EP0382000A2 - Mit einer Kombination von Plasmaantrieb und chemischer Treibladung arbeitendes Geschütz - Google Patents

Mit einer Kombination von Plasmaantrieb und chemischer Treibladung arbeitendes Geschütz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0382000A2
EP0382000A2 EP90101414A EP90101414A EP0382000A2 EP 0382000 A2 EP0382000 A2 EP 0382000A2 EP 90101414 A EP90101414 A EP 90101414A EP 90101414 A EP90101414 A EP 90101414A EP 0382000 A2 EP0382000 A2 EP 0382000A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrel
projectile
breech
electrothermal
gun
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90101414A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0382000B1 (de
EP0382000A3 (de
Inventor
David Saphier
Zvi Kaplan
Shlomo Wald
Baoz Brill
Joseph Ashkenazi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Israel Atomic Energy Commission
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Israel Atomic Energy Commission
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0382000A2 publication Critical patent/EP0382000A2/de
Publication of EP0382000A3 publication Critical patent/EP0382000A3/de
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Publication of EP0382000B1 publication Critical patent/EP0382000B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A1/00—Missile propulsion characterised by the use of explosive or combustible propellant charges
    • F41A1/02—Hypervelocity missile propulsion using successive means for increasing the propulsive force, e.g. using successively initiated propellant charges arranged along the barrel length; Multistage missile propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B6/00—Electromagnetic launchers ; Plasma-actuated launchers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to so-called hypervelocity guns, i.e. guns capable of firing projectiles at muzzle velocities in excess of 1500 and up to 4000 m/sec., i.e. velocities which are generally beyond the capabilities of conventional guns.
  • hypervelocity guns i.e. guns capable of firing projectiles at muzzle velocities in excess of 1500 and up to 4000 m/sec., i.e. velocities which are generally beyond the capabilities of conventional guns.
  • the pressure P b acting on the moving projectile base is determined approximately by the equation where ⁇ is the ratio cp/cv of the propellant gases specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume, respectively, M is the Mach number of the projectile with relation to the propelling gas and ⁇ is an experimental constant usually in the range of 1.5. It follows from equation (II) that the higher the projectile velocity the lower the P av to P b ratio and the pressure exerted on the projectile base decreases faster for high velocity guns than for low velocity guns. Consequently, the rate of acceleration in high velocity guns decreases faster than in low velocity guns and so does their thermal efficiency.
  • U.S. 2,783,684 and 2,790,354 describe methods and means for accelerating a projectile within a gun's barrel by generating high pressure waves which accelerate the projectile down the length of the tube.
  • the high pressure is maintained by means of electric arcs generated within the tube via high voltage electrodes spaced along the length of the tube, so that the electric arcs will continuously be generated as the projectile travels down the tube.
  • Our IL 85622 further describes an alternative method by which a plasma injector unit is mounted at the rear of the gun coaxially with the barrel and the injected plasma acts via a working fluid to initiate the chemical propellant.
  • the present invention enables to utilize to the utmost the energy stored in a chemical propellant with the addition of only a minimum amount of electrical energy to drive the projectile into hypervelocity.
  • the improvement with respect to pure chemical propulsion is the significant increase of the muzzle velocity, while with respect to a pure electrothermal energy gun, there is achieved a significant reduction of the size of the electrical power supply.
  • the invention thus provides a new and effective way to achieve hypervelocity.
  • the muzzle velocity of a projectile can be significantly increased as compared to conventional guns, by combining the conventional combustion of a propellant with the injection of electrothermal energy in a controlled manner to obtain a hybrid system which will be referred to herein as the "hybrid gun".
  • the energized light gas buffer zone is confined to a volume behind the projectile. Consequently, there will be less rarefaction at the front of the expanding propellant and more of its energy will be transmitted to the projectile via the light gas buffer zone, imparting a higher velocity to the projectile.
