EP0379882B1 - Cleaning system for pipelines - Google Patents

Cleaning system for pipelines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0379882B1
EP0379882B1 EP90100337A EP90100337A EP0379882B1 EP 0379882 B1 EP0379882 B1 EP 0379882B1 EP 90100337 A EP90100337 A EP 90100337A EP 90100337 A EP90100337 A EP 90100337A EP 0379882 B1 EP0379882 B1 EP 0379882B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
piston
pressure
connection piece
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90100337A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0379882A3 (en
EP0379882A2 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Bersch
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0379882A3 publication Critical patent/EP0379882A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
    • B08B9/0551—Control mechanisms therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/057—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices being entrained discrete elements, e.g. balls, grinding elements, brushes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2574—Bypass or relief controlled by main line fluid condition
    • Y10T137/2605—Pressure responsive
    • Y10T137/2642—Sensor rigid with valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7781—With separate connected fluid reactor surface
    • Y10T137/7834—Valve seat or external sleeve moves to open valve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the pipes to be cleaned and, for this purpose, connected to one another in a circuit are connected to the connection devices of the housing, optionally via intermediate housings.
  • the cleaning liquid such as lye, acid, rinse water and disinfectant solutions
  • the cleaning fluid first flows through a valve opening into the channel opening into one end face of the piston, from there through the pipes back into the other channel and via the second valve opening into the drain connection.
  • cleaning bodies designed as sponges are taken along.
  • the drain connection is in the case that rinsing water is used as the cleaning liquid is connected to the normal house routine. In the case of lye, acid and disinfectants, these are each returned to a designated container, where they are collected and reused.
  • Such a device can be used for cleaning pipelines in breweries, wineries, dairies, lemonade factories, in the chemical industry, etc. It has now been shown that occasional damage occurs, in particular pipe screw connections loosen or even pipes burst. This is particularly the case when the device is used to clean large-sized pipes and the pipes are cleaned with a high liquid pressure.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a device of the type described at the outset with the aid of which the damage mentioned can be avoided with certainty.
  • the pressure relief valve It is connected to the inlet connection, that is to say, for example, arranged in the inlet line after the cleaning pump which delivers the cleaning liquid. If the liquid pressure rises above a specified setpoint, the pressure relief valve opens in the relief path provided for this purpose. In this way, pressure surges in the cleaning device and the pipes are avoided. which occur in particular in the switching process of the piston of the switching valve. This creates a soft switchover effect.
  • the cleaning device is easy to handle due to its compact shape.
  • the construction of the assembly can already take place in the course of the manufacture of the cleaning device, so that the assembly is immediately available at the place of use after the connection to the pipes to be cleaned.
  • the pressure relief valve is relieved via the connection space directly to the drain connection, without the need for a drain line.
  • a connection piece of the pressure relief valve is inserted into the inlet connection, the end of which projects into the connection space and is seated on the part of the piston of the changeover valve on which the valve openings are located.
  • This valve connector can simply be an extension connector or a connector that acts on the valve function.
  • the simple structural design according to claim 5 enables a compact design of the pressure relief valve. It is possible that the valve connector is arranged in the sliding connector or the sliding connector in the valve connector. If the force exerted on the pressure application surface by the cleaning liquid exceeds the spring force acting in opposite directions, then this displaces the sliding connection in relation to the valve connection in the axial direction and thereby releases the relief path.
  • the limit value of the liquid pressure should be just as large be that the piston is moved from one end position to the other. It is therefore essentially based on the weight of the piston, the friction, and the pressure-effective surface on its end faces.
  • the bores can be arranged below or above the bead, via which the pressure application surface of the bead is connected to the inside of the pressure relief valve. In the event that they are arranged above the bead, the sliding connector moves axially downwards into its open position, in the other case it moves upwards.
  • the embodiment according to claim 7 allows the sliding connector and valve connector to be protected from the outside.
  • the flange housing carries connection devices via which the inlet line can be connected to the pressure relief valve.
  • the detachable connection of the flange housing to the valve housing for example via screw connections, enables the pressure relief valve to be detached from the valve housing in a simple manner for maintenance and care purposes and to be connected again therewith.
  • existing four-way switch valves can be retrofitted with a pressure relief valve.
  • the spring force can be generated by a plurality of coil springs.
  • the number and dimensions of the coil springs depend on the limit value of the liquid pressure of the cleaning liquid.
  • the preload of the springs is achieved by connecting the flange housing to the valve housing.
  • the support ring according to claim 9 increases the area on which the springs are supported outside of the guide bores in the direction of the pressure application surface. Therefore, coil springs with a larger diameter can also be used to generate the spring force. In addition, the accuracy of the centering of the guide bores does not have to be so demanding, which considerably simplifies the manufacture of the flange housing.
