EP0389605A1 - Ventilation method - Google Patents
Ventilation methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP0389605A1 EP0389605A1 EP19890910451 EP89910451A EP0389605A1 EP 0389605 A1 EP0389605 A1 EP 0389605A1 EP 19890910451 EP19890910451 EP 19890910451 EP 89910451 A EP89910451 A EP 89910451A EP 0389605 A1 EP0389605 A1 EP 0389605A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- zone
- intake
- space
- stay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
- F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
- F24F7/08—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air with provisions for reversal of the input and output systems
Definitions
- the invention concerns a ventilation method for spaces with mechanical air-conditioning, wherein air is blown into, and removed out of, the air-conditioned space. Ventilation is used for the supply of clean air into the breathing zone, where the people stay, and, in a corre ⁇ sponding way for removing contaminated air out of the same space. -jQ It is required that the operation of the ventilation is such that a per-son who stays in the air-conditioned space does not have a dis ⁇ agreeable sensation, such as draught, because of the air-conditioning. Moreover, the temperature in the space must be such that a pleasant atmosphere is obtained in view of the purpose of use of the space.
- the mixing ventilation method along with the intake air, a large 5 secondary flow of air is induced, and the air in the whole space is mixed so that the heat generated by the sources of heat and the amount of contaminations generated by the sources of contaminations are mixed in the air volume of the whole space.
- the whole space there are a uniform temperature and a uniform concentra- 0 tion of contaminations.
- the zone of stay there is the same temperature and the same concentration of contaminations as in the exhaust air.
- the intake air is brought 5 straight into the zone of stay without mixing the intake air and the room air with each other. Thereby distinct vertical distributions of temperature and concentration are formed in the room space.
- the air in the zone of stay can be made clean.
- the flows coming from the sources of contamination or from the sources of heat can rise to the ceiling zone. Owing to the scarce mixing of the air, the temperature of the air at the level of the intake-air member is
- the fresh air is blown out of the intake-air device vertically from the top downwards.
- the boundary layer cannot sink into the zone of stay of the space to be air-conditioned, which is the case when the displacement ventilation method is employed.
- the method in accordance with the invention is mainly characterized 25 in that in the method intake air is passed into the zone of stay from outside the zone of stay, advantageously by means of an air distributor device placed above said zone of stay, so that the intake- air flow does not substantially prevent or disturb the carriage of contaminated convection flows into the zone for gathering of con- 30 taminations in the room space and so that, when the convection flows formed in the room space increase, i.e. when the boundary layer of contaminations sinks to a lower level, an increasing proportion of the warm air in the zone for gathering of contaminations is induced as secondary air into the intake-air flow so that a sinking of the 35 boundary layer of contaminations to an excessively low level is prevented.
- FIG. 1 is a schematical illustration of the ventilation method in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates the relative temperature at different points of the room height with different ventilation methods.
- Figure 3 illustrates the relative concentration of contaminations with different ventilation methods at different points of room height.
- Figure 4 shows a more detailed comparison of the concentrations of contaminations when the ventilation method of the invention and the displacement ventilation method are used. hat is shown is the con ⁇ centration of contaminations at different points of room height..
- Figure 5 is a more detailed illustration of the distribution of temperature in the room space when the method of the invention and the displacement ventilation method are used.
- the horizontal axis represents the temperature "
- the vertical axis the room height.
- Figures 6A to 6C show the measurement curves from a comparison of three different ventilation methods.
- Fig. 6A shows measurement results related to mixing ventilation.
- Fig. 6B shows measurement results related to the displacement ventilation method, and
- Fig. 6C shows measurement results related to the method in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 7 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the method in accord ⁇ ance with the invention.
- Fig. l is a schematical illustration of the ventilation method in accordance with the invention.
- Air is brought vertically from the top downwards out of an intake- air device 10. From the intake-air device 10 the air is discharged into the room space H to be air-conditioned as a primary air flow, i.e. as an intake-air jet 11.
