EP0430768A1 - Composite base anode for X-ray tube - Google Patents
Composite base anode for X-ray tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0430768A1 EP0430768A1 EP90403296A EP90403296A EP0430768A1 EP 0430768 A1 EP0430768 A1 EP 0430768A1 EP 90403296 A EP90403296 A EP 90403296A EP 90403296 A EP90403296 A EP 90403296A EP 0430768 A1 EP0430768 A1 EP 0430768A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- base body
- layer
- ray tube
- anode according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
- H01J35/108—Substrates for and bonding of emissive target, e.g. composite structures
Definitions
- the invention relates to an X-ray tube anode, more particularly a rotating anode of the type comprising a composite base body carrying a target formed by a surface layer of an X-ray emitting material.
- X-radiation is obtained under the effect of electronic bombardment of a layer of a target material, that is to say, generally a material high atomic number, refractory and good conductor of heat such as, for example, tungsten, molybdenum or an alloy containing at least one of these elements.
- a target material that is to say, generally a material high atomic number, refractory and good conductor of heat such as, for example, tungsten, molybdenum or an alloy containing at least one of these elements.
- the target layer is bombarded on a small surface called focal point, constituting the source of X-radiation.
- focal point constituting the source of X-radiation.
- the large instantaneous powers (of the order of 100 kw) brought into play, and the small dimensions of the focal point have long led to the use of anodes rotating to distribute and evacuate the heat flow over a larger area than the hearth.
- the rotating anodes are generally formed by a base body or substrate forming a block of regular shape such as a disc, a cone or the like, and on which is deposited one or more layers of an X-ray emissive material or target material.
- the adhesion of the target material layer on the base body is improved by the deposition of an intermediate bonding layer, thus creating a certain continuity between the emissive material and the material forming the substrate, for example by surface diffusion of the fastening material in the other two materials or vice versa. This continuity can promote the propagation of cracks generated in the emissive material.
- the object of the invention is in particular to remedy these drawbacks by proposing an anode comprising a base body of particular structure making it possible to limit the propagation of cracks in the base body and thus reduce the risks of bursting of the anode.
- the invention provides an anode for an X-ray tube comprising a base body or substrate on which a target is formed by a layer of target material emitting X-rays.
- the base body comprises at least two parts constituted by a first material linked together by a layer of a second material having a plasticity greater than that of the first material.
- plasticity of a material it is necessary to understand the faculty of the material to be deformed permanently.
- a material having a high ductility has a high plasticity.
- the base body is formed of two parts made of a first fragile material and joined together by a layer of solder.
- a plastic material such as metals or metal alloys is used.
- the layer separating the parts made with the first material are parallel to the plane of longitudinal section of the base body.
- the parts made of first fragile materials form layers parallel to the plane of longitudinal section of the base body, thus forming a multi-layer structure.
- the first material must be refractory and have sufficient mechanical strength to form an X-ray tube anode and in particular a rotating anode.
- suitable materials mention may be made of carbon, graphite, ceramics, carbon-carbon composites.
- this material must have sufficient plasticity to absorb or absorb the stresses created during the generation of cracks at the interface with the first material.
- Materials suitable for making the layer plastics include, in particular, platinum, zirconium, metal alloys such as the titanium-zirconium-beryllium alloy or the like.
- the thickness of these plastic layers is not critical. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, this thickness is small compared to the thickness of the layers of non-plastic material, for example of the order of a hundredth of a millimeter to a few tenths of a millimeter.
- the invention also relates to an X-ray tube comprising an anode as described above.
- an X-ray tube comprises, in an empty enclosure, not shown, a cathode 1 situated opposite an anode 2.
- the cathode 1 is inserted in an optical assembly of focusing 3 for guiding and focusing the electron beam 4 emitted by the cathode on a small surface 5 of the anode 2 called focus.
- the emission of the electron beam 4 by the cathode is generated by high temperature heating of a filament (not shown).
- the anode 2 receives the electron beam 3 and re-emits X-radiation, referenced 6, in particular in the direction of a use window 7 provided, for example, on the envelope of the tube.
- the anode 2 is mounted on an axis, not illustrated, driven in rotation.