  • the lock according to claim 10 is of particular importance for the exact adjustment of the valve stub when the valve stub extends to the valve openings.
  • the valve socket engages, for example, in a groove or recess on the piston in the region of the valve opening and seals the valve opening in each case connected to the valve socket and therefore to the inlet line to the connection space.
  • the outer diameter of the end faces of the piston corresponds essentially to the inner diameter of the bushing of the valve housing. Between its end faces, the piston has a portion of smaller diameter, so that in this way the connection space is formed, via which a valve opening is connected to the drain connection in the socket of the valve housing.
  • valve socket sits sealingly on the flattened portion of the piston, so that the cleaning liquid is guided to one valve opening without losses.
  • the signals generated with the motion detector according to claim 13 are processed by a corresponding processing unit, which comprises a number and display or evaluation unit.
  • This motion detector enables a precise detection of the cleaning process or its Cleaning steps when the pressure relief valve opens with each changeover of the four-way changeover valve to relieve the excess pressure.
  • the number of signals when opening or closing the pressure relief valve indicates the frequency of the change of direction of the cleaning liquid and is therefore a measure of the length and intensity of the cleaning process. The monitoring that is possible in this way enables an optimal cleaning effect with minimal cleaning costs.
  • the device 1 for cleaning pipes has a four-way switch valve 2 and a pressure relief valve 3.
  • the four-way switch valve 2 consists of a housing 4 with an inlet connection 5, an outlet connection 6 and a bushing 7 for receiving a displaceable piston 8.
  • connection devices 10 for pipes not shown are arranged at opposite ends in the direction of displacement of the piston 8 that connect the pipes to the changeover valve 2.
  • the piston 8 has two valve openings 11, 12, which are each connected via a channel 13, 14 to end faces 16, 17 carrying openings 15.
  • the end faces 16, 17 of the piston 8 are sealed against the bushing 7 via sealing elements 41.
  • a connecting space 19 is formed by a radial recess 18 of the piston 8, which in the illustrated Position of the piston 8 connects the drain port 6 to the valve opening 12.
  • the pressure relief valve 3 is inserted into the inlet connection 5 of the housing 4 of the changeover valve 3. It has a flange housing 21 connected to the housing 4 via a screw connection 20, in the head 22 of which guide bores 23 are provided for receiving a plurality of coil springs 24. At its free end 25, the flange housing 21 in the embodiment shown carries an external thread 26, for releasable connection to an inlet line, not shown.
  • An axially movable sliding connector 27 and a valve connector 28 are arranged in the interior 32 of the flange housing 21. In the embodiment shown, the sliding connector 27 is located in the valve connector 28.
  • the hollow cylindrical sliding connector 27 has a radially extending bead 29 on its outside and also radially arranged bores 30 underneath. The underside of the bead 29 forms a step with a pressure application surface 31 which extends over the bores 30 communicates with the interior 32 of the pressure relief valve 3.
  • the valve connector 28 is screwed into the inlet connection 5 of the housing 4 of the changeover valve 2 via a thread 33.
  • the counter nut 34 serves to fix and precisely adjust it.
  • the valve connector 28 carries relief openings 38 to form a relief path, which are connected to the drain connection 6 in the open position of the pressure relief valve 3 via the connection space 19.
  • the sliding connector 27 has no relief opening at its lower end. In the open position of the pressure relief valve 3, the lower end 40 of the sliding connector 27 is located above the relief openings of the valve connector 28.
  • the upper end face 36 of the valve connector 28 and the upper side of the bead 29 of the sliding connector 27 are covered with a support ring 37.
  • the helical springs 24 arranged in the guide bores 23 act on the support ring 37, the pretensioning of which is achieved by the screw connection 20 between the flange housing 21 and the valve housing 4.
  • a two-part motion detector 38 is arranged in the flange housing 21 and on the support ring 37, which generates 3 pulse-shaped signals when opening and / or closing the pressure relief valve, which signals are processed in a processing system 39 and displayed.
  • the motion detector can, for example, be made in one piece, one part being arranged on the valve socket or on the support ring, the other part on the flange housing of the pressure relief valve. If it works without contact, it is, for example, optical, magnetic, electronic or inductive in nature. However, mechanical motion detectors are also possible.
  • the method of operation of the device according to the invention is as follows: a cleaning liquid under pressure is supplied to the pressure relief valve 3 through an inlet line, not shown, flows through it and flows in the illustrated end position of the piston 8 through the valve opening 11, via the channel 13, through the Openings 15 in the end face 16 of the piston 8 in the pipelines to be cleaned in the direction of the arrow and thereby take along the cleaning bodies R designed as sponges.
  • the cleaning fluid When the cleaning fluid has flowed through the pipes, it enters the channel 14 through the openings 15 of the end face 17 of the piston 8 and reaches the valve opening 12. From there it flows further via the connection space 19 to the drain connection 6.
  • the cleaning bodies R now meet on the end face 17 of the piston 8, these also close the openings 15 arranged there the consequence that the liquid pressure rises, by means of which the piston 8 is displaced into its other, not shown, end position.
  • the valve connector 28 forms a stop limiting the axial movement of the piston 8, so that the piston 8 comes to rest in an end position in which the valve connector 28 corresponds to the valve opening 12.
  • the helical springs 24 push the sliding connection 27 into its closed position and the cleaning liquid now flows through the valve opening 12 in the opposite direction through the device 1 and the pipes to be cleaned until the cleaning bodies R open the openings 15 in the Close the end face 16 of the piston 8 and the switching process described above is repeated in the opposite direction.

