EP0401598A1 - Centre electrode for sparking plugs of internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Centre electrode for sparking plugs of internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
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- EP0401598A1 EP0401598A1 EP90109777A EP90109777A EP0401598A1 EP 0401598 A1 EP0401598 A1 EP 0401598A1 EP 90109777 A EP90109777 A EP 90109777A EP 90109777 A EP90109777 A EP 90109777A EP 0401598 A1 EP0401598 A1 EP 0401598A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode according
- separating layer
- silver
- center electrode
- formation
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017743 AgSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017750 AgSn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002711 AuNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silver Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Ag] YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a center electrode for spark plugs of internal combustion engines, which has a core made of a highly thermally conductive base metal material, which is provided in the area of the ignition tip with a noble metal coating which consists of silver or a silver alloy with a predominant silver content.
- Silver appears particularly useful in the range of precious metals because it is resistant to oxidation in the required temperature range and can be used relatively inexpensively.
- An ignition tip made of silver has so far not been able to be combined satisfactorily with a highly thermally conductive base metal core material, in particular with copper.
- the reason for this is that silver has a high oxygen solubility at higher temperatures.
- the high oxygen solubility causes the oxygen to diffuse through the silver even after short operating times of the electrode and to strike the base core lying underneath the silver, as a result of which the latter is oxidized at the interface.
- such an oxidation layer destroys the heat-conducting metallic connection between silver and core material and significantly reduces the heat transfer.
- the invention is based on the task of creating a center electrode for spark plugs of internal combustion engines, in which the favorable properties of the silver cladding of a core made of a highly thermally conductive base metal material can be fully utilized without the formation of an oxide or the formation of a eutectic in the area of the boundary layer.
- the characteristic of the invention is to be seen in the fact that at the interface between the core material and the sheathing at least one oxygen-impermeable and / or the formation of a eutectic between the core material and the material of the sheathing is provided.
- the formation of the eutectic is of less importance than the formation of oxides and vice versa, so that the effect of the separating layer can be restricted to avoiding the formation of a eutectic or to preventing the passage of oxygen, in most cases it appears to be of practical use to avoid both the oxide formation in the area of the boundary layer and the formation of a eutectic by a common or several combined separating layers.
- the separating layer or layers the thickness of which can preferably be less than 50 ⁇ m, can be provided both as a coating of the core material and as a support on the inside of the casing or in mutual attachment.
- This formation of one or more separating layers enables the production of a copper-silver composite electrode, whereby a reduction in the use of noble metals by at least 50% can be achieved compared to the previously known solid silver center electrode.
- Copper is preferably used as the core material and silver as the material of the cladding.
- silver is preferably used as the core material and silver as the material of the cladding.
- other combinations between highly thermally conductive base metallic materials or alloys as the core material and silver or silver alloys with a predominant proportion of silver can advantageously be used.
- the silver sheathing of the electrode can optionally advantageously be alloy additives, e.g. made of tin or aluminum, which reduce the oxygen permeability of the silver. If there is sufficient effectiveness, it may be possible to dispense with the formation of a special separating layer which prevents the passage of oxygen. However, most silver alloys with reduced oxygen solubility also result in reduced thermal conductivity, which limits the area of application for the stated purpose.
- the separating layer for preventing the formation of a eutectic can advantageously consist of tantalum, iron, nickel or alloys of these materials or of an AgSn alloy.
- An expedient embodiment can provide that only a single layer which is impermeable to oxygen and which prevents the interdiffusion of core material and material of the casing is arranged at the interface between the core material and the casing. Platinum is preferably suitable for this.
- AuNi alloys can also be used advantageously as the only separating layer to prevent the passage of oxygen and the interdiffusion between the core material and the casing.
- a center electrode for spark plugs is created in which a noble metal sheath forming the ignition tip, made of silver or an alloy with a predominant silver content, can be permanently connected to a core made of base metal without the risk of destruction in the area of the boundary layer entry.
- FIG. 1 shows a spark plug in which a center electrode 2 is inserted into an insulating body 1.
- the insulating body 1 is connected to a metallic screw-in part 3, which has a ground electrode 5 at the front end of a threaded section 4.