- the focus 5 is a ring of small width defined on the surface of the anode 2.
- the anode 2 has the shape of a block having inclined faces on which a target layer 8 is deposited.
- the base body 9 or substrate comprises in its center a through bore 10 to allow the attachment of the anode 2 on an axis, not illustrated.
- the base body 9 consists of two parts 11, 12 formed from a fragile material such as graphite, assembled together by a layer 13 of plastic material, advantageously a layer of material forming a solder such as a titanium-zirconium alloy- beryllium.
- This solder can also be made with zirconium or platinum.
- This layer of plastic material has a thickness of about 0.2 millimeters.
- the anode 2 is constituted by washers 14 of fragile material such as graphite assembled together by layers 15 of plastic material such as the materials already mentioned above.
- such a structure makes it possible to use as material for forming the basic body a light material such as graphite or a carbon-carbon compound while limiting the brittleness and the risks of it bursting by stopping the propagation of cracks at the interfaces between the layers of plastic material 13 or 15 and the brittle material 11, 12 or 14.
- a light material such as graphite or a carbon-carbon compound
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne une anode de tube à rayons X, plus particulièrement une anode tournante du type comprenant un corps de base composite portant une cible formée par une couche superficielle d'un matériau émissif de rayons X.The invention relates to an X-ray tube anode, more particularly a rotating anode of the type comprising a composite base body carrying a target formed by a surface layer of an X-ray emitting material.
Dans les tubes à rayon X, notamment ceux utilisés pour le diagnostic médical, le rayonnement X est obtenu sous l'effet d'un bombardement électronique d'une couche d'un matériau cible, c'est-à-dire, généralement un matériau à numéro atomique élevé, réfractaire et bon conducteur de la chaleur comme, par exemple, le tungstène, le molybdène ou un alliage contenant au moins un de ces éléments. Ces éléments sont les plus couramment utilisés, mais l'invention n'est pas limitée à une anode avec un matériau émissif contenant ces éléments ou leurs alliages.In X-ray tubes, in particular those used for medical diagnosis, X-radiation is obtained under the effect of electronic bombardment of a layer of a target material, that is to say, generally a material high atomic number, refractory and good conductor of heat such as, for example, tungsten, molybdenum or an alloy containing at least one of these elements. These elements are the most commonly used, but the invention is not limited to an anode with an emissive material containing these elements or their alloys.
La couche cible est bombardée sur une faible surface appelée foyer, constituant la source du rayonnement X. Les puissances instantanées importantes (de l'ordre de 100 kw) mises en jeu, et les petites dimensions du foyer ont depuis longtemps conduit à utiliser des anodes tournantes afin de répartir et évacuer le flux thermique sur une surface plus grande que le foyer.The target layer is bombarded on a small surface called focal point, constituting the source of X-radiation. The large instantaneous powers (of the order of 100 kw) brought into play, and the small dimensions of the focal point have long led to the use of anodes rotating to distribute and evacuate the heat flow over a larger area than the hearth.
Cette répartition et évacuation thermique est d'autant plus efficace que la vitesse linéaire de rotation de l'anode est élevée.This distribution and thermal evacuation is all the more effective the higher the linear speed of rotation of the anode.
Toutefois, cette vitesse linéaire est limitée par la résistance mécanique de l'anode, et notamment les risques d'éclatement de celle-ci, éclatement dû à la formation de fissures, notamment dans le matériau formant la couche cible, ces fissures se propageant dans les autres matériaux constituant l'anode.However, this linear speed is limited by the mechanical strength of the anode, and in particular the risks of it bursting, bursting due to the formation of cracks, in particular in the material. forming the target layer, these cracks propagating in the other materials constituting the anode.
