EP0426792A1 - Digital signal processor based agc. - Google Patents
Digital signal processor based agc.Info
- Publication number
- EP0426792A1 EP0426792A1 EP90906583A EP90906583A EP0426792A1 EP 0426792 A1 EP0426792 A1 EP 0426792A1 EP 90906583 A EP90906583 A EP 90906583A EP 90906583 A EP90906583 A EP 90906583A EP 0426792 A1 EP0426792 A1 EP 0426792A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adjusting
- gain
- signal processor
- value
- determining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
- H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
- H03G3/3089—Control of digital or coded signals
Definitions
- This invention pertains to automatic gain controls in general and more particularly to automatic gain controls that may be implemented by means of digital signal processors.
- Inputs to any system vary with time, input device, and other factors.
- Systems for processing voice signals must cope with signals that vary because of a variety of reasons including different human speakers, distances from the audio microphone, transient fluctuations in the transmission facility, etc.
- AGC automatic gai control
- Prior AGCs have experienced problems similar to the following: Some AGCs increase gain when no signal is present, thereby degradin the output signal in the presence of input noise. Some AGCs have poor attack and decay times, thereby taking too long to respond to increasing or decreasing signals.
- Some AGCs with fast attack times change gain during a message, thereby presenting audible level differences to the operator.
- Some AGCs use discrete components which change performance with time, temperature, and component variation, thereby decreasing performance
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- an object of the present invention to provide an improved AGC. It is a further object of the invention that such an improved AGC is particularly adaptable for implementation by a DSP. Accordingly, a digital signal processor based AGC is disclosed. According to the invention, an input signal is provided and at least one value is determined based on the energy of the signal. Thereafter, the desired signal gain is computed responsive to the energy value or values.
- One advantage of this AGC is that it may easily be implemented in digital format by means of a DSP.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram that shows a first embodiment of a digital signal processor based AGC, according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is an exemplary data flow diagram for the first embodiment.
- Fig. 3 is an exemplary flow diagram for the first embodiment.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram that shows a first embodiment of a digital signal processor based AGC, according to the invention.
- the input signal 1 is provided to a buffer 3 that delays the signal while a desired signal gain 5 is calculated.
- the delayed signal 7 is then presented to an adjustable gain device 9 that amplifies (or multiplies) the signal by the signal gain 5, thereby providing an output signal 11.
- the input signal 1 is also provided to an energy determining device 13 that determines (or calculates) at least one value 15 based on the energy of the input signal 1.
- the energy determining device 13 then provides this energy information 15 to a gain determining device 17.
- the gain determining device 17 determines (or calculates) the signal gain 5 based on the energy information 15.
- the gain determining device 17 then provides the signal gain 5 to the adjustable gain device 9.
- Fig. 2 is an exemplary data flow diagram for the first embodiment. As wil be seen, there are several processes, including buffer the audio input 3, calculate short average energy 21 , calculate long average energy 23, calculate gain 25, and determine message state 27.
- buffer the audio input 3 uses a circular buffer with a fixed length and fixed delay. As new samples are added, the oldest samples are removed for further processing. Because a finite time is required to determine when a new message has begun, the buffer allows the information about the audio in the buffer to be used to determine the gain of the audio sample being processed. As a result, the attack time on new messages is extremely fast. There are two processes related to calculating the average energy,
- Calculate short average energy 21 determines the average energy level of the input audio 1 over some predetermined short period of time. This can be done in any convenient method, such as averaging the magnitude of the input audio 1 over some predetermined short period of time, such as 10 ms.
- Calculate long average 23 uses the short averages 29 calculated by calculate short average 21 to determine a long average 31.
- the long average 31 is calculated by taking the running sum of the short averages 29 since the beginning of the message to the current time, and dividing by the number of short averages calculated in that time.
- Determine message state 27 determines the state of the audio input 1. This state can be any one of the following: beginning of a message, message in progress (or steady state), end of message, and no current signal (or noise). The beginning of a message is indicated when determine message state 27 detects that short average 33 exceeds a predetermined noise threshold, or when there has been a substantial change in the average energy. In both states, determine message state 27 sets message state 35 to beginning of message, indicating that the gain must be re-calculated. Once the long average 31 is stable, determine message state 27 sets message state 35 to message in progress. To detect a substantial change in the average input level, there must be multiple short averages 33 that are significantly different from the current long average 31 within a predetermined time period. As a result, bursts of noise and pauses between words do not falsely trigger a gain re-calculation.
- determine message state 27 compares the current short average 33 to the long average 31. If a majority of short averages are not within a predetermined window around the long average (the "window" being defined by a predetermined high threshold, a predetermined low threshold, and the long average 31 ), determine message state 27 activates reset long average 37 and sets message state 35 to beginning of message, thus indicating the beginning of a new message.
