EP0441172B1 - Boring ram - Google Patents

Boring ram Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0441172B1
EP0441172B1 EP91100788A EP91100788A EP0441172B1 EP 0441172 B1 EP0441172 B1 EP 0441172B1 EP 91100788 A EP91100788 A EP 91100788A EP 91100788 A EP91100788 A EP 91100788A EP 0441172 B1 EP0441172 B1 EP 0441172B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control
piston
percussion piston
end portion
compressed air
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EP91100788A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0441172A3 (en
EP0441172A2 (en
Inventor
Helmuth Römer
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT91100788T priority Critical patent/ATE99022T1/en
Publication of EP0441172A2 publication Critical patent/EP0441172A2/en
Publication of EP0441172A3 publication Critical patent/EP0441172A3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
    • E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ramming device with a pneumatically driven percussion piston movable reciprocally in an axial direction in a housing and a control device which has a control part which is movable with the percussion piston and a control part which cooperates with the latter and is held on the housing and controls the pressurization of the percussion piston.
  • Such ramming devices are used, for example, to advance earth bores for cables and lines laid underground.
  • control device is usually formed by a tubular extension extending from the rear end of the percussion piston and a control sleeve which engages into the interior of the extension and which is supported on an axially extending support part on a rear end piece of the housing.
  • the control sleeve and the percussion piston with the tubular extension form a rear pressure chamber which is supplied with compressed air via a supply channel formed in the support part for the control sleeve and which causes the percussion piston to move forward.
  • a reversal of the drive direction can be achieved in the known device in that the control sleeve using a to the device connected compressed air hose is adjusted so that the front pressure chamber is pressurized earlier. The forward movement of the percussion piston is then cushioned, and at the end of the backward movement the percussion piston strikes the end piece so that an inward-directed pulse is transmitted to the housing.
  • the control sleeve is adjusted in the axial direction with the aid of a spindle drive by rotating the compressed air hose.
  • control sleeve is adjusted in the axial direction when the device is switched off by pulling or pushing the compressed air hose, or in which the control sleeve is provided with recesses which, by rotating the control sleeve with the aid of the compressed air hose, into one of the radial channels of the tubular Forzatzes corresponding position can be used (DE-C-31 04 547).
  • the main section of the percussion piston must have a certain length so that a sufficient inert mass of the percussion piston is achieved.
  • the length of the control section is determined by the stroke of the percussion piston and, if necessary, by the axial displacement of the control sleeve.
  • the end piece of the housing serves to fasten the supporting part and the control sleeve and must also withstand the impact of the percussion piston when driving the device in the backward direction, but is on the other hand weakened by the axial ventilation channels. This end piece must therefore also have a certain length for reasons of stability. For these reasons, the conventional devices have a relatively large overall length.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a ramming device which has a smaller overall length for a given mass of the percussion piston.
  • the housing-side control part is formed by the end piece of the housing, and that with the percussion piston movable control part is formed by a control piston projecting axially from the percussion piston, which plunges into an opening of the end piece.
  • the end piece is thus included in the control direction, so that compared to the prior art, the overall length of the percussion piston remains unchanged, and a reduction in the overall length is achieved, or a greater mass of the percussion piston is made possible with the overall length unchanged.
  • the rear pressure chamber formed between the main part of the percussion piston and the end piece is directly connected to the pressure source, and the pressure supply and ventilation of the front pressure chamber is controlled by control channels arranged radially in the control piston, which are connected to the front pressure chamber via an axial channel of the percussion piston are and are open to the rear pressure chamber in the front end position of the percussion piston.
  • a particularly simple and space-saving construction is achieved in that the end piece is provided with a through opening and the control piston projects so far rearward from the end piece in the rear end position of the percussion piston that the control channels are open to the atmosphere.
  • the end piece is provided with a branch line via which the control channels of the control piston can already be connected to the pressure source within the end piece. Compressed air can already be introduced into the front pressure chamber via this branch line before the percussion piston reaches its front end position. This dampens the forward movement of the percussion piston. If the control channels of the control piston pass through the end piece during the subsequent backward movement of the percussion piston, the front pressure chamber receives an additional pressure surge via the branch line, so that the backward stroke of the piston is extended.
  • the compressed air supply to the rear pressure chamber preferably takes place via an axial bore formed in the end piece, which defines the end of the compressed air hose receives and from which the branch line branches off in such a way that the mouth of the branch line can be opened and closed by moving or rotating the compressed air hose.
  • a ramming device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing 12 provided with a striking tip 10, which is closed at the rear end by an end piece 14.
  • a front pressure chamber 18 and a rear pressure chamber 20 are formed in the interior of the housing 12 by an impact piston 16 which is axially movably guided in the housing.
  • the percussion piston 16 is provided at the rear end with an axially projecting control piston 22, which plunges into an opening 24 of the end piece 14 and is slidably guided in this opening.
  • the control piston has radial control channels 26 which are connected to the front pressure chamber 18 via an axial channel 28.