- the intake-air jet 11 operates as an inducing air jet and draws along a secondary air flow from the proximity of the boundary layer R of contaminations, advantageously from above said layer.
- the secondary air flow 12 and the primary air flow, i.e. the intake-air flow 11, are mixed together, and the overall air flow 13 is carried into the space H to be air-conditioned, e.g. into a room, into its zone of stay H ⁇ _.
- a layer of contaminations is formed, whose concentration of con ⁇ taminations differs radically from the concentration of contaminations present in the rest of the room space.
- the lower part of said layer K of contaminations, wherein the concentration of contaminations is increased in the space to be air-conditioned abruptly, is, in the present patent application, called the boundary layer R of contami ⁇ nations. Said boundary layer R can be observed clearly either by means of measurements and/or visually.
- Air is removed from above the boundary layer R of contaminations into an exhaust-air duct 14.
- the exhaust-air flow is denoted with the arrow 15.
- the room space may comprise several sources of contaminations or convective sources of heat 16.
- the contami ⁇ nations-air flow or the convection-air flow out of said source is carried upwards in the air space H, and said flow is denoted with the arrows 17.
- Air is removed out of the space H either directly out of the convection flow 17 and/or out of the contaminations layer K in the space H.
- Fig. 2 shows the relative distribution of temperature as a function of the height of the room space.
- the curve f ⁇ denotes the displace ⁇ ment ventilation method
- the curve f2 denotes the mixing ventilation method
- the curve f3 denotes the ventilation method of the present, invention.
- the horizontal axis represents the relative temperature
- the vertical axis the room height. From the graph it is seen that in the displacement ventilation the difference in temperature between the lower part of the room space and the boundary layer R of contaminations, occurring in the displacement ventilation, is high.
- the distribution temperature in the room space is by and large invariable (curve 2 .
- the concentration of contaminations is the concentration of the marker gas 1 ⁇ 0, which is passed to above convec- tive sources of heat.
- corresponding con ⁇ centrations of contaminations consist of any detrimental and removable contaminations that are carried along with air, such as carbon dioxide (CO2 in respiration air, tobacco smoke, etc.
- Fig. 3 shows the curves of comparison f ⁇ _, f2, f3.
- the curve f ⁇ relates to displacement ventilation
- the graph f2 relates to mixing venti ⁇ lation
- the curve f3 relates to the method of the invention.
- the horizontal system of coordinates represents the relative con ⁇ centration of contaminations
- the vertical system of coordinates represents the height of the room space. From the figure it can be seen that in displacement ventilation and in the down-blow method in accordance with the present invention there is a steep increase in the concentration of contaminations at a certain level in the room space. Thus, in said methods, there is a boundary layer R of con ⁇ taminations.
- Fig. 4 is a more detailed view of the curves of comparison when the method of the invention and the displacement ventilation method are used.
- the method of the invention is represented by the curves al,a2,a3 drawn in solid lines.
- the pairs of values related to the displacement ventilation are illustrated by means of dashed lines as the curves bl,b2,b3.
- the measurement points in the graph illustrating the method of the invention are denoted with Bal,Ba2,Ba3, and the corresponding points in the displacement ventilation method are denoted with Bbl,Bb2,Bb3.
- the curves al.bl illustrate a case in which the intake-air flow and the exhaust-air flow are sufficient in view of a convection flow.
- the boundary layer R of contaminations is placed above the zone of stay H ⁇ in the space H to be air-conditioned, e.g. a room space, and remains in a stable position.
- the boundary layer R When the convection air flows are increased in relation to other air flows, the boundary layer R still remains at the same level when the method of the invention is employed. Said situation is illustrated by the curve a2. In said case the concentration of contaminations becomes somewhat higher in the zone of stay. In a corresponding situation with the displacement ventilation method, the boundary layer tends to be lowered to the zone of stay H ] _. Said stage is illustrated by the curves b2 and b3. Thereby the concentration of contaminations in the breathing air is increased abruptly.
