EP0415184B1 - Method and device for the continuous production of moulded elements from inorganically bonded materials - Google Patents
Method and device for the continuous production of moulded elements from inorganically bonded materials Download PDFInfo
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- EP0415184B1 EP0415184B1 EP90115654A EP90115654A EP0415184B1 EP 0415184 B1 EP0415184 B1 EP 0415184B1 EP 90115654 A EP90115654 A EP 90115654A EP 90115654 A EP90115654 A EP 90115654A EP 0415184 B1 EP0415184 B1 EP 0415184B1
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- strand
- density
- thickness
- compression unit
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
- B28B1/526—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement by delivering the materials on a conveyor of the endless-belt type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
- B28B5/02—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
- B28B5/026—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length
- B28B5/027—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length the moulding surfaces being of the indefinite length type, e.g. belts, and being continuously fed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and device for the continuous production of moldings from inorganically bound materials according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 2.
- Such a method is known from DE-OS 34 41 839.
- the continuous production of shaped bodies from inorganic materials described therein presupposes the presence of a high-pressure compression unit and a calibration device immediately following this.
- the calibration device connects to the high-pressure compression unit without a transition.
- This measure requires a special construction. It is not possible to use available continuous high-pressure presses for overcompression, since the dimensions of the available high-pressure presses do not allow the strand of material to be passed directly into a calibration device. This is e.g. due to the required return of the pole carpet or roller chains (Siempelkamp-Contiroll, Wegrs-Contipress), for which sufficient space is required.
- the method known from DE-OS 34 41 839 is therefore not suitable for available continuous high-pressure presses and always requires a special device. This is disadvantageous because it involves high costs.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device in which the calibration device can be used without active pressure application, even in the case of an unpressurized transition zone between the high compression and the calibration device.
- a recompression unit is immediately connected upstream of the calibration device, in which the strand of material springing back in the transition zone is compressed again to its target thickness / target density or below / above it.
- a renewed active pressure action to re-compress the strand of material at the beginning of the calibration phase makes it possible to increase the desired relaxation of the restoring forces within the strand of material. For this re-compression of the strand of material, a considerably lower compression pressure is required than in the high-pressure compression unit.
- Arranging the recompression unit directly in front of the calibration device ensures that the relaxation behavior of the previously highly compacted strand of material is used, but the effort required to produce high preform densities would have to be operated so that the strand of material does not spring back over the desired thickness during the transfer phase. If the strand of material is compressed again above its target density or below its target thickness during the recompaction, its restoring forces are further reduced. As a result, the calibration pressure to be applied in the calibration device without active pressure action is lower than without a second over-compression. In accordance with the relaxation behavior of the material strand, the duration of pressure exposure within the high-pressure device and thus its length and costs can be further reduced by a second over-compression without the required calibration pressure increasing significantly.
- the application of a line pressure is also sufficient in the high pressure zone. If the advantage of an unpressurized transfer zone is used without the need for recompaction, the strand of material would have to be significantly over-compressed. This is not possible using available continuous high-pressure presses, or would be impossible per se with high nominal bulk densities of the material, because the molding cannot be compressed beyond its pure density.
- the recompression unit applies line pressure to the strand of material.
- a line pressure e.g. by means of rollers of relatively large diameter, is particularly easy to implement, and the costs of such a printing device are significantly lower compared to a device which applies surface pressure.
- the compression pressure of the recompression unit is considerably lower than that of the high-pressure compression unit.
- Another measure which is advantageous according to the invention is that by separating the high-pressure compression unit and the recompression unit with the calibration device, each of these two devices can have different speeds. It is important that the calibration device with the recompression unit can have a higher speed than the high-pressure compression unit at the beginning of the pressing process.
- the high pressure compression of the strand of material lengthens it. If the high-pressure compression unit is arranged directly upstream of the calibration device, both presses run at the same speed and there is a risk of the strand of material being warped in the calibration device. If the units work independently of one another, the individual press speeds can easily be adapted to the change in the length of the material strand.