  • a compressed air hose 30 is connected to the rear pressure chamber 20.
  • the front pressure chamber 18 When the percussion piston 16 is in the front end position shown in FIG. 1, the front pressure chamber 18 is supplied with compressed air via the compressed air hose 30, the rear pressure chamber 20, the radial control channels 26 and the axial channel 28.
  • the pressure in the front pressure chamber 18 acts on the entire cross-sectional area of the percussion piston 16, while the pressure prevailing in the rear chamber 20 acts only on the annular surface outside the control piston 22.
  • the percussion piston 16 is therefore moved in the reverse direction.
  • the control channels 26 enter the end piece 14 the compressed air supply for the front pressure chamber 18 is interrupted. Due to the inertia, the percussion piston 16 continues to move back until it reaches the position shown in FIG. 2.
  • control channels 26 are connected to the atmosphere outside the end piece 14, so that the front pressure chamber 18 is vented. Due to the pressure still prevailing in the rear pressure chamber 20, the percussion piston 16 is braked and driven in the forward direction. In the course of the forward movement, the percussion piston 16 is accelerated further, so that it strikes the front end of the housing 12 at high speed and transmits a propulsion impulse to the housing.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The ramming device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferably used only as a striking device outside of the ground because of the laterally connected compressed air hose 30.
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 show a ramming device which is suitable for use in the ground, since the compressed air hose 30 enters the housing axially from the rear. This device also offers the possibility of reversing the direction of advance by remote control.
  • the device according to FIGS. 3 to 6 differs from the previously described exemplary embodiment in the following features.
  • the compressed air hose 30 is rotatably held in an axial bore 32 of the end piece 14.
  • the axial bore 32 is connected via a radial bore 34 to an annular chamber 36 which surrounds the circumference of the control piston 22.
  • the compressed air hose 30 is provided with a lateral opening 38 which is in the same axial position as the radial bore 34. In the position shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5, however, the side opening 38 of the compressed air hose is turned away from the radial bore 34, so that the compressed air only enters the rear pressure chamber 20. In this position, the ramming device is driven in the forward direction, as described above in connection with Figures 1 and 2.
  • the lateral opening 38 of the compressed air hose is aligned with the radial bore 34 of the end piece, and the opening 38, the radial bore 34 and the annular chamber 36 form a branch line, via which the front one Pressure chamber 18 can be supplied with compressed air while the control channels 26 pass the end piece.
  • the front pressure chamber 18 is again supplied with compressed air as soon as the control channels 26 enter the annular chamber 36 again.
  • the forward movement of the percussion piston is thereby braked and finally reversed, so that the percussion piston does not strike the front end of the housing 12.
  • the length of the annular chamber 36 in the axial direction is selected so that braking and reversal of the movement of the percussion piston 16 can be achieved over this length. However, even if the percussion piston should shoot beyond the intended reverse position so that the control channels 26 are separated from the annular chamber 36, there is no malfunction. since in this case the air volume of the front pressure chamber 18 is compressed so that the percussion piston springs back elastically.
  • the direction of advance can be reversed in a simple manner due to the mode of operation described above, by rotating the compressed air hose 30 about its longitudinal axis.
  • the reversal can also be effected in that the compressed air hose 30 is displaced in the axial direction or at the same time is displaced and rotated.
  • a pull-out protection prevents the compressed air hose 30 from being pulled out of the end piece 14 entirely.
  • the reversal can also be effected via a valve arranged in the end piece 14, which is actuated by a cable or other remote control means or which switches over automatically when the pressure supply is switched off.
  • the end piece 14 is arranged directly at the end of the housing shell, so that the control piston 22 projects freely out of the housing in its rear end position.
  • the housing 12 can, however, also be extended beyond the end piece 14 to the rear, or further housing parts can be connected to the end piece at the rear.
  • a component with a sieve or a protective device it is possible to attach a component with a sieve or a protective device to prevent dirt from entering the machine body.
  • the term “end piece” in the sense of the present application is to be understood as a component which is located at the end of one of the pressure chambers, but not necessarily at the end of the housing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a boring ram with a pneumatically driven striking piston (16), movable in the axial direction in a reciprocating manner in a housing (12), and a control device which has a control part (22) movable with the striking piston and a control part (14) interacting with the control part (22) and held on the housing (12) and controls the admission of pressure to the striking piston. In order to permit a short overall length of the boring ram, the movable control part is designed as a control piston (22) which projects axially from the striking piston (16) and plunges into an opening (24) of an end piece (14) forming the control part on the housing side. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rammvorrichtung mit einem in Axialrichtung hin- und hergehend in einem Gehäuse beweglichen, pneumatisch angetriebenen Schlagkolben und einer Steuereinrichtung, die ein mit dem Schlagkolben bewegliches Steuerteil und ein mit diesem zusammenwirkendes, am Gehäuse gehaltenes Steuerteil aufweist und die Druckbeaufschlagung des Schlagkolbens steuert.The invention relates to a ramming device with a pneumatically driven percussion piston movable reciprocally in an axial direction in a housing and a control device which has a control part which is movable with the percussion piston and a control part which cooperates with the latter and is held on the housing and controls the pressurization of the percussion piston.