- a core 7 made of copper As can be seen in FIG. 2, with a noble metal casing 8 made of silver, covered.
- a platinum layer 9 of approximately 20 ⁇ m thickness As a separating layer, which prevents both the passage of oxygen from the silver cladding to the core material and the formation of a eutectic between the core material and the cladding material .
- the sheathing of the core material can be carried out in various known processing methods, for example by deep drawing and common extrusion molding. This can result in different shapes at the interface between the core and the silver coating.
- FIG. 3 An advantageous embodiment in which the silver casing tapers upwards from the ignition tip is shown in FIG. 3. This shape design results in an additional saving of the precious metal.
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- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mittelelektrode für Zündkerzen von Brennkraftmaschinen, welche einen Kern aus einem gut wärmeleitendem unedlen metallischen Werkstoff aufweist, der im Bereich der Zündspitze mit einer Edelmetallummantelung versehen ist, welche aus Silber bzw. aus einer Silberlegierung mit überwiegendem Silberanteil besteht.The invention relates to a center electrode for spark plugs of internal combustion engines, which has a core made of a highly thermally conductive base metal material, which is provided in the area of the ignition tip with a noble metal coating which consists of silver or a silver alloy with a predominant silver content.
An eine Zündkerzenmittelelektrode zur Verwendung in Brennkraftmaschinen werden folgende wesentliche Forderungen gestellt:
- a) gute thermische und elektrische Leitfähigkeit,
- b) hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit,
- c) thermische Beständigkeit bei Temperaturen ober halb von 800°C,
- d) geringer Abbrand im Zündlichtbogen.
- a) good thermal and electrical conductivity,
- b) high corrosion resistance,
- c) thermal resistance at temperatures above half of 800 ° C,
- d) low burn in the pilot arc.
Diese Mehrzahl an Forderungen lassen sich am besten mit massiven Elektroden erfüllen, welche im Bereich der Zündspitze aus Edelmetallen bzw. deren Legierungen bestehen.This majority of requirements can best be met with solid electrodes, which are made of precious metals or their alloys in the area of the ignition tip.
Eine Ausführung, bei der in einen Kupfermantel eine Zündspitze aus Platin oder einem anderen Edelmetall eingesetzt ist, beschreibt u.a. die US-PS 2 783 409. Wegen des hohen Preises der Edelmetalle war bisher ein wirtschaftlicher Einsatz in der Massenfertigung von Mittelelektroden nicht möglich, und die Anwendung wurde auf Sonderfälle beschränkt.An embodiment in which an ignition tip made of platinum or another noble metal is inserted into a copper jacket describes, among other things. US Pat. No. 2,783,409. Because of the high price of the precious metals, economical use in the mass production of central electrodes has not been possible until now, and the application has been restricted to special cases.
In der Reihe der Edelmetalle erscheint Silber besonders brauchbar, weil es in dem geforderten Temperaturbereich oxidationsbeständig ist und relativ kostengünstig eingesetzt werden kann. Eine Zündspitze aus Silber konnte bisher nicht in zufriedenstellender Weise mit einem gut wärmeleitendem unedlen metallischen Kernwerkstoff insbesondere mit Kupfer kombiniert werden. Die Ursache hierfür liegt darin, daß Silber bei höheren Temperaturen eine hohe Sauerstofflöslichkeit aufweist. Die hohe Sauerstofflöslichkeit bewirkt, daß bereits nach kurzen Betriebszeiten der Elektrode der Sauerstoff durch das Silber hindurchdiffundiert und auf den unter dem Silber liegenden unedlen Kern trifft, wodurch dieser an der Grenzfläche oxidiert wird. Eine solche Oxidationsschicht zerstört jedoch die gut wärmeleitende metallische Verbindung zwischen Silber und Kernwerkstoff und setzt den Wärmeübergang wesentlich herab. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr, daß die durch die Oxidation bewirkte Volumenvergrößerung des Kernmaterials zu einer Ausdehnung des umhüllenden Silbermantels und zu einer damit verbundenen Rißbildung des keramischen Isolierkörpers führt.Silver appears particularly useful in the range of precious metals because it is resistant to oxidation in the required temperature range and can be used relatively inexpensively. An ignition tip made of silver has so far not been able to be combined satisfactorily with a highly thermally conductive base metal core material, in particular with copper. The reason for this is that silver has a high oxygen solubility at higher temperatures. The high oxygen solubility causes the oxygen to diffuse through the silver even after short operating times of the electrode and to strike the base core lying underneath the silver, as a result of which the latter is oxidized at the interface. However, such an oxidation layer destroys the heat-conducting metallic connection between silver and core material and significantly reduces the heat transfer. There is also the danger that the increase in volume of the core material caused by the oxidation leads to an expansion of the enveloping silver jacket and to an associated cracking of the ceramic insulating body.