Abstract

In a device for cleaning pipelines (1), there is a four-way change-over valve (2) to whose inlet connection (5) a pressure limiting valve (3) is connected. Its valve connector can project as far as the valve openings (11, 12) of the piston (8). The pressure limiting valve (3) relieves pressure towards the outlet connection (6). In this way, pressure surges in the device (1) can be reduced and damage can be avoided. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einer solchen Vorrichtung, die beispielsweise aus der DE-AS 17 82 136 bekannt ist, sind an die Anschlußeinrichtungen des Gehäuses, gegebenenfalls über Zwischengehäuse, die zu reinigenden und zu diesem Zweck zu einem Kreislauf miteinander verbundenen Rohrleitungen angeschlossen. Die Reinigungsflüssigkeit, wie z.B. Lauge, Säure, Spülwasser und Desinfektionslösungen, wird dem Vierwege-Umschaltventil über den Zulaufanschluß zugeführt. Dabei strömt die Reinigungsflüssigkeit zunächst durch eine Ventilöffnung in den in der einen Stirnseite des Kolbens mündenden Kanal, von dort durch die Rohrleitungen zurück in den anderen Kanal und über die zweite Ventilöffnung in den Ablaufanschluß. Dabei werden beispielsweise als Schwämmchen ausgebildete Reinigungskörper mitgenommen. Sobald diese auf die Stirnseiten des Kolbens des Umschaltventils auftreffen, wird dieser selbsttätig verschoben und dadurch die Strömungsrichtung der Reinigungsflüssigkeit umgekehrt. Der Ablaufanschluß ist in dem Fall, daß Spülwasser als Reinigungsflüssigkeit verwendet wird, mit dem normalen Hausablauf verbunden. In Falle von Lauge, Säure und Desinfektionsmitteln werden diese jeweils in einen dafür vorgesehenen Behälter zurückgeführt, dort gesammelt und wiederverwendet.In such a device, which is known, for example, from DE-AS 17 82 136, the pipes to be cleaned and, for this purpose, connected to one another in a circuit are connected to the connection devices of the housing, optionally via intermediate housings. The cleaning liquid, such as lye, acid, rinse water and disinfectant solutions, is fed to the four-way switch valve via the inlet connection. The cleaning fluid first flows through a valve opening into the channel opening into one end face of the piston, from there through the pipes back into the other channel and via the second valve opening into the drain connection. For example, cleaning bodies designed as sponges are taken along. As soon as they hit the end faces of the piston of the changeover valve, it is automatically shifted and the flow direction of the cleaning liquid is thereby reversed. The drain connection is in the case that rinsing water is used as the cleaning liquid is connected to the normal house routine. In the case of lye, acid and disinfectants, these are each returned to a designated container, where they are collected and reused.

