EP0437421B1 - Mode of operation of a circuit arrangement for operating engraving systems for engraving printing formes - Google Patents
Mode of operation of a circuit arrangement for operating engraving systems for engraving printing formes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0437421B1 EP0437421B1 EP88905715A EP88905715A EP0437421B1 EP 0437421 B1 EP0437421 B1 EP 0437421B1 EP 88905715 A EP88905715 A EP 88905715A EP 88905715 A EP88905715 A EP 88905715A EP 0437421 B1 EP0437421 B1 EP 0437421B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- engraving
- circuit arrangement
- mode
- signal
- correction signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
- B41C1/00—Forme preparation
- B41C1/02—Engraving; Heads therefor
- B41C1/04—Engraving; Heads therefor using heads controlled by an electric information signal
Definitions
- the invention relates to the functioning of a circuit arrangement for improving the jumping behavior of engraving systems for electromechanical engraving of printing forms.
- Engraving systems such as those used for the electromechanical engraving of gravure forms, are described in detail in DE-PS 2 336 089 with regard to their design and their mode of operation.
- DE-A-27 39 977 which corresponds to FR-A 2 401 722, describes a method for producing rasterized printing forms in which a template for improving the contour reproduction is scanned with a higher resolution in the scanning direction than that of the printing raster, in which additional intermediate image values are obtained during the analog-digital conversion of the image signal between the digital main image values generated with the frequency of the raster signal, and further processed with the main image values in the order in which they were created and superimposed on the raster signal.
- printing forms are engraved, but no engraving stylus systems that vibrate strongly should be compensated.
- the object of the present invention is to specify the mode of operation of a circuit arrangement which improves the step behavior of electromagnetic transducers - in particular of engraving systems - down to a cutoff frequency of 0 Hz.
- the invention is based on the following consideration: If a linear, completely undamped spring-mass system is excited by a rectangular setpoint jump, as shown in FIG. 2, then, as shown in FIG. 3, it continues to oscillate with its characteristic natural frequency after the jump with twice the amplitude of the setpoint jump.
- the first reversal point is, however, also with good approximation - as in FIG. 3 - at twice the amplitude of the setpoint jump.
- this correction signal advantageously has half the amplitude value of the useful signal (FIG. 5) and the length of a quarter period of the system's natural oscillation and is advantageously also rectangular.
- this correction signal - as shown in FIG. 6 - is put ahead of the useful signal when it is output, the engraving system will jump to point P when the correction signal is applied (double amplitude of the correction signal).
- the engraving system has just reached the setpoint and the deflection speed is 0.
- the delay circuit gives the full new setpoint to the system, so it does not experience any further accelerations, but remains at the desired setpoint deflection.
- the foregoing applies only to linear systems.
- the spring of such systems is usually designed as a non-linear torsion spring, and the forces of the permanent magnetic flux also act on the armature like a spring with a non-linear identifier.
- the signal can be quantized and input and output can be effected by a shift register controlled by a clock.
- the correction signal can be obtained by regulated and controlled voltage dividers and can also be output by the clock control.
- circuit arrangements can be constructed with means that are familiar to any person skilled in the art.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Funktionsweise einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Verbesserung des Sprungverhaltens von Graviersystemen zur elektromechanischen Gravur von Druckformen.The invention relates to the functioning of a circuit arrangement for improving the jumping behavior of engraving systems for electromechanical engraving of printing forms.
Graviersysteme, wie sie zur elektromechanischen Gravur von Tiefdruckformen verwendet werden, sind hinsichtlich ihrer Bauform und ihrer Arbeitsweise in der DE-PS 2 336 089 ausführlich beschrieben.Engraving systems, such as those used for the electromechanical engraving of gravure forms, are described in detail in DE-PS 2 336 089 with regard to their design and their mode of operation.
Aus der genannten Schrift wird deutlich, daß ein solches System, das ein Feder-Masse-System darstellt, einerseits gedämpft werden muß, damit Ansteuerung mit steilen Kontursprüngen im Bildsignal das System nicht zum Überschwingen mit gedämpftem Ausschwingen in der Eigenresonanz anregen. Dies hätte in der Gravur Bildfehler nach steilen Tonwertsprüngen zur Folge.From the cited document it is clear that such a system, which is a spring-mass system, must be damped on the one hand so that activation with steep contour changes in the image signal does not excite the system to overshoot with damped decay in the natural resonance. This would result in image errors in the engraving after steep tone value jumps.
