EP0395511A1 - Device for fixing an ignition coil, particularly for internal combustion engines for motor vehicles - Google Patents
Device for fixing an ignition coil, particularly for internal combustion engines for motor vehicles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0395511A1 EP0395511A1 EP90401128A EP90401128A EP0395511A1 EP 0395511 A1 EP0395511 A1 EP 0395511A1 EP 90401128 A EP90401128 A EP 90401128A EP 90401128 A EP90401128 A EP 90401128A EP 0395511 A1 EP0395511 A1 EP 0395511A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ignition coil
- coil
- fixing
- housing
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/06—Mounting, supporting or suspending transformers, reactors or choke coils not being of the signal type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/12—Ignition, e.g. for IC engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multiple ignition coil, in particular for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, an ignition coil of the closed magnetic circuit type, comprising a central core around which the primary and secondary windings are disposed, said magnetic circuit being integrated in a molded plastic case.
- the magnetic flux return circuit is integrated into the housing by overmolding and constitutes, as it were, the metal frame of the latter.
- the fixing of such an assembly must therefore be particularly effective and solid so as to be able to withstand all the forces to which the coil is subjected in a vehicle.
- Such a type of attachment consists in providing holes in the magnetic flux return circuit in which the fixing screws are engaged.
- this system has several drawbacks: on the one hand, it requires machining of the magnetic flux return circuit and venting part of it, which inevitably causes its oxidation; on the other hand, this attachment forming an integral part of the metal frame of the coil has no flexibility capable of absorbing the significant vibrations to which such an assembly is inevitably subjected in a vehicle in operation, hence a non-negligible risk of breakage of the fixing screws.
- the present invention makes it possible to solve these problems by proposing a fixing system having both a sufficient mechanical solidity to resist the tearing forces and a certain flexibility to absorb as much as possible the effects due to vibrations.
- the multiple ignition coil of the kind defined above, is characterized in that the means for fixing the coil consist of metal cores separated from the metal frame of the body and in that they are held by overmolding in appendages of the housing.
- the metal cores consist of metal inserts whose cylindrical central part is knurled and whose ends are frustoconical.
- the metal inserts are cylindrical and have in their middle part an annular groove.
- the single plate is an exploded view of the various constituents making up the double ignition coil according to the invention.
- the single plate represents an exploded view of the various elements of an ignition coil 1 for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
- Each magnetic circuit is closed and has a primary winding 2 wound around a reel 3.
- a central magnetic core 4 of rectangular outline and generally composed of cut and laminated magnetic sheets is housed inside the reel 3.
- the secondary assembly S is held in lift on and around the primary assembly P.
- each of these terminals is intended to be connected in a conventional manner, by an appropriate cable, to a spark plug associated with each cylinder of the engine.
- Each high-voltage terminal B1, B2, B3, B4 comprises a high-voltage pad 30 which is fixed by screwing in a connection plate 28, previously inserted in a groove 26 of the coil 5. On one end of this connection plate 28 , we just weld the end of the secondary winding.
- the low-voltage connection is effected by a connection assembly consisting of a precut link bar 61 which is inserted into a connector 60.
- the primary P and secondary S assemblies being assembled one inside the other, the two magnetic circuits M1 and M2 thus formed are introduced into the housing 7 of a housing 8 made of insulating material.
- a magnetic flux return circuit 9 the general U shape of which can be seen, consisting of cut and laminated magnetic sheets, is incorporated by molding in the housing 8.
- the magnetic flux return circuits 9 constitute the metal frame of the housing 8.
- the inserts 13 constitute metal cores completely mechanically separated from the metal frame of the housing 8.
- these cores or inserts 13 comprise a cylindrical central part 15 which is knurled and frustoconical ends 14 a , 14 b . Knurling allows better attachment of the insulating material of the housing 8 during overmolding.
- the frustoconical ends 14 a, 14 b allow for immobilization in translation of said cores 13.