Eine solche Vorrichtung kann zum Reinigen von Rohrleitungen in Brauereien, Weinkellereien, Molkereien, Limonade herstellenden Betrieben, in der chemischen Industrie usw. Verwendung finden. Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß gelegentlich Schäden auftreten, insbesondere sich Rohrverschraubungen lockern oder sogar Rohrleitungen platzen. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn die Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von großdimensionierten Rohrleitungen benutzt wird und die Rohrleitungen mit einem hohen Flüssigkeitsdruck gereinigt werden.Such a device can be used for cleaning pipelines in breweries, wineries, dairies, lemonade factories, in the chemical industry, etc. It has now been shown that occasional damage occurs, in particular pipe screw connections loosen or even pipes burst. This is particularly the case when the device is used to clean large-sized pipes and the pipes are cleaned with a high liquid pressure.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art anzugeben, mit deren Hilfe die erwähnten Schäden mit Sicherheit vermieden werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a device of the type described at the outset with the aid of which the damage mentioned can be avoided with certainty.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Dieser Vorschlag beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß immer dann, wenn die Reinigungskörper die Kolbenstirnseite erreichen und die darin befindlichen Öffnungen abdecken, zulaufseitig ein Druckanstieg erfolgt und daß diese Druckstöße die genannten Schäden hervorrufen können.This proposal is based on the knowledge that whenever the cleaning bodies reach the piston end face and cover the openings therein, there is an increase in pressure on the inlet side and that these pressure surges can cause the damage mentioned.

Dem wird mit Hilfe des Druckbegrenzungsventils abgeholfen. Es ist mit dem Zulaufanschluß verbunden, also beispielsweise in der Zulaufleitung nach der die Reinigungsflüssigkeit fördernden Reinigungspumpe angeordnet. Steigt der Flüssigkeitsdruck über einen festgelegten Sollwert, öffnet das Druckbegrenzungsventil in den dafür vorgesehenen Entlastungspfad. Auf diese Weise werden Druckstöße in der Reinigungsvorrichtung und den Rohrleitungen vermieden, die insbesondere bei dem Umschaltvorgang des Kolbens des Umschaltventils auftreten. Dadurch wird ein weicher Umschalteffekt erzeugt.This is remedied with the help of the pressure relief valve. It is connected to the inlet connection, that is to say, for example, arranged in the inlet line after the cleaning pump which delivers the cleaning liquid. If the liquid pressure rises above a specified setpoint, the pressure relief valve opens in the relief path provided for this purpose. In this way, pressure surges in the cleaning device and the pipes are avoided. which occur in particular in the switching process of the piston of the switching valve. This creates a soft switchover effect.

Durch die Verbindung des Druckbegrenzungsventils mit dem Ventilgehäuse zu einer Baueinheit nach Anspruch 2 ist die Reinigungsvorrichtung infolge ihrer kompakten Form einfach zu handhaben. Die Herstellung der Baueinheit kann bereits im Rahmen der Herstellung der Reinigungsvorrichtung erfolgen, so daß die Baueinheit am Einsatzort nach der Verbindung mit den zu reinigenden Rohrleitungen sofort zur Verfügung steht.By connecting the pressure relief valve to the valve housing to form a unit according to claim 2, the cleaning device is easy to handle due to its compact shape. The construction of the assembly can already take place in the course of the manufacture of the cleaning device, so that the assembly is immediately available at the place of use after the connection to the pipes to be cleaned.

Bei der Ausgestaltung gemäß Anspruch 3 wird das Druckbegrenzungsventil über den Verbindungsraum direkt zu dem Ablaufanschluß entlastet, ohne daß dafür eigens eine Ablaufleitung benötigt würde.In the embodiment according to claim 3, the pressure relief valve is relieved via the connection space directly to the drain connection, without the need for a drain line.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 4 wird anstelle eines üblicherweise gebräuchlichen Zulaufstutzens ein Stutzen des Druckbegrenzungsventils in den Zulaufanschluß eingesetzt, dessen Ende in den Verbindungsraum ragt und auf dem Teil des Kolbens des Umschaltventils aufsitzt, an dem sich die Ventilöffnungen befinden. Dieser Ventilstutzen kann einfach ein Verlängerungsstutzen oder ein an der Ventilfunktion mitwirkender Stutzen sein.In the embodiment according to claim 4, instead of a customary inlet connection, a connection piece of the pressure relief valve is inserted into the inlet connection, the end of which projects into the connection space and is seated on the part of the piston of the changeover valve on which the valve openings are located. This valve connector can simply be an extension connector or a connector that acts on the valve function.