Derartige Rammvorrichtungen dienen beispielsweise zum Vortreiben von Erdbohrungen für unterirdisch verlegte Kabel und Leitungen.Such ramming devices are used, for example, to advance earth bores for cables and lines laid underground.

Ein Beispiel einer herkömmlichen Rammvorrichtung dieser Gattung wird in dem DE-U- 87 00 076 beschrieben. Die Steuereinrichtung wird bei herkömmlichen Rammvorrichtungen üblicherweise durch einen vom rückwärtigen Ende des Schlagkolbens ausgehenden rohrförmigen Fortsatz und eine in das Innere des Fortsatzes eingreifende Steuerhülse gebildet, die sich über ein axial verlaufendes Tragteil an einem rückwärtigen Endstück des Gehäuses abstützt. Die Steuerhülse und der Schlagkolben mit dem rohrförmigen Fortsatz bilden eine rückwärtige Druckkammer, die über einen in dem Tragteil für die Steuerhülse ausgebildeten Zufuhrkanal mit Druckluft versorgt wird und die Vorwärtsbewegung des Schlagkolbens bewirkt. Wenn der Schlagkolben seine vordere Endstellung erreicht und die Schlagenergie auf das Gehäuse überträgt, werden radiale Kanäle des rohrförmigen Fortsatzes des Schlagkolbens durch den vorderen Rand der Steuerhülse freigegeben, so daß die Druckluft durch diese radialen Kanäle und durch in dem Schlagkolben ausgebildete Axialkanäle in eine vordere Druckkammer strömt. Hierdurch wird die Rückwärtsbewegung des Schlagkolbens eingeleitet, da der Schlagkolben gegenüber der vorderen Druckkammer eine größere Wirkfläche aufweist als gegenüber der rückwärtigen Druckkammer. Bei der Rückwärtsbewegung des Schlagkolbens werden die radialen Kanäle des rohrförigen Fortsatzes vorübergehend durch die Steuerhülse blockiert. Wenn die radialen Kanäle den hinteren Rand der Steuerhülse erreichen, kann sich der Druck in der vorderen Druckkammer über diese Kanäle und über in dem Endstück des Gehäuses ausgebildete Lüftungskanäle entspannen, so daß ein neuer Schlagkzyklus beginnt.An example of a conventional pile driver of this type is described in DE-U-87 00 076. In conventional ramming devices, the control device is usually formed by a tubular extension extending from the rear end of the percussion piston and a control sleeve which engages into the interior of the extension and which is supported on an axially extending support part on a rear end piece of the housing. The control sleeve and the percussion piston with the tubular extension form a rear pressure chamber which is supplied with compressed air via a supply channel formed in the support part for the control sleeve and which causes the percussion piston to move forward. When the percussion piston reaches its front end position and transmits the impact energy to the housing, radial channels of the tubular extension of the percussion piston are released through the front edge of the control sleeve, so that the compressed air through these radial channels and through axial channels formed in the percussion piston into a front pressure chamber flows. This initiates the backward movement of the percussion piston, since the percussion piston has a larger effective area in relation to the front pressure chamber than in relation to the rear pressure chamber. When the percussion piston moves backwards, the radial channels of the tubular extension are temporarily blocked by the control sleeve. When the radial channels reach the rear edge of the control sleeve, the pressure in the front pressure chamber can relax via these channels and via ventilation channels formed in the end piece of the housing, so that a new impact cycle begins.

Eine Umkehr der Antriebsrichtung läßt sich bei der bekannten Vorrichtung dadurch erreichen, daß die Steuerhülse mit Hilfe eines an die Vorrichtung angeschlossenen Druckluftschlauches so verstellt wird, daß die vordere Druckkammer früher mit Druckluft beaufschlagt wird. Die Vorwärtsbewegung des Schlagkolbens wird dann welch abgefedert, und am Ende der Rückwärtsbewegung trifft der Schlagkolben auf das Endstück auf, so daß einrückwärts gerichteter Impuls auf das Gehäuse übertragen wird. Gemäß dem DE-GM 87 00 076 wird die Steuerhülse mit Hilfe eines Spindelantriebs in Axialrichtung verstellt, indem der Druckluftschlauch gedreht wird. Es sind jedoch auch Vorrichtungen gekannt, bei denen die Steuerhülse bei abgeschaltetem Gerät durch Ziehen oder Schieben des Druckluftschlauches in Axialrichtung verstellt wird oder bei denen die Steuerhülse mit Ausnehmungen versehen ist, die durch Drehen der Steuerhülse mit Hilfe des Druckluftschlauches in eine den radialen Kanälen des rohrförmigen Forzsatzes entsprechende Position gebraucht werden können (DE-C- 31 04 547).A reversal of the drive direction can be achieved in the known device in that the control sleeve using a to the device connected compressed air hose is adjusted so that the front pressure chamber is pressurized earlier. The forward movement of the percussion piston is then cushioned, and at the end of the backward movement the percussion piston strikes the end piece so that an inward-directed pulse is transmitted to the housing. According to DE-GM 87 00 076, the control sleeve is adjusted in the axial direction with the aid of a spindle drive by rotating the compressed air hose. However, devices are also known in which the control sleeve is adjusted in the axial direction when the device is switched off by pulling or pushing the compressed air hose, or in which the control sleeve is provided with recesses which, by rotating the control sleeve with the aid of the compressed air hose, into one of the radial channels of the tubular Forzatzes corresponding position can be used (DE-C-31 04 547).