- the cores or inserts 13 ′ have a generally cylindrical shape 15 ′ in which an annular groove 14 ′ is formed for attaching the material of the insulating housing 8 during overmolding.
- the appendices 11 of the housing 8 being mechanically independent of the rigid part of the housing 8, the means for fixing the coil, thus constituted according to the invention, naturally have a certain flexibility mechanical allowing them to absorb the effects of vibrations without risk of damaging the assembly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention est relative à une bobine multiple d'allumage, en particulier pour moteur à combustion interne de véhicule automobile, bobine d'allumage du type à circuit magnétique fermé, comportant un noyau central autour duquel sont disposés les enroulements primaire et secondaire, ledit circuit magnétique étant intégré dans un boîtier moulé en matière plastique. Le circuit magnétique de retour de flux est intégré au boîtier par surmoulage et constitue, en quelque sorte, l'armature métallique de celui-ci.The invention relates to a multiple ignition coil, in particular for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, an ignition coil of the closed magnetic circuit type, comprising a central core around which the primary and secondary windings are disposed, said magnetic circuit being integrated in a molded plastic case. The magnetic flux return circuit is integrated into the housing by overmolding and constitutes, as it were, the metal frame of the latter.
L'un des problèmes à résoudre dans un tel type de bobine réside dans son mode de fixation sur le véhicule.One of the problems to be solved in such a type of coil lies in its method of attachment to the vehicle.
En effet, cette bobine qui permet d'alimenter un nombre plus élevé de bougies d'allumage correspondant à autant de cylindres du moteur comporte au moins deux ensembles magnétiques complets logés dans un même boîtier et, par conséquent, atteint un poids non négligeable, poids dû en particulier aux noyaux magnétiques primaires et aux circuits magnétiques de retour de flux réalisés par un empilage de tôles magnétiques découpées et feuilletées.Indeed, this coil which makes it possible to supply a higher number of spark plugs corresponding to as many engine cylinders comprises at least two complete magnetic assemblies housed in the same housing and, consequently, reaches a non-negligible weight, weight due in particular to the primary magnetic cores and to the magnetic flux return circuits produced by a stack of cut and laminated magnetic sheets.
La fixation d'un tel ensemble doit donc être particulièrement efficace et solide de manière à pouvoir résister à tous les efforts auxquels est soumise la bobine dans un véhicule.The fixing of such an assembly must therefore be particularly effective and solid so as to be able to withstand all the forces to which the coil is subjected in a vehicle.
Un tel type de fixation, décrit dans le brevet américain 47 63 094, consiste à ménager dans le circuit magnétique de retour de flux des trous dans lesquels viennent s'engager les vis de fixation.Such a type of attachment, described in American patent 47 63 094, consists in providing holes in the magnetic flux return circuit in which the fixing screws are engaged.
Ce système présente toutefois plusieurs inconvénients : d'une part, il nécessite un usinage du circuit magnétique de retour de flux et une mise à l'air libre d'une partie de celui-ci, ce qui provoque inévitablement son oxydation ; d'autre part, cette fixation faisant partie intégrante de l'armature métallique de la bobine ne possède aucune souplesse propre à absorber les vibrations importantes auxquelles est inévitablement soumis un tel ensemble dans un véhicule en fonctionnement, d'où un risque non négligeable de cassure des vis de fixation.However, this system has several drawbacks: on the one hand, it requires machining of the magnetic flux return circuit and venting part of it, which inevitably causes its oxidation; on the other hand, this attachment forming an integral part of the metal frame of the coil has no flexibility capable of absorbing the significant vibrations to which such an assembly is inevitably subjected in a vehicle in operation, hence a non-negligible risk of breakage of the fixing screws.
La présente invention permet de résoudre ces problèmes en proposant un système de fixation présentant à la fois une solidité mécanique suffisante pour résister aux efforts d'arrachement et une certaine souplesse pour absorber au maximum les effets dus aux vibrations.The present invention makes it possible to solve these problems by proposing a fixing system having both a sufficient mechanical solidity to resist the tearing forces and a certain flexibility to absorb as much as possible the effects due to vibrations.