Andererseits muß ein solches System aber hinsichtlich seines Sprungverhaltens schnell genug sein, um steilen Tonwertsprüngen an scharfen Bildkonturen auch schnell genug zu folgen, weil scharfe Bildkonturen der Vorlage sonst in der Gravur unscharf wiedergegeben werden.On the other hand, such a system has to be fast enough with regard to its jumping behavior in order to follow steep tonal value jumps on sharp image contours quickly enough, because otherwise sharp image contours of the original are reproduced unsharp in the engraving.
Die Praxis zeigt, daß diese beiden Forderungen bei den hohen Ansprüchen, die die Reproduktionstechnik heute stellt, nicht vollkommen befriedigend miteinander vereinbar sind. Dämpft man ein Graviersystem etwa mit den in der DE-PS 2 336 089 beschriebenen Mittel - so stark, daß in der Gravur keine Überschwing- und Ausschwingvorgänge mehr sichtbar sind, dann ist in aller Regel die Anstiegszeit bei steilen Tonwertsprüngen nicht mehr kurz genug, um die Konturen in der Gravur mit befriedigender Schärfe wiederzugeben.Practice shows that these two requirements cannot be completely satisfactorily reconciled with the high demands that reproduction technology makes today. If you dampen an engraving system with the means described in DE-PS 2 336 089 - so strong that no overshoot and swing-out processes are visible in the engraving, then the rise time for steep jumps in tone value is usually no longer short enough to reproduce the contours in the engraving with satisfactory sharpness.
Aus der DE-PS 31 30 353 sind ein Verfahren und eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Verbesserung des Einschwingverhaltens von elektromagnetischen Wandlern bekannt. Die genannte Schrift bezieht sich insbesondere auf den Einsatz in Verbindung mit Lautsprechern, bei denen wegen des Impuls-charakters von Schallereignissen ähnliche Probleme auftreten wie oben
geschildert. Zum Unterschied gegen Graviersysteme müssen Lautsprecher jedoch nicht bis zu einer unteren Grenzfrequenz von fu = 0 Hz arbeiten. So besagt denn auch der Anspruch 1 der genannten Schrift, daß ein Korrektursignal zur Verbesserung des Einschwingverhaltens aus der Messung zweier aufeinanderfolgender Scheitelwerte gewonnen wird. Daraus, wie aus der Beschreibung der Anordnung, wird deutlich, daß dieses Verfahren nur bei Betrieb mit Wechselstrom bis herunter zu einer Grenzfrequenz fu > 0 arbeiten kann.From DE-PS 31 30 353 a method and a circuit arrangement for improving the transient response of electromagnetic transducers are known. The cited document relates in particular to the use in connection with loudspeakers, in which problems similar to the above occur due to the impulsive character of sound events
described. In contrast to engraving systems, loudspeakers do not have to work up to a lower cut-off frequency of f u = 0 Hz. Claim 1 of the cited document thus says that a correction signal for improving the transient response is obtained from the measurement of two successive peak values. From this, as from the description of the arrangement, it is clear that this method can only work when operated with alternating current down to a cutoff frequency f u > 0.
Diese Anordnung ist damit nicht in der Lage, das Sprungverhalten von Graviersystemen zu verbessern, weil das Arbeiten bis herunter zu einer Grenzfrequenz fu = 0 für diese eine unabdingbare Forderung ist.This arrangement is therefore not able to improve the jumping behavior of engraving systems, because working down to a cut-off frequency f u = 0 is an essential requirement for them.
