EP0409007A2 - Ultrasonic layered transducer - Google Patents

Ultrasonic layered transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0409007A2
EP0409007A2 EP90112871A EP90112871A EP0409007A2 EP 0409007 A2 EP0409007 A2 EP 0409007A2 EP 90112871 A EP90112871 A EP 90112871A EP 90112871 A EP90112871 A EP 90112871A EP 0409007 A2 EP0409007 A2 EP 0409007A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current conductor
metallized
ultrasonic layer
ultrasonic
side surfaces
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90112871A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0409007B1 (en
EP0409007A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Burger
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0409007A3 publication Critical patent/EP0409007A3/en
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Publication of EP0409007B1 publication Critical patent/EP0409007B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to ultrasound layer transducers with a piezoceramic, on the two side surfaces of which cladding plates are held, at least one of the side surfaces being metallized and between this side surface and the same-sided cladding plate lying a current conductor which contacts the metallized side surface.
  • Ultrasonic layer transducers of the type mentioned above are known.
  • Strands are usually used here as current conductors, which carry the excitation current when operating as a transmitter and, when used as a receiver, pass on the received signal to a spatially distant supply and processing unit.
  • the manipulation of the ultrasound film converter with strands brings with it manufacturing problems, e.g. lie in the soldering of the strands and the accommodation of the solder joint on the usually thin, break-prone piezo foils, and their solution is quite expensive.
  • the piezo foils are clad with matching and / or damping materials so that they fulfill the required acoustic properties.
  • Several such individual systems are to be arranged in parallel for some requirements, which increases the manufacturing problems and the effort.
  • a cost-effective embodiment in which the same type of cladding platelets can be used, is provided if, in addition to the current conductor, a further current conductor is provided and both current conductors are contacted via the side surfaces of the piezoceramic, which are both metallized, with only one current conductor in on each metallized side surface one groove of the side-corresponding cladding plate lies and both grooves are eccentric and are at the same distance from the closest narrow sides of the cladding plate.
  • the positioning of the current conductor which is retained even when the planking plate presses it onto the metallized surface of the piezoceramic, can be achieved particularly reliably if the groove in the planking plate has a V-shaped cross section.
  • the V-shaped cross-section By changing the V-shaped cross-section in its angle and depth, it is possible to adapt to the cross-section of the current conductor in a simple manner, so that it protrudes from the groove in the desired manner and necessary for contacting. If the current conductor is designed as a solid conductor, it is easy to use. If the distance between the two current conductors is assigned to a plug system or a hole spacing in printed circuit boards, then the connection to the plug system or to the printed circuit boards can be implemented in a simple manner, for example also by means of an automatic machine. Inexpensive manufacture of the ultrasound film converter, in which the contact pressure on the current conductor described above is also ensured, is provided if its components are at least partially held together by adhesive bonding.
  • the ultrasound layer transducer is pushed into a shielding part under pressure, in addition to the shielding, which can be electrical and at the same time can offer mechanical protection, the components of the ultrasound layer transducer are held together well, again with the pressure required for contacting on the conductor is guaranteed.
  • FIG. 1 shows an ultrasound layer transducer which has a piezoceramic 2, the two side surfaces of which are metallized. Cladding plates 3 are located on these metallized side surfaces, with which the required acoustic adaptation and damping are brought about. Two solid conductors 1 are partially recessed in grooves 4 (see FIG. 2) of the cladding platelets 3 and, on the other hand, touch the metallized surfaces of the piezoceramic material 2.
  • the solid conductors 1 are well positioned by means of the grooves 4 with, for example, a V-shaped cross section, with adjustment of the groove shape to the cross section of the solid conductor 1, the countersinking in the grooves 4 can be changed to such an extent that its part protruding for contacting can be adapted accordingly to the required contact pressure.
  • the two solid conductors 1 arranged in parallel lie at the same distance from the parallel outer sides of the cladding platelets 3 and also off-center, so that the ultrasound layer transducer can be produced with cladding platelets 3 of the same embodiment.
  • strands or other current conductors can also be used instead of the solid conductors. It is also possible, deviating from the above embodiment, for the two current conductors to be arranged next to one another and for their contacting on the piezoceramic to take place by means of a cladding plate 3 which has corresponding grooves for positioning both current conductors.
  • the two solid conductors 1 protrude long from the ultrasound layer transducer and are also arranged at a certain distance from one another which corresponds to a desired or required distance.
  • the ultrasonic layer transducer can be made ready for plug-in with the solid conductors 1 or the solid conductors 1 as solder wires for soldering, e.g. in a printed circuit board.
  • the cohesion of the components of the ultrasound layer transducer and the contact pressure required to contact the solid wire 1 on the metallized side surface of the piezoceramic 2 can be e.g. by gluing.
  • the ultrasound layer transducer is pushed into a shielding part under pressure.
  • the ultrasonic layer transducer described is characterized by simple, inexpensive manufacture, the use of rigid, e.g. Solid conductors 1 designed as plugs offer a particularly simple and at the same time secure connection.