- the device shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a spreading unit 1, a high-pressure compression press 2, a recompression unit 3 and a calibration press 4.
- the pressure-free zone 5 lies between the high-pressure compression press 2 and the recompression unit 3.
- the recompression unit 3 has two rollers 6, which act on the molding with a line pressure. The manufacturing process is described below using an example:
- the fleece scattered on the conveyor belts from the spreading unit 1 first passes through the high-pressure press 2. This presses the material strand with a surface pressure.
- the molding remains in the high-pressure press 2 for about 10 seconds and is compressed to about 14.6 mm at a predetermined target thickness of 16 mm. This high pressure compression takes place with a specific pressure of 5 N / mm2. Then, after leaving the high-pressure press 2, the molding passes through the pressure-free zone 5.
- the pressure-free time is approximately 25 seconds and the length of the pressure-free zone 5 is approximately 5 m.
- the springback of the molding starts immediately after leaving the high-pressure press 2. At the end of the pressure-free zone 5 and when it enters the recompression unit 3, the molded article springs back to approximately 21.5 mm.
- a line pressure is applied to the molding in the recompression unit 3, which pressure is applied by the rollers 6.
- a pressure of about 0.5 N / mm2 is required to achieve the compaction to the target thickness (16mm).
- the molding recompressed to its target thickness now runs into the calibration press 4. In the example described above, the molding was not over-compressed in the second pressing section (re-compression unit), but was re-compressed to its target thickness of 16 mm.
- Fig. 2 the time course of the pressure to be applied in the device is shown schematically.
- a comparison of curves 1 and 2 shows that in the case of over-compression of the molding in high-pressure compression unit 2, the pressure to be applied by recompression unit 3 is about half the pressure without over-compression. This means that the restoring forces in the molding can be reduced by about 50% due to the over-compression.
- the calibration pressure to be applied in the calibration device 4 without the action of pressure is also reduced to about half compared to the example without over-compression (curve 2).
- curve 3 the pressure curve is schematically shown when the material strand is subjected to a line pressure in the high-pressure compression unit 2 and an over-compression of the material strand in the re-compression unit 3 also by means of line pressure.
- the corresponding course of the molding thickness is shown schematically in FIG. 3, curve 3.
- Fig. 4 shows the position of the chips / fibers in the molding in various stages of the manufacturing process.
- the chips are in a disordered state (I).
- the high-pressure compression unit 1 they are ordered by the compression of the material and brought into an essentially parallel position to the plate plane (II).
- the molding relaxes and the chips assume a partially ordered position (III). Due to the recompression 3, the chips are finally brought into their position parallel to the plate plane (IV), and this position is then fixed in the subsequent calibration press 4 (V).
- This position of the chips (over the entire cross-section of the plate) enables the plates produced in this way to have maximum bending strength.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und Einrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Formkörpern aus anorganisch gebundenen Werkstoffen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 bzw. des Anspruches 2.The invention relates to a method and device for the continuous production of moldings from inorganically bound materials according to the preamble of
Ein solches Verfahren ist aus der DE-OS 34 41 839 bekannt. Die darin beschriebene kontinuierliche Herstellung von Formkörpern aus anorganisch gebundenen Werkstoffen setzt das Vorhandensein einer Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit und einer unmittelbar auf diese folgenden Kalibriervorrichtung voraus. Die Kalibriervorrichtung schließt ohne Übergang an die Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit an. Diese Maßnahme erfordert eine Spezialkonstruktion. Der Einsatz von verfügbaren kontinuierlichen Hochdruckpressen zur Überverdichtung ist nicht möglich, da die Abmessungen der verfügbaren Hochdruckpressen es nicht erlauben, den Werkstoffstrang unmittelbar in eine Kalibriervorrichtung übertreten zu lassen. Dies ist z.B. durch die erforderliche Rückführung des Stangenteppiches bzw. der Rollenketten (Siempelkamp-Contiroll, Küsters-Contipress), wofür ausreichend Platz erforderlich ist, bedingt. Das aus der DE-OS 34 41 839 bekannte Verfahren eignet sich demnach nicht für verfügbare kontinuierliche Hochdruckpressen und erfordert immer eine spezielle Vorrichtung. Dies ist nachteilig, da damit hohe Kosten verbunden sind.Such a method is known from DE-OS 34 41 839. The continuous production of shaped bodies from inorganic materials described therein presupposes the presence of a high-pressure compression unit and a calibration device immediately following this. The calibration device connects to the high-pressure compression unit without a transition. This measure requires a special construction. It is not possible to use available continuous high-pressure presses for overcompression, since the dimensions of the available high-pressure presses do not allow the strand of material to be passed directly into a calibration device. This is e.g. due to the required return of the pole carpet or roller chains (Siempelkamp-Contiroll, Küsters-Contipress), for which sufficient space is required. The method known from DE-OS 34 41 839 is therefore not suitable for available continuous high-pressure presses and always requires a special device. This is disadvantageous because it involves high costs.