  • the invention provides a gun for launching a chemical propellant bearing projectile having a barrel and breech as known per se, characterized by being a hybrid gun which launches said chemical propellant bearing projectile by a combined propulsion effect produced by said chemical propellant and by electrothermal energy, and further characterised by breech-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector means located to the rear of the breech and comprising a plasma beam generator and intermediary thereof and the breech an aligned tubular chamber having a nozzle opening into the breech and holding a light working fluid having a molecular weight not exceeding that of said chemical propellant; and electric starter means for the pulsating successive energization of said breech-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector means whereby the injector means eject desired jets of activated gaseous light working fluid into a chemical propellant holding cartridge of said chemical propellant bearing projectile.
  • a jet of activated gaseous light working fluid is injected in the direction of a round of ammunition loaded into the breech.
  • the invention requires that the so injected light working fluid reaches the base of the projectile.
  • specially designed ammunition is required in which the cartridge comprises a central perforated tube surrounded by the propellant charge and preferably lined with an ablative material such as plastic material that upon heating releases a light gaseous phase which combines with the injected light gaseous phase. Due to the perforations in the said central tube of the cartridge, the propellant charge is ignited by the injected hot gas jet.
  • the invention also provides ammunition for use with a hybrid gun of the kind specified, comprising a projectile and a chemical propellant holding cartridge having an axially extending, hollow, perforated tube open at the cartridge base and leading to the projectile base.
  • the propellant in such ammunition is of a kind known per se and is selected so as to avoid excessive pressure in the barrel.
  • selection is readily performed by persons skilled in the art by selection of a propellant with an adequate chemical composition, by the incorporation of a retardant and by a judicious selection of the geometry of the pellets.
  • an electrothermal propulsion energy injector comprising in mutual alignment a plasma jet generator and a tubular chamber fitted with an injection nozzle and holding a working fluid having a molecular weight not exceeding that of the chemical propellant of the designated ammunition.
  • the invention provides a method of converting a conventional gun into a hybrid gun according to the invention specified by fitting such conventional gun with a breech-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector specified. Due to this aspect of the invention a conventional barrel with given technological constraints such as maximum pressure and length can be retrofitted to fire a projectile at a much higher velocity.
  • an electrothermal energy injector device comprising in mutual alignment a plasma beam generator and a tubular chamber fitted with an injection nozzle and holding a working fluid having a molecular weight not exceeding that of the propellant in the designated ammunition.
  • a hybrid gun according to the invention comprises only a breech-­associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector.
  • the hybrid gun according to the invention has in addition at least one barrel-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector mounted on the barrel and comprising a plasma beam injector and intermediary thereof and the barrel an aligned tubular chamber having a nozzle opening into the barrel and holding a working fluid having a molecular weight not exceeding that of the chemical propellant of the designated ammunition.
  • the barrel-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injectors are arranged pairwise with each pair being mounted in axi-symmetrical configuration with respect to the longitudinal axis of the barrel.
  • a plasma beam is produced which energizes some working fluid and a gust of activated working fluid is ejected therefrom in form of a jet and is injected into the breech or the barrel, as the case may be.
  • the electric starter means which are known per se, are designed to produce a cycle of successive energizations of the various electrothermal propulsion energy injectors for each round of ammunition. If desired, the electric starter means may be designed to induce the formation of two or even three successive activated working fluid jets by the breech-­ associated injector before the first barrel-associated injector is energized.
  • the breech-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector injects activated working fluid into the breech and also serves as an ignition device for the chemical propellant.
  • the activated working fluid injected into the breech interacts with the propellant gases generated upon ignition of the chemical propellant to increase the pressure at a rate faster than in conventional guns so that the maximum gun-permissible pressure acting on the rear of the projectile is reached faster.
  • a barrel-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector such injector is activated by means of an optical or other type sensor whereby energized working fluid is injected into the barrel.
  • the injected light gaseous working fluid forms a buffer layer with a higher sound velocity than the chemical propellant and therefore provides an efficient means to transfer its energy and the energy of the expanding propellant to the projectile and to impart to the projectile the required kinetic energy.
  • the average barrel pressure remains at its maximum for a relatively long period of time and that furthermore, the increment between the average barrel pressure and the projectile base pressure is reduced.
  • the projectile can be accelerated into hypervelocity, i.e., velocities between 1500-4000 m/sec. according to the desired application, the lower range serving, for example, for artillery and armour penetration missiles and the higher range for anti-ballistic missiles.