- the curves a3 and b3 illustrate a stage in which the convention air flow or the air flow coming from sources of contaminations have increased further.
- Fig. 5 illustrates a corresponding comparison of the down-blow method of the invention and the displacement ventilation method by means of curves of temperature.
- the horizontal axis represents the temperature
- the vertical axis the height level in the room.
- the difference in temperature between the lower part of the room and the upper part of the zone of stay H ⁇ is considerably higher in the displacement ventilation method than when the method of the invention is used.
- the difference in temperature between the boundary layer R and the floor level in the room is D ] _ when the method of the invention is employed and D2 when the displacement ventilation method is used. From the curves in the figure it is seen that D2 is considerably higher than D j _.
- the location of the boundary layer is determined so that it is at the level of, or above, the location of the intake-air device.
- the air flows i.e. the intake-air flows and the exhaust-air flows as well as the convection-air flows mentioned above, together with the generation of contaminations, determine the concentration of contaminations that is reached in the space to be air-conditioned.
- the boundary layer of contaminations attempts to sink to a level lower than the level of installation of the intake-air device, the concentration of contaminations in the intake-air jet is in ⁇ creased.
- An increased secondary air flow from the boundary layer again raises the level of the boundary layer R, and in this way the boundary layer is adjusted to the level of the intake-air device.
- the boundary layer cannot be formed below the level of the intake-air device, but the method attempts to raise the boundary layer to above the level of installation of the intake-air device.
- fresh air is introduced into the room space by blowing it at a low velocity from above into the zone of stay in the intake air; secondary air flow is mixed into the primary air flow as a 0.1...10-fold, most advantageously as a 0.1...3- fold quantity in relation to the volumetric flow of air in the primary air flow 11, whereby a substantially invariable temperature is pro ⁇ symbolized in the air in the zone of stay.
- air is removed at the proximity of the ceiling or from a location where the concentration of contaminations in the air is highest.
- the location of the intake-air device 10 is chosen so that rising of the so-called convection flows and of contaminations carried along with them into the zone of exhaust air to the proximity of the exhaust-air duct is not prevented.
- Advantageous locations are occasional zones of stay, such as halls, corridors, areas at the side of walls, in front of doors.
- the ven ⁇ tilation method of the invention is used most advantageously in spaces where there are heat loads of low surface temperature, such as people.
- Advantageous objects of use of the method of the invention are lodging premises, office premises, dwellings, classrooms, con ⁇ ference rooms and nursing premises.
- passenger cabins are advan ⁇ tageous objects of use for the ventilation method of the invention.
- the level of the intake-air device measured from the floor, i.e. the installation height, is determined at the same level as the desired lowest allowed level of the boundary layer R of contaminations.
- Figures 6A to 6C are more detailed graphs of comparison illustrating the air-flow method and based on laboratory measurements.
- Fig. 6A relates to the mixing ventilation method and illustrates the distribu ⁇ tion of temperature in a room space and the distribution of concentra- tion of contaminations in a room space.
- Fig. 6B relates to the dis ⁇ placement ventilation and illustrates the distribution of tempera ⁇ ture in a room space and the distribution of concentration of con ⁇ taminations in a room space, and
- Fig. 6C relates to the down-blow method in accordance with the invention and illustrates the distribu- tion of temperature in a room space and the distribution of concentra- tion of contaminations in a room space.
- Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the invention wherein the zone K of gathering of contaminations placed above the zone of stay 20 is separated from the upper part of the zone 19 of temporary stay by means of a wall 18 extending downwards from the ceiling.
- a wall 18 By means of the wall 18, mixing of the most contaminated air in the upper part of the zone K for gathering of contaminations as a secondary air flow 12 into the intake-air jet 11 blown out of the intake-air device 10 i s restricted.
- air is introduced out of the intake-air device 10 placed in the zone 19 of temporary stay, and air is removed out of the layer K of contaminations placed above the zone 20 of stay proper through an exhaust-air duct 14 placed in the ceiling.