Erheblich preisgünstiger und einfacher ist es, vorhandene Pressen einzusetzen. Der Einsatz vorhandener Pressen erfordert aber, wie bereits oben erläutert, eine drucklose Zone zwischen der Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit und der Kalibriervorrichtung. Durchläuft der vorher unter seine Solldicke und über seine Solldichte verdichtete Werkstoffstrang diese drucklose Zone, so federt er innerhalb dieser Zone zurück und kann ohne aktive Druckeinwirkung nicht in die Kalibriervorrichtung überführt werden. Nachteilig ist, daß damit die vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Einrichtung, nämlich der Einsatz der relativ langen Kalibriervorrichtung ohne aktiven Druck verloren geht. Die Kosten solcher Anlagen steigen, und die Wirtschaftlichkeit ihres Einsatzes bei der Werkstoffherstellung sinkt.It is considerably cheaper and easier to use existing presses. However, as already explained above, the use of existing presses requires a pressure-free zone between the high-pressure compression unit and the calibration device. If the strand of material previously compacted below its nominal thickness and above its nominal density passes through this pressure-free zone, it springs within back to this zone and cannot be transferred to the calibration device without active pressure. It is disadvantageous that the advantageous configuration of the device, namely the use of the relatively long calibration device without active pressure, is lost. The cost of such systems increases, and the cost-effectiveness of their use in material production falls.
Ein Problem bei der kontinuierlichen Herstellung anorganisch gebundener Span- und insbesondere Faserplatten, vor allem bei hoher Plattensolldichte, besteht weiterhin darin, daß die im Vlies enthaltene Luft in der Verdichtungseinheit komprimiert wird. Wenn der Formling während der gesamten (aktiven oder passiven) Druckeinwirkungsdauer beidseitig von Formungs- und Transportbändern abgedeckt wird, kann diese komprimierte Luft nur über dessen Schmalflächen entweichen. Dies ist in der Praxis nicht ausreichend. Es resultieren Spalter der Platten nach Verlassen der Presse aufgrund der eingeschlossenen Luft. Diese Zusammenhänge sind nachteilig.A problem with the continuous production of inorganically bound chipboard and in particular fiberboard, especially with a high nominal board density, is that the air contained in the fleece is compressed in the compression unit. If the molding is covered on both sides by forming and transport belts during the entire (active or passive) pressure exposure, this compressed air can only escape through its narrow surfaces. In practice, this is not sufficient. Splitting of the plates results after leaving the press due to the trapped air. These relationships are disadvantageous.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung anzugeben, bei dem bzw. bei der auch bei einer drucklosen Übergangszone zwischen der Hochverdichtungs- und der Kalibriervorrichtung die Kalibriervorrichtung ohne aktive Druckanwendung eingesetzt werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device in which the calibration device can be used without active pressure application, even in the case of an unpressurized transition zone between the high compression and the calibration device.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist in den kennzeichnenden Teilen des Anspruches 1 und des Anspruches 2 angegeben. Die Unteransprüche stellen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen dar.The solution to this problem is specified in the characterizing parts of
Der Kalibriervorrichtung ist unmittelbar eine Wiederverdichtungseinheit vorgeschaltet, in der der in der Übergangszone zurückgefederte Werkstoffstrang auf seine Solldicke/Solldichte bzw. darunter/darüber wieder verdichtet wird. Eine erneute aktive Druckeinwirkung zur Wiederverdichtung des Werkstoffstranges zu Beginn der Kalibrierungsphase ermöglicht es, die gewünschte Relaxion der Rückstellkräfte innerhalb des Werkstoffstranges zu verstärken. Zu dieser Wiederverdichtung des Werkstoffstranges ist ein erheblich geringerer Preßdruck erforderlich als in der Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit. Durch das Anordnen der Wiederverdichtungseinheit unmittelbar vor der Kalibriervorrichtung