  • Fig. 1 the pressure inside the barrel of a gun is plotted vs. the time counted from firing.
  • the first curve 1 shows the average pressure profile in a conventional high velocity gun in which the projectile is accelerated by expanding gases generated by a combusting chemical propellant. This curve is characteristic of the interior ballistics of all conventional guns in the case shown a maximum pressure of 500 MPa is reached after 1.5 m/s.
  • the second curve 2 in Fig. 1 shows the pressure acting on the projectile base and it is seen that as the projectile velocity increases the pressure acting on the projectile base decreases according to equation (II) herein and is significantly smaller than the average pressure in the barrel.
  • Curves 3 and 4 show the pressure potential that can be achieved in a hybrid gun of the present invention, mainly that the maximum average pressure can be maintained for a longer period of time, and consequently, the pressure exerted on the projectile base (curve 4) is higher and the P b /P av ratio is much higher than in the conventional gun.
  • the pressure profile in a hybrid gun according to the invention ensures better performance and a higher muzzle velocity than can be achieved with a conventional gun.
  • a hybrid gun according to the invention is also superior to a gun with the same length and diameter with exclusive plasma propulsion, since in the hybrid gun only a fraction of the propulsion energy has to be supplied as electrical energy. Consequently a hybrid gun according to the invention can be made practical for many applications since it does not require large cumbersome electrical power sources.
  • the barrel-associated injectors are preferably arranged in pairs with each such pair being mounted in an axi-symmetrical configuration. In many cases one such pair located close to the breech region will be sufficient. In case of guns with long barrels two or more pairs of injectors suitably spaced from each other may be desired.
  • Fig. 2 curve 5 is the normal average pressure profile in a conventional gun with chemical propulsion and it is identical to curve 1 in Fig. 1.
  • the normal ignition by means of a percussion fuse is replaced by plasma ignition by means of the breech-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector.
  • the said injector produces a first pulse shown at 6 and in consequence of that pulse the average pressure profile changes from the shape of curve 5 to that of curve 7 in Fig. 2.
  • the said breech-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector is designed to deliver a second pulse shown at 8 in Fig. 2, which has the effect of maintaining the maximum pressure in the barrel for a longer period of time resulting in a profile shown by curve 9 in Fig. 2.
  • This second pulse can also be injected by a barrel-­associated injector.
  • a third electrothermal pulse shown at 10 in Fig. 2 has two functions: First to extend the period during which the maximum pressure is maintained so that the desired hypervelocity is achieved, and second, it injects more gas with a low molecular weight, i.e., high speed of sound, to serve as a more efficient pressure transfer medium to the projectile base.
  • This pulse is the most energetic electrothermal pulse injected into the barrel and contains most of the electrothermal propulsion energy.
  • the resulting overall pressure vs. time profile in the hybrid gun resulting from the three pulses is presented as curve 11 in Fig. 2.
  • the injection of the third pulse can be performed from:
  • the embodiment of the hybrid gun according to the invention shown in Fig. 3 comprises a barrel 12 with a breech 13 to the rear of which is mounted a breech-­associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector 14 comprising a plasma beam generator 15 with an associated pulse-forming network (PFN) 16, and a tubular chamber 17 intermediary between the plasma beam generator 15 and breech 13, holding a working fluid 18.
  • a breech-­associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector 14 comprising a plasma beam generator 15 with an associated pulse-forming network (PFN) 16, and a tubular chamber 17 intermediary between the plasma beam generator 15 and breech 13, holding a working fluid 18.
  • PPN pulse-forming network
  • Breech 13 is shown to hold a round of ammunition comprising a projectile 19 and associated cartridge 20 holding a suitably selected conventional chemical propellant 21.
  • Cartridge 20 is fitted with a central perforated tube 22 lined with a plastic material ablative liner 23 having perforations overlying those of tube 22 and being of a material which upon heating, liberates a light gas.
  • Cartridge 20 bears on a centrally bored boss 24 in the manner shown, the central bore of boss 24 being in alignment with a nozzle 25 of chamber 17.
  • the gun also comprises an electronic timing device (not shown) designed to activate in a suitably programmed fashion the PFN 16 of injector 14 so as to produce sequentially at least three plasma pulses.