Bei den bekannten Vorrichtungen lassen sich in Längsrichtung drei hintereinander liegende Abschnitte unterscheiden: der Hauptabschnitt des Schlagkolbens, ein durch den rohrförmgen Fortsatz des Schlagkolbens, die Steuerhülse und das Tragteil gebildeter Steuerabschnitt und schließlich das Endstück des Gehäuses. Der Hauptabschnitt des Schlagkolbens muß eine gewisse Länge aufweisen, damit eine hinreichende träge Masse des Schlagkolbens erreicht wird. Die Länge des Steuerabschnittes wird durch den Hubweg des Schlagkolbens und ggf. durch den axialen Verstellweg der Steuerhülse bestimmt. Das Endstück des Gehäuses dient zur Befestigung des Tragteils und der Steuerhülse und muß außerdem beim Antrieb der Vorrichtung in Rückwärtsrichtung dem Aufprall des Schlagkolbens standhalten, ist jedoch andererseits durch die axialen Lüftungskanäle geschwächt. Dieses Endstück muß deshalb aus Stabilitätsgründen ebenfalls eine gewisse Länge aufweisen. Aus diesen Gründen weisen die herkömmlichen Vorrichtungen eine relativ große Gesamtlänge auf.In the known devices, three successive sections can be distinguished in the longitudinal direction: the main section of the percussion piston, a control section formed by the tubular extension of the percussion piston, the control sleeve and the support part, and finally the end piece of the housing. The main section of the percussion piston must have a certain length so that a sufficient inert mass of the percussion piston is achieved. The length of the control section is determined by the stroke of the percussion piston and, if necessary, by the axial displacement of the control sleeve. The end piece of the housing serves to fasten the supporting part and the control sleeve and must also withstand the impact of the percussion piston when driving the device in the backward direction, but is on the other hand weakened by the axial ventilation channels. This end piece must therefore also have a certain length for reasons of stability. For these reasons, the conventional devices have a relatively large overall length.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Rammvorrichtung zu schaffen, die bei gegebener Masse des Schlagkolbens eine geringere Gesamtlänge aufweist.The invention has for its object to provide a ramming device which has a smaller overall length for a given mass of the percussion piston.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Rammvorrichtung mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.This object is achieved according to the invention by a ramming device with the features specified in claim 1.

Bei der vorgeschlagenen Rammvorrichtung wird das gehäuseseitige Steuerteil durch das Endstück des Gehäuses gebildet, und das mit dem Schlagkolben bewegliche Steuerteil wird durch einen axial von dem Schlagkolben vorspringenden Steuerkolben gebildet, der in eine Öffnung des Endstückes eintaucht. Bei dieser Konstruktion ist somit das Endstück in die Steuerrichtung einbezogen, so daß gegenüber dem Stand der Technik bei unveränderter Masse des Schlagkolbens eine Verringerung der Gesamtlänge erreicht wird bzw. bei unveränderter Gesamtlänge eine größere Masse des Schlagkolbens ermöglicht wird.In the proposed ramming device, the housing-side control part is formed by the end piece of the housing, and that with the percussion piston movable control part is formed by a control piston projecting axially from the percussion piston, which plunges into an opening of the end piece. In this construction, the end piece is thus included in the control direction, so that compared to the prior art, the overall length of the percussion piston remains unchanged, and a reduction in the overall length is achieved, or a greater mass of the percussion piston is made possible with the overall length unchanged.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Bevorzugt ist die zwischen dem Hauptteil des Schlagkolbens und dem Endstück gebildete hintere Druckkammer direkt mit der Druckquelle verbunden, und die Druckzufuhr und Entlüftung der vorderen Druckkammer wird durch radial in dem Steuerkolben angeordnete Steuerkanäle gesteuert, die über einen axialen Kanal des Schlagkolbens mit der vorderen Druckkammer verbunden sind und in der vorderen Endstellung des Schlagkolbens zur hinteren Druckkammer geöffnet sind.Preferably, the rear pressure chamber formed between the main part of the percussion piston and the end piece is directly connected to the pressure source, and the pressure supply and ventilation of the front pressure chamber is controlled by control channels arranged radially in the control piston, which are connected to the front pressure chamber via an axial channel of the percussion piston are and are open to the rear pressure chamber in the front end position of the percussion piston.

Eine besonders einfache und raumsparende Konstruktion wird dadurch erreicht, daß das Endstück mit einer durchgehenden Öffnung versehen ist und der Steuerkolben in der rückwärtigen Endstellung des Schlagkolbens so weit nach hinten aus dem Endstück herausragt, daß die Steuerkanäle zur Atmosphäre hin offen sind.A particularly simple and space-saving construction is achieved in that the end piece is provided with a through opening and the control piston projects so far rearward from the end piece in the rear end position of the percussion piston that the control channels are open to the atmosphere.

Um eine Umkehr der Antriebsrichtung zu ermöglichen, ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung das Endstück mit einer Zweigleitung versehen, über die die Steuerkanäle des Steuerkolbens bereits innerhalb des Endstückes mit der Druckquelle verbindbar sind. Über diese Zweigleitung kann bereits Druckluft in die vordere Druckkammer eingeleitet werden, bevor der Schlagkolben seine vordere Endstellung erreicht. Auf diese Weise wird die Vorwärtsbewegung des Schlagkolbens gedämpft. Wenn die Steuerkanäle des Steuerkolbens bei der anschließenden Rückwärtsbewegung des Schlagkolbens das Endstück durchlaufen, erhält die vordere Druckkammer über die Zweigleitung einen zusätzlichen Druckstoß, so daß der Rückwärtshub des Kolbens verlängert wird.In order to enable a reversal of the drive direction, in the device according to the invention the end piece is provided with a branch line via which the control channels of the control piston can already be connected to the pressure source within the end piece. Compressed air can already be introduced into the front pressure chamber via this branch line before the percussion piston reaches its front end position. This dampens the forward movement of the percussion piston. If the control channels of the control piston pass through the end piece during the subsequent backward movement of the percussion piston, the front pressure chamber receives an additional pressure surge via the branch line, so that the backward stroke of the piston is extended.