wird erreicht, daß das Relaxationsverhalten des zuvor hochverdichteten Werkstoffstranges genutzt, der Aufwand aber, der zur Erzeugung hoher Formlingsrohdichten betrieben werden müßte, damit der Werkstoffstrang während der Übergabephase nicht über die angestrebte Dicke rückfedert, minimiert wird. Wird bei der Wiederverdichtung der Werkstoffstrang erneut über seine Solldichte bzw. unter seine Solldicke komprimiert, so werden dessen Rückstellkräfte weiter verringert. Hierdurch ist der in der Kalibriervorrichtung ohne aktive Druckeinwirkung aufzubringende Kalibrierdruck niedriger als ohne zweite Überverdichtung. Entsprechend dem Relaxationsverhalten des Werkstoffstranges können durch eine zweite Überverdichtung die Druckeinwirkungsdauer innerhalb der Hochdruckeinrichtung und damit deren Länge und Kosten weiter verringert werden, ohne daß der erforderliche Kalibrierdruck wesentlich steigt. Durch eine erfindungsgemäße zweite Überverdichtung ist damit auch in der Hochdruckzone das Aufbringen quasi eines Liniendruckes ausreichend. Sollte man den Vorteil einer drucklosen Übergabezone nutzen, ohne daß eine Wiederverdichtung erforderlich wäre, so müßte der Werkstoffstrang wesentlich stärker überverdichtet werden. Dies ist mittels verfügbarer kontinuierlichen Hochdruckpressen nicht möglich bzw. wäre bei hohen Sollrohdichten des Werkstoffes an sich unmöglich, weil der Formling nicht über seine Reindichte hinaus verdichtet werden kann.A recompression unit is immediately connected upstream of the calibration device, in which the strand of material springing back in the transition zone is compressed again to its target thickness / target density or below / above it. A renewed active pressure action to re-compress the strand of material at the beginning of the calibration phase makes it possible to increase the desired relaxation of the restoring forces within the strand of material. For this re-compression of the strand of material, a considerably lower compression pressure is required than in the high-pressure compression unit. Arranging the recompression unit directly in front of the calibration device ensures that the relaxation behavior of the previously highly compacted strand of material is used, but the effort required to produce high preform densities would have to be operated so that the strand of material does not spring back over the desired thickness during the transfer phase. If the strand of material is compressed again above its target density or below its target thickness during the recompaction, its restoring forces are further reduced. As a result, the calibration pressure to be applied in the calibration device without active pressure action is lower than without a second over-compression. In accordance with the relaxation behavior of the material strand, the duration of pressure exposure within the high-pressure device and thus its length and costs can be further reduced by a second over-compression without the required calibration pressure increasing significantly. By means of a second over-compression according to the invention, the application of a line pressure is also sufficient in the high pressure zone. If the advantage of an unpressurized transfer zone is used without the need for recompaction, the strand of material would have to be significantly over-compressed. This is not possible using available continuous high-pressure presses, or would be impossible per se with high nominal bulk densities of the material, because the molding cannot be compressed beyond its pure density.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Wiederverdichtungseinheit den Werkstoffstrang mit einem Liniendruck beaufschlagt. Eine Beaufschlagung mit einem Liniendruck, z.B. mittels Walzen relativ großen Durchmessers, ist besonders einfach zu realisieren, und die Kosten einer derartigen Druckeinrichtung sind gegenüber einer Einrichtung, die einen Flächendruck aufbringt, wesentlich niedriger.According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the recompression unit applies line pressure to the strand of material. A line pressure, e.g. by means of rollers of relatively large diameter, is particularly easy to implement, and the costs of such a printing device are significantly lower compared to a device which applies surface pressure.