A cet effet, selon l'invention, la bobine multiple d'allumage, du genre défini ci-dessus, est caractérisée en ce que les moyens pour fixer la bobine sont constitués de noyaux métalliques séparés de l'armature métallique du corps et en ce qu'ils sont maintenus par surmoulage dans des appendices du boîtier.To this end, according to the invention, the multiple ignition coil, of the kind defined above, is characterized in that the means for fixing the coil consist of metal cores separated from the metal frame of the body and in that they are held by overmolding in appendages of the housing.
Selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, les noyaux métalliques sont constitués d'inserts métalliques dont la partie centrale cylindrique est moletée et dont les extrémités sont tronconiques.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the metal cores consist of metal inserts whose cylindrical central part is knurled and whose ends are frustoconical.
Selon une seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention, les inserts métalliques sont cylindriques et comportent dans leur partie médiane une gorge annulaire.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the metal inserts are cylindrical and have in their middle part an annular groove.
La description qui va suivre, en regard des dessins annexés, fera mieux comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée.The description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, will make it easier to understand how the invention can be implemented.
La planche unique est une vue éclatée des différents constituants composant la bobine double d'allumage selon l'invention.The single plate is an exploded view of the various constituents making up the double ignition coil according to the invention.
La planche unique représente une vue éclatée des différents éléments d'une bobine d'allumage 1 pour moteur à combustion interne de véhicule automobile.The single plate represents an exploded view of the various elements of an ignition coil 1 for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
Il s'agit, dans l'exemple représenté, d'une bobine permettant d'alimenter les 4 bougies correspondant aux 4 cylindres du moteur.It is, in the example shown, a coil for supplying the 4 spark plugs corresponding to the 4 cylinders of the engine.
C'est donc une bobine double comprenant deux circuits magnétiques séparés identiques M1 et M2.It is therefore a double coil comprising two identical separate magnetic circuits M1 and M2.
Chaque circuit magnétique est fermé et comporte un enroulement primaire 2 bobiné autour d'un bobineau 3. Un noyau central magnétique 4 de contour rectangulaire et composé généralement de tôles magnétiques découpées et feuilletées est logé à l'intérieur du bobineau 3.Each magnetic circuit is closed and has a primary winding 2 wound around a reel 3. A central magnetic core 4 of rectangular outline and generally composed of cut and laminated magnetic sheets is housed inside the reel 3.
Autour de cet ensemble, que nous appellerons ensemble primaire P, est disposé un bobineau 5 autour duquel est bobiné un enroulement secondaire 6, et que nous appellerons ensemble secondaire S.Around this assembly, which we will call primary assembly P, is disposed a coil 5 around which is wound a
L'ensemble secondaire S est maintenu en sustentation sur et autour de l'ensemble primaire P.The secondary assembly S is held in lift on and around the primary assembly P.
Sur les ensembles secondaires S sont disposées 4 bornes de sortie B1,B2,B3,B4. Chacune de ces bornes est destinée à être reliée de manière classique, par un câble approprié, à une bougie d'allumage associée à chaque cylindre du moteur.On the secondary assemblies S are arranged 4 output terminals B1, B2, B3, B4. Each of these terminals is intended to be connected in a conventional manner, by an appropriate cable, to a spark plug associated with each cylinder of the engine.