Ein weiterer Grund dafür, die an sich naheliegende Kombination Silbermantel/Kupferkern bisher nicht einzusetzen, liegt darin, daß an der Grenzfläche ein relativ niedrig schmelzendes Ag/Cu-Eutektikum entsteht. Die Schmelzpunkte von Silber mit 961°C und Kupfer mit 1083°C liegen zwar hoch genug um eine Zerstörung durch Aufschmelzen auszuschließen. In der Grenzschicht bildet sich jedoch das Ag/Cu-Eutektikum, welches aus 72% Silber und 28% Kupfer besteht, und dessen Schmelzpunkt nur bei 780°C liegt. Damit können bei Betriebstemperaturen der Mittelelektrode Aufschmelzungen im Bereich der Grenzschicht auftreten, welche eine baldige Zerstörung der Elektrode herbeiführen.Another reason for not using the obvious combination silver cladding / copper core so far is that a relatively low melting Ag / Cu eutectic is formed at the interface. The melting points of silver at 961 ° C and copper at 1083 ° C are high enough to prevent destruction by melting. However, the Ag / Cu eutectic, which consists of 72% silver and 28% copper, forms in the boundary layer and its melting point is only 780 ° C. Melting can thus occur in the area of the boundary layer at operating temperatures of the center electrode, which causes the electrode to be destroyed soon.
Aus den genannten Gründen sind bisher als Mittelelektroden für Zündkerzen lediglich massive Elektroden aus reinem Silber bzw. aus dispersionsgehärtetem Silber eingesetzt worden, bei denen die Verbindungszone mit dem Mittelelektrodenteil außerhalb des Bereiches hoher Wärmebelastung liegt. Die Vorteile der Silberelektroden bestehen vor allem in der hervorragenden Abbrandfestigkeit und Resistenz gegen chemische Angriffe, so daß eine hohe Lebensdauer erzielt werden kann. Außerdem lassen sich gute Breitbandeigenschaften hinsichtlich des Wärmewertspektrums und damit des Einsatzbereiches der Zündkerze erreichen.For the reasons mentioned, only solid electrodes made of pure silver or of dispersion-hardened silver have been used as center electrodes for spark plugs, in which the connection zone with the center electrode part lies outside the region of high thermal stress. The advantages of silver electrodes are above all the excellent burn-off resistance and resistance to chemical attacks, so that a long service life can be achieved. In addition, good broadband properties with regard to the heat value spectrum and thus the area of application of the spark plug can be achieved.
Die Erfindung geht von der Aufgabenstellung aus, eine Mittelelektrode für Zündkerzen von Brennkraftmaschinen zu schaffen, bei der die günstigen Eigenschaften der Silberummantelung eines Kerns aus einem gut wärmeleitendem unedlen metallenen Werkstoff voll ausgenutzt werden können, ohne daß im Bereich der Grenzschicht eine Oxidbildung bzw. die Bildung eines Eutektikums auftritt.The invention is based on the task of creating a center electrode for spark plugs of internal combustion engines, in which the favorable properties of the silver cladding of a core made of a highly thermally conductive base metal material can be fully utilized without the formation of an oxide or the formation of a eutectic in the area of the boundary layer.
Das Kennzeichnende der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, daß an der Grenzfläche zwischen Kernmaterial und Ummantelung mindestens eine sauerstoffundurchlässige und/oder die Bildung eines Eutektikums zwischen Kernmaterial und dem Material der Ummantelung verhindernde Trennschicht vorgesehen ist.The characteristic of the invention is to be seen in the fact that at the interface between the core material and the sheathing at least one oxygen-impermeable and / or the formation of a eutectic between the core material and the material of the sheathing is provided.
