Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
  • G01R21/133—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique

Definitions

• Method for counting electrical energy and • device for implementing it The present invention relates to a method for counting electrical energy. It also relates to devices for its implementation.
• the voltage taken directly from the installation or from the secondary of an isolation transformer is generally lowered to reach a signal level compatible with the input levels of an integrated multiplier circuit.
• the current can be measured either by means of a shunt, the most widely used technique, or by the use of a current transformer, or even by using a Hall probe sensor.
• Some of the power and energy measurement methods implementing the aforementioned measurement techniques also call for digitization of the respective analog voltage and current signals, thus allowing digital processing of the corresponding information.
• these methods even if they are more efficient, as far as treatment is concerned, than solely analog methods, however, result in devices that are at least as costly and bulky, due to the sensors, in particular current sensors, used.
• the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of counting electrical energy passing through a determined point of a single-phase network, comprising simultaneous steps of periodic acquisition of the respective current and voltage information at said audit. point of the network, and a step of processing said information to generate electrical energy measurement information, based on said current and voltage information.
• each step of acquiring current information comprises the following steps: A / injection, into a winding of a magnetic circuit of predetermined structure surrounding one of the lines of the network, of a current substantially proportional to the sum of a predetermined high frequency modulation current and a so-called compensation current,
• the counting of electrical energy, carried out using a high frequency current modulation requires only a small magnetic circuit compared to that which would be required for a current acquisition at the mains frequency.
• the implementation of a compensation technique combined with the aforementioned modulation makes it possible to directly obtain an image of the current flowing in the line.
• the step of acquiring current information further comprises an amplification step preceding the step of current injection, and the compensation current is generated during a synthesis step, then added to the modulation current during a summation step.
• the evolution of the compensation current is controlled, whether in increasing or decreasing mode during a synthesis step.
• the synthesis step comprises: a step of digital counting of pulses of predetermined clock frequency, said counting being initiated at predetermined sampling times, in synchronism with the network voltage information, and generating metering information, - a step of converting said metering information into analog information representing the compensation current, the acquisition of the image compensation current of the current flowing in the line being performed directly in digital form in response to an overvoltage detection.
• a device for counting electrical energy passing through a determined point of a single-phase network comprising means for acquiring current information flowing in a network line, means for acquiring voltage information between the lines of the network, and means for processing said voltage and current information to generate electrical energy measurement information from said voltage and current information.
• the means for acquiring current information comprise: means for injecting, into a winding of a magnetic circuit of predetermined structure surrounding one of the lines of the network, a current substantially proportional to the sum of 'a predetermined high frequency modulation current and a compensation current, means for detecting at the terminals of said winding an overvoltage at said predetermined high frequency, and means for acquiring the value of the compensation current in the event of detection of an overvoltage, said compensation current being controlled by synthesis means so that there is systematically detection of overvoltage.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic overview of an energy meter according to the invention, in which the measurement and acquisition part of the current is more particularly detailed;
• FIG. 2a and 2b illustrate the operating principle implemented in the measurement of the current and corresponding respectively to the linear and saturated regimes of the magnetic core used for the measurement of the current;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the processing part of the energy meter according to the invention.
• the electrical energy metering device comprises, with reference to FIG. 1, a part 2 for acquiring current information 12 flowing in a line LA of a single-phase network comprising two lines LA, LB, a part 3 for acquiring voltage information U between the two lines LA, LB, and a part 4 for processing current and voltage information to provide the resulting energy and power information.
• the part 2 for acquiring current information comprises a magnetic toroid 10, of very small dimension (for example, 1 cm in diameter) surrounding a line of the network, for example the line LA.
• This magnetic toroid 10 produced with a magnetic material with very high permeability, such as a ferrite material comprises an excitation winding 10a into which a current Il + IC is injected, from an amplification module 11.
• This amplification module 11 receives as input a control signal obtained by summation in an adder 13 of a modulation current kll, coming from a high frequency oscillator (HF) 12, and of a current called compensation kic delivered by a digital / analog converter 14.
• HF high frequency oscillator
• the synthesis of the compensation current kic is carried out by a synthesis module 100 comprising a sampling sequencer 19, with which is associated a sampling period Te, controlled by a clock 20, a counter of pulses 18 initialized by the sequencer 19 and receiving on its clock input CK the pulses from the clock 20, an acquisition register 16 ensuring the acquisition of the output information of the counter 18 in the form of N bits, when its acquisition control input ST is activated, and having a reset reset input.
• the acquisition control input ST is connected to the output of a high frequency overvoltage detector (HF) 15 the input of which is connected to the winding 10a of the magnetic core 10, while the reset input RESET is connected to the output of the sampling sequencer 19.
• HF high frequency overvoltage detector
• the output of the acquisition register 16 is applied at the input of the digital / analog converter 14 but also delivers on the bus 17 digital information of current XI to the processing part 4.
