EP0428515B1 - Connecteurs electriques - Google Patents

Connecteurs electriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0428515B1
EP0428515B1 EP89904155A EP89904155A EP0428515B1 EP 0428515 B1 EP0428515 B1 EP 0428515B1 EP 89904155 A EP89904155 A EP 89904155A EP 89904155 A EP89904155 A EP 89904155A EP 0428515 B1 EP0428515 B1 EP 0428515B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
plug
electrical
socket
electrical connector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89904155A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0428515A1 (fr
Inventor
Alan David Webb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alpha Thames Engineering Ltd
Original Assignee
Alpha Thames Engineering Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alpha Thames Engineering Ltd filed Critical Alpha Thames Engineering Ltd
Publication of EP0428515A1 publication Critical patent/EP0428515A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0428515B1 publication Critical patent/EP0428515B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
    • H01R13/523—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases for use under water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
    • E21B33/038—Connectors used on well heads, e.g. for connecting blow-out preventer and riser
    • E21B33/0385—Connectors used on well heads, e.g. for connecting blow-out preventer and riser electrical connectors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical connectors and in particular to electrical connectors for supply of power to electrical equipment which is installed and used underwater.
  • the first category of electrical connectors are more usually associated with such items of equipment as underwater television camera systems, electrical supplies to diving bells or enclosed well head remote control systems. These electrical connectors vary in rating and complexity from relatively simple single or twin line connectors of the type to be found in divers' umbilicals for telephone communications to the fifty-four pin waterproof connectors used at the tether cable terminations of remote controlled, free swimming submersibles. These connectors intended for electrical make and break in air generally have watertight enclosures and rely on "O" ring seals to exclude the water from the live parts of their construction, and they are also pressure sensitive in that they have to be rated for use at specific maximum ambient pressures.
  • the second category of electrical connector may take the form of one of a number of different constructions.
  • One construction consists of a positive displacement design, in which the insertion of a plug pin into a socket with an interference fit is intended to displace the water within the socket tube. This construction relies upon close tolerances and the correct choice of body material to ensure a resilient interference fit. For short underwater missions, this electrical connector is very effective, but it has size limitations, and an earth fault can occur if a speck of grit is trapped during insertion of the plug pin. When this construction is used for long term underwater installation, there may be some difficulty in breaking apart a connector of this type.
  • Another type of underwater mateable electrical connector has a moulded rubber body, the resilience of which is relied upon to isolate water trapped in cavities, which contain electrically conductive metal, within the rubber moulding.
  • This design is effective for small multi-conductor connectors, but it also has size limitations and is prone to grit entrapment.
  • GB-A-1594125 discloses a connector in which the sea-water filled socket is evacuated and replaced by oil. These connectors may have an oil-filled electrical contact chamber and a piston arrangement to maintain a constant volume of oil within the connector body. Different arrangements of this oil-filled type connector have been manufactured for use with very high voltages and power capacities. However, they are relatively expensive, require close manufacturing tolerances and contain many component parts.
  • Another oil-filled type connector relies upon the difference in specific gravity of the filling oil and surrounding water to trap the insulating liquid around the conducting metal. As the connector plug is inserted into the socket, the oil level in the socket alters and a reservoir built into the socket body accommodates the excess oil, until the plug is removed from the socket.
