EP0408672A4 - Tough, high performance, addition-type thermoplastic polymers - Google Patents
Tough, high performance, addition-type thermoplastic polymersInfo
- Publication number
- EP0408672A4 EP0408672A4 EP19890908634 EP89908634A EP0408672A4 EP 0408672 A4 EP0408672 A4 EP 0408672A4 EP 19890908634 EP19890908634 EP 19890908634 EP 89908634 A EP89908634 A EP 89908634A EP 0408672 A4 EP0408672 A4 EP 0408672A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- polyimide
- group
- member selected
- bisethynyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F26/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/60—Polymerisation by the diene synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
- C08G73/123—Unsaturated polyimide precursors the unsaturated precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to tough, high performance, thermoplastic polymers. It relates particularly to addition-type thermoplastic polymers, which are polymers having an addition curing which leads to a linear structure.
- SU bismaleimides, PMR polyimides and acetylene-terminated resins dominates the present day approach to the preparation of new polymer composites.
- These polymers can be toughened in several ways, including: (1) reducing crosslink density, (2) incorporation of flexibilizing linkages, (3) rubber toughening, (4) synthesis of addition-type thermoplastics, (5) polymer blends, and (6) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks.
- One characteristic common to most of the above methods is that toughness is gained at the considerable cost of lowering the Tgs of these polymers which, in turn, adversely effects their high temperature mechanical performance.
- the synthesis of addition-type thermoplastics (ATTs) is considered to be a very attractive approach, but remains the least explored area for the following reasons.
- An ATT is defined as a polymer that has an addition curing which leads to a linear structure.
- a polymer is non-classical in that it has similarities to two major classical categories: thermosets (addition curing with a crosslinked structure) and thermoplastics (condensation reaction cured having a linear structure) . Because of their addition curing and linear structure, ATT polymers can have toughness (like thermoplastics) and can be easily processed (like thermosets) .
- the foregoing and additional objects are attained by reacting a triple bond conjugated with an aromatic ring in a bisethynyl compound with the active double bond in a compound containing a double bond activated toward the formation of a Diels- Alder type adduct.
- the latter compound is one of or a mixture of a bismaleimide, a biscitraconimide, and a benzoquinone.
- a highly linear polymer structure is produced if the reaction product is addition cured; and a thermally-stable aromatic addition-type thermoplastic polyimide is produced by heat treating this highly linear polymeric structure.
- the bisethynyl compound and the compound containing a double bond activated toward the formation of a Diels-Alder type adduct are reacted in stoichiometric quantities, as well as in off- stoichio etric quantities, especially in a mole ratio range between about 7:1 and 1:7.
- the tough, high performance polyimides according to the present invention find special utility in the preparation of molding compounds, adhesive compositions, and polymer matrix composites. Novel monomeric materials used in the preparation of the polyimides according to the present invention have the following general structural formula:
- FIG. 1 is a reaction equation showing possible mechanisms for ' the synthesis of addition-type thermoplastic polymers
- FIG. 2 is a reaction equation showing the synthesis of a polyimide product according to the present invention (LaRC-RP80) from a commercially available starting material (Thermid 600) and a novel monomeric material according to the present invention (CA/MDA/6F) ;
- FIO. 3 is a reaction equation showing possible mechanisms for the reaction of a bisethynyl compound with a bismaleimide
- FIG. 4 shows FTIR spectra of (a) the polyimide product of FIG. 2, in accord with the present invention, (b) the commercially available starting material of FIG. 2, and (c) the novel monomeric material of FIG. 2, in accord with the present invention;
- FIG. 5 shows the results of thermomechanical analyses of (a) the polyimide product of FIG. 2 in the dry state
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of the polyimide product of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 7 shows the results of thermogravimetric analyses of (a) the polyimide product of FIG. 2; (b) the commercially available starting material of FIG. 2; and (c) the novel monomeric material of FIG. 2; and
- FIG. 8 shows the results of isothermal (371°C) thermogravimetric analyses of (a) the polyimide product of FIG. 2; (b) the commercially available starting material of FIG. 2; and (c) the novel monomeric material of FIG. 2.