- Process controller 39 detects that reset long average 37 is active and resets calculate long average 23.
- Determine message state 27 detects the end of a message by comparin the short average 33 to a predetermined threshold. When N (such as 30) short averages out of M (such as 50) are less than the threshold, determine message state 27 activates activity mute 41 and sets message state 35 to end of message. Process controller 39, in turn, detects that activity mute 41 is active and, in response, resets calculate long average 23.
- N such as 30
- M such as 50
- determine message state 27 detects the state of the audio inpu 1 based on the short average 33, it can mute the audio output 11 when no vali signal is present, thereby assuring that the input 1 is not amplified when there is no valid signal present.
- Calculate gain 25 determines the new signal gain 5 based on the current message state 35 and the average energy. When message state 35 indicates end of message, no valid signal present (or noise), gain 5 is set to zero. Otherwise, calculate gain 25 calculates gain 5 based on the quotient of a desired output level and the average energy.
- the average energy is determined as follows: when message state 35 indicates beginning of message, the average energy is set to the*$hort average 45; when message state 35 indicates message in progress (or steady state), the average energy is set to the long average 47.
- Fig. 3 there is shown an exemplary flow diagram for the first embodiment. Referring still to Fig. 3, the process starts at step 101 , and then proceeds to procure an input audio sample ("X"), step 103.
- X input audio sample
- step 105 calculates a short-term average value ("S").
- S a short-term average value
- This can be performed by any convenient method such as. for example, by averaging the absolute value of X over a predetermined short- term time interval such as, for example, 10 ms.
- step 107 calculates a long-term average value ("L"). This can be performed by any convenient method such as. for example, by averaging the absolute value of X over a predetermined long- term time interval such as, for example, 10 ms plus the time elapsed since a predetermined event such as, for example, the event of resetting L (see below).
- L long-term average value
- the process now proceeds to step 109, where it determines whether a predetermined noise threshold exceeds S. If the answer here is affirmative, then there is no valid message present (or noise is present), and the process proceeds to step 111 , where the gain is set to zero. The process then returns (step 131 ) to step 101.
- step 115 determines whether S is substantially much greater than L, step 115. If the answer here is affirmative, then the message is dramatically increasing or there is a beginning of a message, and the process proceeds to step 117.
- the present value of L is set to equal the present value of S. This is defined as "resetting L.”
- the process next proceeds to step 119, where the gain is set to the quotient of a desired output level and S. The process then returns (step 131) to step 101.
- step 115 determines whether S is substantially much less than L, step 123. If the answer here is affirmative, then the message is dramatically decreasing o there is an end of message, and the process proceeds to step 1 17 (described above), where L is reset to equal S. Next the gain is set to the quotient of a desired output level and S, step 119. The process then returns (step 131 ) to step 101.
- step 123 If the answer to determination step 123 is negative, however, then there is a message in progress (or the message is steady state), and the process proceeds to step 125.
- the gain is set to the quotient of a desired output level and L
- the process next returns (step 131 ) to step 101.
- DSP Digital Signal processor
- One DSP that is suitable for this purpose is the Motorola 56000 DSP unit, which may be suitably programmed in accordance with the associated user manual #DSP56000UM/AD. Both of these items are available from Motorola, Inc., 1301 East Algonquin Road, Schaumburg, Illinois 60196.