Die Druckluftzufuhr zu der hinteren Druckkammer erfolgt vorzugsweise über eine in dem Endstück gebildete Axialbohrung, die das Ende des Druckluftschlauches aufnimmt und von der die Zweigleitung derart abzweigt, daß die Mündung der Zweigleitung durch Verschieben oder Drehen des Druckluftschlauches geöffnet und verschlossen werden kann.The compressed air supply to the rear pressure chamber preferably takes place via an axial bore formed in the end piece, which defines the end of the compressed air hose receives and from which the branch line branches off in such a way that the mouth of the branch line can be opened and closed by moving or rotating the compressed air hose.

Im folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine Rammvorrichtung mit in der vorderen Endstellung befindlichem Schlagkolben;
Fig. 2
einen Längsschnitt durch die Rammvorrichtung mit in rückwärtiger Stellung befindlichen Schlagkolben;
Fig. 3 und 4
Längsschnitte durch ein abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Rammvorrichtung mit in der vorderen bzw. rückwärtigen Stellung befindlichem Schlagkolben;
Fig. 5
einen vergrößerten Schnitt durch eine Steuereinrichtung der Rammvorrichtung gemäß Figuren 3 und 4 in einer Steuerposition für den Antrieb in Vorwärtsrichtung; und
Fig. 6
einen Schnitt durch die Steuereinrichtung gemäß Figur 5 in einer Steuerposition für den Antrieb in Rückwärtsrichtung.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a ramming device with percussion piston located in the front end position;
Fig. 2
a longitudinal section through the ramming device with the impact piston in the rear position;
3 and 4
Longitudinal sections through a modified embodiment of the ramming device with percussion piston in the front or rear position;
Fig. 5
an enlarged section through a control device of the ramming device according to Figures 3 and 4 in a control position for the drive in the forward direction; and
Fig. 6
a section through the control device according to Figure 5 in a control position for the drive in the reverse direction.

Eine in Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigte Rammvorrichtung weist ein mit einer Schlagspitze 10 versehenes Gehäuse 12 auf, das am rückwärtigen Ende durch ein Endstück 14 abgeschlossen ist. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 12 werden durch einen axial beweglich in dem Gehäuse geführten Schlagkolben 16 eine vordere Druckkammer 18 und eine hintere Druckkammer 20 gebildet. Der Schlagkolben 16 ist am rückwärtigen Ende mit einem axial vorspringenden Steuerkolben 22 versehen, der in eine Öffnung 24 des Endstücks 14 eintaucht und gleitend in dieser Öffnung geführt ist. Der Steuerkolben weist radiale Steuerkanäle 26 auf, die über einen axialen Kanal 28 mit der vorderen Druckkammer 18 verbunden sind. Ein Druckluftschlauch 30 ist an die hintere Druckkammer 20 angeschlossen.A ramming device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing 12 provided with a striking tip 10, which is closed at the rear end by an end piece 14. A front pressure chamber 18 and a rear pressure chamber 20 are formed in the interior of the housing 12 by an impact piston 16 which is axially movably guided in the housing. The percussion piston 16 is provided at the rear end with an axially projecting control piston 22, which plunges into an opening 24 of the end piece 14 and is slidably guided in this opening. The control piston has radial control channels 26 which are connected to the front pressure chamber 18 via an axial channel 28. A compressed air hose 30 is connected to the rear pressure chamber 20.

Wenn sich der Schlagkolben 16 in der in Figur 1 gezeigten vorderen Endstellung befindet, so wird die vordere Druckkammer 18 über den Druckluftschlauch 30, die hintere Druckkammer 20, die radialen Steuerkanäle 26 und den axialen Kanal 28 mit Druckluft versorgt. Der Druck in der vorderen Druckkammer 18 wirkt auf die gesamte Querschnittsfläche des Schlagkolbens 16, während der in der hinteren Kammer 20 herrschende Druck lediglich auf die Ringfläche außerhalb des Steuerkolbens 22 wirkt. Der Schlagkolben 16 wird deshalb in Rückwärtsrichtung bewegt. Wenn die Steuerkanäle 26 in das Endstück 14 eintreten, wird die Druckluftversorgung für die vordere Druckkammer 18 unterbrochen. Aufgrund der Massenträgheit bewegt sich der Schlagkolben 16 jedoch weiter zurück, bis er die in Figur 2 gezeigte Stellung erreicht. In dieser Stellung sind die Steuerkanäle 26 außerhalb des Endstückes 14 mit der Atmosphäre verbunden, so daß die vordere Druckkammer 18 entlüftet wird. Durch den weiterhin in der hinteren Druckkammer 20 herrschenden Druck wird der Schlagkolben 16 abgebremst und in Vorwärtsrichtung angetrieben. Im Verlauf der Vorwärtsbewegung wird der Schlagkolben 16 weiter beschleunigt, so daß er mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf das vordere Ende des Gehäuses 12 aufprallt und einen Vortriebsimpuls auf das Gehäuse überträgt.When the percussion piston 16 is in the front end position shown in FIG. 1, the front pressure chamber 18 is supplied with compressed air via the compressed air hose 30, the rear pressure chamber 20, the radial control channels 26 and the axial channel 28. The pressure in the front pressure chamber 18 acts on the entire cross-sectional area of the percussion piston 16, while the pressure prevailing in the rear chamber 20 acts only on the annular surface outside the control piston 22. The percussion piston 16 is therefore moved in the reverse direction. When the control channels 26 enter the end piece 14, the compressed air supply for the front pressure chamber 18 is interrupted. Due to the inertia, the percussion piston 16 continues to move back until it reaches the position shown in FIG. 2. In this position, the control channels 26 are connected to the atmosphere outside the end piece 14, so that the front pressure chamber 18 is vented. Due to the pressure still prevailing in the rear pressure chamber 20, the percussion piston 16 is braked and driven in the forward direction. In the course of the forward movement, the percussion piston 16 is accelerated further, so that it strikes the front end of the housing 12 at high speed and transmits a propulsion impulse to the housing.