Abstract

In previous ultrasonic layered transducers, a piezo-ceramic element has two metallised side surfaces to which in each case one braided wire is soldered, small covering sheets (3) resting on the two side surfaces. In order to improve handling and simplify making of the contacts with the braided wires, grooves (4) for said braided wires are provided in the small covering sheets (3). The braided wires (1) project partially out of the grooves (4) by means of which they are positioned and are pressed through the small covering sheet (3) onto the metallised side surface in order to make contact. The use of solid conductors (1) rather than braided wires furthermore results, for example, in the advantage that the solid conductors (1) can project further, at a specific spacing, in order that they can be used either as ready-to-use plug connections or for soldering into a printed-circuit board. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Ultraschall-Schichtwandler mit einer Piezokeramik, auf deren beiden Seitenflächen Beplankungsplätt­chen gehalten sind, wobei zumindest eine der Seitenflächen me­tallisiert ist und zwischen dieser Seitenfläche und dem seiten­gleichen Beplankungsplättchen ein Stromleiter liegt, der mit der metallisierten Seitenfläche kontaktiert.The invention relates to ultrasound layer transducers with a piezoceramic, on the two side surfaces of which cladding plates are held, at least one of the side surfaces being metallized and between this side surface and the same-sided cladding plate lying a current conductor which contacts the metallized side surface.

Ultraschall-Schichtwandler der obengenannten Art sind bekannt. Als Stromleiter werden hier üblicherweise Litzen verwendet, die beim Betrieb als Sender den Erregerstrom führen und bei Verwen­dung als Empfänger das Empfangssignal an eine räumlich entfernte Versorger- und Verarbeitereinheit weiterleiten. Die Manipulation der Ultraschall-Schichtwandler mit Litzen bringt fertigungstech­nische Probleme mit sich, die z.B. in der Verlötung der Litzen und der Unterbringung der Lötstelle auf den üblicherweise dün­nen, bruchgefährdeten Piezofolien liegen, und deren Lösung recht kostenaufwendig ist. Hierbei werden die Piezofolien mit Anpaß- und/oder Dämpfungswerkstoffen plattiert, damit sie die geforderten akustischen Eigenschaften erfüllen. Mehrere sol­cher Einzelsysteme sind bei manchen Anforderungen parallel anzuordnen, was die Fertigungsprobleme und den Aufwand noch weiter anwachsen läßt.Ultrasonic layer transducers of the type mentioned above are known. Strands are usually used here as current conductors, which carry the excitation current when operating as a transmitter and, when used as a receiver, pass on the received signal to a spatially distant supply and processing unit. The manipulation of the ultrasound film converter with strands brings with it manufacturing problems, e.g. lie in the soldering of the strands and the accommodation of the solder joint on the usually thin, break-prone piezo foils, and their solution is quite expensive. Here, the piezo foils are clad with matching and / or damping materials so that they fulfill the required acoustic properties. Several such individual systems are to be arranged in parallel for some requirements, which increases the manufacturing problems and the effort.

