EP0398458A2 - Developing station for a laser printer - Google Patents

Developing station for a laser printer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0398458A2
EP0398458A2 EP90250123A EP90250123A EP0398458A2 EP 0398458 A2 EP0398458 A2 EP 0398458A2 EP 90250123 A EP90250123 A EP 90250123A EP 90250123 A EP90250123 A EP 90250123A EP 0398458 A2 EP0398458 A2 EP 0398458A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toner
shaft
refill
developer station
laser printer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90250123A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0398458A3 (en
EP0398458B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Wilcke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Berolina Schriftbild Wilcke Wolff Busch and Partner KG
Original Assignee
Berolina Schriftbild Wilcke Wolff Busch and Partner KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Berolina Schriftbild Wilcke Wolff Busch and Partner KG filed Critical Berolina Schriftbild Wilcke Wolff Busch and Partner KG
Publication of EP0398458A2 publication Critical patent/EP0398458A2/en
Publication of EP0398458A3 publication Critical patent/EP0398458A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0398458B1 publication Critical patent/EP0398458B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0894—Reconditioning of the developer unit, i.e. reusing or recycling parts of the unit, e.g. resealing of the unit before refilling with toner
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/0848—Arrangements for testing or measuring developer properties or quality, e.g. charge, size, flowability
    • G03G15/0849—Detection or control means for the developer concentration
    • G03G15/0855—Detection or control means for the developer concentration the concentration being measured by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/0865—Arrangements for supplying new developer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/0865—Arrangements for supplying new developer
    • G03G15/0875—Arrangements for supplying new developer cartridges having a box like shape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00987—Remanufacturing, i.e. reusing or recycling parts of the image forming apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exchangeable developer station for a laser printer with an elongated toner tank, a shaft arranged above the toner tank and a toner discharge roller upstream of the toner outlet opening of the toner tank.
  • the shaft serves to receive a cartridge for refilling the toner tank.
  • the shaft serves to receive a cartridge for refilling the toner tank.
  • At the lower end of the shaft for the toner refill cartridge there is a circumferential seal against which an edge of the toner refill cartridge sealed on the underside by a pull-off film can be placed, in order to prevent toner from escaping not only during refilling, but also during operation of the developer station , ie the toner refill cartridge fulfills the function of a lid during operation of the developer station, which is disproportionately bulky in view of the fact that the volumes of the toner container and the toner cartridge must be practically the same size.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a developer station of the type under consideration, in which on the one hand the number of refill intervals to min at least half is reduced and there is no environmental impact from toner refill cartridges.
  • This object is achieved in that the upper end of the shaft is firmly closed by a lid and one of the end walls of the sealed shaft increasing the toner holding capacity of the station is provided with a closable toner refill opening.
  • the advantages of the developer station according to the invention are obvious. Since the entire shaft volume can be used as an additional toner tank, its filling volume is significantly increased, ie more than doubled in practice. With the doubling of the toner tank volume, the number of refill intervals is halved. There is no need for expensive and bulky refill cartridges that pollute the environment, but refill is possible from large containers.
  • the above advantages could be countered by the fact that they would have to be bought by reducing the convenience of refilling, but this argument would be a pseudo-argument because it is based on the erroneous assumption that the refill must be carried out by the user himself.
  • 1 is the toner container of a developer station for a commercially available laser printer.
  • a rectangular shaft 2 is arranged above the toner container 1, which is open in the known developer station and serves to guide and hold a toner refill cartridge, the filling volume of which essentially corresponds to the filling volume of the toner container 1.
  • the shaft 2 is firmly closed at the top by a cap-shaped cover 3, and its volume, like the contents of the cover, can therefore also be used to hold toner.
  • an end wall 4 of the shaft 2 is provided with a toner refill opening 6 which can be closed by a stopper 5. All known and suitable jointing, in particular adhesive or welding, methods can be used to connect the mutually facing edges of the shaft 2 and the cover 3.
  • the outlet opening of the toner container 1 is preceded by a discharge roller 7, for the drive of which a gear wheel 8 is used, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a further gear wheel, which drives a drive wheel 10 for an agitator shaft arranged inside the toner container 1 via an intermediate wheel 9.

Abstract

In order to reduce environmental damage by toner refill cartridges constructed as disposable articles, it is proposed, in a developer station which is provided by the manufacturer with a shaft (2) to receive toner refill cartridges, to use said shaft (2) as an additional tank closed off by a lid (3), it being possible to refill said tank via a refill opening (6).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine austauschbare Entwickler­station für einen Laserdrucker mit einem länglichen Tonertank, einem oberhalb des Tonertanks angeordneten Schacht und einer der Tonerauslaßöffnung des Tonertanks vorgelagerten Toneraustragwalze.The invention relates to an exchangeable developer station for a laser printer with an elongated toner tank, a shaft arranged above the toner tank and a toner discharge roller upstream of the toner outlet opening of the toner tank.