Gemäß dem Lösungsvorschlag nach dem Unteranspruch 4 ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Wiederverdichtungseinheit und die Kalibriervorrichtung durch ein gemeinsames Preßband umschlossen werden. Dieses die Wiederverdichtungseinheit und die Kalibriervorrichtung umschließende Preßband verhindert den in der drucklosen Übergangszone eintretenden Effekt der Entweichung der Luft über die Formlingsoberfläche nicht.According to the proposed solution according to
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteihaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ist der Preßdruck der Wiederverdichtungseinheit erheblich niedriger als derjenige der Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit. Mit dem Preßdruck der Wiederverdichtungseinheit muß nur die Rückfederung des bereits hochverdichteten Werkstoffstranges überwunden werden. Der erforderliche Preßdruck der Wiederverdichtungseinheit ist um so geringer, je höher die Hochverdichtung war.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the compression pressure of the recompression unit is considerably lower than that of the high-pressure compression unit. With the compression pressure of the recompression unit, only the springback of the already highly compressed must Material strand to be overcome. The higher the high compression, the lower the required compression pressure of the recompression unit.
Eine weitere erfindungsgemäß vorteilhafte Maßnahme liegt darin, daß durch die Trennung der Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit und der Wiederverdichtungseinheit mit der Kalibriervorrichtung jede dieser beiden Einrichtungen verschiedene Geschwindigkeiten aufweisen kann. Wichtig ist dabei, daß die Kalibriervorrichtung mit der Wiederverdichtungseinheit eine höhere Geschwindigkeit aufweisen kann als die Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit am Anfang des Preßprozesses. Durch die Hochdruckverdichtung des Werkstoffstranges längt sich dieser. Ist die Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit unmittelbar der Kalibriervorrichtung vorgeordnet, so laufen beide Pressen mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit und es besteht die Gefahr einer Verwerfung des Werkstoffstranges in der Kalibriervorrichtung. Arbeiten die Einheiten unabhängig voneinander, so ist die Anpassung der einzelnen Pressengeschwindigkeiten an die Veränderung der Länge des Werkstoffstranges ohne weiteres möglich.Another measure which is advantageous according to the invention is that by separating the high-pressure compression unit and the recompression unit with the calibration device, each of these two devices can have different speeds. It is important that the calibration device with the recompression unit can have a higher speed than the high-pressure compression unit at the beginning of the pressing process. The high pressure compression of the strand of material lengthens it. If the high-pressure compression unit is arranged directly upstream of the calibration device, both presses run at the same speed and there is a risk of the strand of material being warped in the calibration device. If the units work independently of one another, the individual press speeds can easily be adapted to the change in the length of the material strand.
In den Zeichnungen ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung dargestellt.In the drawings, an embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Einrichtung;
- Fig. 2
- den zeitlichen Ablauf des Druckes in der Einrichtung ohne Überverdichtung des Formlings in der Hochdruckeinrichtung (Kurve 1), mit Überverdichtung des Formlings in der Hochdruckeinrichtung (Kurve 2) und mit kurzfristiger Überverdichtung des Formlings sowohl in der Hochdruck- als auch in der Wiederverdichtungseinrichtung (Kurve 3);
- Fig. 3
- den zeitlichen Ablauf der Formlingsdicke ohne Überverdichtung des Formlings in der Hochdruckphase (Kurve 1), mit Überverdichtung des Formlings in der Hochdruckeinrichtung (Kurve 2) sowie mit kurzfristiger Überverdichtung des Formlings sowohl in der Hochdruck- als auch in der Wiederverdichtungseinrichtung (Kurve 3);
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung der Lage der Späne/Fasern im Verlauf des Herstellungsprozesses.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a device;
- Fig. 2
- the time course of the pressure in the device without over-compression of the molding in the high-pressure device (curve 1), with over-compression of the molding in the high-pressure device (curve 2) and with short-term over-compression of the molding in both the high-pressure and the recompression device (curve 3 );
- Fig. 3
- the progression of the molding thickness over time without over-compression of the molding in the high-pressure phase (curve 1), with over-compression of the molding in the high-pressure device (curve 2) and with short-term over-compression of the molding in both the high-pressure and the recompression device (curve 3);
- Fig. 4
- a schematic representation of the position of the chips / fibers in the course of the manufacturing process.