In der DE-A-27 39 977, die der FR-A 2 401 722 entspricht, ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung gerasterter Druckformen beschrieben, bei dem eine Vorlage zur Verbesserung der Konturenwiedergabe mit einer in Abtastrichtung höheren Auflösung als die des Druckrasters abgetastet wird, in dem während der Analog-Digital-Wandlung des Bildsignals zwischen den mit der Frequenz des Rastersignals erzeugten digitalen Haupt-Bildwerten zusätzliche Zwischen-Bildwerte gewonnen und mit den Haupt-Bildwerten in der Reihenfolge ihrer Entstehung weiterverarbeitet und dem Rastersignal überlagert werden. Bei diesem Verfahren werden zwar Druckformen graviert, aber es sollen keine Gravierstichelsysteme, die stark schwingen, kompensiert werden.DE-A-27 39 977, which corresponds to FR-A 2 401 722, describes a method for producing rasterized printing forms in which a template for improving the contour reproduction is scanned with a higher resolution in the scanning direction than that of the printing raster, in which additional intermediate image values are obtained during the analog-digital conversion of the image signal between the digital main image values generated with the frequency of the raster signal, and further processed with the main image values in the order in which they were created and superimposed on the raster signal. In this procedure printing forms are engraved, but no engraving stylus systems that vibrate strongly should be compensated.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Arbeitsweise einer Schaltungsanordnung anzugeben, welche das Sprungverhalten von elektromagnetischen Wandlern - insbesondere von Graviersystemen - bis herunter zu einer Grenzfrequenz von 0 Hz verbessert.The object of the present invention is to specify the mode of operation of a circuit arrangement which improves the step behavior of electromagnetic transducers - in particular of engraving systems - down to a cutoff frequency of 0 Hz.
Die Erfindung erreicht dies durch die in Anspruch 1 angegebene Arbeitsweise. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The invention achieves this by the method of operation specified in claim 1. Advantageous further developments are specified in the subclaims.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Figuren 1 bis 6 näher beschrieben.The invention is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
Es zeigen:
- Figur 1:
- zeitlicher Verlauf des Ansteuersignals
- Figur 2:
- verzögertes Ansteuersignal
- Figur 3:
- Schwingungen eines ungedämpften Systems
- Figur 4:
- Schwingungen eines gedämpften Systems
- Figur 5:
- verzögertes Ansteuersignal und Korrektursignal
- Figur 6:
- Auslenkung des Graviersystems
- Figure 1:
- temporal course of the control signal
- Figure 2:
- delayed control signal
- Figure 3:
- Vibrations of an undamped system
- Figure 4:
- Vibrations of a damped system
- Figure 5:
- delayed control signal and correction signal
- Figure 6:
- Deflection of the engraving system
Zur Erläuterung der Arbeitsweise soll angenommen werden, daß - wie Figur 1 zeigt - am Signalausgang zum Zeitpunkt T₀ ein Rechtecksprung von 0 auf den Endwert S erfolgt, dem das Graviersystem mechanisch folgen soll. Dies stellt den härtesten, in der Praxis vorkommenden Fall dar.To explain the mode of operation, it should be assumed that - as shown in FIG. 1 - at the signal output at time T₀ there is a rectangular jump from 0 to the final value S, which the engraving system is to follow mechanically. This is the toughest practical case.
Der Erfindung liegt folgende Überlegung zugrunde:
Wird ein lineares völlig ungedämpftes Feder-Masse-System durch einen Rechteck-Sollwertsprung, wie in Figur 2 gezeigt, angeregt, dann schwingt es, wie in Figur 3 gezeigt, nach dem Sprung mit der doppelten Amplitude des Sollwertsprunges mit seiner charakteristischen Eigenfrequenz weiter.The invention is based on the following consideration:
If a linear, completely undamped spring-mass system is excited by a rectangular setpoint jump, as shown in FIG. 2, then, as shown in FIG. 3, it continues to oscillate with its characteristic natural frequency after the jump with twice the amplitude of the setpoint jump.
Bei einem praktisch ausgeführten System ist immer eine Dämpfung vorhanden, ggf. sogar durch eigens dafür vorgesehene Maßnahmen bewirkt.In a practically designed system, damping is always present, possibly even by means of measures provided for this purpose.
Ein solches System wird dem in Figur 4 wiedergegebenen Verlauf folgen; die unerwünschte Resonanzschwingung wird durch die Dämpfung abklingen, bis das System schließlich in der neuen Endlage bleibt, die dem Sollwertsprung entspricht. Dieses Einschwingen führt - wie oben erwähnt - zu Bildstörungen.Such a system will follow the course shown in Figure 4; the undesired resonance vibration will subside through the damping until the system finally remains in the new end position, which corresponds to the setpoint jump. As mentioned above, this settling leads to image disturbances.
