EP0388498B1 - Hydraulic valve system for a pile driver hammer - Google Patents

Hydraulic valve system for a pile driver hammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0388498B1
EP0388498B1 EP19890105202 EP89105202A EP0388498B1 EP 0388498 B1 EP0388498 B1 EP 0388498B1 EP 19890105202 EP19890105202 EP 19890105202 EP 89105202 A EP89105202 A EP 89105202A EP 0388498 B1 EP0388498 B1 EP 0388498B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
valve
combination according
hydraulic
hydraulic valve
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP19890105202
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0388498A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Kühn
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Menck GmbH
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Menck GmbH
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Priority to DE8989105202T priority Critical patent/DE58903827D1/en
Priority to EP19890105202 priority patent/EP0388498B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/14Control devices for the reciprocating piston
    • B25D9/145Control devices for the reciprocating piston for hydraulically actuated hammers having an accumulator
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/10Power-driven drivers with pressure-actuated hammer, i.e. the pressure fluid acting directly on the hammer structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic valve combination, in particular for controlling a piston-cylinder unit for free-fall hammers with a control valve which switches a hydraulic actuating element which actuates the main valve, the actuating element and the main valve being designed as a common axially displaceable control slide.
  • Such a hydraulic valve combination is known from GB-A-20 69 034.
  • the control housing is arranged on one end of the piston-cylinder unit and closes it.
  • the axially displaceable control slide has the same diameter as the piston of the piston-cylinder unit and interacts with corresponding bores in the pressure medium cylinder so that the pressure medium supply and the pressure medium return are switched accordingly.
  • the control slide is designed at one end as a piston which is located in a cylindrical space of the control housing and is acted upon with pressure medium via bores in such a way that it moves the control slide axially.
  • the pressure medium supply lines for actuating the control piston can be switched electrically by means of a solenoid valve.
  • a disadvantage of the known prior art is that the known hydraulic valve combination has to be specially adapted to the respective cylinder diameter, because the spool moves in the cylinder. As a result, it is not possible to achieve quantities that reduce the manufacturing effort.
  • control slide has a disadvantageously high mass, which affects the quick switchability of the valve.
  • the actuators grow with the size of the device because more pressure medium quantities have to be left through the control valves at a given flow rate, which inevitably requires larger cross sections and more travel and thus a more voluminous design. In any case, with increasing Unit size to move larger masses on longer paths against larger actuating forces.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic valve combination which operates in a particularly delay-free manner and which, moreover, is easy to maintain, works reliably, can be used for different circuits and reduces the number of parts. In particular, it should offer the possibility of operating the pile driver with free-falling as well as with accelerated impact mass.
  • the hydraulic valve combination has the features of claim 1.
  • the design according to the invention advantageously keeps the moving masses low, so that the hydraulic valve combination switches particularly quickly.
  • control slide is designed as a sleeve and is arranged displaceably on a shaft which has a fixed connection to a flange plate closing the control housing, makes maintenance of the hydraulic valve combination easier.
  • the rapid interchangeability required for large devices is given in that the control slide guided and fastened on the central shaft of a flange plate can be easily removed together with this plate as a complete unit, so that downtimes can be kept to a minimum .
  • control slide is not in any phase of the lifting and Falling movement of the falling body or the working piston with these parts in contact, so that especially the rebound forces acting violently during the impact phase cannot act on the falling weight.
  • control slide unit including the control valve
  • the entire control slide unit is designed as a complete installation element and can therefore be tested for function beforehand by installing it in a small test housing without great effort.
  • the different circuit options are particularly advantageous, so that the impact mass can be operated with little effort both in free fall and with accelerated fall.
  • Circumferential edges have not been shown in all the figures in order to keep the figures manageable.
  • Fig. 1 the drop weight 1, which is only partially shown, is connected via a piston rod 2 to a piston 4 located in a piston-cylinder unit 3.
  • pressure medium is guided under the piston 4 into the space 5.
  • the pressure medium is introduced by the pump 6 via the line 7, the connecting line 8 of the device in an annular channel 9 and the line 10 into the annular space 11, which surrounds the pressure medium cylinder 3, and passed through connection bores 12 into the space 5.
  • the space 5 is thus in constant communication with the pump 6.
  • the space 13 above the working piston 4 is connected to the pressure medium container 20 via the line 14 and the connecting bores 15 in the control slide 16, an annular channel 17 and the device connecting line 18 and the return line 19.
  • control slide 16 bears firmly against the stop 21. It closes the annular channel 9 with its circumferential surface and thus does not allow pressure medium to enter the space 13.
  • the control slide 16 is guided on a central shaft 22 which is connected to a flange plate.
  • control slide 16 and the shaft 22 form two separate annular spaces 23 and 24, which are connected via lines 25 and 26 to an electro-magnetic valve 27.
  • the electro-magnetic valve 27 connects via these lines 25 and 26, depending on its switching position, the annular spaces 23 and 24 via lines 28 and 29 either via the pressure medium supply lines 10, 9, 8, 7 with the pump 6 or via the Pressure medium return lines 17, 18 and 19 with the pressure medium container 20.
  • the lines 25 and 26 and the lines 28 and 29 are only short due to the overall design and their cross section in relation to the small annular spaces 23 and 24 to be filled or emptied Large cross-section so that the filling or emptying quantities flow without significant back pressure losses and time delays and can move the control slide 16 quickly into the desired position.
  • the control slide 16 is designed as a thin, low-mass pipe section with a concentrically placed ring, the diameter of which results from the cross section of many connecting bores 15 arranged on the circumference, which is required for the flow. Due to this low-mass design, the control slide 16 can be accelerated quickly, that is, switched quickly, by means of already comparatively low actuating forces in the annular space 23 and 24.
  • control slide 16 is in its second switching position. It rests against stop 30. In this switching position, the space 13 is connected to the pump 6 via the line 14, the ring channel 9, the connecting line 8 and the line 7. At the same time, the pressure medium continues to be supplied to the space 5 under the working piston 4 via the line 10, as described under FIG. 1.
  • the additional line 32 with ring channel 33 and the additional line 34 are also in connection with ring channel 33 in FIG. 2 in the control housing 31.
  • the line 34 is closed by the screw plug 36, so that no leakage oil can escape to the outside can.
  • a screw plug 37 with a sealing cone 38 is also provided, with which the line 28 can be shut off from the solenoid valve 27.
  • control housing 31 can be used universally as described below in FIG. 3.
  • a control slide 16a is installed in the control housing 31 described in Fig. 2, which has an annular recess on its outer circumference.
  • a line 40 is connected to the line 34, which leads to the line 7 and connects to the pump 6.
  • the locking screw 36 closes the connecting line 8 here.
  • the control slide 16a is located at the stop 21 and thus assumes the switching position in this figure as in FIG Falling weight 1 pressure medium from the pump 6 via the line 7 is now passed into the connecting line 40, the annular recess 39, the line 10, the annular space 11 and the connecting bores 12 into the space 5.
  • the space 13 above the working piston 4 is connected via the line 14, the connection bores 15 in the control slide 16a and via the connecting line 18 to the return line 19 and thus to the pressure medium discharge with the pressure medium container 20.
  • the line 28 is closed by the sealing cone 38 of the screw plug 37.
  • the electromagnetic solenoid valve 27 is now connected via line 32 to the annular space 39 and thus continuously to the pump 6.
  • control slide 16a is in its second switching position corresponding to FIG. 2.
  • the control slide 16a now no longer connects the space 13 above the working piston 4 to the pump 6 because the line 8 passes through the valve 50 to the pump is closed, but rooms 5 and 13 are only connected via line 10, as in FIG. 2.
  • pump 6 delivers pressure medium via line 41 into memory 42.
  • the piston rod 2 is passed through the space 13 and its cover 43 in the same diameter or with a slightly larger or slightly smaller diameter, corresponds to that displaced from the space 5
  • Quantity of pressure medium exactly the amount taken up in space 13 or there is an excess that has to be drained off to the tank or collected in a store, or there is a shortage, for example each must be supplemented from memory.
  • the latter applies if the piston rod 2 is not continued above the working piston 4, so that there is a considerable volume unevenness between the rooms 5 and 13.
  • the volume compensation required in each case can be created by switching the valve 50 accordingly, so that missing or excess pressure medium can be conveyed out of or into the reservoir via line 40.
  • an electro-magnetic valve 44 is alternatively provided, which closes the line 28, and which opens if necessary to connect the line 28 via the line 45 to the valve 27.
  • an electro-magnetic valve 50 has been alternatively arranged, which the line 8th closes and continues to connect line 34 to pump 6 via lines 40 and 7 as in FIG. 3.
  • valves 44 and 50 are coupled to each other in their actuation, the operation can be changed from the accelerated to the unaccelerated falling weight mode, that is to the free fall mode, and vice versa during operation.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hydraulikventilkombination, insbesondere zur Ansteuerung einer Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit für Freifallhämmer mit einem Ansteuerventil, das ein hydraulisches Betätigungsorgan schaltet, welches das Hauptventil betätigt, wobei das Betätigungsorgan und das Hauptventil als ein gemeinsamer axial verschieblicher Steuerschieber ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a hydraulic valve combination, in particular for controlling a piston-cylinder unit for free-fall hammers with a control valve which switches a hydraulic actuating element which actuates the main valve, the actuating element and the main valve being designed as a common axially displaceable control slide.