En effet, les anodes tournantes sont généralement formées par un corps de base ou substrat formant un bloc de forme régulière tel qu'un disque, un cône ou analogue, et sur lequel est déposée une ou plusieurs couches d'un matériau émissif de rayons X ou matériau cible. Généralement, l'adhérence de la couche de matériau cible sur le corps de base est améliorée par le dépôt d'une couche intermédiaire d'accrochage, créant ainsi une certaine continuité entre le matériau émissif et le matériau formant le substrat, par exemple, par diffusion superficielle du matériau d'accrochage dans les deux autres matériaux ou inversement. Cette continuité peut favoriser la propagation des fissures générées dans le matériau émissif.Indeed, the rotating anodes are generally formed by a base body or substrate forming a block of regular shape such as a disc, a cone or the like, and on which is deposited one or more layers of an X-ray emissive material or target material. Generally, the adhesion of the target material layer on the base body is improved by the deposition of an intermediate bonding layer, thus creating a certain continuity between the emissive material and the material forming the substrate, for example by surface diffusion of the fastening material in the other two materials or vice versa. This continuity can promote the propagation of cracks generated in the emissive material.
L'invention a notamment pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant une anode comprenant un corps de base de structure particulière permettant de limiter la propagation des fissures dans le corps de base et ainsi diminuer les risques d'éclatement de l'anode.The object of the invention is in particular to remedy these drawbacks by proposing an anode comprising a base body of particular structure making it possible to limit the propagation of cracks in the base body and thus reduce the risks of bursting of the anode.
A cet effet, l'invention propose une anode pour tube à rayons X comportant un corps de base ou substrat sur lequel une cible est formée par une couche de matériau cible émissif de rayons X. Le corps de base comprend au moins deux parties constituées par un premier matériau reliées entre elles par une couche d'un second matériau présentant une plasticité supérieure à celle du premier matériau.To this end, the invention provides an anode for an X-ray tube comprising a base body or substrate on which a target is formed by a layer of target material emitting X-rays. The base body comprises at least two parts constituted by a first material linked together by a layer of a second material having a plasticity greater than that of the first material.
Par plasticité d'un matériau, il faut comprendre la faculté du matériau à se déformer de manière permanente. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, un matériau ayant une ductilité élevée présente une plasticité élevée.By plasticity of a material, it is necessary to understand the faculty of the material to be deformed permanently. Thus, by way of example, a material having a high ductility has a high plasticity.
La demanderesse a trouvé que la présence d'interface entre des matériaux de plasticité différente limite et même arrête la propagation des fissures.The Applicant has found that the presence of an interface between materials of different plasticity limits and even stops the propagation of cracks.
Ainsi, dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le corps de base est formé de deux parties réalisées en un premier matériau fragile et assemblées entre elles par une couche de brasure. Comme matériau de brasure, on utilise un matériau plastique tel que des métaux ou des alliages métalliques.Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the base body is formed of two parts made of a first fragile material and joined together by a layer of solder. As the brazing material, a plastic material such as metals or metal alloys is used.
Selon une autre caractéristique, la couche séparant les parties réalisées avec le premier matériau sont parallèles au plan de section longitudinale du corps de base.According to another characteristic, the layer separating the parts made with the first material are parallel to the plane of longitudinal section of the base body.
Selon une autre caractéristique, les parties en premiers matériaux fragiles forment des couches parallèles au plan de section longitudinale du corps de base formant ainsi une structure multi-couches.According to another characteristic, the parts made of first fragile materials form layers parallel to the plane of longitudinal section of the base body, thus forming a multi-layer structure.
Le premier matériau doit être réfractaire et présente une résistance mécanique suffisante pour former une anode de tube à rayons X et notamment une anode tournante.The first material must be refractory and have sufficient mechanical strength to form an X-ray tube anode and in particular a rotating anode.
A titre d'exemple de matériaux convenables, on peut citer le carbone, le graphite, les céramiques, les composites carbone-carbone.As an example of suitable materials, mention may be made of carbon, graphite, ceramics, carbon-carbon composites.
Concernant la nature du second matériau, ce matériau doit présenter une plasticité suffisante pour absorber ou amortir les contraintes créées lors de la génération de fissure à l'interface avec le premier matériau.Regarding the nature of the second material, this material must have sufficient plasticity to absorb or absorb the stresses created during the generation of cracks at the interface with the first material.
Bien entendu, ce matériau doit présenter une telle plasticité à toutes les températures d'utilisation de l'anode.Of course, this material must have such plasticity at all temperatures of use of the anode.
Généralement ces températures de fonctionnement sont couramment comprises entre celles de l'ambiance et 1400°C.Generally these operating temperatures are commonly between those of the environment and 1400 ° C.