Der erste Umkehrpunkt liegt jedoch auch hier mit guter Näherung - wie auch in Figur 3 - bei der doppelten Amplitude des Sollwertsprungs.The first reversal point is, however, also with good approximation - as in FIG. 3 - at twice the amplitude of the setpoint jump.
Geht man nun davon aus, daß das ankommende Signal nach Figur 1 einer Verzögerungsstufe zugeführt wird (beispielsweise einer Sample-and-Hold-Schaltung), die es nach einer Zeit T₂ - T₀ (Figur 5) wieder ausgibt, so kann man während dieser Speicherzeit aus dem Sollsignal ein Korrektursignal ableiten. Für einen Rechtecksprung des Nutzsignals hat dieses Korrektursignal vorteilhafterweise den halben Amplitudenwert des Nutzsignals (Figur 5) und die Länge einer Viertel-Periode der System-Eigenschwingung und ist vorteilhafterweise ebenfalls rechteckig.If one now assumes that the incoming signal according to FIG. 1 is fed to a delay stage (for example a sample-and-hold circuit) which it outputs again after a time T₂-T₀ (FIG. 5), then one can during this storage time derive a correction signal from the target signal. For a rectangular jump of the useful signal, this correction signal advantageously has half the amplitude value of the useful signal (FIG. 5) and the length of a quarter period of the system's natural oscillation and is advantageously also rectangular.
Stellt man dieses Korrektursignal - wie in Figur 6 gezeigt - bei der Ausgabe dem Nutzsignal zeitlich voran, dann wird das Graviersystem schon beim Anlegen des Korrektursignals auf den Punkt P springen (doppelte Amplitude des Korrektursignals). Im Zeitpunkt T₂ hat das Graviersystem gerade den Sollwert erreicht und die Auslenkgeschwindigkeit ist 0. Gibt nun zu diesem Zeitpunkt T₂ die Verzögerungsschaltung den vollen neuen Sollwert an das System, So erfährt es keine weiteren Beschleunigungen, sondern verharrt auf der gewünschten Soll-Auslenkung.If this correction signal - as shown in FIG. 6 - is put ahead of the useful signal when it is output, the engraving system will jump to point P when the correction signal is applied (double amplitude of the correction signal). At the time T₂, the engraving system has just reached the setpoint and the deflection speed is 0. Now, at this time T₂, the delay circuit gives the full new setpoint to the system, so it does not experience any further accelerations, but remains at the desired setpoint deflection.
Das vorher Gesagte gilt exakt nur für lineare Systeme. Die Feder solcher Systeme ist meist als nicht lineare Torsionsfeder ausgebildet, und auch die Kräfte des permanenten Magnetflusses wirken auf den Anker wie eine Feder mit nichtlinearer Kennung.The foregoing applies only to linear systems. The spring of such systems is usually designed as a non-linear torsion spring, and the forces of the permanent magnetic flux also act on the armature like a spring with a non-linear identifier.
Auch haben verschiedene Graviersysteme in der Fertigung geringfügige Streuungen in der Resonanzfrequenz.Various engraving systems in production also have slight variations in the resonance frequency.
Zur exakten Anpassung ist es deshalb von Vorteil, das Korrektursignal hinsichtlich Amplitude und Dauer einstellbar zu machen.For exact adaptation, it is therefore advantageous to make the correction signal adjustable in terms of amplitude and duration.
Wegen der nicht linearen Charakteristik ist es weiterhin von Vorteil, das Korrektursignal bezüglich seiner Amplitude und seiner Dauer abhängig von der Tonwertdifferenz (Sprunghöhe) und vom Tonwert selbst zu regeln.Because of the non-linear characteristic, it is also advantageous to regulate the correction signal with regard to its amplitude and duration depending on the tone value difference (jump height) and on the tone value itself.
Bezüglich der Ausführungsform der Schaltungsanordnung läßt sich eine Reihe von Lösungswegen anwenden. Zum Beispiel kann man das Signal quantisieren und Ein- sowie Ausgabe durch ein mittels Taktgeber gesteuertes Schieberegister bewirken. Das Korrektursignal kann durch geregelte und gesteuerte Spannungsteiler gewonnen werden und ebenfalls durch die Taktsteuerung ausgegeben werden.A number of possible solutions can be used with regard to the embodiment of the circuit arrangement. For example, the signal can be quantized and input and output can be effected by a shift register controlled by a clock. The correction signal can be obtained by regulated and controlled voltage dividers and can also be output by the clock control.