Eine solche Hydraulikventilkombination ist aus der GB-A-20 69 034 bekannt. Das Steuergehäuse ist auf einem Ende der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit angeordnet und verschließt diese. Der axial verschiebbare Steuerschieber hat den gleichen Durchmesser wie der Kolben der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit und wirkt mit entsprechenden Bohrungen im Druckmittelzylinder so zusammen, daß die Druckmittelzufuhr und der Druckmittelrücklauf entsprechend geschaltet wird.Such a hydraulic valve combination is known from GB-A-20 69 034. The control housing is arranged on one end of the piston-cylinder unit and closes it. The axially displaceable control slide has the same diameter as the piston of the piston-cylinder unit and interacts with corresponding bores in the pressure medium cylinder so that the pressure medium supply and the pressure medium return are switched accordingly.

Der Steuerschieber ist an einem Ende als Kolben ausgebildet, der sich in einem zylindrischen Raum des Steuergehäuses befindet und über Bohrungen so mit Druckmittel beaufschlagt wird, daß er den Steuerschieber axial bewegt.The control slide is designed at one end as a piston which is located in a cylindrical space of the control housing and is acted upon with pressure medium via bores in such a way that it moves the control slide axially.

Die Druckmittelzuleitungen zur Betätigung des Steuerkolbens sind elektrisch mittels eines Magnetventils schaltbar.The pressure medium supply lines for actuating the control piston can be switched electrically by means of a solenoid valve.

Nachteilig an dem bekannten Stand der Technik ist, daß die bekannte Hydraulikventilkombination speziell an den jeweiligen Zylinderdurchmesser angepaßt werden muß, da sich der Steuerschieber im Zylinder bewegt. Dadurch sind keine den Fertigungsaufwand reduzierende Stückzahlen erreichbar.A disadvantage of the known prior art is that the known hydraulic valve combination has to be specially adapted to the respective cylinder diameter, because the spool moves in the cylinder. As a result, it is not possible to achieve quantities that reduce the manufacturing effort.