Die schematisch in Fig. 1 dargestellte Einrichtung weist ein Streuaggregat 1, eine Hochdruckverdichtungspresse 2, eine Wiederverdichtungseinheit 3 und eine Kalibrierpresse 4 auf. Zwischen der Hochdruckverdichtungspresse 2 und der Wiederverdichtungseinheit 3 liegt die druckfreie Zone 5. Die Wiederverdichtungseinheit 3 weist zwei Walzen 6 auf, die den Formling mit einem Liniendruck beaufschlagen. Anhand eines Beispieles wird nachfolgend der Herstellungsprozeß beschrieben:The device shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a spreading
Das auf die Transportbänder aus dem Streuaggregat 1 gestreute Vlies durchläuft zunächst die Hochdruckpresse 2. Diese beaufschlagt den Werkstoffstrang mit einem Flächendruck. Der Formling verbleibt etwa 10 sec in der Hochdruckpresse 2 und wird dabei auf etwa 14,6mm bei einer vorgegebenen Solldicke von 16mm zusammengedrückt. Diese Hochdruckverdichtung erfolgt mit einem spezifischen Preßdruck von 5 N/mm². Anschließend, nach dem Verlassen der Hochdruckpresse 2, durchläuft der Formling die druckfreie Zone 5. Die druckfreie Zeit beträgt etwa 25 sec und die Länge der druckfreien Zone 5 ca. 5m. Die Rückfederung des Formlings setzt unmittelbar nach dem Verlassen der Hochdruckpresse 2 ein. Am Ende der druckfreien Zone 5 und beim Einlauf in die Wiederverdichtungseinheit 3 ist der Formling auf etwa 21,5mm zurückgefedert. In der Wiederverdichtungseinheit 3 wird der Formling mit einem Liniendruck beaufschlagt, welcher durch die Walzen 6 aufgebracht wird. Um das Verdichten auf Solldicke (16mm) zu erreichen, ist ein Druck von etwa 0,5 N/mm² erforderlich. Der auf seine Solldicke wiederverdichtete Formling läuft jetzt in die Kalibrierpresse 4 ein. In dem oben beschriebenen Beispiel wurde der Formling im zweiten Preßabschnitt (Wiederverdichtungseinheit) nicht überverdichtet, sondern auf seine Solldicke von 16mm wiederverdichtet.The fleece scattered on the conveyor belts from the spreading
In der Fig. 2 ist schematisiert der zeitliche Verlauf des aufzubringenden Preßdruckes in der Einrichtung dargestellt. Ein Vergleich der Kurven 1 und 2 zeigt, daß im Falle der Überverdichtung des Formlings in der Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit 2 der durch die Wiederverdichtungseinheit 3 notwendige, aufzubringende Druck etwa die Hälfte des Druckes ohne Überverdichtung beträgt. Dies bedeutet, daß die Rückstellkräfte im Formling durch die Überverdichtung um etwa 50% reduziert werden können. Der in der Kalibriervorrichtung 4 ohne aktive Druckeinwirkung aufzubringende Kalibrierdruck verringert sich gegenüber dem Beispiel ohne Überverdichtung ebenfalls auf etwa die Hälfte (Kurve 2).In Fig. 2 the time course of the pressure to be applied in the device is shown schematically. A comparison of
In den oben angegebenen Beispielen federt der Formling nach einer Überverdichtung mit einem spezifischen Druck von 5 N/mm², der etwa dem maximal mit verfügbaren kontinuierlichen Hochdruckpressen erreichbaren Druck entspricht, um mehr als ein Drittel über die gewünschte Solldicke zurück (Fig. 3, Kurve 2). Eine Wiederverdichtung vor Eintritt in die ohne aktive Druckanwendung arbeitende Kalibriereinrichtung 4 ist deshalb erforderlich.In the examples given above, the molding springs back after over-compression with a specific pressure of 5 N / mm², which corresponds approximately to the maximum pressure that can be achieved with available continuous high-pressure presses, by more than a third above the desired target thickness (FIG. 3, curve 2 ). A recompression before entry into the
In Fig. 2, Kurve 3 ist schematisiert der Druckverlauf bei einer Beaufschlagung des Werkstoffstranges mit einem Liniendruck in der Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit 2 und einer Überverdichtung des Werkstoffstranges in der Wiederverdichtungseinheit 3 auch mittels Liniendruckes dargestellt. Der entsprechende Verlauf der Formlingsdicke ist schematisiert in Fig. 3, Kurve 3 dargestellt.In Fig. 2,