Bei einer bekannten Entwicklerstation der vorstehenden Art dient der Schacht zur Aufnahme einer Kartusche zum Nachfüllen des Tonertanks. Am unteren Ende des Schachtes für die Tonernachfüllkartusche ist eine umlaufende Dich­tung angeordnet, gegen die sich ein Rand der an ihrer Unterseite durch eine Abziehfolie verschlossenen Toner­nachfüllkartusche anlegen kann, um ein Entweichen von Toner nicht nur beim Nachfüllen, sondern auch während des Betriebes der Entwicklerstation zu verhindern, d.h. die Tonernachfüllkartusche erfüllt während des Betriebes der Entwicklerstation die Funktion eines Deckels, der im Hinblick darauf, daß die Volumina von Tonerbehälter und Tonerkartusche praktisch gleich groß sein müssen, aller­dings unverhältnismäßig sperrig ist. Da immer dann, wenn der Tonerbehälter leer ist, eine "alte" Tonernachfüllkar­tusche gegen eine "neue" Tonernachfüllkartusche ausge­tauscht werden muß und die Tonernachfüllkartuschen als Wegwerfkartuschen ausgebildet sind, ist nicht nur ein verhältnismäßig häufiges Wechseln von Tonernachfüllkar­tuschen erforderlich, sondern letztere belasten als Abfall auch die Umwelt.In a known developer station of the above type, the shaft serves to receive a cartridge for refilling the toner tank. At the lower end of the shaft for the toner refill cartridge there is a circumferential seal against which an edge of the toner refill cartridge sealed on the underside by a pull-off film can be placed, in order to prevent toner from escaping not only during refilling, but also during operation of the developer station , ie the toner refill cartridge fulfills the function of a lid during operation of the developer station, which is disproportionately bulky in view of the fact that the volumes of the toner container and the toner cartridge must be practically the same size. Since whenever the toner container is empty, an "old" toner refill cartridge must be exchanged for a "new" toner refill cartridge and the toner refill cartridges are designed as disposable cartridges, not only a relatively frequent change of toner refill cartridges is necessary, but the latter also pollute as waste Environment.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Entwick­lerstation der in Betracht gezogenen Art zu schaffen, bei der einerseits die Zahl der Nachfüllintervalle auf min­ destens die Hälfte reduziert ist und bei der eine Umwelt­belastung durch Tonernachfüllkartuschen entfällt. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das obe­re Ende des Schachtes durch einen Deckel fest verschlos­sen ist und eine der Stirnwände des die Toneraufnahmeka­pazität der Station erhöhenden, abgedichteten Schachtes mit einer verschließbaren Tonernachfüllöffnung versehen ist.The invention has for its object to provide a developer station of the type under consideration, in which on the one hand the number of refill intervals to min at least half is reduced and there is no environmental impact from toner refill cartridges. This object is achieved in that the upper end of the shaft is firmly closed by a lid and one of the end walls of the sealed shaft increasing the toner holding capacity of the station is provided with a closable toner refill opening.

Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Entwicklerstation lie­gen auf der Hand. Da das gesamte Schachtvolumen als zu­sätzlicher Tonertank genutzt werden kann, ist dessen Füllvolumen deutlich vergrößert, d.h. in der Praxis mehr als verdoppelt. Mit der Verdoppelung des Tonertankvolu­mens geht die Halbierung der Zahl der Nachfüllintervalle einher. Auf teuere und sperrige, die Umwelt belastende Nachfüllkartuschen kann verzichtet werden, das Nachfül­len ist vielmehr aus Großgebinden möglich. Den vorstehen­den Vorteilen könnte entgegengehalten werden, daß sie durch eine Minderung des Nachfüllkomforts erkauft werden müßten, dieses Argument wäre indessen ein Scheinargument, weil es von der irrigen Annahme ausginge, daß das Nach­füllen vom Benutzer selbst vorgenommen werden muß. Eine solche Annahme erwiese sich in einer modernen Dienstlei­stungsgesellschaft indes als abwegig, der Benutzer hat es vielmehr in der Hand, die gesamte Entwicklerstation im Rahmen eines Austauschprogramms einem Dritten zum Nach­füllen zu überlassen, und dies mit dem zusätzlichen Vor­teil, daß der Nachfüller gleichzeitig eventuell erforder­liche Wartungsarbeiten an der Entwicklerstation durch­führen kann, um auch deren Gebrauchsdauer im Sinne einer Minderung der Umweltbelastung zu erhöhen.The advantages of the developer station according to the invention are obvious. Since the entire shaft volume can be used as an additional toner tank, its filling volume is significantly increased, ie more than doubled in practice. With the doubling of the toner tank volume, the number of refill intervals is halved. There is no need for expensive and bulky refill cartridges that pollute the environment, but refill is possible from large containers. The above advantages could be countered by the fact that they would have to be bought by reducing the convenience of refilling, but this argument would be a pseudo-argument because it is based on the erroneous assumption that the refill must be carried out by the user himself. Such an assumption, however, has proven to be wrong in a modern service company, the user rather has it in his hand to leave the entire developer station to a third party for refilling as part of an exchange program, and this with the additional advantage that the refill may also require any maintenance work can carry out at the developer station in order to also increase their service life in the sense of reducing the environmental impact.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines in der bei­gefügten Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