Darüber hinaus weist der Steuerschieber eine nachteilig hohe Masse auf, die die schnelle Schaltbarkeit des Ventils beeinträchtig.In addition, the control slide has a disadvantageously high mass, which affects the quick switchability of the valve.

Außerdem wird der Kraftfluß beim Anheben der Schlagmasse über das Steuerventilgehäuse geleitet, so daß das Ventilgehäuse entsprechend stark dimensioniert werden muß. Da auch Verbindungselemente und Dichtungen des Steuerventils im Kraftfluß liegen, ist die Dichtheit des Steuerventils durch rauhe Betriebsbedingungen gefährdet.In addition, the flow of force when the impact mass is raised is passed through the control valve housing, so that the valve housing must be dimensioned accordingly strong. Since connecting elements and seals of the control valve are in the power flow, the tightness of the control valve is endangered by rough operating conditions.

Schließlich ist der Wartungsaufwand nachteilig dadurch erhöht, daß zur Zerlegung des Steuerventils die gesamte Zylindereinheit demontiert werden muß.Finally, the maintenance effort is disadvantageously increased in that the entire cylinder unit has to be dismantled in order to disassemble the control valve.

Durch die fortschreitenden Verbesserungen in der Computer-Technik, sowohl von der Leistungsfähigkeit als auch von den inzwischen handlichen Baugrößen bzw. Baukomponenten her, wird es zunehmend interessanter, auch Rammgeräte vollkommen rechnergesteuert in selbsttätiger Anpassung and die gegebenen Betriebsverhältnisse arbeiten zu lassen und zur Kontrolle und späteren Auswertung die Betriebsdaten elektronisch zu speichern und/oder per Drucker auszudrucken.Due to the progressive improvements in computer technology, both in terms of performance and the now manageable sizes and components, it is becoming more and more interesting to let piling equipment work completely computer-controlled in an automatic adaptation to the given operating conditions and for control and later Evaluation to store the operating data electronically and / or to print them out using a printer.

Während die Übermittlung der Signale und deren Verarbeitung im Rechnet zu Steuerungsbefehlen, die den Steuerungsvorgang einleiten, sehr schnell vonstatten gehen, erfolgt die Ausführung der Steuerungsvorgänge im Vergleich dazu sehr langsam. Die Folge ist, daß das Fallgewicht nach Einleitung des Steuervorganges noch ungewollt lange eine Bewegung in die nicht mehr gewünschte Richtung ausführt. Im oberen Umkehrpunkt des Fallgewichtes ergeben sich somit erhebliche Überlaufwege, die je nach der Aufwärtsgeschwindigkeit auch unterschiedlich sind, was ständige Regel- und Anpassungsvorgänge erfordert. Ebenso muß zur Umkehrbewegung des Fallgewichts nach dem Rammschlag lange vor dem Aufschlag der Druckmittelfluß umgesteuert werden, d.h. wenn das Fallgewicht sich noch relativ weit über dem Aufschlagpunkt in Abwärtsbewegung befindet. Dies erfordert z.B., je nachdem, ob das Fallgewicht aus großer Höhe sehr schnell oder aus ganz niedriger Höhe langsam fällt, Anpassungsmaßnahmen bezüglich des richtigen Umsteuerzeitpunktes. Es kann auch zur Einschränkung des minimalen Hubes führen, weil dieser bereits in die notwendige Vorsteuerstrecke für die großen Fallgeschwindigkeiten bei den hohen Hüben fällt.While the transmission of the signals and their processing in the computer for control commands that initiate the control process take place very quickly go, the execution of the control processes is very slow in comparison. The result is that the drop weight continues to move for an unintentionally long time in the direction no longer desired after the control process has been initiated. In the upper reversal point of the drop weight, there are considerable overflow paths, which also differ depending on the upward speed, which requires constant control and adjustment processes. Likewise, the pressure medium flow must be reversed long before the impact in order to reverse the falling weight after the ram impact, ie if the falling weight is still relatively far above the impact point in the downward movement. Depending on whether the falling weight falls very quickly from a high height or slowly from a very low height, this requires, for example, adaptation measures with regard to the correct changeover time. It can also lead to a restriction of the minimum stroke, because this already falls into the necessary pilot control route for the high falling speeds at the high strokes.

Diese negativen Erscheinungen werden um so erheblicher, je größer die Geräte werden. Je größer die zu steuernden Geräte sind, desto größer sind auch die erforderlichen Stellkräfte für die den Steuerungsvorgang ausführenden Stellorgane. Die Stellorgane wachsen nämlich mit der Gerätegröße, weil mehr Druckmittelmengen durch die Steuerventile bei einer vorgegebenen Flußgeschwindigkeit gelassen werden müssen, was zwangsläufig größere Querschnitte und mehr Stellweg und somit eine voluminösere Bauweise erfordert. Auf jeden Fall sind mit zunehmender Gerätegröße größere Massen auf längeren Wegen gegen größere Stellkräfte zu bewegen.The larger the devices, the more significant these negative phenomena become. The larger the devices to be controlled, the greater are the actuating forces required for the actuators performing the control process. The actuators grow with the size of the device because more pressure medium quantities have to be left through the control valves at a given flow rate, which inevitably requires larger cross sections and more travel and thus a more voluminous design. In any case, with increasing Unit size to move larger masses on longer paths against larger actuating forces.