Chaque borne haute-tension B1,B2,B3,B4 comporte un plot haute-tension 30 venant se fixer par vissage dans une plaquette de liaison 28, préalablement insérée dans une rainure 26 du bobineau 5. Sur une extrémité de cette plaquette de liaison 28, on vient souder l'extrémité du bobinage secondaire. La liaison basse-tension s'effectue par un ensemble de connexion constitué d'une barrette de liaison 61 prédécoupée que l'on insère dans un connecteur 60.Each high-voltage terminal B1, B2, B3, B4 comprises a high-
Les ensembles primaire P et secondaire S étant assemblés les uns dans les autres, les deux circuits magnétiques M1 et M2 ainsi constitués sont introduits dans le logement 7 d'un boîtier 8 réalisé en matière isolante.The primary P and secondary S assemblies being assembled one inside the other, the two magnetic circuits M1 and M2 thus formed are introduced into the
Pour chaque ensemble magnétique M1,M2, un circuit magnétique de retour de flux 9, dont on voit la forme générale en U, constitué de tôles magnétiques découpées et feuilletées, est incorporé par moulage au boîtier 8.For each magnetic assembly M1, M2, a magnetic flux return circuit 9, the general U shape of which can be seen, consisting of cut and laminated magnetic sheets, is incorporated by molding in the housing 8.
Après moulage, seules apparaissent les surfaces rectangulaires 10 en vis-à-vis de chaque noyau magnétique 4 de l'ensemble primaire P.After molding, only the
Ainsi, les circuits magnétiques de retour de flux 9 constituent l'armature métallique du boîtier 8.Thus, the magnetic flux return circuits 9 constitute the metal frame of the housing 8.
Venant de moulage avec le boîtier 8, se trouvent à l'extérieur de celui-ci 4 appendices 11 reliés par des nervures 12 au boitier 8. Dans ces appendices 11 viennent prendre place des inserts métalliques 13, l'ensemble constituant les moyens de fixation de l'ensemble bobine sur le véhicule.Coming from molding with the casing 8, there are outside of it 4
Selon l'invention, les inserts 13 constituent des noyaux métalliques complétement séparés mécaniquement de l'armature métallique du boîtier 8.According to the invention, the
Selon une première forme de réalisation, ces noyaux ou inserts 13 comportent une partie centrale cylindrique 15 qui est moletée et des extrémités tronconiques 14a,14b. Le moletage permet un meilleur accrochage de la matière isolante du boîtier 8 lors du surmoulage. Les extrémités tronconiques 14a,14b permettent une immobilisation en translation desdits noyaux 13.According to a first embodiment, these cores or
Selon une seconde forme de réalisation, les noyaux ou inserts 13′ présentent une forme générale cylindrique 15′ dans laquelle est ménagée une gorge annulaire 14′ pour accrochage de la matière du boîtier isolant 8 lors du surmoulage.According to a second embodiment, the cores or
Ainsi, on réalise des moyens pour fixer la bobine double d'allumage 1 ayant une rigidité mécanique suffisante pour encaisser les efforts d'arrachement grâce aux dimensions suffisantes données aux noyaux métalliques 13.Thus, means are provided for fixing the double ignition coil 1 having sufficient mechanical rigidity to absorb the tearing forces thanks to the sufficient dimensions given to the
Les appendices 11 du boîtier 8 étant indépendants mécaniquement de la partie rigide du boîtier 8, les moyens pour fixer la bobine, ainsi constitués selon l'invention, ont naturellement une certaine souplesse mécanique leur permettant d'encaisser les effets des vibrations sans risque de détérioration de l'ensemble.The
L'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté et pourra donner lieu à toutes modifications désirables, sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention.The invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown and may give rise to any desirable modifications, without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8905640 | 1989-04-28 | ||
FR8905640A FR2646549B1 (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1989-04-28 | DEVICE FOR FIXING AN IGNITION COIL, PARTICULARLY FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0395511A1 true EP0395511A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
EP0395511B1 EP0395511B1 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
Family
ID=9381218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90401128A Expired - Lifetime EP0395511B1 (en) | 1989-04-28 | 1990-04-25 | Device for fixing an ignition coil, particularly for internal combustion engines for motor vehicles |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5032814A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0395511B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH03129713A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69010267T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2058838T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2646549B1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993013533A1 (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-07-08 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Ignition coil assembly and method of manufacture thereof |
US5295861A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1994-03-22 | Ford Motor Company | Connector for ignition coil assembly |
WO1995000961A1 (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1995-01-05 | Ford Motor Company | Ignition coil assembly |