- the concept of the ATT synthesis is schematically depicted in FIG. 1.
- the synthesis may proceed through the cycloaddition of an acetylene-terminated prepolymer with a compound containing a double bond activated toward the formation of a Diels-Alder type adduct, such as a bismaleimide, a biscitraconimide, or a benzoquinone.
- the reaction sites are the triple bond conjugated with an aromatic ring in a bisethynyl compound and the active double bond in a compound containing a double bond activated toward the formation of a Diels-Alder type adduct.
- the cycloaddition may proceed via at least two reaction pathways as shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 1. Both involve a concerted process. Pathway (a) forms a highly strained intermediate (3) containing an allene functionality from the Diels-Alder reaction of the 4 ⁇ electrons in the conjugated triple bond with the 2 ⁇ electrons in the maleimide double bond. To release the ring strain, compound (3) would most likely quickly rearrange itself to give the more stable compound (4) through a [1,3] sigmatropic hydride shift. Alternatively, compound (4) can be directly formed from the interaction of the 2 ⁇ electrons in the triple bond
- Thermid LR-600 was purchased from National Starch.
- the 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) from Eastman was used as r e c e i v e d .
- T h e 2 , 2 - b i s ( 3 , 4 - dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6F) from American Hoechst was recrystallized from acetic anhydride/toluene (20/80 volume ratio) , m.p.245 ⁇ C-246°C.
- Citraconic anhydride (CA) from Aldrich was freshly distilled. 2. Synthesis of Biscitraconimide
- FIG. 2 shows the synthesis of LaRC-RP80.
- the commercial Thermid LR-600 and the previously prepared CA/MDA/6F were dissolved in stoichiometric quantities in acetone to give a 50% w/w dark brown solution.
- the solution was concentrated at 100 * C in a nitrogen atmosphere for one and one-half hours, followed by staging at 250 ⁇ C in air for one hour.
- this exothermic peak was not found in the DSC scans of the Thermid 600 molding powder prepared under the same condition as LaRC-RP80 and CA/MDA/6F prepolymer.
- the LaRC-RP80 molding powder (15.50 grams) was placed in a cold matched metal die. This was then inserted into a press preheated to 288 ⁇ C. A thermocouple was attached to the die to determine the temperature profile. When the die temperature reached 225 ⁇ C, 2000 psi pressure was applied. The temperature was raised to 288 ⁇ C at a rate of 2 ⁇ C/minute. The neat resin was cured at 288"C in air under 2000 psi pressure for one hour and removed from the press when the die temperature cooled to 177°C.
- the resin was postcured at 288 ° C in air for four hours. This afforded a neat resin having dimensions of 3.2 cm by 3.2 cm by 1.0 cm and a density of 1.35 g/cc. The optical microscopic examination of the cross-section of the neat resin showed no detectable voids or defects. This molding was then used as a compact tension specimen and characterized.
- the 50% w/w solution of Thermid LR-600 and biscitraconimide (1:1 molar ratio) in acetone was brush coated onto a 112 E-glass (A1100 finish) cloth which was stretched over a metal frame.
- the scrim cloth was dried between coatings at 60"C in air for one-half hour. After the fourth coating, the cloth was staged at 100 ⁇ C, 150°C and 177 ⁇ C in air for one hour at each temperature.
- Single lap shear bond specimens were prepared using 25.4 mm wide, 1.27 mm thick 6A1-4V titanium adherends.
- the bond area of the adherend was surface treated with Pasa Jell 107, which is marketed by SEMCO, Glendale, California, primed with the resin solution and heated in the same manner as the scrim cloth prepared above.
- the bonded specimens were postcured at 288 * C in air for four hours.