Daher besteht die Aufgabe, einen Ultraschall-Schichtwandler der obengenannten Art in seinem Aufbau und seiner Ausführung da­hingehend zu verbessern, daß seine Fertigung einfach, preis­günstig, gut manipulierbar und automatisierbar ist und eine sichere Stromzuführung gewährleistet ist. Die Aufgabe wird er­findungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Stromleiter in einer Rille in demselben Beplankungsplättchen teilweise versenkt und an die metallisierte Seitenfläche angedrückt ist.Therefore, there is the task of improving an ultrasonic layer transducer of the type mentioned above in its construction and design in such a way that its manufacture is simple, inexpensive, easy to manipulate and automate, and a reliable power supply is ensured. The object is achieved in that the conductor is partially recessed in a groove in the same cladding plate and pressed onto the metallized side surface.

Ist neben dem Stromleiter ein weiterer Stromleiter in seit­lich versetztem Abstand vorgesehen, wobei die Kontaktierung bei­der Stromleiter an der Piezokeramik in hiervor vorgesehenen Rillen durch Beplankungsplättchen erfolgt, so ist hierdurch eine einfache Realisierung eines Ultraschall-Schichtwandlers mit zwei Stromleitern gegeben. Hierbei braucht der Anpreß­druck zur Kontaktierung der Stromleiter nur über ein Beplan­kungsplättchen ausgeübt zu werden. Eine kostengünstige Ausfüh­rungsform, bei der gleichgestaltete Beplankungsplättchen ange­wandt werden können, ist gegeben, wenn neben dem Stromleiter ein weiterer Stromleiter vorgesehen ist und beide Stromlei­ter über die Seitenflächen der Piezokeramik, die beide metal­lisiert sind, kontaktiert sind, wobei auf jeder metallisier­ten Seitenfläche nur ein Stromleiter in einer Rille des sei­tenentsprechenden Beplankungsplättchens liegt und beide Ril­len außermittig und zu den nächstliegenden Schmalseiten der Beplankungsplättchen in gleichem Abstand liegen. Die Positio­nierung des Stromleiters, die auch beim Anpressen desselben durch das Beplankungsplättchen auf die metallisierte Oberfläche der Piezokeramik erhalten bleibt, Läßt sich besonders sicher erreichen, wenn die Rille im Beplankungsplättchen einen V-för­migen Querschnitt aufweist. Durch Veränderung des V-förmigen Querschnitts in seinem Winkel und seiner Tiefe ist in einfacher Weise an eine Anpassung an den Querschnitt des Stromleiters möglich, damit dieser in gewünschter und zur Kontaktierung notwendiger Weise aus der Rille hervorragt. Wenn der Stromlei­ter als Massivleiter ausgeführt ist, so ist hiermit eine ein­fache Handhabung desselben gegeben. Ist das Abstandsmaß der beiden Stromleiter einem Steckersystem oder einem Bohrungsab­stand in Leiterplatten zugeordnet, so läßt sich hiermit der Anschluß an das Steckersystem oder an die Leiterplatten auf einfache Weise, z.B. auch mittels eines Automaten, realisieren. Eine kostengünstige Fertigung des Ultraschall-Schichtwandlers, bei der auch der zuvor beschriebene Anpreßdruck auf den Strom­leiter sichergestellt wird, ist gegeben, wenn seine Bestandteile zumindest teilweise durch Verklebung zusammengehalten werden.If, in addition to the current conductor, a further current conductor is provided at a laterally offset distance, the two current conductors being contacted on the piezoceramic in grooves provided in advance by means of cladding plates, this results in a simple implementation of an ultrasound layer transducer with two current conductors. The contact pressure for contacting the current conductors need only be exerted via a cladding plate. A cost-effective embodiment, in which the same type of cladding platelets can be used, is provided if, in addition to the current conductor, a further current conductor is provided and both current conductors are contacted via the side surfaces of the piezoceramic, which are both metallized, with only one current conductor in on each metallized side surface one groove of the side-corresponding cladding plate lies and both grooves are eccentric and are at the same distance from the closest narrow sides of the cladding plate. The positioning of the current conductor, which is retained even when the planking plate presses it onto the metallized surface of the piezoceramic, can be achieved particularly reliably if the groove in the planking plate has a V-shaped cross section. By changing the V-shaped cross-section in its angle and depth, it is possible to adapt to the cross-section of the current conductor in a simple manner, so that it protrudes from the groove in the desired manner and necessary for contacting. If the current conductor is designed as a solid conductor, it is easy to use. If the distance between the two current conductors is assigned to a plug system or a hole spacing in printed circuit boards, then the connection to the plug system or to the printed circuit boards can be implemented in a simple manner, for example also by means of an automatic machine. Inexpensive manufacture of the ultrasound film converter, in which the contact pressure on the current conductor described above is also ensured, is provided if its components are at least partially held together by adhesive bonding.

