procedures depending on the amino acid composition (Wade, Tregear, Howard Florey Fmoc-Workshop Manual, Melbourne 1985).

The suspension of the peptide resin in the appropriate TFA mixture was stirred at room temperature for the specified time, after which the resin was filtered off and washed with TFA and DCM. The filtrate and the washing solutions were largely concentrated and the peptide was precipitated by adding diethyl ether. After cooling in an ice bath, the precipitate was filtered off, taken up in 30% acetic acid and lyophilized. IV. Purification and characterization of the peptides

The purification was carried out by means of gel chromatography (SEPHADEX® G-10, G-15/10% HOAc; SEPHADEX® LH20 / MeOH) and subsequent medium pressure chromatography (stationary phase: HD-SIL C-18, 20-45 μ, 100 Ä; mobile phase : Gradient with A = 0.1% TFA / MeOH, B = 0.1% TFA / H ₂ O). The purity of the end products obtained was determined using analytical HPLC (stationary phase: 100 × 2.1 mm VYDAC C-18, 5 μ, 300 Å; mobile phase CH ₃ CN / H ₂ O gradient, buffered with 0.1% TFA, 40 ° C). Amino acid analysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy were used for characterization.

B. Special working regulations

example 1

Ac-Leu-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

1.47 g Boc-Arg (Tos) -MBHA resin (substitution - 0.34 mmol / g), corresponding to a batch size of 0.5 mmol, were in accordance with Ala with 2 mmol

Boc-Asp (OChx) -OH Boc-Glu (OChx) -OH

Boc-Gly-OH Boc-Leu-OH

Boc-Lys (Cl-Z) -OH implemented.

After the synthesis was complete, the N-terminus was acetylated. (Execution of steps 1 - 6 and 14 - 16 according to Ala). The peptide resin was dried in vacuo; the yield was 1.87 g.

The resin thus obtained was subjected to RF cleavage according to All. The crude product (181 mg) was purified by gel filtration (SEPHADEX® G-10) and

Medium pressure chromatography (cf. AIV; 5 - 20% A; 0.25% min ^-1 ) cleaned. 78 mg of pure product were obtained.

Example 2

H-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-Leu-OH 0.47 g Fmoc-Leu-p-alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin (substitution - 0.53 mmol / g), corresponding to a batch size of 0.25 mmol, were according to Alb with 1 mmol

Fmoc-Arg (Mtr) -OH Fmoc-Glu (OtBu) -OH

Fmoc-Asp (OtBu) -OH Fmoc-GIn-OH

Fmoc-Gly-OH Fmoc-Phe-OH

Fmoc-Lys (Boc) -OH implemented. After the synthesis had ended, the peptide resin was deprotected at the N-terminal

(Execution of steps 2-4 according to Alb), and dried in vacuo; the yield was 0.75 g. The crude peptide (212 mg) obtained after the TFA cleavage according to AIII was purified by gel filtration (SEPHADEX® G - 10) and medium pressure chromatography (cf. AIV; 5 - 25%; 0.25% min ^-1 ). 136 mg of pure product were obtained. The following can be prepared analogously to Examples 1 and 2: 3. H-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-OH

4. Ac-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-OH

5. Ac-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

6. H-Leu-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-OH

7. H-Leu-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

8. H-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-OH

9. Ac-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-OH

10. H-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

11. Ac-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

12. H-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-OH

13. Ac-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-OH

14. H-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

15. Ac-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

16. Ac-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-Leu-NH ₂

17. H-Leu-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-Leu-OH

18. Ac-Leu-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-Leu-NH ₂

19. H-Gln-Leu-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-Leu-Ser-OH

20. Ac-Gln-Leu-Phe-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-Leu-Ser-NH ₂

21. H-Leu-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Lys-OH

22. Ac-Leu-Asp-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

23. Ac-Leu-Glu-D-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

24. Ac-Phe-Gln-Glu-Gln-Gly-Asp-Arg-NH ₂

25. H-Gln-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gly-Asp-Arg-Leu-Ser-OH

Example 26

0.41 g of Boc-Hcy (pMB) -MBHA resin (substitution - 1.24 mmol / g), corresponding to a batch size of 0.5 mmol, were in accordance with Ala with 2 mmol Boc-Arg (Tos) -OH Boc-Glu (OChx) -0H

Boc-Asp (OChx) -OH Boc-Leu-OH

Boc-Gly-OH Boc-Gln-OH

B0C-Lys (Cl-Z) -OH BθC-HCy- (pMB) -0H implemented.