- the air flow that is removed is denoted with the arrows 15 in Fig. 7.
- the convection flows are denoted with the arrows 17 in Fig. 7.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé de ventilation dans lequel de l'air d'aspiration isotherme ou à température inférieure est amené dans l'espace (H) à climatiser à partir d'un ou de plusieurs dispositifs (10) d'aspiration d'air, et dans lequel l'air contenu dans l'espace (H) à climatiser est éliminé de la zone (K) afin de regrouper les souillures se trouvant dans l'espace à climatiser et/ou directement des écoulements (17) d'air de convection contenant des souillures. Selon le procédé on fait passer de l'air d'aspiration dans la zone de séjour provenant de l'extérieur de ladite zone de séjour, avantageusement au moyen d'un dispositif d'aspiration d'air placé au-dessus de ladite zone de séjour, de sorte que l'écoulement d'air d'aspiration n'empêche ou ne perturbe pas le transport d'écoulemens (17) de convection souillés dans la zone (K) afin de regrouper les souillures dans l'espace (H) de la pièce. Lorsque les écoulements de convection formés dans l'espace (H) dela pièce augmentent, c'est-à-dire lorsque la couche de limite de souillures chute à un niveau inférieur, une proportion croissante de l'air chaud se trouvant dans la zone afin de regrouper les souillures est induite comme air secondaire dans l'écoulement d'air d'aspiration de sorte que l'on empêche une chute de la couche de limite de souillures à un niveau excessivement bas.The invention relates to a ventilation method in which isothermal or lower temperature suction air is brought into the space (H) to be conditioned from one or more air suction devices (10). air, and in which the air contained in the space (H) to be conditioned is eliminated from the zone (K) in order to regroup the stains being in the space to be conditioned and / or directly from the flows (17) of convection air containing stains. According to the method, suction air is passed into the living area coming from outside of said living area, advantageously by means of an air suction device placed above said stay, so that the suction air flow does not prevent or disturb the transport of contaminated convection flows (17) in the area (K) in order to group the soils in space (H) of the room. When the convection flows formed in the space (H) of the room increase, that is to say when the soil boundary layer drops to a lower level, an increasing proportion of the hot air being in the area in order to consolidate the soil is induced as secondary air in the suction air flow so that a fall of the soil boundary layer is prevented to an excessively low level.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI884383A FI81901B (en) | 1988-09-23 | 1988-09-23 | VENTILATIONSFOERFARANDE. |
FI884383 | 1988-09-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0389605A1 true EP0389605A1 (en) | 1990-10-03 |
Family
ID=8527083
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19890910451 Withdrawn EP0389605A1 (en) | 1988-09-23 | 1989-09-25 | Ventilation method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0389605A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI81901B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990003540A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010044590B4 (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2022-04-21 | H. Lüdi + Co. Ag | Arrangement for ventilating a room, in particular a laboratory room, and using an air supply duct |
JP6186680B2 (en) * | 2012-08-11 | 2017-08-30 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Smoke air conditioning system |
JP7332290B2 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2023-08-23 | 高砂熱学工業株式会社 | Clean room system and air exhaust method |
CN113669866A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-19 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control method of air conditioner and air conditioner |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE370274B (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1974-10-07 | Rinipa Ab |
-
1988
- 1988-09-23 FI FI884383A patent/FI81901B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1989
- 1989-09-25 EP EP19890910451 patent/EP0389605A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-25 WO PCT/FI1989/000178 patent/WO1990003540A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9003540A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI884383A0 (en) | 1988-09-23 |
WO1990003540A1 (en) | 1990-04-05 |
FI884383A (en) | 1990-03-24 |
FI81901B (en) | 1990-08-31 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900524 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: AALTO, ERKKI Inventor name: ASIKAINEN, ERKKI Inventor name: LAURIKAINEN, JOUNI Inventor name: PELLINEN, TEUVO |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19911023 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19920303 |