In einigen Fällen ist es möglich, anstelle von immer größeren, mehrere kleinere Stellorgane zur Ausführung der Steuerungsvorgänge zu wählen. Dies hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß die Zahl der potentiellen Stör- und Ausfallmöglichkeiten vervielfacht wird und das Gerät anfälliger wird, was sich besonders nachteilig bei den durch Erschütterungen hoch beanspruchten Rammgeräten auswirkt.In some cases it is possible to select several smaller actuators instead of larger and larger ones to carry out the control processes. However, this has the disadvantage that the number of potential malfunctions and failures is multiplied and the device becomes more susceptible, which has a particularly disadvantageous effect on the piling equipment which is highly stressed by vibrations.

Ein weiteres Problem bei der Steuerung von Rammgeräten besteht darin, daß es bisher nicht gelungen ist, eine Steuerung zu konzipieren, die sowohl das Gerät dahingehend steuert, daß es alternativ mit einem beschleunigten, aber auch mit einem unbeschleunigten Fallgewicht, also im Freifall arbeiten kann. D.h., daß die Kolbenoberfläche des Druckmittelkolbens zum Heben des Fallgewichts im ersten Falle durch unter Druck stehendem Druckmittel nach unten beschleunigt wird oder im anderen Falle nur durch druckloses Druckmittel beaufschlagt wird, wobei keine beschleunigende Kraft entsteht.Another problem with the control of pile drivers is that it has so far not been possible to design a controller that controls both the device in such a way that it can alternatively work with an accelerated but also with an unaccelerated drop weight, i.e. in free fall. That is, the piston surface of the pressure medium piston for lifting the falling weight is accelerated downward in the first case by pressurized pressure medium or in the other case is only acted upon by pressureless pressure medium, with no accelerating force being generated.

Aus diesem Grunde bestehen Geräte mit beschleunigtem und unbeschleunigtem Fallgewicht nebeneinander und werden entsprechend ihrer Anwendungsvorzüge verschieden eingesetzt.For this reason, devices with accelerated and unaccelerated falling weight coexist and are used differently according to their application advantages.

Es wäre von erheblichem Vorteil, wenn mit nur einem Gerät beide Anwendungsvorteile bewirkt werden könnten, weil für die ganze Anwendungsbreite dann nur ein Gerät vorgehalten zu werden braucht.It would be of considerable advantage if both application advantages could be achieved with just one device, because only one device then needs to be kept available for the entire range of applications.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine besonders verzögerungsfrei arbeitende Hydraulikventilkombination anzugeben, die darüber hinaus leicht zu warten ist, betriebssicher arbeitet, für unterschiedliche Schaltungen einsetzbar ist und die Teilevielfalt verringert. Insbesondere soll sie die Möglichkeit bieten, das Rammgerät mit frei fallender als auch mit beschleunigter Schlagmasse zu betreiben.The object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic valve combination which operates in a particularly delay-free manner and which, moreover, is easy to maintain, works reliably, can be used for different circuits and reduces the number of parts. In particular, it should offer the possibility of operating the pile driver with free-falling as well as with accelerated impact mass.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe weist die Hydraulikventilkombination die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 auf.To achieve the object, the hydraulic valve combination has the features of claim 1.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung werden die bewegten Massen vorteilhaft niedrig gehalten, so daß die Hydraulikventilkombination besonders schnell schaltet.The design according to the invention advantageously keeps the moving masses low, so that the hydraulic valve combination switches particularly quickly.

Dadurch, daß der Steuerschieber als Hülse ausgebildet ist und verschieblich auf einem Schaft angeordnet ist, der eine feste Verbindung zu einer das Steuergehäuse verschließenden Flanschplatte aufweist, wird die Wartung der Hydraulikventilkombination erleichtert.The fact that the control slide is designed as a sleeve and is arranged displaceably on a shaft which has a fixed connection to a flange plate closing the control housing, makes maintenance of the hydraulic valve combination easier.

Bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung ist die für große Geräte erforderliche schnelle Austauschbarkeit vor Ort dadurch gegeben, daß der auf dem zentralen Schaft einer Flanschplatte geführte und befestigte Steuerschieber sich zusammen mit dieser Platte als komplette Einheit auf einfache Weise ausbauen läßt, so daß Stillstandszeiten gering gehalten werden können.In this embodiment according to the invention, the rapid interchangeability required for large devices is given in that the control slide guided and fastened on the central shaft of a flange plate can be easily removed together with this plate as a complete unit, so that downtimes can be kept to a minimum .

Außerdem befindet sich bei dieser Ausführung der Steuerschieber während keiner Phase der Hub- und Fallbewegung des Fallkörpers bzw. des Arbeitskolbens mit diesen Teilen im Kontakt, so daß besonders die während der Aufschlagphase heftig wirkenden Rückprallkräfte auf das Fallgewicht nicht auf ihn einwirken können.In addition, in this version the control slide is not in any phase of the lifting and Falling movement of the falling body or the working piston with these parts in contact, so that especially the rebound forces acting violently during the impact phase cannot act on the falling weight.

Ein weiteres wichtiges Gestaltungsmerkmal ist, daß die gesamte Steuerschiebereinheit einschließlich Ansteuerventil als komplettes Einbauelement ausgeführt ist und somit ohne größeren Aufwand im Vorwege durch Einbau in ein kleines Prüfgehäuse auf Funktion geprüft werden kann.Another important design feature is that the entire control slide unit, including the control valve, is designed as a complete installation element and can therefore be tested for function beforehand by installing it in a small test housing without great effort.

Besonders vorteilhaft sind die unterschiedlichen Schaltungsmöglichkeiten, so daß die Schlagmasse ohne großen Aufwand sowohl im freien Fall als auch mit beschleunigtem Fall betrieben werden kann.The different circuit options are particularly advantageous, so that the impact mass can be operated with little effort both in free fall and with accelerated fall.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 14 beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in subclaims 2 to 14.

Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele anhand von Zeichnungen erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein Rammgerät mit Steuerungsvorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 zeigt einen vergrößerten Längsschnitt durch die Steuerungsvorrichtung in einer abgewandelten Form und in einer anderen Schaltstellung,
  • Fig. 3 zeigt die Steuerungsvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 mit einem abgewandelten Steuerschieber und
  • Fig. 4 zeigt die Steuerungsvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 in anderer Schaltstellung.
Exemplary embodiments are explained below with reference to drawings.
  • 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a pile driver with control device,
  • 2 shows an enlarged longitudinal section through the control device in a modified form and in another switching position,
  • FIG. 3 shows the control device according to FIG. 2 with a modified control slide and
  • FIG. 4 shows the control device according to FIG. 3 in a different switching position.

In allen Figuren sind umlaufende Kanten nicht dargestellt worden, um die Figuren überschaubar zu halten.Circumferential edges have not been shown in all the figures in order to keep the figures manageable.

In Fig. 1 ist das nur teilweise dargestellte Fallgewicht 1 über eine Kolbenstange 2 mit einem in einer Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 3 befindlichen Kolben 4 verbunden. Zum Heben des Fallgewichts 1 wird Druckmittel unter den Kolben 4 in den Raum 5 geführt. Das Druckmittel wird von der Pumpe 6 über die Leitung 7 die Anschlußleitung 8 des Gerätes in einem Ringkanal 9 und die Leitung 10 in den Ringraum 11, der den Druckmittelzylinder 3 umgibt, eingeleitet und über Verbindungsbohrungen 12 in den Raum 5 geleitet.In Fig. 1, the drop weight 1, which is only partially shown, is connected via a piston rod 2 to a piston 4 located in a piston-cylinder unit 3. To lift the falling weight 1, pressure medium is guided under the piston 4 into the space 5. The pressure medium is introduced by the pump 6 via the line 7, the connecting line 8 of the device in an annular channel 9 and the line 10 into the annular space 11, which surrounds the pressure medium cylinder 3, and passed through connection bores 12 into the space 5.

Der Raum 5 steht somit ständig mit der Pumpe 6 in Verbindung.The space 5 is thus in constant communication with the pump 6.

Der Raum 13 oberhalb des Arbeitskolbens 4 steht über die Leitung 14 und den Verbindungsbohrungen 15 im Steuerschieber 16, einem Ringkanal 17 und der Geräteanschlußleitung 18 sowie der Rückleitung 19 mit dem Druckmittelbehälter 20 in Verbindung.The space 13 above the working piston 4 is connected to the pressure medium container 20 via the line 14 and the connecting bores 15 in the control slide 16, an annular channel 17 and the device connecting line 18 and the return line 19.

Der Steuerschieber 16 liegt in dieser Schaltstellung fest am Anschlag 21 an. Er verschließt mit seiner Umfangsfläche den Ringkanal 9 und erlaubt somit keinen Druckmitteleintritt in den Raum 13. Der Steuerschieber 16 ist auf einem zentralen Schaft 22, der mit einer Flanschplatte verbunden ist, geführt.In this switching position, the control slide 16 bears firmly against the stop 21. It closes the annular channel 9 with its circumferential surface and thus does not allow pressure medium to enter the space 13. The control slide 16 is guided on a central shaft 22 which is connected to a flange plate.

Die Ausbildung des Steuerschiebers 16 und des Schaftes 22 bilden zwei voneinander getrennte Ringräume 23 und 24, die über die Leitung 25 bzw. 26 mit einem Elektro-Magnet-Ventil 27 in Verbindung stehen.The design of the control slide 16 and the shaft 22 form two separate annular spaces 23 and 24, which are connected via lines 25 and 26 to an electro-magnetic valve 27.

Das Elektro-Magnet-Ventil 27 verbindet über diese Leitungen 25 bzw. 26 je nach seiner Schaltstellung die Ringräume 23 bzw. 24 über die Leitungen 28 bzw. 29 entweder über die Druckmittelzuleitungen 10, 9, 8, 7 mit der Pumpe 6 oder über die Druckmittelrücklaufleitungen 17, 18 und 19 mit dem Druckmittelbehälter 20. Die Leitungen 25 und 26 sowie die Leitungen 28 und 29 sind aufgrund der gesamten Bauart nur kurz und ihr Querschnitt im Verhältnis zu den von ihnen zu füllenden bzw. zu entleerenden kleinen Ringräumen 23 und 24 im Querschnitt groß bemessen, so daß die Füll- bzw. Entleermengen ohne nennenswerte Staudruckverluste und Zeitverzögerungen fließen und den Steuerschieber 16 rasch in die gewünschte Stellung bewegen können.The electro-magnetic valve 27 connects via these lines 25 and 26, depending on its switching position, the annular spaces 23 and 24 via lines 28 and 29 either via the pressure medium supply lines 10, 9, 8, 7 with the pump 6 or via the Pressure medium return lines 17, 18 and 19 with the pressure medium container 20. The lines 25 and 26 and the lines 28 and 29 are only short due to the overall design and their cross section in relation to the small annular spaces 23 and 24 to be filled or emptied Large cross-section so that the filling or emptying quantities flow without significant back pressure losses and time delays and can move the control slide 16 quickly into the desired position.