Der einfache konstruktive Aufbau nach Anspruch 5 ermöglicht eine kompakte Bauweise des Druckbegrenzungsventils. Dabei ist es möglich, daß der Ventilstutzen im Schiebestutzen, oder der Schiebestutzen im Ventilstutzen angeordnet ist. Übersteigt die auf die Druckangriffsfläche durch die Reinigungsflüssigkeit ausgeübte Kraft die gegensinnig wirkende Federkraft, so verschiebt diese den Schiebestutzen gegenüber dem Ventilstutzen in axialer Richtung und gibt dabei den Entlastungspfad frei. Der Grenzwert des Flüssigkeitsdrucks soll gerade so groß sein, daß der Kolben von seiner einen Endlage in die andere verschoben wird. Er bemißt sich damit im wesentlichen nach dem Gewicht des Kolbens der Reibung, und der druckwirksamen Fläche an seinen Stirnseiten.The simple structural design according to claim 5 enables a compact design of the pressure relief valve. It is possible that the valve connector is arranged in the sliding connector or the sliding connector in the valve connector. If the force exerted on the pressure application surface by the cleaning liquid exceeds the spring force acting in opposite directions, then this displaces the sliding connection in relation to the valve connection in the axial direction and thereby releases the relief path. The limit value of the liquid pressure should be just as large be that the piston is moved from one end position to the other. It is therefore essentially based on the weight of the piston, the friction, and the pressure-effective surface on its end faces.

Die Weiterbildung nach Anspruch 6 ergibt eine einfache Bauform. In Abhängigkeit von der Bewegungsrichtung des Schiebestutzens können unterhalb oder oberhalb des Wulstes die Bohrungen angeordnet sein, über die die Druckangriffsfläche des Wulstes mit dem Inneren des Druckbegrenzungsventils in Verbindung steht. Im Fall, daß sie oberhalb des Wulstes angeordnet sind, bewegt sich der Schiebestutzen in axialer Richtung nach unten in seine Öffnungsstellung, im anderen Fall bewegt er sich nach oben.The development according to claim 6 results in a simple design. Depending on the direction of movement of the sliding connector, the bores can be arranged below or above the bead, via which the pressure application surface of the bead is connected to the inside of the pressure relief valve. In the event that they are arranged above the bead, the sliding connector moves axially downwards into its open position, in the other case it moves upwards.

Die Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 7 erlaubt es, den Schiebestutzen und Ventilstutzen nach außen hin zu schützen. An seinem freien Ende trägt das Flanschgehäuse Anschlußeinrichtungen, über die die Zulaufleitung mit dem Druckbegrenzungsventil verbunden werden kann. Die lösbare Verbindung des Flanschgehäuses mit dem Ventilgehäuse, beispielsweise über Schraubverbindungen, ermöglicht es, daß das Druckbegrenzungsventil zu Zwecken der Wartung und Pflege auf einfache Weise vom Ventilgehäuse gelöst und damit wieder verbunden werden kann. Außerdem können auf diese Weise bereits vorhandene Vierwege-Umschaltventile mit einem Druckbegrenzungsventil nachgerüstet werden.The embodiment according to claim 7 allows the sliding connector and valve connector to be protected from the outside. At its free end, the flange housing carries connection devices via which the inlet line can be connected to the pressure relief valve. The detachable connection of the flange housing to the valve housing, for example via screw connections, enables the pressure relief valve to be detached from the valve housing in a simple manner for maintenance and care purposes and to be connected again therewith. In addition, existing four-way switch valves can be retrofitted with a pressure relief valve.