FR2716238A1 (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-08-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ignition coil for an internal combustion engine having a main core surrounded by a reflux core. |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR0184869B1 (en) | 1989-12-06 | 1999-05-15 | 위르겐 호이만 | 1,4-disubstituted-2,6-difluorobenzene compounds and liquid crystal media |
US5257611A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-11-02 | Ford Motor Company | Ignition coil assembly and method of manufacture thereof |
US5444427A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1995-08-22 | Toyo Denso Kabushiki Kaisha | Ignition coil device for engine |
JP3188962B2 (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 2001-07-16 | 東洋電装株式会社 | Engine ignition coil device |
DE69414862T2 (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1999-04-29 | Ford-Werke Ag, 50735 Koeln | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A IGNITION COIL ARRANGEMENT |
US6118362A (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 2000-09-12 | Sundstrand Corporation | Integrated inductive assembly |
US6894597B2 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2005-05-17 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Axially potted progressive wound remote mount ignition coil |
JP6585411B2 (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2019-10-02 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | Inductor |
JP6585412B2 (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2019-10-02 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | Inductor |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB610241A (en) * | 1946-04-02 | 1948-10-13 | Andrew Bryce & Company Ltd W | Improvements in and relating to cased transformers, chokes and the like |
FR1256436A (en) * | 1960-05-06 | 1961-03-17 | Philips Nv | Improvements to transformers embedded in an insulating material |
DE3636938A1 (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1988-05-11 | Thomson Cgr | HEATING CONVERTER FOR A X-RAY GENERATOR |
GB2199700A (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1988-07-13 | Nippon Denso Co | Ignition coil assembly for internal combustion engines |
FR2619164A1 (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1989-02-10 | Equip Electr Moteur | IGNITION COIL, PARTICULARLY FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND HEAT DISSIPATING ELEMENT FOR SUCH A COIL |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3400870A1 (en) * | 1984-01-12 | 1985-07-25 | Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | INDUCTIVE |
-
1989
- 1989-04-28 FR FR8905640A patent/FR2646549B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-04-18 US US07/510,822 patent/US5032814A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-25 EP EP90401128A patent/EP0395511B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-25 ES ES90401128T patent/ES2058838T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-25 DE DE69010267T patent/DE69010267T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-27 JP JP2110661A patent/JPH03129713A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB610241A (en) * | 1946-04-02 | 1948-10-13 | Andrew Bryce & Company Ltd W | Improvements in and relating to cased transformers, chokes and the like |
FR1256436A (en) * | 1960-05-06 | 1961-03-17 | Philips Nv | Improvements to transformers embedded in an insulating material |
DE3636938A1 (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1988-05-11 | Thomson Cgr | HEATING CONVERTER FOR A X-RAY GENERATOR |
GB2199700A (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1988-07-13 | Nippon Denso Co | Ignition coil assembly for internal combustion engines |
FR2619164A1 (en) * | 1987-08-06 | 1989-02-10 | Equip Electr Moteur | IGNITION COIL, PARTICULARLY FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND HEAT DISSIPATING ELEMENT FOR SUCH A COIL |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993013533A1 (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-07-08 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Ignition coil assembly and method of manufacture thereof |
US5295861A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1994-03-22 | Ford Motor Company | Connector for ignition coil assembly |
WO1995000961A1 (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1995-01-05 | Ford Motor Company | Ignition coil assembly |
FR2716238A1 (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-08-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ignition coil for an internal combustion engine having a main core surrounded by a reflux core. |
US5497756A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1996-03-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ignition coil for an internal combustion engine |
ES2116876A1 (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1998-07-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ignition coil for an internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2646549A1 (en) | 1990-11-02 |
DE69010267T2 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
DE69010267D1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
ES2058838T3 (en) | 1994-11-01 |
EP0395511B1 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
US5032814A (en) | 1991-07-16 |
FR2646549B1 (en) | 1993-01-08 |
JPH03129713A (en) | 1991-06-03 |
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Legal Events
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