Die oben beschriebenen Vorgänge wiederholen sich periodisch, so daß die Rammvorrichtung im Erdreich vorgetrieben wird.The processes described above are repeated periodically, so that the pile driver is driven into the ground.

Die in Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigte Rammvorrichtung wird wegen des seitlich angeschlossenen Druckluftschlauches 30 vorzugsweise nur als Schlaggerät außerhalb des Erdreichs eingesetzt. Figuren 3 bis 6 zeigen dagegen eine Rammvorrichtung, die für den Einsatz im Erdreich geeignet ist, da der Druckluftschlauch 30 axial von hinten in das Gehäuse eintritt. Bei dieser Vorrichtung besteht außerdem die Möglichkeit, die Vortriebsrichtung ferngesteuert umzukehren. Die Vorrichtung nach Figuren 3 bis 6 unterscheidet sich von dem zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel die folgenden Merkmale.The ramming device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferably used only as a striking device outside of the ground because of the laterally connected compressed air hose 30. FIGS. 3 to 6, on the other hand, show a ramming device which is suitable for use in the ground, since the compressed air hose 30 enters the housing axially from the rear. This device also offers the possibility of reversing the direction of advance by remote control. The device according to FIGS. 3 to 6 differs from the previously described exemplary embodiment in the following features.

Der Druckluftschlauch 30 ist drehbar in einer Axialbohrung 32 des Endstücks 14 gehalten. Die Axialbohrung 32 ist über eine radiale Bohrung 34 mit einer Ringkammer 36 verbunden, die den Umfang des Steuerkolbens 22 umgibt. Der Druckluftschlauch 30 ist mit einer seitlichen Öffnung 38 versehen, die sich in der gleichen axialen Position wie die radiale Bohrung 34 befindet. In der in Figuren 3, 4 und 5 gezeigten Stellung ist die seitliche Öffnung 38 des Druckluftschlauches jedoch von der radialen Bohrung 34 abgekehrt, so daß die Druckluft ausschließlich in die hintere Druckkammer 20 gelangt. In dieser Stellung wird die Rammvorrichtung in Vorwärtsrichtung angetrieben, wie oben in Verbindung mit Figuren 1 und 2 beschrieben wurde.The compressed air hose 30 is rotatably held in an axial bore 32 of the end piece 14. The axial bore 32 is connected via a radial bore 34 to an annular chamber 36 which surrounds the circumference of the control piston 22. The compressed air hose 30 is provided with a lateral opening 38 which is in the same axial position as the radial bore 34. In the position shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5, however, the side opening 38 of the compressed air hose is turned away from the radial bore 34, so that the compressed air only enters the rear pressure chamber 20. In this position, the ramming device is driven in the forward direction, as described above in connection with Figures 1 and 2.

Wenn der Druckluftschlauch 30 jedoch in die in Figur 6 gezeigte Stellung gedreht wird, fluchtet die seitliche Öffnung 38 des Druckluftschlauches der radialen Bohrung 34 des Endstückes, und die Öffnung 38, die radiale Bohrung 34 und die Ringkammer 36 bilden eine Zweigleitung, über die die vordere Druckkammer 18 mit Druckluft versorgt werden kann, während die Steuerkanäle 26 das Endstück passieren.However, when the compressed air hose 30 is rotated to the position shown in FIG. 6, the lateral opening 38 of the compressed air hose is aligned with the radial bore 34 of the end piece, and the opening 38, the radial bore 34 and the annular chamber 36 form a branch line, via which the front one Pressure chamber 18 can be supplied with compressed air while the control channels 26 pass the end piece.

Wenn sich der Druckluftschlauch 30 in der in Figur 6 gezeigten Stellung befindet und der Schlagkolben 16 sich aus der in Figur 3 gezeigten Stellung nach rückwärts bewegt, so wird die Verbindung zwischen der Druckluftquelle und der vorderen Druckkammer 18 vorübergehend unterbrochen, wenn die Steuerkanäle 26 in das Enstück 14 eintreten. Wenn der Schlagkolben jedoch die in Figur 5 gezeigte Stellung erreicht, wird diese Verbindung über die Zweigleitung 38,34,36 erneut hergestellt. In der vorderen Druckkammer 18 wird somit erneut ein hoher Druck aufgebaut, während die Steuerkanäle 26 die Ringkammer 36 durchlaufen. Der Schlagkolben wird daher stärker nach rückwärts beschleunigt. Zwar wird die vordere Druckkammer 18 entlüftet, wenn die Steuerkanäle 26 nach hinten aus dem Endstück 14 austreten, doch ist die Geschwindigkeit des Schlagkolbens dann so groß, daß dieser nicht mehr abgebremst werden kann, sondern an dem Endstück 14 anschlägt, wie in Figur 6 gezeigt ist. Auf diese Weise wird ein Impuls in Rückwärtsrichtung auf das Gehäuse 12 übertragen, so daß die Rammvorrichtung nach rückwärts angetrieben wird.When the compressed air hose 30 is in the position shown in Figure 6 and the percussion piston 16 moves backwards from the position shown in Figure 3, the connection between the compressed air source and the front pressure chamber 18 is temporarily interrupted when the control channels 26 into the Enter piece 14. However, when the percussion piston reaches the position shown in FIG. 5, this connection is established again via the branch line 38, 34, 36. A high pressure is thus built up again in the front pressure chamber 18 while the control channels 26 pass through the annular chamber 36. The percussion piston is therefore accelerated backwards more strongly. Although the front pressure chamber 18 is vented when the control channels 26 emerge rearward from the end piece 14, the speed of the percussion piston is then so great that it can no longer be braked, but strikes the end piece 14, as shown in FIG. 6 is. In this way, a pulse is transmitted in the reverse direction to the housing 12, so that the ramming device is driven in reverse.