Bei der Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 8 ist die Federkraft durch eine Mehrzahl von Schraubenfedern erzeugbar. Anzahl und Dimensionierung der Schraubenfedern richten sich nach dem Grenzwert des Flüssigkeitsdrucks der Reinigungsflüssigkeit. Die Vorspannung der Federn wird durch die Verbindung des Flanschgehäuses mit dem Ventilgehäuse erreicht.In the embodiment according to claim 8, the spring force can be generated by a plurality of coil springs. The number and dimensions of the coil springs depend on the limit value of the liquid pressure of the cleaning liquid. The preload of the springs is achieved by connecting the flange housing to the valve housing.

Der Stützring nach Anspruch 9 vergrößert die Fläche, auf der sich die Federn außerhalb der Führungsbohrungen in Richtung auf die Druckangriffsfläche abstützen. Daher können zur Erzeugung der Federkraft auch Schraubenfedern mit einem größeren Durchmesser verwendet werden. Außerdem muß an die Genauigkeit der Zentrierung der Führungsbohrungen keine so großen Anforderungen gestellt werden, was die Herstellung des Flanschgehäuses erheblich vereinfacht.The support ring according to claim 9 increases the area on which the springs are supported outside of the guide bores in the direction of the pressure application surface. Therefore, coil springs with a larger diameter can also be used to generate the spring force. In addition, the accuracy of the centering of the guide bores does not have to be so demanding, which considerably simplifies the manufacture of the flange housing.

Die Arretierung nach Anspruch 10 ist für die genaue Justierung des Ventilstutzens von besonderer Bedeutung, wenn der Ventilstutzen bis zu den Ventilöffnungen ragt. Der Ventilstutzen greift dabei beispielsweise in eine Nut oder Vertiefung am Kolben im Bereich der Ventilöffnung ein und dichtet dabei die jeweils mit dem Ventilstutzen und daher mit der Zulaufleitung in Verbindung stehende Ventilöffnung zum Verbindungsraum hin ab.The lock according to claim 10 is of particular importance for the exact adjustment of the valve stub when the valve stub extends to the valve openings. The valve socket engages, for example, in a groove or recess on the piston in the region of the valve opening and seals the valve opening in each case connected to the valve socket and therefore to the inlet line to the connection space.

Bei der Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 11 entspricht der Außendurchmesser der Stirnseiten des Kolbens im wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser der Buchse des Ventilgehäuses. Zwischen seinen Stirnseiten weist der Kolben einen Abschnitt geringeren Durchmessers auf, so daß auf diese Weise der Verbindungsraum gebildet wird, über den jeweils eine Ventilöffnung mit dem Ablaufanschluß in der Buchse des Ventilgehäuses in Verbindung steht.In the embodiment according to claim 11, the outer diameter of the end faces of the piston corresponds essentially to the inner diameter of the bushing of the valve housing. Between its end faces, the piston has a portion of smaller diameter, so that in this way the connection space is formed, via which a valve opening is connected to the drain connection in the socket of the valve housing.

Bei der Weiterbildung nach Anspruch 12 sitzt der Ventilstutzen auf der Abflachung des Kolbens dichtend auf, so daß die Reinigungsflüssigkeit ohne Verluste zu jeweils einer Ventilöffnung geführt wird.In the development according to claim 12, the valve socket sits sealingly on the flattened portion of the piston, so that the cleaning liquid is guided to one valve opening without losses.

Die mit dem Bewegungsmelder nach Anspruch 13 erzeugten Signale werden durch eine entsprechende Verarbeitungseinheit, die eine Zahl- und Anzeige- oder Auswerteeinheit umfaßt verarbeitet. Dieser Bewegungsmelder ermöglicht eine genaue Erfassung des Reinigungsvorgangs oder seiner Reinigungsschritte, wenn das Druckbegrenzungsventil bei jedem Umschaltvorgang des Vierwege-Umschaltventils öffnet, um den Überdruck abzubauen. Die Anzahl der Signale beim Öffnen oder Schließen des Druckbegrenzungsventils zeigt die Häufigkeit des Richtungswechsels der Reinigungsflüssigkeit an und ist damit ein Maß für die Länge und Intensität des Reinigungsvorgangs. Durch die dadurch mögliche Überwachung ist ein optimaler Reinigungseffekt bei minimalen Reinigungskosten möglich.The signals generated with the motion detector according to claim 13 are processed by a corresponding processing unit, which comprises a number and display or evaluation unit. This motion detector enables a precise detection of the cleaning process or its Cleaning steps when the pressure relief valve opens with each changeover of the four-way changeover valve to relieve the excess pressure. The number of signals when opening or closing the pressure relief valve indicates the frequency of the change of direction of the cleaning liquid and is therefore a measure of the length and intensity of the cleaning process. The monitoring that is possible in this way enables an optimal cleaning effect with minimal cleaning costs.