- the lap shear tests were performed on an Instron universal testing machine according to ASTM D-1002. 5. Reaction Mechanisms
- FIG. 3 shows that the reaction of an acetylene terminated compound with a maleimide can occur in three ways: (a) the individual homopolymerization of each of the two reactants leads to a mixture of crosslinked networks; (b) the cycloaddition reaction of the acetylene with the maleimide forms an ATT via one of the two routes shown in FIG. 1; and (c) the addition of the maleimide double bond across the acetylene triple bond gives a highly crosslinked material. Only pathway (b) forms a tough linear thermoplastic material. The other two routes produce brittle crosslinked polymers. This is an important distinction.
- pathway (b) is consistent with the following five findings.
- the FTIR spectrum of cured LaRC-RP80 neat resin showed five new absorption bands which are consistent with the formation of a cycloaddition adduct. These new bands are marked with an arrow shown in FIG. 4.
- the FTIR spectra of Thermid 600 and CA/MDA/6F polymers cured under the identical condition as LaRC-RP80 are also shown in FIG. 4.
- LaRC-RP80 is significantly tougher than the constituent polymers (G 1c 324 J/m 2 compared to 32 J/m 2 for CA/MDA/6F and 85 J/m* for Thermid 600) .
- Such high toughness characteristics are in line with the behavior of a linear thermoplastic, but not with the behavior of a highly crosslinked polymer.
- LaRC-RP80 can be processed easily and quickly for the following three reasons.
- the reacting components are readily soluble in a low boiling solvent, such as acetone, making solvent removal easy. It has an addition curing mechanism, which eliminates voids caused by evolution of volatile by-products during the critical final stage of curing. Lastly, the curing takes place rapidly at a moderately high temperature.
- the cure cycle for LaRC-RP80 is: cure one hour at 288"C and postcure four hours at 288 ⁇ C.
- FIG. 6 shows the scanning electron micrograph of the fracture surface of LaRC-RP80.
- the fractography of LaRC- RP80 reveals a dendritic pattern.
- the initial propagation region shows extended arrays and lines which run in the direction of crack propagation and extend over a considerable distance with a high degree of regularity. Clearly, this is a ductile fracture.
- LaRC-RP80 has a 5% weight loss temperature of 514 ⁇ C. This represents the highest thermo-oxidative stability ever observed for BMIs developed to date.
- the data of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 indicate that the thermo-oxidative stability of LaRC-RP80 is equivalent to that of Thermid 600, and is substantially better than that of the biscitraconimide CA/MDA/6F.
- LaRC-RP80 also exhibited outstanding moisture resistance. Typical BMIs have equilibrium moisture absorptions which range from four to six percent. A value of 2.6 percent was obtained for LaRC-RP80. The good moisture resistant characteristics of this material are reflected in the high wet Tg mentioned previously and the excellent hot/wet lap shear strength presented below in Table 2.
- Table 2 summarizes the adhesive properties of LaRC- RP80, along with those of Thermid 600 for comparison purposes.
- Failure adhesive Failure cohesive/adhesive.
- Table 3 shows the chemical structures and designations of five biscitraconimides and five bismaleimides which were prepared for subsequent polymer synthesis described hereinafter.
- the following is a general synthetic procedure used for the preparation of the above ten compounds.
- the synthesis involves two steps. Step one concerns the preparation of the diamine from 4,4'- (hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(o-phthalic anhydride) , hereinafter referred to as 6F dianhydride, and the corresponding aromatic diamine.
- MDA/6F 4,4'- [2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(trifluromethyl)ethylidene]bis(N-[ ⁇ _- (p_-aminophenyl)-p_-tolyl]phthalimide] , hereinafter referred to as MDA/6F, was prepared by refluxing 4,4'- methylenedianiline (MDA) (0.48 mole) and 6F dianhydride (0.24 mole) in N-methy1-pyrrolidone (350 ml) for four hours.