After the synthesis was complete, the N-terminus was acetylated (steps 1-6 and 14-16 were carried out according to Ala). The peptide resin was dried in vacuo; the yield was 1.1 g. The resin thus obtained was subjected to RF cleavage according to All. The lyophilized crude product was taken up in 2 1 0.1% acetic acid and the pH was then adjusted to 8.4 with aqueous ammonia. 0.01 N K ₃ [Fe (CN) ₆ ] solution was slowly added dropwise under an argon atmosphere until the yellowish-green color persisted for more than 15 min. The mixture was stirred for a further 1 h, then acidified to pH 4.5 with glacial acetic acid and 15 ml of an aqueous suspension of an anion exchanger (BIORAD® 3 × 4A, chloride form) were added. After 30 minutes, the ion exchange resin was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to 100 ml on a rotary evaporator and then lyophilized.

All solvents used were previously saturated with nitrogen to prevent possible oxidation of the free cysteine residues.

The crude product was purified by gel chromatography (SEPHADEX® G-15) and medium pressure chromatography (cf. AIV; 30-60% A; 0.25% min ^-1 ). 15 mg of pure product were obtained. Analogously to Example 26 can be produced (for the production of the

Peptide acids, PAM resin was used):

Example 55

1 g resin according to Breipohl et al. (BACHEM), corresponding to a batch size of 0.5 mmol, according to Alb with 2 mmol Fmoc-Lys (Boc) -OH Fmoc-Lys (Z) -OH

Fmoc-Arg (Tos) -OH Fmoc-Glu (OBzl) -OH

Fmoc-Asp (OChx) -OH Fmoc-Asp (OtBu) -OH

Fmoc-Gly-OH implemented. After the synthesis was complete, the N-terminus was acetylated

(Execution of steps 2-4 and 8-9 according to Alb). The peptide resin was dried in vacuo; Yield 1.64 g. The crude product (592 mg) obtained after the TFA cleavage according to AIII was dissolved in 500 ml of degassed DMF; 61.1 mg (0.5 mmol) DMAP and 1.92 g (40 mmol) EDCI were added to this solution at -15 ° C. The mixture was then stored at -15 ° C, 2 days at 0 ° C and 2 days at RT. to

Workup was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was digested with water. The precipitated peptide was filtered off, washed several times with 5% citric acid and water and after drying (P ₂ Os)

Gel chromatography (SEPHADEX® LH 20) cleaned. The isolated and well-dried monomer (183 g) was subjected to HF cleavage according to All and then purified by medium pressure chromatography (cf. AIV; 20-40% A; 0.25% min ^-1 ). 121 mg of pure product were obtained.

Example 56 1.47 g Fmoc-Lys (Boc) Merrifield resin (substitution - 0.34 mmol / g) corresponding to a batch size of 0.5 mmol, were according to Alb with 2 mmol

Fmoc-Arg (Tos) -OH Fmoc-Lys (Z) -OH

Fmoc-Asp (OChx) -OH Fmoc-Glu (OBzl) -OH

Fmoc-Gly-OH Fmoc-Asp (OtBu) -OH implemented. The N-terminus was acetylated (steps 2-4 and 8-9 according to Alb).

The t-butyl and Boc protecting groups were then removed

(Execution of steps 1-6 according to Ala). Cyclization on the resin was carried out in NMP with the addition of 0.89 g of BOP and 0.87 ml of diisopropylethylamine (48 h). The yield was 1.85 g.