• the voltage information acquisition part 3 comprises a voltage sensor module 22, comprising for example a second magnetic toroid acting as a step-down and isolation transformer, not shown, and an analog / digital converter 23 which delivers a digital voltage information X2 to the processing part 4.
• the clock 20 is preferably synchronized with the mains according to known techniques, for example by means of a phase-locked loop circuit 21 connected to the sensor module 22.
• the excursion in magnetic induction B is greater than 2B ⁇ , if Bs is the saturation induction of the material and if the amplitude of the field hl is greater than the Hs coercive field.
• the magnetic induction excursion B is then very small in front of the excursion obtained in a compensation situation, due to the fact that the material is in a highly saturated state. This results in a low voltage developed at the terminals of the winding 10a and a non-activation of the overvoltage detector 15.
• the instantaneous compensation current Ie is the direct image of the current to be measured 12, to within a proportional factor which is equal to the number n of turns of the winding 10a.
• the clock 20 generates pulses at high frequency, in any case much higher than the sampling frequency which, for example, can be equal to 1 kHz.
• the sampling sequencer 19 performs a frequency division from the clock signal to generate a sampling signal of period Te, for example equal to 1 ms, intended for the reset inputs of the counter 18 and of the acquisition register. 16, which leads for example to the acquisition of 20 samples per period of the sector.
• the counter 18 From an initialization command, the counter 18 generates at output a digital "ramp" on N bits which, via the acquisition register 16, is converted into an analog ramp by the digital / analog converter 14.
• N can be equal to 8 or 12 depending on the required precision.
• This analog ramp of positive slope, is in fact the compensation current kic which is then added to the HF modulation current kll, the frequency of which is in any case very large compared to the limit frequency of the frequency spectrum of kic. It is therefore a current ramp modulated in HF which is injected into the winding 10a, closely coupled to the line conductor LA.
• the acquisition register 16 locks Digital information XI representative of the compensation current and therefore of the current flowing in the line LA.
• the compensation current kic is controlled so that the current injection step systematically leads to a detection of overvoltage.
• the sampling sequencer periodically ensures the resetting of the pulse counter 18 and therefore in fact generates a compensation current whose waveform is "sawtooth". It is also possible to have, thanks to the overvoltage detector 15 which is preferably a synchronous detector, a sign detection and to control the sign of the compensation current ramp as a function of the detected sign of the magnetic field in the circuit 10.
• the processing part 4 mainly consists of a calculation module 40 and an operating module 50.
• the digital words images respectively of the current, XI and the voltage, X2, obtained at each sampling period, are stored in a FIFO (first in first out) type stack 41, 42 which has the function of achieving a controlled phase shift of the information applied, in the present case equal to ⁇ / 2.
• the size of the stack 41, 42 is in this case determined by the relation
• T is the period of the sector.
• the calculation module 40 includes four multipliers 43, 44, 45, 46 respectively delivering the products XI. X2, Yl. Y2, XI. Y2, X2. Yl, and two summers 47, 48 respectively delivering the sum XI. X2 + Yl. Y2 and the difference XI. Y2 - Yl. X2.
• the operations are of course entirely digital and deliver for each sampling period Te, the digital information of active power Pa and reactive power Pr to the operating module 50.
• the operating module 50 preferably organized around a processor, then performs the well-known functions of filtering, integration, spectrum analysis and performs statistical processing.
• the integration function applied to the active power also makes it possible to obtain the electrical energy consumed.
• the operating module 50 allows the display of this information on displays 51, which can be controlled from buttons 52 ensuring for example the selection of the type of information (energy, power, statistical information) 52a, or scrolling. of this information 52b.
• the operating module 50 also provides
• a link bus 54 which may be a serial bus of the R5232C type, well known to those skilled in the art. This arrangement makes it possible to carry out remote programming of the programming means and a display on a remote console of the main information.
• the energy metering device 1 can preferably be connected to a common remote reporting bus 55, 56, which has the effect of rationalizing the reading of the energy meters and of obtaining a significant reduction in the costs of management for the energy distributor.
• All of the processing and operating acquisition parts can be performed within an integrated circuit for specific application of the ASIC type,
• the electrical supply necessary for the integrated circuit can be taken downstream from the toroidal voltage supply circuit, or else from an autonomous source of energy such as a battery.
• This provides a compact, inexpensive electrical energy metering device, providing galvanic isolation, remotely controllable and authorizing remote reporting, and which also has the advantage of not comprising an analog measurement stage at low level, which results in high reliability of energy measurements.
• all of the functions are not necessarily integrated within a single circuit, but separate circuits can be provided for acquisition and for processing.
• the bit size of the samples acquired can be greater than 12 and correspond to future developments in terms of integrated circuit capacity and power of future processors on the market .

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
• Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

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• 1989
  • 1989-08-04 FR FR8910549A patent/FR2650674B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1990
  • 1990-07-27 ES ES199090912444T patent/ES2027206T1/es active Pending
  • 1990-07-27 AU AU61840/90A patent/AU636646B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-07-27 US US07/671,703 patent/US5194850A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-07-27 EP EP90912444A patent/EP0437585A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-07-27 WO PCT/FR1990/000571 patent/WO1991002255A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-07-27 CA CA002038942A patent/CA2038942A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-08-02 MA MA22194A patent/MA21924A1/fr unknown
• 1991
  • 1991-04-04 OA OA59984A patent/OA09288A/xx unknown

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