Der Steuerschieber 16 ist als dünnes massearmes Rohrstück mit einem konzentrisch aufgesetzten Ring ausgeführt, dessen Durchmesser sich aus dem für den Durchfluß erforderlich Querschnitt vieler auf dem Umfang angeordneter Verbindungsbohrungen 15 ergibt. Der Steuerschieber 16 läßt sich aufgrund dieser massearmen Bauart durch bereits vergleichsweise geringe Stellkräfte im Ringraum 23 und 24 schnell beschleunigen, d.h. schnell schalten.The control slide 16 is designed as a thin, low-mass pipe section with a concentrically placed ring, the diameter of which results from the cross section of many connecting bores 15 arranged on the circumference, which is required for the flow. Due to this low-mass design, the control slide 16 can be accelerated quickly, that is, switched quickly, by means of already comparatively low actuating forces in the annular space 23 and 24.

In Fig.2 befindet sich der Steuerschieber 16 in seiner zweiten Schaltstellung. Er liegt am Anschlag 30 an. In dieser Schaltstellung steht der Raum 13 über die Leitung 14, den Ringkanal 9, die Anschlußleitung 8 und die Leitung 7 mit der Pumpe 6 in Verbindung. Dem Raum 5 unter dem Arbeitskolben 4 wird gleichzeitig weiterhin das Druckmittel über die Leitung 10 zugeleitet, wie unter Fig. 1 beschrieben.In Figure 2, the control slide 16 is in its second switching position. It rests against stop 30. In this switching position, the space 13 is connected to the pump 6 via the line 14, the ring channel 9, the connecting line 8 and the line 7. At the same time, the pressure medium continues to be supplied to the space 5 under the working piston 4 via the line 10, as described under FIG. 1.

Im Gegensatz zu Fig. 1 befindet sich in Fig. 2 im Steuergehäuse 31 die zusätzlich Leitung 32 mit Ringkanal 33 und die zusätzliche Leitung 34 ebenfalls in Verbindung mit Ringkanal 33. Die Leitung 34 ist durch die Verschlußschraube 36 verschlossen, damit kein Lecköl nach außen dringen kann. Im Steuergehäuse 31 ist ferner eine Verschlußschraube 37 mit Dichtkonus 38 vorgesehen, mit der die Leitung 28 vom Elektro-Magnet-Ventil 27 abgesperrt werden kann.In contrast to FIG. 1, the additional line 32 with ring channel 33 and the additional line 34 are also in connection with ring channel 33 in FIG. 2 in the control housing 31. The line 34 is closed by the screw plug 36, so that no leakage oil can escape to the outside can. In the control housing 31, a screw plug 37 with a sealing cone 38 is also provided, with which the line 28 can be shut off from the solenoid valve 27.

Mit dieser Ausführungsform ergibt sich für das Steuergehäuse 31 eine universelle Einsetzbarkeit wie nachfolgend in Fig. 3 beschrieben.With this embodiment, the control housing 31 can be used universally as described below in FIG. 3.

In Fig. 3 ist in das unter Fig. 2 beschriebene Steuergehäuse 31 ein Steuerschieber 16a eingebaut, der an seinem äußeren Umfang eine ringförmige Ausnehmung hat. Außerdem ist anstelle der Verschlußschraube 36 eine Leitung 40 an die Leitung 34 angeschlossen, die zur Leitung 7 führt und mit der Pumpe 6 verbindet.In Fig. 3, a control slide 16a is installed in the control housing 31 described in Fig. 2, which has an annular recess on its outer circumference. In addition, instead of the screw plug 36, a line 40 is connected to the line 34, which leads to the line 7 and connects to the pump 6.

Die Verschlußschraube 36 verschließt hier die Anschlußleitung 8. Der Steuerschieber 16a befindet sich an Anschlag 21 und nimmt somit in dieser Figur die Schaltstellung wie in Figur 1 ein, in der zum Heben des Fallgewichts 1 Druckmittel von der Pumpe 6 über die Leitung 7 nunmehr in die Anschlußleitung 40, die ringförmige Ausnehmung 39, die Leitung 10, den Ringraum 11 und die Verbindungsbohrungen 12 in den Raum 5 geleitet wird.The locking screw 36 closes the connecting line 8 here. The control slide 16a is located at the stop 21 and thus assumes the switching position in this figure as in FIG Falling weight 1 pressure medium from the pump 6 via the line 7 is now passed into the connecting line 40, the annular recess 39, the line 10, the annular space 11 and the connecting bores 12 into the space 5.

Der Raum 13 oberhalb des Arbeitskolbens 4 steht über die Leitung 14, die Verbindungsbohrungen 15 im Steuerschieber 16a und über die Anschlußleitung 18 mit der Rückleitung 19 und somit zur Druckmittelableitung mit dem Druckmittelbehälter 20 in Verbindung.The space 13 above the working piston 4 is connected via the line 14, the connection bores 15 in the control slide 16a and via the connecting line 18 to the return line 19 and thus to the pressure medium discharge with the pressure medium container 20.

Die Funktion der gegenüber Fig. 1 veränderten Ausführungsform entspricht somit dennoch der in Fig. 1 beschriebenen Funktion.The function of the embodiment modified compared to FIG. 1 thus still corresponds to the function described in FIG. 1.

Die Leitung 28 ist durch den Dichtkonus 38 der Verschlußschraube 37 verschlossen. Das Elektro-Magnet-Ventil 27 ist nunmehr über die Leitung 32 mit dem Ringraum 39 und somit ständig mit der Pumpe 6 verbunden.The line 28 is closed by the sealing cone 38 of the screw plug 37. The electromagnetic solenoid valve 27 is now connected via line 32 to the annular space 39 and thus continuously to the pump 6.