  • This electrical connector is very simple and is available for all sizes and applications, but it is essential that it be mounted with a vertical axis. Depending upon the specific application, the socket can be installed with its open end either directed downwards or upwards, and a filling oil of specific gravity either lighter or heavier than the surrounding water is selected. With this connector it is possible, though not recommended, to make and break live electrical circuits underwater, and to leave the socket open to the water with power still connected thereto. As this connector is pressure balanced and does not rely upon seals, it is relatively easy for operation in any water depth.
  • the plug has a single pin with any number of ring contacts along its length, and the socket is fixedly mounted on equipment on the water or sea bed with its open socket mouth directed upwards.
  • the socket is filled with an insulating oil, which is heavier than the surrounding water.
  • the mouth is closed with a buoyant valve ball trapped inside, which is dislodged by the plug pin, as it starts to be inserted into the socket.
  • the plug contains an oil reservoir, which can be filled with heavy oil that is decanted down into the socket after complete mating to top up the oil level in the socket if necessary. This is however very unlikely to be necessary, as the connector is completely closed after mating, but with repeated plug withdrawals a trace of oil tends to be removed each time.
  • an O-ring sealed hydraulic circuit connection which aligns with a hydraulic circuit in the socket body.
  • the hydraulic ports are closed by spring-loaded valves to prevent fluid loss when the plug and socket are disconnected. By design, these valves can only open under the socket filling oil, and so surrounding water cannot enter the hydraulic pipework or equipment.
  • This construction forms a composite electrical and hydraulic power connector complete with communications circuits, that can operate in almost any water depth without manned intervention.
  • the bodies of the components are largely of plastics materials, which eliminates any corrosion problems and so long term installation can be considered. It can be used for high or low power circuits, on either, or both AC or DC supplies.
  • all of these oil-filled connectors suffer from the problem of ingress of water molecules or droplets into the oil upon mating of the connector parts, which can cause short-circuiting, as well as corrosion of metal parts leading to degradation and eventual failure of the connector.
  • An alternative type of electrical connector which contains an insulator, has the socket body filled with a grease, which is held in place behind a rubber membrane.
  • a grease which is held in place behind a rubber membrane.
  • the plug pins When the plug pins are inserted through carefully manufactured slit-holes in the membrane, the grease is displaced thereby distorting the membrane slightly. As the pins are removed, grease is drawn in behind to fill the void left by the pins in the socket body and the membrane reverts to its original dimensions.
  • This electrical connector is very effective for small power applications, but has a physical size limitation.
  • this device can also be operated live underwater. However, also like the oil-filled connectors, this device has the problem of ingress of water molecules or droplets into the grease during mating of the connector parts.
  • This connector is essentially a magnetic circuit which is split into two halves at the mating face. Coils are wound around each half, and when assembled the unit is virtually a l/l transformer.
  • This connector can have the positive advantage of not having live metal in contact with water, when electrical connection is made or broken underwater. It does, however, only work on an AC circuit, and although very suitable for communications circuits, it has a distinct power capacity limitation and a significant power loss.
  • Various versions have been made and marketed, but transmission efficiencies of greater than 80% are rare.
  • the present invention consists in an electrical connector for use in making underwater electrical connections
  • an electrical socket including an enclosure containing a liquid and at least one electrical contact, an electrical plug for insertion into said socket to provide an electrical coupling between the or each electrical contact and the plug, and means for emptying substantially all of the liquid from said enclosure