Landscapes
- Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/344,321 US5016205A (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1989-04-27 | Digital signal processor based AGC |
PCT/US1990/002103 WO1990013174A1 (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1990-04-19 | Digital signal processor based agc |
US344321 | 1994-11-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0426792A1 true EP0426792A1 (en) | 1991-05-15 |
EP0426792A4 EP0426792A4 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
EP0426792B1 EP0426792B1 (en) | 1995-07-26 |
Family
ID=23350028
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90906583A Expired - Lifetime EP0426792B1 (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1990-04-19 | Digital signal processor based agc |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5016205A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0426792B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2626673B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR950000081B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE125655T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU619679B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2032150C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69021168T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0426792T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2075205T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3017373T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990013174A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5241689A (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1993-08-31 | Ericsson Ge Mobile Communications Inc. | Digital signal processor audio compression in an RF base station system |
US5124673A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1992-06-23 | The Grass Valley Group, Inc. | Level independent automatic cable equalizer |
JP2947990B2 (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1999-09-13 | キヤノン株式会社 | Gain control apparatus and method |
US5267322A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-11-30 | Digital Sound Corporation | Digital automatic gain control with lookahead, adaptive noise floor sensing, and decay boost initialization |
JP3154427B2 (en) * | 1992-03-16 | 2001-04-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | Equalizer |
US5329243A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1994-07-12 | Motorola, Inc. | Noise adaptive automatic gain control circuit |
GB9513419D0 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1995-09-06 | Philips Electronics Uk Ltd | Audio signal reproduction apparatus |
US5694436A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-12-02 | Chaw Khong Co., Ltd. | Gain control system for handling periodic noises |
JPH09152894A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-10 | Denso Corp | Sound and silence discriminator |
US5841385A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-11-24 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | System and method for performing combined digital/analog automatic gain control for improved clipping suppression |
US5838269A (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-11-17 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | System and method for performing automatic gain control with gain scheduling and adjustment at zero crossings for reducing distortion |
EP0845921A1 (en) * | 1996-10-23 | 1998-06-03 | Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH | Method and circuit for regulating the volume in digital hearing aids |
DE19948172B4 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2009-05-20 | Harman Becker Automotive Systems Gmbh | Modulation control in a signal processing unit |
NO995609L (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-16 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | AGC system |
US6704353B1 (en) * | 1999-11-29 | 2004-03-09 | Cyntrust Communications, Inc. | Method and apparatus for tracking the magnitude of channel induced distortion to a transmitted signal |
US6775337B2 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2004-08-10 | M/A-Com Private Radio Systems, Inc. | Digital automatic gain control with feedback induced noise suppression |
DE10208415B4 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2006-03-16 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Sunnyvale | Gain control in WLAN devices |
US7822349B2 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2010-10-26 | Inncom International, Inc. | Digital iterative gain control |
US20040228472A1 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-11-18 | Mohamed El-Hennawey | Method and apparatus for controlling the transmit level of telephone terminal equipment |
US8218092B1 (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2012-07-10 | Csr Technology Inc. | Apparatus for receiving both analog and digital TV signals |
US9401685B2 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2016-07-26 | Apple Inc. | Systems and methods for adjusting automatic gain control |
CN114915275A (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-16 | 祖玛视频通讯公司 | Two-stage digital automatic gain control |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5139095B2 (en) * | 1971-09-06 | 1976-10-26 | ||
JPS5061210A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-05-26 | ||
JPS5820018A (en) * | 1981-07-30 | 1983-02-05 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | Agc circuit |
US4623934A (en) * | 1983-11-16 | 1986-11-18 | Rockwell International Corporation | AGC update apparatus and method of using same |
US4631489A (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1986-12-23 | Motorola, Inc. | FM signal magnitude quantizer and demodulator compatible with digital signal processing |
US4747065A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1988-05-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic gain control in a digital signal processor |
DK163699C (en) * | 1986-02-11 | 1992-08-17 | Poul Richter Joergensen | PROCEDURE FOR AUTOMATIC AMPLIFIER CONTROL OF A SIGNAL AND A CIRCUIT FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE |
EP0239293A3 (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1988-12-14 | Gpt Limited | Data transmission systems |
US4785418A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-11-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Proportional automatic gain control |
-
1989
- 1989-04-27 US US07/344,321 patent/US5016205A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-04-19 CA CA002032150A patent/CA2032150C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-19 ES ES90906583T patent/ES2075205T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-19 AU AU54407/90A patent/AU619679B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-04-19 JP JP2506226A patent/JP2626673B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-19 WO PCT/US1990/002103 patent/WO1990013174A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-04-19 AT AT90906583T patent/ATE125655T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-19 EP EP90906583A patent/EP0426792B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-19 DE DE69021168T patent/DE69021168T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-19 DK DK90906583.1T patent/DK0426792T3/en active
- 1990-04-19 KR KR1019900702641A patent/KR950000081B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-09-13 GR GR950402490T patent/GR3017373T3/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9013174A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2032150C (en) | 1994-02-01 |
KR920700492A (en) | 1992-02-19 |
KR950000081B1 (en) | 1995-01-09 |
DE69021168D1 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
ES2075205T3 (en) | 1995-10-01 |
DK0426792T3 (en) | 1995-09-11 |
US5016205A (en) | 1991-05-14 |
CA2032150A1 (en) | 1990-10-28 |
AU5440790A (en) | 1990-11-16 |
WO1990013174A1 (en) | 1990-11-01 |
JP2626673B2 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
DE69021168T2 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
GR3017373T3 (en) | 1995-12-31 |
ATE125655T1 (en) | 1995-08-15 |
AU619679B2 (en) | 1992-01-30 |
EP0426792B1 (en) | 1995-07-26 |
EP0426792A4 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
JPH03502278A (en) | 1991-05-23 |
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