The crude product obtained after HF cleavage according to All was purified by gel filtration (Sephadex® G-15) and medium pressure chromatography (cf. AIV; 15-35%; 0.25 min ^-1 ). 14 mg of pure product were obtained. Analogously to Examples 55 and 56, the following can be produced:

Example 79

0.92 g of Fmoc-Gly-p-alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin (substitution - 0.53 mmol / g), corresponding to a batch size of 0.5 mmol, was mixed according to Alb with 2 mmol of Fmoc-Lys (Z) -OH Fmoc- Aoc-OH

Fmoc-Glu (OChx) -OH Fmoc-Asp (OCHx) -OH

Fmoc-Leu-OH implemented. After the synthesis was complete, the peptide resin was dried in vacuo. The yield was 1.43 g.

The crude peptide obtained after TFA cleavage in accordance with AIII was dissolved in 500 ml of degassed DMF and reacted and worked up as in Example 55. 97 mg of pure product were obtained.

Analogously to example 79, the following can be produced:

Claims

1. The invention relates to peptides of the formula I, X-A-Gly-Asp-Y I, wherein

A is Lys, Gln or Arg,

X for a group G-NH-CHM-CO-, G-NH-CHM-CO-W-, G-R-NH-CHM-CO- or G-R-NH-CHM-CO-W- and

Y represents a group -Z, -NH-CHQ-CO-Z, -V-NH-CHQ-CO-Z, -NH-CHQ-CO-UZ or -V-NH-CHQ-CO-UZ, where in X and Y

G represents a hydrogen atom or an amino protecting group, represents an OH or NH ₂ group or a carboxyl protecting group or

G and Z together also form a covalent bond or the group

-CO- (CH ₂ ) _a -NH-, where a is a number from 1 to 12,

R, U, V and W represent peptide chains from 1-4 naturally occurring α-amino acids and M and Q represent hydrogen atoms or one of the groups

-CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -C ₂ H ₅ , -C ₆ H ₅ , -CH (OH) -CH ₃ ,

(with b meaning a number from 1 to 6 and T meaning a hydrogen atom or an OH-, CH ₃ O-, CH ₃ S-, (CH ₃ ) ₂ CH-, C ₆ H ₅ -, p- HO-C ₆ H ₄ -, HS-, H ₂ N-, HO-CO-, H ₂ N-CO-, H ₂ NC (= NH) -NH group) or

Fig. M and Q together form a - (CH ₂ ) _c -SS- (CH ₂ ) _d -, - (CH ₂ ) _e -CO-NH- (CH ₂ ) _f - or - (CH ₂ ) _e -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _g -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _f bridge (with c and d meaning a number from 1 to 4, e and f a number from 1 to 6 and g a number from 1 to 12) mean, and their salts with physiologically acceptable acids.

2. Peptides according to claim 1, wherein G represents a hydrogen atom or an amino protecting group and Z represents a hydroxy or amino group or a carboxyl protecting group and M and Q are not linked to one another.

3. Peptides according to claim 1, wherein G is a hydrogen atom or a

Amino protecting group and Z represent a hydroxyl or amino group or a carboxyl protecting group and M and Q together form one

- (CH ₂ ) _c -SS- (CH ₂ ) _d bridge.

4. Peptides according to claim 1, wherein G is a hydrogen atom or a

Amino protecting group and Z represent a hydroxy or amino group or a carboxyl protecting group and M and Q together represent a group - (CH ₂ ) _e -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _f - or - (CH ₂ ) _e -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _g denotes -NH-CO- (CH ₂ ) _f .

5. Peptides according to claim 1, wherein G + Z together represent a covalent bond or -CO- (CH ₂ ) _a -NH-.

6. Peptides according to claim 1 to 5 for use in combating diseases.

7. Use of the peptides according to claims 1 to 5 for combating neoplastic diseases and autoimmune diseases and for combating and prophylaxis of infections, inflammations and

Rejection reactions in transplants.

8. A process for the preparation of the peptides according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that they are prepared by methods known in peptide chemistry.