Les matériaux convenables pour réaliser la couche plastique sont notamment, le platine, le zirconium, des alliages métalliques tels que l'alliage titane-zirconium-béryllium ou analogue.Materials suitable for making the layer plastics include, in particular, platinum, zirconium, metal alloys such as the titanium-zirconium-beryllium alloy or the like.
Cette liste n'est donnée qu'à titre indicatif et n'a pas de caractère limitatif.This list is given for information only and is not limiting.
En outre, l'épaisseur de ces couches plastiques n'est pas critique. Toutefois, dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, cette épaisseur est faible par rapport à l'épaisseur des couches en matériau non plastique, par exemple de l'ordre du centième de millimètre à quelques dixièmes de millimètres.In addition, the thickness of these plastic layers is not critical. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, this thickness is small compared to the thickness of the layers of non-plastic material, for example of the order of a hundredth of a millimeter to a few tenths of a millimeter.
L'invention a également pour objet un tube à rayons X comprenant une anode telle que décrite ci-dessus.The invention also relates to an X-ray tube comprising an anode as described above.
D'autres buts, avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement au vu de la description détaillée de modes de réalisation de l'invention classée à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux figures annexées, dans lesquelles
- - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention
- - la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
- - la figure 3 est une représentation schématique et de principe d'un tube à rayons X.
- - Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view in cross section of a second embodiment of the invention, and
- - Figure 3 is a schematic and principle representation of an X-ray tube.
En se référant à la figure 3, un tube à rayons X comprend, dans une enceinte vide non représentée, une cathode 1 située en vis-à-vis d'une anode 2. La cathode 1 est insérée dans un ensemble d'optique de focalisation 3 permettant de guider et focaliser le faisceau d'électrons 4 émis par la cathode sur une petite surface 5 de l'anode 2 appelée foyer.Referring to FIG. 3, an X-ray tube comprises, in an empty enclosure, not shown, a cathode 1 situated opposite an
L'émission du faisceau d'électrons 4 par la cathode, est générée par un chauffage à haute température d'un filament (non représenté).The emission of the electron beam 4 by the cathode is generated by high temperature heating of a filament (not shown).
L'anode 2 reçoit le faisceau d'électrons 3 et réémet un rayonnement X, référencé 6, notamment en direction d'une fenêtre d'utilisation 7 prévue, par exemple, sur l'enveloppe du tube.The
L'anode 2 est montée sur un axe, non illustré, entraîné en rotation. Ainsi, le foyer 5 est une couronne de faible largeur définie sur la surface de l'anode 2. On décrira maintenant en référence aux figures 1 et 2, deux modes de réalisation de l'invention.The
Dans un premier mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 1, l'anode 2 a une forme d'un bloc présentant des faces inclinées sur lesquelles est déposée une couche cible 8. Le corps de base 9 ou substrat comprend en son centre un alésage traversant 10 pour permettre la fixation de l'anode 2 sur un axe, non illustré.In a first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the
Le corps de base 9 est constitué de deux parties 11, 12 formées en un matériau fragile comme du graphite, assemblées ensemble par une couche 13 de matériau plastique, avantageusement une couche de matériau formant une brasure telle qu'un alliage au titane-zirconium-béryllium.The
On peut également réaliser cette brasure avec du zirconium ou du platine.This solder can also be made with zirconium or platinum.
Cette couche de matériau plastique a une épaisseur de 0,2 millimètre environ.This layer of plastic material has a thickness of about 0.2 millimeters.