In der Zeichnung ist 1 der Tonerbehälter einer Entwick­lerstation für einen marktgängigen Laserdrucker. Ober­halb des Tonerbehälters 1 ist ein rechteckiger Schacht 2 angeordnet, der bei der bekannten Entwicklerstation offen ist und zur Führung und Aufnahme einer Tonernachfüllkar­tusche dient, deren Füllvolumen im wesentlichen dem Füll­volumen des Tonerbehälters 1 entspricht. Bei der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Entwicklerstation ist der Schacht 2 oben fest durch einen kappenförmig ausgebildeten Deckel 3 verschlossen, sein Volumen kann mithin ebenso wie der Deckelinhalt zusätzlich zur Aufnahme von Toner genutzt werden. Um ein Nachfüllen mit Toner zu ermöglichen, ist eine Stirnwand 4 des Schachtes 2 mit einer durch einen Stopfen 5 verschließbaren Tonernachfüllöffnung 6 versehen. Zum Verbinden der einander zugewandten Ränder des Schach­tes 2 und des Deckels 3 können alle bekannten und geeigne­ten Fuge-, insbesondere Klebe- oder Schweißverfahren ge­nutzt werden.In the drawing, 1 is the toner container of a developer station for a commercially available laser printer. A rectangular shaft 2 is arranged above the toner container 1, which is open in the known developer station and serves to guide and hold a toner refill cartridge, the filling volume of which essentially corresponds to the filling volume of the toner container 1. In the developer station shown in the drawing, the shaft 2 is firmly closed at the top by a cap-shaped cover 3, and its volume, like the contents of the cover, can therefore also be used to hold toner. To enable refilling with toner, an end wall 4 of the shaft 2 is provided with a toner refill opening 6 which can be closed by a stopper 5. All known and suitable jointing, in particular adhesive or welding, methods can be used to connect the mutually facing edges of the shaft 2 and the cover 3.

Der Auslaßöffnung des Tonerbehälters 1 ist eine Austrag­walze 7 vorgelagert, zu deren Antrieb ein Zahnrad 8 dient, das drehfest mit einem weiteren Zahnrad verbunden ist, welches über ein Zwischenrad 9 ein Antriebsrad 10 für eine im Innern des Tonerbehälters 1 angeordnete Rührwerkswelle antreibt.The outlet opening of the toner container 1 is preceded by a discharge roller 7, for the drive of which a gear wheel 8 is used, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a further gear wheel, which drives a drive wheel 10 for an agitator shaft arranged inside the toner container 1 via an intermediate wheel 9.

Claims (3)

1. Austauschbare Entwicklerstation für einen Laser­drucker mit einem länglichen Tonertank, einem oberhalb des Tonertanks angeordneten Schacht (2) und einer der Tonerauslaßöffnung des Tonertanks vorgelagerten Toneraustragwalze (7), dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß das obere Ende des Schachtes (2) durch einen Deckel (3) fest verschlossen ist und eine Stirnwand (4) des die Toneraufnahmekapazität der Station erhöhenden, abgedichteten Schachtes (2) mit einer verschließbaren Tonernachfüllöffnung (6) versehen ist.1. Replaceable developer station for a laser printer with an elongated toner tank, a shaft (2) arranged above the toner tank and a toner discharge roller (7) upstream of the toner outlet opening of the toner tank, characterized in that the upper end of the shaft (2) is covered by a cover (3 ) is firmly closed and an end wall (4) of the sealed shaft (2) which increases the toner holding capacity of the station is provided with a closable toner refill opening (6). 2. Entwicklerstation nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß zum Verschließen der Tonernachfüll­öffnung (6) ein Stopfen (5) dient.2. Developer station according to claim 1, characterized in that a plug (5) is used to close the toner refill opening (6). 3. Entwicklerstation nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Deckel (3) kappenförmig aus­gebildet ist.3. Developer station according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cover (3) is cap-shaped.
EP90250123A 1989-05-18 1990-05-11 Developing station for a laser printer Expired - Lifetime EP0398458B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3916377 1989-05-18
DE3916377A DE3916377C2 (en) 1989-05-18 1989-05-18 Method for redesigning a developer station for laser printers