  • an electronic timing device (not shown) designed to activate in a suitably programmed fashion the PFN 16 of injector 14 so as to produce sequentially at least three plasma pulses.
  • a jet of activated working fluid 18 is injected via nozzle 25 and the the central bore of seat 24 into the central tube 22 of cartridge 20 and creates a small volume buffer zone near the base of projectile 19.
  • the injected hot working fluid ignites propellant 21.
  • the first working fluid gust produced by the first plasma pulse may have an approximate flow profile such as profile 6 in Fig. 2.
  • a second plasma pulse which generates a second gust of working fluid having, for example a flow profile such as the profile of pulse 8 in Fig. 2, and in a similar way a third plasma pulse generates a third working fluid gust with a flow profile approximately similar to that of pulse 10 in Fig. 2.
  • the embodiment of a hybrid gun according to the invention shown in Fig. 4 comprises in addition to the breech-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injector also two barrel-associated injectors.
  • components corresponding to those of the embodiment of Fig. 3 are marked by the same reference numerals.
  • this embodiment comprises close to the breech 13 a pair of barrel-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injectors 25 and 26 being arranged in a specific configuration and symmetrical with respect to the axis of the barrel 12.
  • the electronic timing devices (not shown) are designed to activate in a suitably programmed fashion the PFN of the various injectors and appropriate fiberoptics or other sensors are provided to detect the location and speed of the travelling projectile.
  • the first two working fluid pulses are produced by the barrel-­associated electrothermal energy injector 14.
  • the third, booster working fluid pulse is produced by the barrel-associated electrothermal propulsion energy injectors 25 and 26 which, at a suitable timing inject simultaneously activated working fluid into the barrel.
  • a hybrid gun according to the invention shown in Fig. 5 is essentially similar to that of Fig. 4 and corresponding components are again marked by the same reference numerals.
  • the single pair of barrel-associated electrothermal injectors 25 and 26 of Fig. 4 is replaced by several such pairs such as 25′, 26′; 25 ⁇ , 26 ⁇ ; and 25′′′, 26′′′ and if desired, there may be more.
  • the operation of this embodiment is essentially similar to that of Fig. 4 except that in this case several pairs of injectors will be activated successively as the projectile travels within the barrel.
  • a plurality of injectors has the advantage of enabling a more efficient tailoring of the electrothermal pulse shapes and of affording an improved subsistance of the light gas buffer zone behind the advancing projectile.
  • the breech associated plasma beam generator 15 of Figs. 3 and 4 is more closely shown in Fig. 6. As can be seen, it comprises a high strength steel housing 27 fitted with holding caps 28 and 29 capable of withstanding high pressure. Housing 27 holds a cylindrical body of high mechanical strength insulating material made of composites and holding a cathode 31 and an anode 32.
  • a capilary tube 33 made of ablative plastic material 34 links cathode 31 with the anode 32 which latter is centrally bored and comprises an integral, outwardly screw-threaded tubular portion 35 whose central bore is in full alignment with bore 34 and forms an exit nozzle for the plasma.
  • the plastic material liner 34 is ablated by the electrical current to produce the plasma.
  • the plasma injector is connected to an electrical pulse forming network (PFN) indicated at 16 in Figs. 3,4 and 5 and which, for the sake of simplicity, is represented here by a switch 36, an inductor 37 and a capacitor 38.
  • PFN electrical pulse forming network
  • a prime power electrical power supply is used to load electrical energy into the PFN.
  • Each electrothermal injector also comprises a tubular chamber holding a working fluid such as chamber 17 in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 and such chamber is more closely shown in Fig. 7. It comprises a body 40 made of high strength material and having a screw threaded inlet nozzle 41 adapted for mounting on the outwardly screw-threaded injection nozzle 35 of the plasma beam generator of Fig. 6. The body 40 is further fitted with a connector 42 adapted for connection to the breech 13 of the gun shown in any of Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
  • Body 40 holds a liner 43 which upon the passage of a plasma jet is adapted to liberate a working fluid.
  • Liner 43 may, for example, be in the form of an absorbent material soaked with working fluid or alternatively in the form of a gel or the whole space might be filled with a light gas forming substance.