  • said means comprises valve means connecting said enclosure to a gas-filled chamber maintained at a pressure below the pressure within said enclosure, said valve means being actuable by the action of insertion of said electrical plug to permit the flow of substantially all of said liquid from said enclosure into said chamber and the flow of gas from said chamber into said enclosure.
  • means may be provided for balancing the pressure of the enclosure with that of the surrounding water, i.e. ambient pressure.
  • valve means may be actuated by means of a push rod, which is connected at one end to the valve means and the other end of which projects outwardly from said connector.
  • the projecting end of the push rod may be located so that, just prior to final engagement or location of the plug, the projecting end engages the plug body to actuate the valve means.
  • the enclosure conveniently has a valved inlet for the plug which may comprise a conduit opening at one end into the enclosure and sealingly closed at its other end by further valve means, the further valve means being operable by a pin of the plug to enable the pin to be inserted into the enclosure via the conduit.
  • the socket components are immersed in a liquid contained within an outer housing.
  • the socket preferably includes means for replenishing the enclosure with liquid from within the housing prior to disconnection of the socket from the plug.
  • the replenishing means may comprise valve means coupled to the enclosure.
  • the chamber is preferably filled with air and the enclosure is filled with a liquid which suitably has one or more of the following properties, i.e. dielectric, non-diesel, substantially incompressible, and environmentally acceptable.
  • a liquid which suitably has one or more of the following properties, i.e. dielectric, non-diesel, substantially incompressible, and environmentally acceptable.
  • a liquid is an oil.
  • an inert gas may be used instead of air.
  • the present invention thus provides an electrical connector, wherein the electrical connection operates in a substantially liquid-free atmosphere, thereby overcoming the problems caused by invading water molecules or droplets.
  • the electrical connector in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, can also be re-usable and has generous alignment and orientation tolerances for mating purposes.
  • the plug rather than the socket, is mounted on the seabed or an underwater structure, as this has no moving parts or seals, which may require maintenance thereby minimizing the need for retrieval,although this can be relatively easily achieved if necessary.
  • the electrical socket is also suitable for transit through an air/water interface prior to mating with the plug pin.
  • the electrical connector may also be constructed from corrosion resistant materials to inhibit corrosive degradation of the connector.
  • an electrical socket the components of which are immersed in a liquid, for example oil, filling an outer housing 1 supported in a lifting frame 30.
  • a liquid for example oil
  • This oil Prior to the socket being immersed underwater, this oil is poured into the housing 1 through holes closed by drain/filling plugs 32.
  • the housing 1 contains an annular chamber 33, which is partitioned into two regions 34 and 35 by a pressure-compensating diaphragm 24.
  • oil is poured into the region 35 through holes closed by crud caps 38 so that the diaphragm 24 is moved into the illustrated position to enable it to function as described hereinafter.
  • the socket includes an enclosure 2 having an inlet conduit 3, connected at one end into the enclosure and having a ball valve 4 at its other end.
  • the ball valve 4 consists of a valve ball 7 lodged between two flexible membrane seals 8,9, so as to seal apertures 10,11, respectively formed in the membrane seals.
  • the enclosure 2 and inlet 3 are filled with a liquid, preferably in the form of oil, through drain/filler cap 32a.
  • the enclosure 2 also contains a contact 12 which can be electrically connected to an external power source, via an electrical lead cable 13.
  • Two further conduits 14,15 are connected at one of their ends into the enclosure 2 and at their other ends into a chamber 16, which is sealed by a pressure transfer valve 17 and is filled with a gas, preferably air, at a pressure approximately equal to atmospheric pressure.