- MDA 4,4'- methylenedianiline
- 6F dianhydride 0.24 mole
- N-methy1-pyrrolidone 350 ml
- the cooled reaction mixture was poured onto an ice-water mixture (500 ml) , and the solid was filtered, washed with distilled water (5 x 100 ml) , and dried in vacuum at 100 "C to yield diamine MDA/6F in 99% yield.
- Step two is exemplified by the preparation of biscitraconimide CA/MDA/6F as described in the following Example 10(A) :
- Example 10(B) As in Example 10(A), the reaction of CA (0.1 mole) and ODA/6F (0.05 mole) afforded the crude CA/0DA/6F in 99% yield, m.p. 138 ⁇ C-143 ⁇ C. After recrystallization, a dark brown solid was obtained, m.p. 180°C-182 ⁇ C; IR
- Example 10(C) As in Example 10(A), the reaction of CA (0.1 mole) and DDS/6F (0.05 mole) afforded the crude CA/DDS/6F in 98% yield, m.p. 174 ⁇ C-180'C. After recrystallization, a gray solid was obtained, m.p. 210*C-211'C; IR (CHC1 3 ) 3030, 1770, 1720, 1350 and 1140 cm “1 . Analysis: Calcd. for C 53 H 30 N 4 F 6 O 12 S 2 : C, 58.24; H, 2.75; N, 5.13; F, 10.44; S, 5.86. Found: C, 57.39; H, 3.30; N, 4.73; F, 10.67; S, 5.98.
- Example 10(D) As in Example 10(A), the reaction of CA (0.1 mole) and PD/6F (0.05 mole) afforded the crude CA/PD/6F in 99% yield, m.p. 208*C-212 ⁇ C. After recrystallization, a dark purple solid was obtained, m.p. 230°C-232 ⁇ C; IR (CHC1 3 ) 3030, 1760, 1715, 1640, 1375, 1260, 1140 and 1100 cm “1 . Analysis: Calcd. for C 41 H 22 N 4 F 6 0 8 : C, 60.59; H, 2.71; N, 6.90 F, 14.04. Found: C, 60.32; H, 2.87; N, 6.75; F, 14.27.
- Example 10(E) As in Example 10(A), the reaction of CA (0.1 mole) and DDA/6F (0.05 mole) afforded the crude CA/DDA/6F in 99% yield, m.p. 121 ⁇ C-125"C. After recrystallization, a pale yellow solid was obtained, m.p. 132"C-134 ⁇ C; IR (CHC1 3 ) 3300, 1760, 1720, 1375, 1260, 1140 and 1100 cm “1 . Analysis: Calcd. for C 43 H 5a N 4 F 6 0 4 : C, 62.82; H, 7.35; N, 6.10; F, 11.89. Found: C, 63.86; H, 7.18; N, 6.93; F, 12.01.
- Example 10(F) As in Example 10(A), the reaction of maleic anhydride (MA) (0.1 mole) and MDA/6F (0.05 mole) afforded the crude MA/MDA/6F, m.p. 138 ⁇ C-143 ⁇ C, in gold color.
- MA maleic anhydride
- MDA/6F 0.05 mole
- Example 10(G) As in Example 10(A), the reaction of MA (0.1 mole) and 0DA/6F (0.05 mole) afforded the crude MA/ODA/6F, m.p. 130 ⁇ C-134°C in dark brown color.
- Example 10(H) As in Example 10(A), the reaction of MA (0.1 mole) and DDS/6F (0.05 mole) afforded the crude MA/DDS/6F, m.p. 158 ⁇ C-163 ⁇ C in off-white color.
- Example 10(A) the reaction of MA (0.1 mole) and PD/6F (0.05 mole) afforded the crude MA/PD/6F, m.p. 189 ⁇ C-193'C in purple color.
- the molding powder (15.50 grams) was placed in a cold matched metal die. This was then inserted into a press preheated to 288"C. A thermocouple was attached to the die to determine the temperature profile. When the die temperature reached 225 ⁇ C, 2000 psi pressure was applied. The temperature was raised to 288 ⁇ C at a rate of 2 ⁇ C/minute.