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0398458A2 true EP0398458A2 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0398458A3 EP0398458A3 (en) 1991-08-14
EP0398458B1 EP0398458B1 (en) 1994-10-19

Family

ID=6381001

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90250123A Expired - Lifetime EP0398458B1 (en) 1989-05-18 1990-05-11 Developing station for a laser printer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5185616A (en)
EP (1) EP0398458B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE113128T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3916377C2 (en)
DK (1) DK0398458T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2065474T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0849641A1 (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-24 Lexmark International, Inc. Toner cartridge

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9309693U1 (en) * 1993-06-30 1994-01-27 Stollewerk Dieter Toner cartridge for printer or copier
US5426493A (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-06-20 National Laser Technologies, Inc. Removable lid apparatus for toner cartridge and method of use
US5594535A (en) * 1995-11-07 1997-01-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Refillable toner cartridge
US5887232A (en) * 1995-12-08 1999-03-23 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus for dispensing toner in an electrophotographic printing system
US6246848B1 (en) 1996-09-11 2001-06-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Toner Container cap, toner container, and process cartridge
US5729795A (en) * 1996-09-19 1998-03-17 Genicom Corporation Reconditioning of electrostatographic cartridges
JP3545919B2 (en) * 1996-10-22 2004-07-21 株式会社リコー Toner supply container, image forming apparatus, and method of recycling and using parts constituting toner supply container
JP3530740B2 (en) * 1997-05-14 2004-05-24 キヤノン株式会社 Sealing member removal tool and sealing member removal method
US6229976B1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2001-05-08 Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha Exchangeable toner cartridge having an auger and a regulation member
FR2809663A1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2001-12-07 Fabrication & Recyclage De Con Method of refilling toner in laser printer cartridge by introducing dose of toner into longitudinal compartment through replenishment opening and putting back plug in place into replenishment opening
FR2809830B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2003-03-28 Fabrication & Recyclage Consom PROCESS FOR RECYCLING A LASER CARTRIDGE
US7561834B2 (en) * 2006-08-16 2009-07-14 Xerox Corporation Developer dispense for enhanced stability in xerographic printing systems
JP6394351B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2018-09-26 株式会社リコー Powder container and image forming apparatus

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3428587A1 (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-02-21 Hitachi Metals, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo DEVELOPMENT DEVICE
US4607939A (en) * 1983-09-22 1986-08-26 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Removable developing unit for an electrostatic recording apparatus
EP0238939A1 (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-09-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for transferring toner from a transport cartridge into a toner hopper
DE8711120U1 (en) * 1987-08-13 1987-10-01 Unkrodt, Oliver, 1000 Berlin, De
EP0276192A1 (en) * 1987-01-16 1988-07-27 berolina Schriftbild, Wilcke, Wolff, Busch & Partner KG Method of making throw-away-process-kits for photocopying apparatuses and laser printers reusable
US4816877A (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-03-28 Fred Keen Refillable toner cartridge and method of manufacture thereof

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4607938A (en) * 1983-04-26 1986-08-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for forming a thin layer of developer
DE3633606A1 (en) * 1986-10-02 1988-04-14 Siemens Ag MULTIFUNCTIONAL TONER CONTAINER FOR NON-MECHANICAL PRINTING AND COPYING MACHINES

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3428587A1 (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-02-21 Hitachi Metals, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo DEVELOPMENT DEVICE
US4607939A (en) * 1983-09-22 1986-08-26 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Removable developing unit for an electrostatic recording apparatus
EP0238939A1 (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-09-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for transferring toner from a transport cartridge into a toner hopper
EP0276192A1 (en) * 1987-01-16 1988-07-27 berolina Schriftbild, Wilcke, Wolff, Busch & Partner KG Method of making throw-away-process-kits for photocopying apparatuses and laser printers reusable
DE8711120U1 (en) * 1987-08-13 1987-10-01 Unkrodt, Oliver, 1000 Berlin, De
US4816877A (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-03-28 Fred Keen Refillable toner cartridge and method of manufacture thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0849641A1 (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-24 Lexmark International, Inc. Toner cartridge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0398458A3 (en) 1991-08-14
ES2065474T3 (en) 1995-02-16
ATE113128T1 (en) 1994-11-15
DE3916377A1 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0398458B1 (en) 1994-10-19
DE59007480D1 (en) 1994-11-24
US5185616A (en) 1993-02-09
DK0398458T3 (en) 1995-02-27
DE3916377C2 (en) 1994-06-30

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