Ebenso sind Lösungen denkbar, die die Speicherung und Ausgabe mittels getakteter Sample-and-Hold-Schaltungen in analoger Form vornehmen.Solutions are also conceivable that store and output in analog form by means of clocked sample-and-hold circuits.
In jedem Fall lassen sich solche Schaltungsanordnungen mit Mitteln aufbauen, die jedem Fachmann geläufig sind.In any case, such circuit arrangements can be constructed with means that are familiar to any person skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
- Mode of operation of a circuit arrangement for the operation of an electromagnetically driven engraving system for the engraving of printing blocks, in which the electrical control signal for the engraving system is stored temporarily in a memory stage and is supplied to the engraving system, delayed by the storage time, and in which during the storage time a correction signal is obtained from the stored control signal and is passed to the engraving system, whereby the correction signal is placed chronologically in front of the original control signal.
- Mode of operation of a circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterised in that the correction signal is adjustable with regard to its amplitude and its duration of activity.
- Mode of operation of a circuit arrangement according to Claim 1 and 2, characterised in that the correction signal is able to be regulated with regard to its amplitude and its duration of activity as a function of the tone value jump which is to be reproduced in each case, and of the tone value itself.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873724256 DE3724256A1 (en) | 1987-07-22 | 1987-07-22 | FUNCTIONALITY OF A CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR THE OPERATION OF ENGRAVING SYSTEMS FOR THE ENGRAVING OF PRINTING FORMS |
| DE3724256 | 1987-07-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0437421A1 EP0437421A1 (en) | 1991-07-24 |
| EP0437421B1 true EP0437421B1 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
Family
ID=6332118
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88905715A Expired - Lifetime EP0437421B1 (en) | 1987-07-22 | 1988-07-20 | Mode of operation of a circuit arrangement for operating engraving systems for engraving printing formes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5036403A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0437421B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0753437B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3724256A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989000502A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5416597A (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1995-05-16 | Mubaslat; Saed M. | System and technique for damping engraving head rings |
| US5831746A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1998-11-03 | Ohio Electronic Engravers, Inc. | Engraved area volume measurement system and method using pixel data |
| US5402246A (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1995-03-28 | Ohio Electronic Engravers, Inc. | Method for predicting ink consumption |
| JP2901467B2 (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1999-06-07 | 大日本スクリーン製造株式会社 | Gravure engraving machine |
| US5818605A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-10-06 | R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company | Method and apparatus for high resolution sensing of engraving stylus movement |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2829313A (en) * | 1954-06-01 | 1958-04-01 | Time Inc | Glow lamp stabilizing system |
| US3503059A (en) * | 1967-03-22 | 1970-03-24 | Ibm | Pulse crowding compensation for magnetic recording |
| DE2739977C3 (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1981-01-29 | Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell Gmbh, 2300 Kiel | Engraving device for the production of printing forms |
| DE2741953C3 (en) * | 1977-09-17 | 1981-05-21 | Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell Gmbh, 2300 Kiel | Engraving device for the production of printing forms |
| DE3130353C2 (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1983-05-19 | Peter Michael Dipl.-Ing. 8000 München Pfleiderer | Method and circuit arrangement for improving the transient response, in particular of a loudspeaker. |
| EP0098319B1 (en) * | 1982-07-03 | 1986-03-26 | DR.-ING. RUDOLF HELL GmbH | Method and arrangement for contrast enhancement |
-
1987
- 1987-07-22 DE DE19873724256 patent/DE3724256A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-07-20 WO PCT/DE1988/000449 patent/WO1989000502A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1988-07-20 EP EP88905715A patent/EP0437421B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-20 JP JP63505990A patent/JPH0753437B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-20 DE DE8888905715T patent/DE3880329D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-20 US US07/458,758 patent/US5036403A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0437421A1 (en) | 1991-07-24 |
| WO1989000502A1 (en) | 1989-01-26 |
| US5036403A (en) | 1991-07-30 |
| JPH0753437B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
| JPH02501463A (en) | 1990-05-24 |
| DE3724256A1 (en) | 1989-02-02 |
| DE3880329D1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
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