In Fig. 4 befindet sich der Steuerschieber 16a in seiner zweiten Schaltstellung entsprechend Fig. 2. Im Gegensatz zur Ausführung in Fig. 2 verbindet der Steuerschieber 16a nunmehr den Raum 13 oberhalb des Arbeitskolbens 4 nicht mehr mit der Pumpe 6, weil die Leitung 8 durch das Ventil 50 zur Pumpe verschlossen ist, sondern es werden über die Leitung 10 nur weiterhin wie in Fig. 2 die Räume 5 und 13 verbunden. Hierdurch wird das beim freien Fall des Fallgewichts 1 durch den Arbeitskolben 4 aus dem Raum 5 verdrängte Druckmittel in den Raum 13 geführt, ohne daß von der Pumpe 6 zusätzlich Druckmittel eingespeist wird. Die Pumpe 6 fördert in dieser Schaltphase Druckmittel über die Leitung 41 in den Speicher 42.4, the control slide 16a is in its second switching position corresponding to FIG. 2. In contrast to the embodiment in FIG. 2, the control slide 16a now no longer connects the space 13 above the working piston 4 to the pump 6 because the line 8 passes through the valve 50 to the pump is closed, but rooms 5 and 13 are only connected via line 10, as in FIG. 2. As a result, the pressure medium which is displaced from the chamber 5 by the working piston 4 when the drop weight 1 falls freely is guided into the chamber 13 without the pump 6 additionally feeding in pressure medium. The In this switching phase, pump 6 delivers pressure medium via line 41 into memory 42.

Je nach Bauart des Freifallhammers, ob z.B. zur Aufnahme des aus dem Raum 5 in den Raum 13 verdrängten Druckmittelvolumens oberhalb des Arbeitskolbens 4 die Kolbenstange 2 im gleichen Durchmesser oder mit etwas größerem oder mit etwas kleinerem Durchmesser durch den Raum 13 und dessen Deckel 43 hindurchgeführt wird, entspricht die aus dem Raum 5 verdrängte Druckmittelmenge genau der im Raum 13 aufgenommenen Menge oder es entsteht dort ein Überschuß, der zum Tank hin abgelassen oder in einem Speicher aufgefangen werden muß, bzw. es ergibt sich eine Fehlmenge, die z.B. jeweils aus dem Speicher ergänzt werden muß. Letzteres trifft zu, wenn oberhalb des Arbeitskolbens 4 die Kolbenstange 2 nicht fortgeführt ist, so daß eine erhebliche Volumenungleichheit zwischen den Räumen 5 und 13 besteht. Der jeweils erforderliche Volumenausgleich kann durch entsprechende Schaltung des Ventils 50 geschaffen werden, so daß über Leitung 40 fehlendes bzw. überschüssiges Druckmittel aus bzw. in den Speicher gefördert werden kann.Depending on the design of the free fall hammer, whether e.g. to receive the pressure medium volume displaced from the space 5 into the space 13 above the working piston 4, the piston rod 2 is passed through the space 13 and its cover 43 in the same diameter or with a slightly larger or slightly smaller diameter, corresponds to that displaced from the space 5 Quantity of pressure medium exactly the amount taken up in space 13 or there is an excess that has to be drained off to the tank or collected in a store, or there is a shortage, for example each must be supplemented from memory. The latter applies if the piston rod 2 is not continued above the working piston 4, so that there is a considerable volume unevenness between the rooms 5 and 13. The volume compensation required in each case can be created by switching the valve 50 accordingly, so that missing or excess pressure medium can be conveyed out of or into the reservoir via line 40.

In Fig. 4 ist anstelle der Verschlußschraube 37 alternativ ein Elektro-Magnet-Ventil 44 vorgesehen, das die Leitung 28 verschließt, und das bei Bedarf öffnet zur Verbindung der Leitung 28 über die Leitung 45 mit dem Ventil 27.In FIG. 4, instead of the screw plug 37, an electro-magnetic valve 44 is alternatively provided, which closes the line 28, and which opens if necessary to connect the line 28 via the line 45 to the valve 27.

Außerdem ist anstelle der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Verschlußschraube 36 alternativ ein Elektro-Magnet-Ventil 50 angeordnet worden, das die Leitung 8 verschließt und die Leitung 34 weiterhin wie in Fig. 3 über die Leitung 40 und 7 mit der Pumpe 6 verbindet.In addition, instead of the screw plug 36 shown in FIG. 3, an electro-magnetic valve 50 has been alternatively arranged, which the line 8th closes and continues to connect line 34 to pump 6 via lines 40 and 7 as in FIG. 3.

Sofern beide Ventile 44 und 50 miteinander in der Betätigung gekoppelt werden, kann ohne weiteres während des Betriebes von der Betriebsweise mit beschleunigtem auf die mit unbeschleunigtem Fallgewicht, also auf Freifallbetrieb übergegangen werden und umgekehrt.If both valves 44 and 50 are coupled to each other in their actuation, the operation can be changed from the accelerated to the unaccelerated falling weight mode, that is to the free fall mode, and vice versa during operation.