Ist der Ultraschall-Schichtwandler unter Druck in ein Abschir­mungsteil eingeschoben, so wird neben der Abschirmung, die elek­trisch sein kann und zugleich mechanischen Schutz bieten kann, für einen guten Zusammenhalt der Bauteile des Ultraschall-­Schichtwandlers gesorgt, wobei auch hier wiederum der zur Kon­taktierung erforderliche Druck auf den Stromleiter gewährlei­stet ist.If the ultrasound layer transducer is pushed into a shielding part under pressure, in addition to the shielding, which can be electrical and at the same time can offer mechanical protection, the components of the ultrasound layer transducer are held together well, again with the pressure required for contacting on the conductor is guaranteed.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, das im folgenden näher erläutert wird.In the drawing, an embodiment is shown, which is explained in more detail below.

Es zeigen:

  • FIG 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Ultraschall-Schicht­wandlers,
  • FIG 2 einen Querschnitt durch den Ultraschall-Schichtwandler im nicht zusammengesteckten Zustand.
Show it:
  • 1 shows a perspective view of an ultrasound film converter,
  • 2 shows a cross section through the ultrasound film converter in the non-assembled state.

Die FIG 1 zeigt einen Ultraschall-Schichtwandler, der eine Piezokeramik 2 aufweist, deren beide Seitenflächen metalli­siert sind. Auf diesen metallisierten Seitenflächen liegen Be­plankungsplättchen 3, mit denen die erforderliche akustische Anpassung und Dämpfung bewirkt werden. Zwei Massivleiter 1 sind in Rillen 4 (siehe FIG 2) der Beplankungsplättchen 3 teilweise versenkt und berühren zum anderen die metallisierten Oberflächen der Piezokeramik 2. Durch die Rillen 4 mit z.B. V-förmigem Querschnitt sind die Massivleiter 1 gut positioniert, wobei durch Anpassung der Rillenform an den Querschnitt der Massiv­leiter 1 deren Versenkung in den Rillen 4 soweit veränderbar ist, daß sein zur Kontaktierung hervorstehender Teil dem er­forderlichen Anpreßdruck entsprechend angepaßt werden kann. Die beiden parallel angeordneten Massivleiter 1 liegen in zu den parallelen Außenseiten der Beplankungsplättchen 3 gleichen Ab­stand und außerdem außermittig, so daß der Ultraschall-Schicht­wandler mit Beplankungsplättchen 3 gleicher Ausführungsform gefertigt werden kann.1 shows an ultrasound layer transducer which has a piezoceramic 2, the two side surfaces of which are metallized. Cladding plates 3 are located on these metallized side surfaces, with which the required acoustic adaptation and damping are brought about. Two solid conductors 1 are partially recessed in grooves 4 (see FIG. 2) of the cladding platelets 3 and, on the other hand, touch the metallized surfaces of the piezoceramic material 2. The solid conductors 1 are well positioned by means of the grooves 4 with, for example, a V-shaped cross section, with adjustment of the groove shape to the cross section of the solid conductor 1, the countersinking in the grooves 4 can be changed to such an extent that its part protruding for contacting can be adapted accordingly to the required contact pressure. The two solid conductors 1 arranged in parallel lie at the same distance from the parallel outer sides of the cladding platelets 3 and also off-center, so that the ultrasound layer transducer can be produced with cladding platelets 3 of the same embodiment.