Beim anschließenden Vorwärtshub des Schlagkolbens wird die vordere Druckkammer 18 erneut mit Druckluft versorgt, sobald die Steuerkanäle 26 wieder in die Ringkammer 36 eintreten. Die Vorwärtsbewegung des Schlagkolbens wird hierdurch abgebremst und schließlich umgekehrt, so daß der Schlagkolben nicht am vorderen Ende des Gehäuses 12 anschlägt.During the subsequent forward stroke of the percussion piston, the front pressure chamber 18 is again supplied with compressed air as soon as the control channels 26 enter the annular chamber 36 again. The forward movement of the percussion piston is thereby braked and finally reversed, so that the percussion piston does not strike the front end of the housing 12.

Die Länge der Ringkammer 36 in Axialrichtung ist so gewählt, daß auf dieser Länge eine Abbremsung und Bewegungsumkehr des Schlagkolbens 16 erreicht werden kann. Doch selbst wenn der Schlagkolben nach vom über die vorgesehene Umkehrstellung hinausschießen sollte, so daß die Steuerkanäle 26 von der Ringkammer 36 getrennt werden, kommt es nicht zu einer Funktionsstörung, da in diesem Fall das Luftvolumen der vorderen Druckkammer 18 komprimiert wird, so daß der Schlagkolben elastisch zurückfedert.The length of the annular chamber 36 in the axial direction is selected so that braking and reversal of the movement of the percussion piston 16 can be achieved over this length. However, even if the percussion piston should shoot beyond the intended reverse position so that the control channels 26 are separated from the annular chamber 36, there is no malfunction. since in this case the air volume of the front pressure chamber 18 is compressed so that the percussion piston springs back elastically.

Bei der in Figuren 3 bis 6 gezeigten Vorrichtung kann aufgrund der oben beschriebenen Wirkungsweise die Vortriebsrichtung auf einfache Weise umgekehrt werden, indem der Druckluftschlauch 30 um seine Längsachse gedreht wird.In the device shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the direction of advance can be reversed in a simple manner due to the mode of operation described above, by rotating the compressed air hose 30 about its longitudinal axis.

Wahlweise kann die Umsteuerung jedoch auch dadurch bewirkt werden, daß der Druckluftschlauch 30 in Axialrichtung verschoben wird oder zugleich verschoben und gedreht wird. Eine nicht gezeigte Auszugssicherung verhindert, daß der Druckluftschlauch 30 ganz aus dem Endstück 14 herausgezogen werden kann.Optionally, however, the reversal can also be effected in that the compressed air hose 30 is displaced in the axial direction or at the same time is displaced and rotated. A pull-out protection, not shown, prevents the compressed air hose 30 from being pulled out of the end piece 14 entirely.

In einer modifizierten Ausführungsform kann die Umsteuerung auch über ein in dem Endstück 14 angeordnetes Ventil bewirkt werden, das durch einen Seilzug oder sonstige Fernsteuerungsmittel betätigt wird oder daß beim Abschalten der Druckzufuhr selbsttätig umschaltet.In a modified embodiment, the reversal can also be effected via a valve arranged in the end piece 14, which is actuated by a cable or other remote control means or which switches over automatically when the pressure supply is switched off.

Bei den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen ist das Endstück 14 unmittelbar am Ende des Gehäusemantels angeordnet, so daß der Steuerkolben 22 in seiner rückwärtigen Endstellung frei aus dem Gehäuse herausragt. Im Bedarfsfall kann das Gehäuse 12 jedoch auch über das Endstück 14 hinaus nach hinten verlängert sein, oder es können sich weitere Gehäuseteile nach hinten an das Endstück anschließen. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, ein Bauteil mit einem Sieb oder einer Schutzvorrichtung anzubauen, um zu verhindern, daß Schmutz in den Maschinenkörper eindringen kann. Insofern ist unter dem Begriff "Endstück" im Sinne der vorliegenden Anmeldung ein Bauteil zu verstehen, das sich am Ende einer der Druckkammern, jedoch nicht notwendigerweise am Ende des Gehäuses befindet.In the exemplary embodiments described, the end piece 14 is arranged directly at the end of the housing shell, so that the control piston 22 projects freely out of the housing in its rear end position. If necessary, the housing 12 can, however, also be extended beyond the end piece 14 to the rear, or further housing parts can be connected to the end piece at the rear. For example, it is possible to attach a component with a sieve or a protective device to prevent dirt from entering the machine body. In this respect, the term “end piece” in the sense of the present application is to be understood as a component which is located at the end of one of the pressure chambers, but not necessarily at the end of the housing.