Fig. 4 zeigt die Lage der Späne/Fasern im Formling in verschiedenen Stadien des Herstellungsproezesses. Nach dem Streuvorgang befinden sich die Späne in einem ungeordneten Zustand (I). In der Hochdruckverdichtungseinheit 1 werden sie durch die Verdichtung des Materials geordnet und in eine im wesentlichen parallele Lage zur Plattenebene gebracht (II). Während des Durchlaufes der druckfreien Zone 5 relaxiert der Formling, und die Späne nehmen eine zum Teil geordnete Position ein (III). Durch die Wiederverdichtung 3 werden die Späne entgültig in ihre zur Plattenebene parallele Lage gebracht (IV), und diese Lage wird dann in der anschließenden Kalibrierpresse 4 fixiert (V). Durch diese Lage der Späne (und zwar über den gesamten Querschnitt der Platte) erreichen die so hergestellten Platten eine maximale Biegefestigkeit.Fig. 4 shows the position of the chips / fibers in the molding in various stages of the manufacturing process. After the spreading process, the chips are in a disordered state (I). In the high-
Claims (6)
- Method for the continuous manufacture of moulded articles from inorganically bonded materials, in particular chipboard or fibreboard, in which a strand of material is compressed in a high-pressure compression unit at such a high pressure that its thickness falls below the nominal thickness of the finished strand of material and its density exceeds the nominal density thereof, and in which there is no active application of pressure in the calibrating device which follows this compression unit, characterised in that the strand of material after leaving the high-pressure compression unit (2) passes through a pressureless zone (5) and, subsequently to the latter and immediately before entering the calibrating device (4), is compressed to such an extent that either the spring-back which has occurred during passage through the pressureless zone (5) is completely eliminated and the density of the strand of material exceeds the nominal density of the finished strand of material and the thickness falls below the nominal thickness thereof on entering the calibrating device (4), or the spring-back is eliminated only to such an extent that the thickness of the strand of material corresponds to the nominal thickness and the density of the strand of material corresponds to the nominal density of the finished strand of material.
- Apparatus for the continuous manufacture of moulded articles from inorganically bonded materials, in particular chipboard and fibreboard, with a high-pressure compression unit in which the strand of material is compressed at high pressure and a calibrating device following the high-pressure compression unit and operating without active application of pressure to the strand of material, characterised in that between the high-pressure compression unit (2) and the calibrating device (4) is arranged a transition zone (5) without the action of pressure on the strand of material, and immediately in front of the calibrating device (4) is a recompression unit (3) which acts on the strand of material with an active pressure.
- Apparatus according to claim 2, characterised in that the recompression unit (3) acts on the strand of material with a linear pressure.
- Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that in the event of action on the strand of material in the recompression unit (3) at such a high pressure that the strand of material is compressed to below its nominal thickness and above its nominal density, the pressure action in the high-pressure compression unit (2) is performed with a linear pressure.