- the neat resin was cured at 288"C in air under 2000 psi pressure for one hour and removed from the press when the die temperature cooled to 177'C. The resin was post ⁇ ured at 288*C in air for four hours. This afforded a neat resin having dimension of 3.2 cm by 3.2 cm by 1.0 cm and a density of 1.35 g/cc. The optical microscopic examination of the cross-section of the neat resin showed no detectable voids or defects.
- the polymer is designated LaRC-RP80.
- Example 11 a polymer having an off stoichiometric composition was also prepared from the same rea ⁇ tants as in Example 11, in order to evaluate the effect of stoichiometry on the properties of the polymer.
- a polymer was prepared from Thermid LR-600 (0.008 mole) and CA/MDA/6F (0.0053 mole). This polymer is designated LaRC-RP80-A.
- Example 14 a polymer having an off stoichiometric composition was prepared from Thermid LR- 600 (0.0053 mole) and CA/MDA/6F (0.008 mole). This polymer is designated LaRC-RP80-B.
- Example 14 a polymer having an off stoichiometric composition was prepared from Thermid LR- 600 (0.0053 mole) and CA/MDA/6F (0.008 mole). This polymer is designated LaRC-RP80-B.
- Example 11 the in-situ polymerization of Thermid LR-600 (0.008 mole) and CA/0DA/6F (0.008 mole) yielded a void-free neat resin having dimensions of 3.2 cm x 3.2 cm x 1.5 cm and a density of 1.37 g/cc.
- This polymer is designated LaRC-RP83.
- a polymer consisting of Thermid LR-600 (0.008 mole) and CA/MDA/6F (0.0053 mole) was prepared and is designated as LaRC-RP83-A.
- the reaction of Thermid LR-600 (0.001 mole) and CA/DDS/6F (0.001 mole) formed a void-free neat resin disc having a diameter of 2.54 cm and thickness of 1 cm, a density of 1.36 g/cc and Tgs of 269 ⁇ C dry and 265"C wet.
- This polymer is designated LaRC-RP-56.
- Thermid LR-600 (0.008 mole) and MA/MDA/6F (0.008 mole) produced a void-free neat resin having dimensions of 3.2 cm x 3.2 cm x 1.3 cm, a density of 1.37 g/cc and Tgs of 265°C dry and 253"C wet.
- This polymer is designated LaRC-RP98.
- Example 22 As in Example 11, the reaction of Thermid LR-600 (0.008 mole) and MA/PD/6F (0.008 mole) produced a void-free neat resin with a density of 1.37 g/cc and Tgs of 278°c dry and 271°C wet. This polymer is designated LaRC-RPlOl.
- Example 22 As in Example 11, the reaction of Thermid LR-600 (0.008 mole) and MA/PD/6F (0.008 mole) produced a void-free neat resin with a density of 1.37 g/cc and Tgs of 278°c dry and 271°C wet. This polymer is designated LaRC-RPlOl.
- Example 22 Example 22
- Example 11 the reaction of an ethynyl terminated arylene ether oligomer (ETAE) having " an inherent viscosity of 0.35 dL/g (0.001 mole) and CA/MDA/6F (0.001 mole) formed a void-free neat resin disc with a density of 1.31 g/cc.
- This polymer is designated as LaRC-RP105.
- the 50% w/w solution of Thermid LR-600 and CA/MDA/6F (1:1 molar ratio) in acetone was brush coated onto a 112 E-glass (A1100 finish) cloth which was stretched over a metal frame.
- the scrim cloth was dried between coatings at 60 ⁇ C in air for one-half hour. After the fourth coating, the cloth was staged at 100"C, 150 ⁇ C and 177*C in air for one hour at each temperature.
- Single lap shear bond specimens were prepared using 25.4 mm wide, 1.27 mm thick 6A1-4V titanium adherends.
- the bond area of the adherend was surface treated with Pasa Jell 107 (trademark of a product marketed by SEMCO in Glendale, California) , primed with the resin solution and heated in the same manner as the scrim cloth prepared above.