Selbstverständlich können anstelle der Verschlußschrauben 36 und 37 wie auch anstelle der Ventile 44 und 50 hand- oder hydraulisch betätigte Ventile angeordnet werden. 1 Fallgewicht 31 Steuergehäuse 2 Kolbenstange 32 Leitung 3 Druckmittelzylinder 33 Ringkanal 4 Kolben 34 Leitung 5 Raum 35 Flanschplatte 6 Pumpe 36 Verschlußschraube 7 Leitung 37 Verschlußschraube 8 Anschlußleitung 38 Dichtkonus 9 Ringkanal 39 Ausnehmung 10 Leitung 40 Leitung 11 Ringraum 41 Leitung 12 Verbindungsbohrung 42 Speicher 13 Raum 43 Deckel 14 Leitung 44 Ventil 15 Verbindungsbohrungen 45 Leitung 16 Steuerschieber 46 erster Ringraum 17 Ringkanal 47 zweiter Ringraum 18 Geräteanschlußleitung 48 Wirkverbindung 19 Rückleitung 49 Sensoren 20 Druckmittelbehälter 50 Ventil 21 Anschlag 22 Schaft 23 Ringraum 24 Ringraum 25 Leitung 26 Leitung 27 Elektromagnetventil 28 Leitung 29 Leitung 30 Anschlag Of course, instead of the locking screws 36 and 37 as well as instead of the valves 44 and 50, manually or hydraulically operated valves can be arranged. 1 Drop weight 31 Timing case 2nd Piston rod 32 management 3rd Pressure cylinder 33 Ring channel 4th piston 34 management 5 room 35 Flange plate 6 pump 36 Screw 7 management 37 Screw 8th Connecting cable 38 Sealing cone 9 Ring channel 39 Recess 10th management 40 management 11 Annulus 41 management 12th Connecting hole 42 Storage 13 room 43 cover 14 management 44 Valve 15 Connecting holes 45 management 16 Spool 46 first annulus 17th Ring channel 47 second annulus 18th Device connection line 48 Active connection 19th Return line 49 Sensors 20th Pressure medium container 50 Valve 21 attack 22 shaft 23 Annulus 24th Annulus 25th management 26 management 27th Solenoid valve 28 management 29 management 30th attack

Claims (14)

  1. Hydraulic valve combination, in particular for activating a piston/cylinder unit (3, 4) for drop pile hammers, having a control valve (27), which controls a hydraulic actuating element (23, 24), which actuates the main valve (9, 17), the actuating element and the main valve taking the form of a common, axially displaceable slide valve (16), characterized in that the slide valve (16) is disposed in a control housing (31) and takes the form of a sleeve, whose inside is provided with function faces of the hydraulic actuating element and on whose outer surface are disposed function faces of the main valve, with the slide valve (16) being disposed displaceably on a shaft, which has bores (25, 26) for hydraulic actuation of the slide valve (16), and the slide valve (16) being disposed so as to cooperate with a control housing (31), which externally and concentrically surrounds it, in such a way as to operate annular channels (9, 17) with connection lines (8, 18) for supplying or returning pressure medium and connection lines (10, 14) leading to the piston-cylinder unit.
  2. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide valve (16) is disposed so as to divide an annular chamber formed by the shaft (22) and the control housing (31) into a first (46) and a second annular chamber (47) and has connection bores (15) which connect the annular chambers.
  3. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaft (22) is permanently connected to a flange plate (35) which closes the control housing (31).
  4. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the control valve (27) is disposed on the flange plate (35).
  5. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the hydraulic valve combination is permanently connected to a piston/cylinder unit (3), in particular that of a pile hammer.
  6. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the control housing (31) has at least one controllable return line (19) to the first annular chamber (46) and at least one controllable supply line (7 or 40) to the second annular chamber, as well as at least one permanently open line (14) and at least one controllable line (10) to the piston/cylinder unit (3).
  7. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the flange plate (35) has lines (25, 26) to annular chambers (23, 24) between shaft (22) and slide valve (16) as well as lines (29, 28) to the return line (19) and to the controllable line (10).
  8. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the control valve (27) is disposed on the flange plate (35) so as to control the lines (25, 26, 28, 29).
  9. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that an additional annular channel (33) is provided, which is connected to a line (34) and to a line (32).
  10. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 9, characterized in that the line (34) of the annular channel (33) is connectable to the supply line (7) and line (32) of the annular channel (33) is connectable to line (28) and the controllable line (10).
  11. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the control valve (27) has an operational connection (48) to sensors (49) which detect the position of the drop weight (1).
  12. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that provided between the supply line (7) and lines (8, 34) is an operating valve (50) which selectively connects the line (8) or line (34) to the supply line (7).
  13. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 9, 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that disposed between line (28) and line (32) is a valve (44) which selectively connects said lines.
  14. Hydraulic valve combination according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the operating valve (50) and valve (44) are coupled to one another.
EP19890105202 1989-03-23 1989-03-23 Hydraulic valve system for a pile driver hammer Expired - Lifetime EP0388498B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8989105202T DE58903827D1 (en) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23 HYDRAULIC VALVE COMBINATION FOR HAMMER.
EP19890105202 EP0388498B1 (en) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23 Hydraulic valve system for a pile driver hammer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19890105202 EP0388498B1 (en) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23 Hydraulic valve system for a pile driver hammer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0388498A1 EP0388498A1 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0388498B1 true EP0388498B1 (en) 1993-03-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890105202 Expired - Lifetime EP0388498B1 (en) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23 Hydraulic valve system for a pile driver hammer

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EP (1) EP0388498B1 (en)
DE (1) DE58903827D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU3360493A (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-08-03 Bsp International Foundations Limited Valve mechanism
EP0675233B1 (en) * 1992-08-19 1998-12-16 Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Zakrytogo Tipa "Rossiiskaya Patentovannaya Tekhnika" (Ropat) Hydraulic pile driver
GB2344547B (en) * 1998-11-14 2002-12-18 Aldridge Piling Equipment Actuator apparatus

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736958A (en) * 1972-04-13 1973-06-05 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Four-way solenoid selector valve
GB8304691D0 (en) * 1983-02-19 1983-03-23 Bsp Int Foundation Valve
DE3400302A1 (en) * 1984-01-03 1985-08-29 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR

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DE58903827D1 (en) 1993-04-22
EP0388498A1 (en) 1990-09-26

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