Obwohl bei manchen Werkstoffkombinationen die Bildung des Eutektikums gegenüber der Oxidbildung geringere Bedeutung besitzt und umgekehrt, so daß die Wirkung der Trennschicht auf die Vermeidung der Bildung eines Eutektikums bzw. auf die Unterbindung des Sauerstoffdurchtritts beschränkt werden kann, erscheint es in den meisten Fällen praktischer Anwendung erforderlich, sowohl die Oxidbildung im Bereich der Grenzschicht, als auch die Bildung eines Eutektikums durch eine gemeinsame oder mehrere kombinierte Trennschichten zu vermeiden. Die Trennschicht bzw.-Schichten, deren Dicke vorzugsweise unterhalb von 50 µm liegen kann, läßt sich dabei sowohl als Überzug des Kernmaterials, als auch als Auflage an der Innenseite der Ummantelung oder in beiderseitiger Anbringung vorsehen.Although in some material combinations the formation of the eutectic is of less importance than the formation of oxides and vice versa, so that the effect of the separating layer can be restricted to avoiding the formation of a eutectic or to preventing the passage of oxygen, in most cases it appears to be of practical use to avoid both the oxide formation in the area of the boundary layer and the formation of a eutectic by a common or several combined separating layers. The separating layer or layers, the thickness of which can preferably be less than 50 μm, can be provided both as a coating of the core material and as a support on the inside of the casing or in mutual attachment.
Durch diese Ausbildung einer oder mehrerer Trennschichten wird die Herstellung einer Kupfer-Silberverbundelektrode ermöglicht, wodurch gegenüber der bisher bekannten massiven Silbermittelelektrode eine Reduzierung des Edelmetalleinsatzes um wenigstens 50 % erreichbar ist.This formation of one or more separating layers enables the production of a copper-silver composite electrode, whereby a reduction in the use of noble metals by at least 50% can be achieved compared to the previously known solid silver center electrode.
Bevorzugt wird dabei als Kernmaterial Kupfer und als Material der Ummantelung Silber verwendet. Es sind jedoch gegebe nenfalls auch andere Kombinationen zwischen gut wärmeleitenden unedlen metallischen Werkstoffen bzw. Legierungen als Kernmaterial und Silber oder Silberlegierungen mit überwiegendem Silberanteil vorteilhaft verwendbar.Copper is preferably used as the core material and silver as the material of the cladding. However, there are If necessary, other combinations between highly thermally conductive base metallic materials or alloys as the core material and silver or silver alloys with a predominant proportion of silver can advantageously be used.
Zweckmäßig erscheint eine Ausbildung, bei der eine sauerstoffundurchlässige Trennschicht mit einer weiteren zweckmäßig unmittelbar auf die Kernoberfläche aufgebrachten Trennschicht zur Verhinderung der Bildung eines Eutektikums kombiniert ist.A design appears expedient in which an oxygen-impermeable separating layer is combined with a further separating layer suitably applied directly to the core surface in order to prevent the formation of a eutectic.
Die Silberummantelung der Elektrode kann gegebenenfalls vorteilhaft Legierungszusätze, z.B. aus Zinn oder Aluminium, enthalten, welche die Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit des Silbers herabsetzen. Bei genügender Wirksamkeit kann gegebenenfalls auf die Ausbildung einer speziellen Trennschicht, welche den Sauerstoffdurchtritt verhindert, verzichtet werden. Allerdings ergeben die meisten Silberlegierungen mit verminderter Sauerstofflöslichkeit auch eine verminderte Wärmeleitfähigkeit, wodurch der Einsatzbereich für den angegebenen Zweck eingeschränkt wird. Besonders vorteilhaft erscheint der Einsatz sauerstoffundurchlässiger Silberlegierungen mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit, vorzugsweise von AgSi-Legierungen mit einem Siliziumgehalt von 0,05 bis 0,3 Gew.%. Die Trennschicht zur Verhinderung der Bildung eines Eutektikums kann vorteilhaft aus Tantal, Eisen, Nickel bzw. Legierungen dieser Werkstoffe oder aus einer AgSn-Legierung bestehen.The silver sheathing of the electrode can optionally advantageously be alloy additives, e.g. made of tin or aluminum, which reduce the oxygen permeability of the silver. If there is sufficient effectiveness, it may be possible to dispense with the formation of a special separating layer which prevents the passage of oxygen. However, most silver alloys with reduced oxygen solubility also result in reduced thermal conductivity, which limits the area of application for the stated purpose. The use of oxygen-impermeable silver alloys with high thermal conductivity, preferably AgSi alloys with a silicon content of 0.05 to 0.3% by weight, appears to be particularly advantageous. The separating layer for preventing the formation of a eutectic can advantageously consist of tantalum, iron, nickel or alloys of these materials or of an AgSn alloy.