Claims (8)

  1. Ram device having a pneumatically driven percussion piston (16), which can move in an axial direction in a reciprocating manner in a housing (12), and a control device which comprises a control part (22), which moves with the percussion piston, and a control part (14), which cooperates with the control part (22) and which is mounted on the housing (12), and which controls the pressurisation of the percussion piston, characterised in that the movable control part is a control piston (22) which projects axially from the percussion piston and enters an opening (24) in an end portion (14), of the housing, forming the control part held on the housing.
  2. Ram device according to Claim 1, characterised in that a rear pressure chamber (20), formed between the percussion piston (16) and the end portion (14), is constantly connected to a compressed air delivery line (30; 32); and in that the control piston (22) comprises at least one radial control duct (26) which can be closed by the end portion (14) and is connected via an axial duct (28) of the percussion piston to a front pressure chamber (18).
  3. Ram device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the opening (24) in the end portion (14) is a continuous opening; and in that the control piston (22) projects rearwards out of the end portion in the rearward position of the percussion piston (16).
  4. Ram device according to Claim 3, characterised in that the radial control ducts (26) are formed in the longitudinal portion of the control piston (22) which projects out of the end portion (14) when the percussion piston is in the rearward position.
  5. Ram device according to any one of Claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the rear pressure chamber (20) is connected to a compressed air hose (30) by means of an axial duct (32) in the end portion (14).
  6. Ram device according to any one of Claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the end portion (14) comprises a branch line (34, 36, 38), which connects the compressed air delivery line (30, 32) to the control duct (26) of the control piston (22) when the percussion piston (16) is in a position at a distance from its front end position, and a switching device for opening and closing the branch line.
  7. Ram device according to either of Claims 5 and 6, characterised in that the compressed air hose (30) can be rotated and/or displaced in the axial bore (32); and in that the switching device and part of the branch line are formed by a lateral opening (38) in the compressed air hose (30) and a radial bore (34), in the end portion, leading into the axial bore (32).
  8. Ram device according to either of Claims 6 and 7, characterised in that the branch line comprises a chamber, preferably an annular chamber (36) surrounding the control piston, which adjoins the periphery of the control piston (22) and is elongated in the longitudinal direction of the end portion (14).
EP91100788A 1990-02-03 1991-01-23 Boring ram Expired - Lifetime EP0441172B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91100788T ATE99022T1 (en) 1990-02-03 1991-01-23 RAM DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4003189A DE4003189A1 (en) 1990-02-03 1990-02-03 RAMM DEVICE
DE4003189 1990-02-03

Publications (3)

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EP0441172A2 EP0441172A2 (en) 1991-08-14
EP0441172A3 EP0441172A3 (en) 1992-01-02
EP0441172B1 true EP0441172B1 (en) 1993-12-22

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EP91100788A Expired - Lifetime EP0441172B1 (en) 1990-02-03 1991-01-23 Boring ram

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US (1) US5115717A (en)
EP (1) EP0441172B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE99022T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4003189A1 (en)

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DE4114593C3 (en) * 1991-03-15 2002-03-07 Tracto Technik Impact device, in particular self-driven ram boring machine
DE4143475C2 (en) * 1991-03-15 1997-05-28 Tracto Technik Percussion drill
US6221313B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2001-04-24 North American Refractories Co. Taphole knockout device
US7156189B1 (en) * 2004-12-01 2007-01-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Self mountable and extractable ultrasonic/sonic anchor
AU2005312495A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-15 Byung-Duk Lim A ground drilling hammer and the driving method
US8910727B2 (en) * 2006-02-03 2014-12-16 California Institute Of Technology Ultrasonic/sonic jackhammer
EP2963229B1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2017-05-31 Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy Control valve
NL2018206B1 (en) * 2017-01-20 2018-07-30 Van Dijk Maasland Groep B V Apparatus and method for stabilizing a foundation of a building
RU208325U1 (en) * 2021-06-24 2021-12-14 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт горного дела им. Н.А. Чинакала Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИГД СО РАН) Impact device

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US1929197A (en) * 1931-10-30 1933-10-03 Arthur L Bridgham Bell ringer
US3057331A (en) * 1959-02-18 1962-10-09 White Sales Corp Graham Pneumatic motor
AT337763B (en) * 1974-06-14 1977-07-25 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O PNEUMATIC IMPACT DEVICE
SU655824A1 (en) * 1976-07-07 1979-04-05 Институт Горного Дела Со Ан Ссср Pneumatic percussion device for drilling boreholes
AT360432B (en) * 1977-03-28 1980-01-12 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O COMPRESSED AIR PUNCHING DEVICE FOR PRODUCING DRILL HOLES BY DISPLACING THE SOIL
AT353185B (en) * 1978-06-17 1979-10-25 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O IMMEDIATE COMPRESSED AIR DEVICE
DE3104547C1 (en) * 1981-02-10 1982-11-04 Gustav Dr.-Ing. 4300 Essen Jenne Control device for the forward and return of self-driven pneumatic ram boring machines
DE8700076U1 (en) * 1987-01-02 1987-02-19 Hemmerle, Rainer, 5940 Lennestadt Ram drilling rig
DE3710162C1 (en) * 1987-03-27 1988-09-29 Helmuth Dipl-Ing Roemer Ram boring machine with movable chisel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4003189C2 (en) 1992-09-10
EP0441172A3 (en) 1992-01-02
DE4003189A1 (en) 1991-08-08
EP0441172A2 (en) 1991-08-14
DE59100744D1 (en) 1994-02-03
US5115717A (en) 1992-05-26
ATE99022T1 (en) 1994-01-15

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