Bei der zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsform können anstelle der Massivleiter auch Litzen oder andere Stromleiter Verwen­dung finden. Es ist außerdem abweichend von obiger Ausführungs­form möglich, daß die beiden Stromleiter nebeneinander angeord­net sind und ihre Kontaktierung an der Piezokeramik durch ein Beplankungsplättchen 3 erfolgt, das zur Positionierung beider Stromleiter entsprechende Rillen aufweist.In the embodiment described above, strands or other current conductors can also be used instead of the solid conductors. It is also possible, deviating from the above embodiment, for the two current conductors to be arranged next to one another and for their contacting on the piezoceramic to take place by means of a cladding plate 3 which has corresponding grooves for positioning both current conductors.

Die beiden Massivleiter 1 stehen, wie aus der FIG 1 ersicht­lich, aus dem Ultraschall-Schichtwandler lang heraus und sind außerdem in einem bestimmten Abstand voneinander angeord­net, der einem gewünschten oder geforderten Abstand entspricht. Somit kann der Ultraschall-Schichtwandler mit den Massivleitern 1 steckfertig hergestellt werden oder aber die Massivleiter 1 als Lötdrähte zum Einlöten, z.B. in eine Leiterplatte, benutzt werden.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the two solid conductors 1 protrude long from the ultrasound layer transducer and are also arranged at a certain distance from one another which corresponds to a desired or required distance. Thus, the ultrasonic layer transducer can be made ready for plug-in with the solid conductors 1 or the solid conductors 1 as solder wires for soldering, e.g. in a printed circuit board.

Der Zusammenhalt der Bestandteile des Ultraschall-Schichtwand­lerst und der notwendige Anpreßdruck zur Kontaktierung des Massivdrahtes 1 auf der metallisierten Seitenfläche der Piezo­keramik 2 lassen sich z.B. durch Verklebung erreichen. Bei einer hierzu alternativen Ausführungsform ist der Ultraschall-Schicht­wandler unter Druck in ein Abschirmungsteil geschoben.The cohesion of the components of the ultrasound layer transducer and the contact pressure required to contact the solid wire 1 on the metallized side surface of the piezoceramic 2 can be e.g. by gluing. In an alternative embodiment, the ultrasound layer transducer is pushed into a shielding part under pressure.

Der beschriebene Ultraschall-Schichtwandler zeichnet sich durch eine einfache, kostengünstige Fertigung aus, wobei die Verwen­dung von steifen, z.B. als Stecker ausgebildeten Massivleitern 1 einen besonders einfachen und zugleich sicheren Anschluß bietet.The ultrasonic layer transducer described is characterized by simple, inexpensive manufacture, the use of rigid, e.g. Solid conductors 1 designed as plugs offer a particularly simple and at the same time secure connection.

Claims (8)