Eine zweckmäßige Ausführung kann vorsehen, daß an der Grenzfläche zwischen Kernmaterial und Ummantelung nur eine einzige sauerstoffundurchlässige und die Interdiffusion von Kernmaterial und Material der Ummantelung verhindernde Schicht angeordnet ist. Hierfür eignet sich vorzugsweise Platin.An expedient embodiment can provide that only a single layer which is impermeable to oxygen and which prevents the interdiffusion of core material and material of the casing is arranged at the interface between the core material and the casing. Platinum is preferably suitable for this.
Überraschend hat es sich gezeigt, daß auch AuNi-Legierungen als einzige Trennschicht zur Verhinderung des Sauerstoffdurchtritts und der Interdiffusion zwischen Kernmaterial und Ummantelung vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden können.Surprisingly, it has been shown that AuNi alloys can also be used advantageously as the only separating layer to prevent the passage of oxygen and the interdiffusion between the core material and the casing.
Durch die Anwendung der Merkmale der Erfindung wird eine Mittelelektrode für Zündkerzen geschaffen, in der eine die Zündspitze bildende Edelmetallummantelung aus Silber oder einer Legierung mit überwiegendem Silberanteil dauerhaft mit einem Kern aus unedlem Metall verbunden werden kann, ohne daß die Gefahr der Zerstörung im Bereich der Grenzschicht eintritt.By applying the features of the invention, a center electrode for spark plugs is created in which a noble metal sheath forming the ignition tip, made of silver or an alloy with a predominant silver content, can be permanently connected to a core made of base metal without the risk of destruction in the area of the boundary layer entry.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert, aus denen sich weitere Erfindungsmerkmale ergeben; es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht einer Zündkerze,
- Fig. 2 einen vergrößerten Längsschnitt durch die Zündspitze bei der Zündkerze nach Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 einen Schnitt wie in Fig. 2 bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform.
- 1 is a partially sectioned view of a spark plug,
- 2 shows an enlarged longitudinal section through the ignition tip in the spark plug according to FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3 shows a section as in Fig. 2 in an alternative embodiment.
In der Darstellung von Fig. 1 erkennt man eine Zündkerze, bei der in einen Isolierkörper 1 eine Mittelelektrode 2 eingesetzt ist. Der Isolierkörper 1 steht mit einem metallischen Einschraubteil 3 in Verbindung, welcher am vorderen Ende eines Gewindeabschnitts 4 eine Masseelektrode 5 aufweist.1 shows a spark plug in which a
Im Bereich der Zündspitze 6 der Mittelelektrode ist ein Kern 7 aus Kupfer, wie in Fig. 2 erkennbar, mit einer Edel metallummantelung 8 aus Silber, umkleidet. An der Grenzfläche zwischen dem Kupferkern 7 und der Silberummantelung 8 befindet sich als Trennschicht eine Platinschicht 9 von etwa 20 µm Dicke, die sowohl den Sauerstoffdurchtritt von der Silberummantelung nach dem Kernmaterial, als auch die Bildung eines Eutektikums zwischen dem Kernmaterial und dem Material der Ummantelung verhindert.In the area of the
Die Ummantelung des Kernmaterials kann in verschiedenen bekannten Bearbeitungsverfahren, beispielsweise durch Tiefziehen und gemeinsame Fließpreßumformung durchgeführt werden. Dabei können sich verschiedene Formgestaltungen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Kern und der Silberummantelung ergeben.The sheathing of the core material can be carried out in various known processing methods, for example by deep drawing and common extrusion molding. This can result in different shapes at the interface between the core and the silver coating.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausbildung, bei der sich die Silberummantelung von der Zündspitze aufwärts verjüngt, ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Diese Formgestaltung ergibt eine zusätzliche Einsparung des Edelmetalls.An advantageous embodiment in which the silver casing tapers upwards from the ignition tip is shown in FIG. 3. This shape design results in an additional saving of the precious metal.