- Apparatus according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the compacting pressure of the recompression unit (3) is considerably lower than that of the high-pressure compression unit (2).
- Apparatus according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the speeds of the high-pressure compression unit (2) and the recompression unit (3) with the calibrating device (4) may differ from and be independent of each other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90115654T ATE91660T1 (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1990-08-16 | PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF MOLDINGS FROM INORGANIC BOND MATERIALS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3928626 | 1989-08-30 | ||
| DE3928626A DE3928626C1 (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1989-08-30 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0415184A2 EP0415184A2 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
| EP0415184A3 EP0415184A3 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| EP0415184B1 true EP0415184B1 (en) | 1993-07-21 |
Family
ID=6388152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90115654A Expired - Lifetime EP0415184B1 (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1990-08-16 | Method and device for the continuous production of moulded elements from inorganically bonded materials |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5135693A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0415184B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE91660T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2023947C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3928626C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4025797C2 (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1994-10-06 | Babcock Bsh Ag | Process for the production of plate-shaped bodies from a mixture of gypsum and fibrous materials and plant for carrying out this process |
| DE4129466A1 (en) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-03-11 | Bold Joerg | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLASTER PANELS AFTER A SEMI-DRYING PROCESS |
| DE4239033A1 (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-09-23 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | |
| ITRE20020035A1 (en) * | 2002-04-24 | 2003-10-24 | Sacmi | METHOD AND PLANT FOR THE FORMING OF SLABS OR CERAMIC TILES |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2303087A (en) * | 1938-12-24 | 1942-11-24 | Paper Patents Co | Apparatus for compressing creped wadding |
| US2909804A (en) * | 1955-09-16 | 1959-10-27 | Perry G Means | Continuous hot pressing machine for the manufacture of compressed boards |
| US3521552A (en) * | 1968-07-29 | 1970-07-21 | Hans John Knapp | Endless caul belt continuous press |
| DE2130932A1 (en) * | 1971-06-22 | 1973-05-30 | Baehre & Greten | Chipboard,continuous prodn - with high-frequency alternating field located before the pre-compression unit |
| DE2247990A1 (en) * | 1972-09-29 | 1974-04-18 | Baehre & Greten | Continuous chipboard sheeting - with variable gap for alternating high-frequ-enzymatic treatment between initial and main presses |
| DE2722356C2 (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1982-07-29 | Bison-Werke Bähre & Greten GmbH & Co KG, 3257 Springe | Method and device for the continuous production of chipboard, fiber or the like. plates |
| DE3044671A1 (en) * | 1980-11-27 | 1982-06-03 | Küsters, Eduard, 4150 Krefeld | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF STRAND-SHAPED MATERIALS |
| DE3107589C2 (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1986-01-30 | Bison-Werke Bähre & Greten GmbH & Co KG, 3257 Springe | Device for the continuous production of chipboard, fiberboard or similar boards |
| DE3206558A1 (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1983-09-01 | Santrade Ltd., 6002 Luzern | Double-band press |
| DE3441839A1 (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1986-02-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF INORGANICALLY BONDED MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY OF MATERIAL PLATES |
| DE3539364A1 (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1987-05-14 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Process for the continuous production of chipboards or fibreboards |
| DE3734180C2 (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1998-01-29 | Kuesters Eduard Maschf | Double belt press for the production of chipboard and the like |
-
1989
- 1989-08-30 DE DE3928626A patent/DE3928626C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-08-16 EP EP90115654A patent/EP0415184B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-16 AT AT90115654T patent/ATE91660T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-16 DE DE9090115654T patent/DE59002018D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-22 US US07/571,245 patent/US5135693A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-24 CA CA002023947A patent/CA2023947C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0415184A3 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| DE3928626C1 (en) | 1991-01-24 |
| CA2023947A1 (en) | 1991-03-01 |
| CA2023947C (en) | 1994-04-12 |
| US5135693A (en) | 1992-08-04 |
| EP0415184A2 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
| DE59002018D1 (en) | 1993-08-26 |
| ATE91660T1 (en) | 1993-08-15 |
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