1. Ultraschall-Schichtwandler mit einer Piezokeramik (2), auf deren beiden Seitenflächen Beplankungsplättchen (3) gehalten sind, wobei zumindest eine der Seitenflächen metallisiert ist und zwischen dieser Seitenfläche und dem seitengleichen Beplan­kungsplättchen (3) zumindest ein Stromleiter (1) liegt, der mit der metallisierten Seitenfläche kontaktiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stromleiter (1) in einer Rille (4) in demselben Beplankungsplättchen (3) teilweise ver­senkt und an die metallisierte Seitenfläche angedrückt ist.1. Ultrasonic layer transducer with a piezoceramic (2), on the two side surfaces of which cladding plates (3) are held, at least one of the side surfaces being metallized and between this side surface and the same-sided cladding plate (3) at least one current conductor (1) being located contacted with the metallized side surface, characterized in that the current conductor (1) is partially recessed in a groove (4) in the same cladding plate (3) and pressed onto the metallized side surface. 2. Ultraschall-Schichtwandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben dem Stromleiter (1) ein weiterer Stromleiter (1) in seitlich versetztem Abstand vorgesehen ist, wobei die Kontaktierung beider Stromleiter (1) an der Piezokeramik in hierfür vorgesehenen Rillen (4) durch ein Beplankungsplättchen (3) erfolgt.2. Ultrasonic layer converter according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the current conductor (1) a further current conductor (1) is provided at a laterally offset distance, the contacting of both current conductors (1) on the piezoceramic in grooves provided for this purpose (4) by a planking tile (3). 3. Ultraschall-Schichtwandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben dem Stromleiter (1) ein weiterer Stromleiter (1) vorgesehen ist und beide Strom­leiter (1) über die Seitenflächen der Piezokeramik (2), die beide metallisiert sind, kontaktiert sind, wobei auf jeder me­tallisierten Seitenfläche nur ein Stromleiter (1) in einer Rille (4) des seitenentsprechenden Beplankungsplättchens (3) liegt und beide Rillen (4) außermittig und zu den nächstliegen­den Schmalseiten der beiden Beplankungsplättchen (3) in glei­chem Abstand liegen.3. Ultrasonic layer transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the current conductor (1) a further current conductor (1) is provided and both current conductors (1) are contacted via the side surfaces of the piezoceramic (2), both of which are metallized, on each metallized side surface there is only one current conductor (1) in a groove (4) of the corresponding paneling plate (3) and both grooves (4) are off-center and at the same distance from the closest narrow sides of the two paneling plates (3). 4. Ultraschall-Schichtwandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rille (4) im Beplankungsplättchen (3) einen V-förmigen Querschnitt aufweist.4. Ultrasonic layer transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove (4) in the cladding plate (3) has a V-shaped cross section. 5. Ultraschall-Schichtwandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stromleiter als Massivleiter (1) ausgeführt ist.5. Ultrasonic layer converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current conductor is designed as a solid conductor (1). 6. Ultraschall-Schichtwandler nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß das Abstands­maß der beiden Massivleiter (1) einem Steckersystem oder einem Bohrungsabstand in Leiterplatten zugeordnet ist.6. Ultrasonic layer converter according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the distance dimension of the two solid conductors (1) is assigned to a plug system or a hole spacing in printed circuit boards. 7. Ultraschall-Schichtwandler nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß seine Bestandteile zumindest teilweise durch Verklebung zusammengehalten werden.7. Ultrasonic layer transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its components are at least partially held together by gluing. 8. Ultraschall-Schichtwandler nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser unter Druck in ein Abschirmungsteil eingeschoben ist.8. Ultrasonic layer transducer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is inserted under pressure into a shielding part.
EP90112871A 1989-07-17 1990-07-05 Ultrasonic layered transducer Expired - Lifetime EP0409007B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3923591 1989-07-17
DE3923591 1989-07-17

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EP0409007A2 true EP0409007A2 (en) 1991-01-23
EP0409007A3 EP0409007A3 (en) 1991-11-13
EP0409007B1 EP0409007B1 (en) 1994-10-19

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EP (1) EP0409007B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0353700A (en)
DE (1) DE59007485D1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2151196A5 (en) * 1971-08-25 1973-04-13 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech
FR2307436A1 (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-11-05 Bonhomme F R IMPROVEMENTS TO PRINTED CIRCUIT CARDS

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2151196A5 (en) * 1971-08-25 1973-04-13 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech
FR2307436A1 (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-11-05 Bonhomme F R IMPROVEMENTS TO PRINTED CIRCUIT CARDS

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EP0409007B1 (en) 1994-10-19
EP0409007A3 (en) 1991-11-13
DE59007485D1 (en) 1994-11-24
JPH0353700A (en) 1991-03-07

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