- the lap shear specimens were bonded as follows: (1) raise temperature from room temperature to 250*C at 4*C/min, (2) apply 200 psi at 250*C and raise temperature to 288*C at 4 ⁇ C/min, (3) hold one hour at 288"C under 200 psi pressure and (4) cool to room temperature under pressure.
- the bonded specimens were postcured at 288*C in air for four hours.
- the lap shear tests were performed on an Instron universal testing machine according to * ASTM D-1002. Table 6 shows the adhesive properties.
- a prepreg was prepared by drum winding AS-4 unsized graphite yarn followed by brush application of the 50% w/w solution of Thermid LR-600 and CA/MDA/6F in 1:1 molar ratio in acetone. The quantity of the resih solution was calculated to yield finished composite containing 60 volume percent fiber.
- the tapes were dried on the rotating drum at room temperature for three hours, removed from the drum and cut into 1.9 cm x 7.6 cm plies.
- the prepreg showed excellent tack and drape characteristics. Twelve plies were stacked unidirectionally and then staged at 80"C for one hour in an air-circulating oven. The staged lay-up was placed in a cold matched metal die. This was then inserted into a preheated 288 ⁇ C press.
- thermocouple was attached to the matched die to determine the temperature. When the die temperature reached 135'C, 200 psi pressure was applied. The temperature was raised to 288*C at a rate of 4"C/minute. The composite was cured at 288"C in air under 200 psi pressure for one hour and removed from the press when the die temperature reached 100*C. The composite was then postcured at 288 ⁇ C in air for four hours. The ultrasonic c-scan of the composite showed no detectable voids.' Also, the composite can be reprocessed to correct flaws. This procedure was used for making ten composite systems using various resins. Table 7 gives the composite properties.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US25048088A | 1988-09-28 | 1988-09-28 | |
US250480 | 1988-09-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0408672A1 EP0408672A1 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
EP0408672A4 true EP0408672A4 (en) | 1991-04-24 |
Family
ID=22947940
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19890908634 Withdrawn EP0408672A4 (en) | 1988-09-28 | 1989-06-14 | Tough, high performance, addition-type thermoplastic polymers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0408672A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH03502941A (en) |
KR (1) | KR900701869A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3971689A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990003405A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0642510A4 (en) * | 1992-05-28 | 1997-04-02 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Bismaleimide compounds. |
US8513375B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2013-08-20 | Designer Molecules, Inc. | Imide-linked maleimide and polymaleimide compounds |
WO2010019832A2 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-18 | Designer Molecules, Inc. | Amide-extended crosslinking compounds and methods for use thereof |
JP5328006B2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2013-10-30 | デジグナー モレキュールズ インコーポレイテッド | Imido-linked maleimide and polymaleimide compounds |
US8415812B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2013-04-09 | Designer Molecules, Inc. | Materials and methods for stress reduction in semiconductor wafer passivation layers |
US9416229B2 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2016-08-16 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Dianhydride and polyimide |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4451402A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1984-05-29 | Plastics Engineering Company | Addition products of di-acetylene-terminated polyimide with a diaryl conjugated butadiyne |
US4365034A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1982-12-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Acetylene-terminated polyimide compositions |
-
1989
- 1989-06-14 JP JP1507987A patent/JPH03502941A/en active Pending
- 1989-06-14 EP EP19890908634 patent/EP0408672A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-06-14 KR KR1019900701125A patent/KR900701869A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-06-14 WO PCT/US1989/002539 patent/WO1990003405A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-06-14 AU AU39716/89A patent/AU3971689A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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No further relevant documents have been disclosed. * |
See also references of WO9003405A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR900701869A (en) | 1990-12-04 |
JPH03502941A (en) | 1991-07-04 |
WO1990003405A1 (en) | 1990-04-05 |
EP0408672A1 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
AU3971689A (en) | 1990-04-18 |
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