  • the valve 17, which is shown enlarged and in more detail in Figure 2, includes a spring 18, which is compressed by upward movement of a push rod 19, the upward movement being effected by force exerted on end 19a of the rod, which projects externally of the socket. Once the force exerted on the rod end has been removed, the push rod 19 returns to its initial position under the action of the spring.
  • an electrical plug consists of a pin 20 connected into a plug body 21, into which an electrical lead cable 22 is inserted. Electrical coupling of the electrical contact 12 in the socket is achieved by insertion of the pin 20 into the socket.
  • the pin 20 enters the socket by penetrating the membrane seals 8,9 through the apertures 10,11 which dislodges the valve ball 7 into a space 23 in the inner conduit 3, and by further penetration, the pin pushes through scraper rings 6.
  • Entrapped oil in front of the pin is driven through the conduit 3 into the enclosure 2, and hence through the open transfer valve 17 into the housing 1, via conduit 14, valve passage 40 and valve holes 41 and 42.
  • Oil from the housing then flows into region 34 of the annular chamber 33 via passages 36 and 37, which causes the diaphragm 24 to flex and thereby compensate for the increase in volume of the oil within the housing 1.
  • the tip of the pin 20 engages with the contact 12 to form the electrical coupling.
  • the rod end 19a, and thus the push rod 19 is pushed upwards by shoulders 25 of the plug body locating in recess 25a formed in the base of the socket.
  • Air contained in the chamber 16 is simultaneously displaced from the chamber into the enclosure via the conduit 15. By this action an air atmosphere is provided within the enclosure 2, which is substantially liquid-free.
  • the lifting frame 30 continues downward movement to operate a flip latch 26 in readiness for disconnection procedure.
  • the pin 20 is positively retained in the socket by the pressure differential between the interior of the enclosure 2 and the surrounding water pressure, and the oil from the enclosure 2 remains in the chamber 16.
  • the lifting frame 30 is lifted by lifting equipment, which raises the flip latch 26 and hence the push rod 27 which thus operates a pressure release valve 28, by lost motion between the housing and the socket body.
  • the pressure release valve seals another chamber 31 connected by conduit 29 into the enclosure 2 and containing clean oil.
  • the clean oil passes into the enclosure 2 and air in the enclosure compresses accordingly, to equalize the enclosed pressure to outside ambient pressure. Because the oil in the housing 1 is at the surrounding ambient water pressure, as the oil in the chamber 31 passes into the enclosure 2, oil from the housing passes through non-return poppet valve 42 in the bottom of the chamber 31 to re-fill the chamber 31.
  • a return spring may be provided in the conduit space 23 to return the valve ball 7 to its seating upon removal of the plug pin 20.
  • a different number of seals may be provided in the inlet conduit 3.
  • the membrane seal 8 may be omitted and/or only one O-ring seal may be provided at 5.
  • the connector in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, has been described with the socket located over the plug, the connector may be inverted, in which case the valve ball is formed from a material which is lighter than the oil or other liquid contained in the socket, so that it floats up within the oil into its valve seating.
  • a liquid other than oil may be used in the enclosure and inlet of the socket.
  • a gas other than air such as an inert gas, may be contained in the gas chamber.
  • two or more contacts could be arranged spaced along the pin of the plug and similarly within the socket.
  • additional plug and socket assemblies may be required.
  • the chamber for containing clean oil may be omitted so that during disconnection of the plug and socket, oil passes into the enclosure 2 directly from the housing 1.
  • alternative pressure-compensating means may be used instead of a diaphragm.
  • a cylinder and piston-type hydraulic compensating reservoir may be used.
  • alternative valve means such as a gravity-operated tapered plug valve, may be used to seal the end of the conduit 3 and also be operable by the plug pin.
  • Repetitive connection and disconnection of the plug and socket may be achieved by the socket being provided with a plurality of gas chambers and transfer valves.
  • optical fibre connections may be included within the electrical connector, in which case the liquid contained within the socket should be compatible with these connections.