Dans le second mode de réalisation, illustré à la figure 2, l'anode 2 est constituée par des rondelles 14 de matériau fragile tel que du graphite assemblées ensemble par des couches 15 en matériau plastique tel que les matériaux déjà cités ci-dessus.In the second embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 2, the
Ainsi, une telle structure permet d'utiliser comme matériau pour former le corps de base un matériau léger comme le graphite ou un composé carbone-carbone tout en limitant la fragilité et les risques d'éclatement de celui-ci par arrêt de la propagation des fissures au niveau des interfaces entre les couches de matériau plastique 13 ou 15 et le matériau fragile 11, 12 ou 14.Thus, such a structure makes it possible to use as material for forming the basic body a light material such as graphite or a carbon-carbon compound while limiting the brittleness and the risks of it bursting by stopping the propagation of cracks at the interfaces between the layers of
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8915634A FR2655192A1 (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1989-11-28 | ANODE FOR X - RAY TUBE WITH COMPOSITE BASE BODY. |
| FR8915634 | 1989-11-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0430768A1 true EP0430768A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
Family
ID=9387862
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90403296A Ceased EP0430768A1 (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1990-11-21 | Composite base anode for X-ray tube |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5155755A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0430768A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2655192A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0555083A1 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-11 | General Electric Company | Brazed X-ray tube anode manufacturing method |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5943389A (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-08-24 | Varian Medical Systems, Inc. | X-ray tube rotating anode |
| US8428222B2 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2013-04-23 | General Electric Company | X-ray tube target and method of repairing a damaged x-ray tube target |
| US8116432B2 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2012-02-14 | General Electric Company | X-ray tube target brazed emission layer |
| WO2013098733A1 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Brazed x-ray tube anode |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0031940A2 (en) * | 1980-01-02 | 1981-07-15 | General Electric Company | Molybdenum substrate for high power density tungsten focal track X-ray targets |
| EP0062380A1 (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1982-10-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method of producing an anode for X-ray tube and anode |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2498375A1 (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1982-07-23 | Thomson Csf | UNIVERSAL LIMITER OF SECONDARY RADIATION IN A RADIOGENIC TUBE AND RADIOGENIC TUBE COMPRISING SUCH A LIMITER |
| FR2535344A1 (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1984-05-04 | Thomson Csf | METHOD FOR SELECTIVE DEPOSITION OF A REFRACTORY METAL LAYER ON A GRAPHITE PIECE |
| JPS59196542A (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1984-11-07 | Hitachi Ltd | Target for x-ray tube |
| JPS6095841A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1985-05-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Target for x-ray tube |
| FR2566960B1 (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-11-14 | Thomson Cgr | X-RAY TUBE WITH ROTATING ANODE AND METHOD FOR FIXING A ROTATING ANODE ON A SUPPORT AXIS |
| JPS6166349A (en) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-04-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Rotary anode target for x-ray tube and its manufacturing method |
| JPS6296643A (en) * | 1985-10-24 | 1987-05-06 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | Superplastic aluminum alloy |
| FR2593324B1 (en) * | 1986-01-17 | 1988-03-25 | Thomson Cgr | ROTATING ANODE WITH GRAPHITE FOR RADIOGENIC TUBE |
| JPS62271333A (en) * | 1986-05-19 | 1987-11-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Target of x-ray tube |
| JPH0787082B2 (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1995-09-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Rotating anode target for X-ray tube |
| FR2625035B1 (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1993-02-12 | Thomson Cgr | ROTATING ANODE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR X-RAY TUBE |
| FR2626108B1 (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1990-05-04 | Thomson Cgr | ROTATING ANODE X-RAY TUBE HAVING AN ANODIC CURRENT FLOW DEVICE |
| US5008918A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-04-16 | General Electric Company | Bonding materials and process for anode target in an x-ray tube |
-
1989
- 1989-11-28 FR FR8915634A patent/FR2655192A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-11-21 EP EP90403296A patent/EP0430768A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-11-27 US US07/619,923 patent/US5155755A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0031940A2 (en) * | 1980-01-02 | 1981-07-15 | General Electric Company | Molybdenum substrate for high power density tungsten focal track X-ray targets |
| EP0062380A1 (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1982-10-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method of producing an anode for X-ray tube and anode |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 233 (E-427)(2289) 13 août 1986, & JP-A-61 66349 (HITACHI LTD) 05 avril 1986, * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 307 (C-450)(2754) 07 octobre 1987, & JP-A-62 96643 (SUMITOMO LIGHT METALS IND LTD.) 06 mai 1987, * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0555083A1 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-11 | General Electric Company | Brazed X-ray tube anode manufacturing method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5155755A (en) | 1992-10-13 |
| FR2655192A1 (en) | 1991-05-31 |
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