Anstelle der gezeigten einen Trennschicht 9 können auch mehrere Trennschichten unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung angewendet werden.Instead of the one separating
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3918278 | 1989-06-05 | ||
DE3918278A DE3918278A1 (en) | 1989-06-05 | 1989-06-05 | MEDIUM ELECTRODE FOR SPARK PLUGS AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0401598A1 true EP0401598A1 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
EP0401598B1 EP0401598B1 (en) | 1992-10-28 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP90109777A Expired - Lifetime EP0401598B1 (en) | 1989-06-05 | 1990-05-23 | Centre electrode for sparking plugs of internal combustion engines |
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US (1) | US5107169A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0401598B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3918278A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0554792A2 (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-08-11 | BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG | Silver-nickel composite material for electrical contacts and electrodes |
EP0559438A2 (en) * | 1992-03-03 | 1993-09-08 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | A misfire detector device for use in an internal combustion engine |
WO2015090709A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Spark plug electrode and spark plug subject to less corrosive wear, and method for the production of a spark plug electrode |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2853111B2 (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1999-02-03 | 日本特殊陶業 株式会社 | Spark plug |
DE19845018C1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 1999-12-16 | Fein C & E | Powered screwdriver tool |
US9083156B2 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2015-07-14 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode core material for spark plugs |
DE102014109532B4 (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2020-04-23 | Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh | Corona ignition device |
JP7151350B2 (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2022-10-12 | 株式会社デンソー | spark plug for internal combustion engine |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE354850C (en) * | 1922-06-16 | Jan Pieter Reijnhout | Process for increasing the service life of electrodes for spark plugs in internal combustion engines | |
US2783409A (en) * | 1952-03-31 | 1957-02-26 | Gen Motors Corp | Spark plug electrode and process for making same |
DE3730627A1 (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1988-03-24 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | MIDDLE ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT FOR A SPARK PLUG |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1515866A (en) * | 1922-06-24 | 1924-11-18 | Lena J Marten | Spark plug |
US2321840A (en) * | 1942-01-23 | 1943-06-15 | Gen Motors Corp | Spark plug and method of making same |
JPS48103445A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1973-12-25 |
-
1989
- 1989-06-05 DE DE3918278A patent/DE3918278A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-05-23 EP EP90109777A patent/EP0401598B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-23 DE DE9090109777T patent/DE59000401D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-30 US US07/530,664 patent/US5107169A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE354850C (en) * | 1922-06-16 | Jan Pieter Reijnhout | Process for increasing the service life of electrodes for spark plugs in internal combustion engines | |
US2783409A (en) * | 1952-03-31 | 1957-02-26 | Gen Motors Corp | Spark plug electrode and process for making same |
DE3730627A1 (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1988-03-24 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | MIDDLE ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT FOR A SPARK PLUG |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0554792A2 (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-08-11 | BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG | Silver-nickel composite material for electrical contacts and electrodes |
EP0554792A3 (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-11-24 | Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A | Silver-nickel composite material for electrical contacts and electrodes |
US5500304A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1996-03-19 | Beru Ruprecht Gmbh & Co. Kg | Silver-nickel composite material for electrical contacts and electrodes |
EP0559438A2 (en) * | 1992-03-03 | 1993-09-08 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | A misfire detector device for use in an internal combustion engine |
EP0559438A3 (en) * | 1992-03-03 | 1995-04-19 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | |
WO2015090709A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Spark plug electrode and spark plug subject to less corrosive wear, and method for the production of a spark plug electrode |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0401598B1 (en) | 1992-10-28 |
US5107169A (en) | 1992-04-21 |
DE59000401D1 (en) | 1992-12-03 |
DE3918278A1 (en) | 1990-12-06 |
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