Landscapes

  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)

Abstract

Un connecteur électrique permettant d'alimenter un équipement électrique qui est installé et utilisé sous l'eau comporte un logement (1) rempli d'un liquide et doté d'une boîte (2) renfermant également un liquide et présentant au moins un contact électrique (12). Une broche de fiche est introduite dans une valve (4) et dans la boîte (2) par une conduit (3) pour établir une liaison électrique avec le contact électrique (12). Après introduction de la fiche, un poussoir de soupape (19) actionne une valve (17) pour évacuer la quasi-totalité du liquide se trouvant dans la boîte (2) dans une chambre remplie de gaz (16), le gaz dans la chambre (16) étant alors envoyé dans la boîte (2) de façon que la liaison électrique dans la boîte (2) se fasse dans un environnement pratiquement dépourvu de liquide.

Claims (12)

  1. Connecteur électrique pour utilisation dans l'établissement de connexions électriques immergées comprenant une prise femelle électrique et comportant une enceinte (2) contenant un liquide et au moins un contact électrique (12) et une prise mâle électrique (20, 21) pour insertion dans ladite prise femelle afin de procurer un couplage électrique entre le ou chaque contact électrique (12) et la prise mâle (20, 21) et un moyen (14, 15, 17) pour vider ladite enceinte pratiquement de la totalité du liquide dans celle-ci (2) caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen (14, 15, 17) comprend un moyen de soupape (17) raccordant ladite enceinte (2) à une chambre remplie de gaz (16) maintenue à une pression au-dessous de la pression à l'intérieur de ladite enceinte (2), ledit moyen de soupape (17) étant actionnable par l'action de l'introduction de ladite prise mâle électrique (20, 21) afin de permettre l'écoulement de pratiquement la totalité du liquide à partir de ladite enceinte (2) dans ladite chambre (16) et l'écoulement du gaz à partir de ladite chambre (6) dans ladite enceinte (2).
  2. Connecteur électrique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel des moyens (24, 26, 27, 28) sont prévus pour équilibrer la pression de l'enceinte (2) à la pression ambiante afin de permettre la déconnexion de la prise femelle et de la prise mâle (20, 21).
  3. Connecteur électrique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la pression à l'intérieur de ladite chambre (16) est maintenue à la pression atmosphérique.
  4. Connecteur électrique selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel ledit liquide s'écoule à partir de ladite enceinte (2) dans ladite chambre (16) sous l'influence de la pesanteur.
  5. Connecteur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le moyen de soupape (17) est actionné au moyen d'une tige de poussée (19) qui est raccordée à une extrémité au moyen de soupape (17) et dont l'autre extrémité (19a) dépasse hors dudit connecteur.
  6. Connecteur électrique selon la revendication 5, dans lequel l'extrémité dépassante (19a) de la tige de poussée (19) est placée de sorte que juste avant la mise en prise finale ou positionnement de la prise mâle (20, 21) l'extrémité dépassante (19a) vient en contact avec le corps de la prise mâle (21) pour actionner le moyen de soupape (17).
  7. Connecteur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'enceinte (2) comporte un orifice d'entrée commandé (3) pour la prise mâle (20, 21) comprenant un conduit (3) s'ouvrant à une extrémité dans l'enceinte (2) et fermée de manière étanche à son autre extrémité par un autre moyen de soupape (4), l'autre moyen de soupape (4) étant actionnable par une broche (20) de la prise mâle (20, 21) pour permettre à la broche (20) d'être insérée dans l'enceinte (2) par l'intermédiaire du conduit (3).
  8. Connecteur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les composants de la prise femelle sont immergés dans le liquide contenu à l'intérieur d'un boîtier extérieur (1).
  9. Connecteur électrique selon la revendication 8, dans lequel la prise femelle comporte un moyen (28, 29) pour remplir l'enceinte (2) avec un liquide provenant de l'intérieur du boîtier (1) avant déconnexion de la prise femelle de la prise mâle (20, 21).
  10. Connecteur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit liquide est de l'huile.
  11. Connecteur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit gaz est un gaz inerte, tel que l'air.
  12. Connecteur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la prise mâle (20, 21) est prévue pour être montée sur le fond de la mer ou sur une structure immergée et ladite prise femelle est prévue pour être abaissée sur et montée à partir de la prise mâle (20, 21).
EP89904155A 1988-03-09 1989-03-09 Connecteurs electriques Expired - Lifetime EP0428515B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB888805601A GB8805601D0 (en) 1988-03-09 1988-03-09 Electrical connectors
GB8805601 1988-03-09
PCT/GB1989/000234 WO1989008934A1 (fr) 1988-03-09 1989-03-09 Connecteurs electriques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0428515A1 EP0428515A1 (fr) 1991-05-29
EP0428515B1 true EP0428515B1 (fr) 1994-10-12

Family

ID=10633122

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89904155A Expired - Lifetime EP0428515B1 (fr) 1988-03-09 1989-03-09 Connecteurs electriques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0428515B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE68918861D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB8805601D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989008934A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9918062D0 (en) 1999-07-30 1999-10-06 Alpha Thames Limited Electrical connectors

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1594125A (en) * 1978-05-23 1981-07-30 Ferranti Ltd Electric connectors
FR2529396A1 (fr) * 1982-06-24 1983-12-30 Souriau & Cie Connecteur electrique etanche utilisable en milieu liquide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8805601D0 (en) 1988-04-07
DE68918861D1 (de) 1994-11-17
EP0428515A1 (fr) 1991-05-29
WO1989008934A1 (fr) 1989-09-21

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