  • the tubular chamber 44 of body 40 serves as the mixing chamber in which the plasma jet arriving from the generator of Fig. 6 mixes with working fluid in said chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
EP90101414A 1989-02-09 1990-01-24 Mit einer Kombination von Plasmaantrieb und chemischer Treibladung arbeitendes Geschütz Expired - Lifetime EP0382000B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL89231A IL89231A (en) 1989-02-09 1989-02-09 Gun with combined operation by explosive material and plasma
IL89231 1989-02-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0382000A2 true EP0382000A2 (de) 1990-08-16
EP0382000A3 EP0382000A3 (de) 1991-04-03
EP0382000B1 EP0382000B1 (de) 1994-04-20

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EP90101414A Expired - Lifetime EP0382000B1 (de) 1989-02-09 1990-01-24 Mit einer Kombination von Plasmaantrieb und chemischer Treibladung arbeitendes Geschütz

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP0382000B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE104764T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69008208T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0382000T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2055811T3 (de)
IE (1) IE63049B1 (de)
IL (1) IL89231A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2670279A1 (fr) * 1990-12-07 1992-06-12 Diehl Gmbh & Co Dispositif pour accelerer un projectile au moyen d'un plasma.
US5225624A (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-07-06 Fmc Corporation Disintegrating injector for primary and fuel enriched plasma
US5355764A (en) * 1992-05-04 1994-10-18 Fmc Corporation Plasma actuated ignition and distribution pump
US5574240A (en) * 1992-12-07 1996-11-12 Hercules Incorporated Propellants useful in electrothermal-chemical guns
FR2768810A1 (fr) * 1997-09-24 1999-03-26 Giat Ind Sa Composant d'allumage pour composition pyrotechnique ou charge propulsive
US7059249B2 (en) 2001-01-23 2006-06-13 United Defense Lp Transverse plasma injector ignitor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4590842A (en) * 1983-03-01 1986-05-27 Gt-Devices Method of and apparatus for accelerating a projectile
EP0331150A1 (de) * 1988-03-03 1989-09-06 THE STATE of ISRAEL Atomic Energy Commission Soreq Nuclear Research Center Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschleunigen von Geschossen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4590842A (en) * 1983-03-01 1986-05-27 Gt-Devices Method of and apparatus for accelerating a projectile
EP0331150A1 (de) * 1988-03-03 1989-09-06 THE STATE of ISRAEL Atomic Energy Commission Soreq Nuclear Research Center Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschleunigen von Geschossen

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2670279A1 (fr) * 1990-12-07 1992-06-12 Diehl Gmbh & Co Dispositif pour accelerer un projectile au moyen d'un plasma.
US5225624A (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-07-06 Fmc Corporation Disintegrating injector for primary and fuel enriched plasma
US5355764A (en) * 1992-05-04 1994-10-18 Fmc Corporation Plasma actuated ignition and distribution pump
US5574240A (en) * 1992-12-07 1996-11-12 Hercules Incorporated Propellants useful in electrothermal-chemical guns
FR2768810A1 (fr) * 1997-09-24 1999-03-26 Giat Ind Sa Composant d'allumage pour composition pyrotechnique ou charge propulsive
EP0905470A1 (de) * 1997-09-24 1999-03-31 Giat Industries Zündbauelement für pyrotechnische Zusammensetzungen oder Treibladungen
US6237494B1 (en) 1997-09-24 2001-05-29 Giat Industries Ignition component for a pyrotechnic composition or propellant charge
US7059249B2 (en) 2001-01-23 2006-06-13 United Defense Lp Transverse plasma injector ignitor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IE900259L (en) 1990-08-09
ES2055811T3 (es) 1994-09-01
DE69008208T2 (de) 1994-08-04
IL89231A0 (en) 1989-09-10
EP0382000B1 (de) 1994-04-20
IL89231A (en) 1992-11-15
IE63049B1 (en) 1995-03-22
DK0382000T3 (da) 1994-06-06
ATE104764T1 (de) 1994-05-15
DE69008208D1 (de) 1994-05-26
EP0382000A3 (de) 1991-04-03

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