Die Materialauswahl nach Anspruch 14 ergibt eine leichte, aber stabile Vorrichtung.The choice of material according to claim 14 results in a light but stable device.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung beschrieben. Darin zeigt die einzige Figur die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Rohrleitungen mit einem eingebauten Druckbegrenzungsventil im Längsschnitt.The invention is described below with reference to a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the drawing. In it, the only figure shows the device according to the invention for cleaning pipes with a built-in pressure relief valve in longitudinal section.

Die Vorrichtung 1 zum Reinigen von Rohrleitungen weist ein Vierwege-Umschaltventil 2 und ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 3 auf. Das Vierwege-Umschaltventil 2 besteht aus einem Gehäuse 4 mit einem Zulaufanschluß 5, einem Ablaufanschluß 6 sowie einer Buchse 7 zur Aufnahme eines verschiebbaren Kolbens 8. An der Gehäuseaußenseite 9 sind an in Verschiebungsrichtung des Kolbens 8 entgegengesetzten Enden Anschlußeinrichtungen 10 für nicht näher dargestellte Rohrleitungen angeordnet, die die Rohrleitungen mit dem Umschaltventil 2 verbinden.The device 1 for cleaning pipes has a four-way switch valve 2 and a pressure relief valve 3. The four-way switch valve 2 consists of a housing 4 with an inlet connection 5, an outlet connection 6 and a bushing 7 for receiving a displaceable piston 8. On the outside of the housing 9, connection devices 10 for pipes not shown are arranged at opposite ends in the direction of displacement of the piston 8 that connect the pipes to the changeover valve 2.

Der Kolben 8 weist zwei Ventilöffnungen 11, 12 auf, die über je einen Kanal 13, 14 mit Öffnungen 15 tragenden Stirnseiten 16, 17 verbunden sind. Die Stirnseiten 16, 17 des Kolbens 8 sind über Dichtungselemente 41 gegen die Buchse 7 abgedichtet. Zwischen den Stirnseiten 16, 17 ist durch eine radiale Vertiefung 18 des Kolbens 8 ein Verbindungsraum 19 gebildet, der bei der dargestellten Stellung des Kolbens 8 den Ablaufanschluß 6 mit der Ventilöffnung 12 verbindet.The piston 8 has two valve openings 11, 12, which are each connected via a channel 13, 14 to end faces 16, 17 carrying openings 15. The end faces 16, 17 of the piston 8 are sealed against the bushing 7 via sealing elements 41. Between the end faces 16, 17, a connecting space 19 is formed by a radial recess 18 of the piston 8, which in the illustrated Position of the piston 8 connects the drain port 6 to the valve opening 12.

Das Druckbegrenzungsventil 3 ist in den Zulaufanschluß 5 des Gehäuses 4 des Umschaltventils 3 eingesetzt. Es weist ein über Schraubverbindung 20 mit dem Gehäuse 4 verbundenes Flanschgehäuse 21 auf, in dessen Kopf 22 Führungsbohrungen 23 zur Aufnahme einer Mehrzahl von Schraubenfedern 24 vorgesehen sind. An seinem freien Ende 25 trägt das Flanschgehäuse 21 in der dargestellten Ausführungsform ein Außengewinde 26, zur lösbaren Verbindung mit einer nicht näher dargestellten Zulaufleitung. Im Innern 32 des Flanschgehäuses 21 sind ein axial beweglicher Schiebestutzen 27 und ein Ventilstutzen 28 angeordnet. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform befindet sich der Schiebestutzen 27 im Ventilstutzen 28. Der hohlzylindrische Schiebestutzen 27 zeigt ein an seiner Außenseite einen radial verlaufenden Wulst 29 und darunter ebenfalls radial angeordnete Bohrungen 30. Die Unterseite des Wulstes 29 bildet eine Stufe mit einer Druckangriffsfläche 31, die über die Bohrungen 30 mit dem Innern 32 des Druckbegrenzungsventils 3 in Verbindung steht.The pressure relief valve 3 is inserted into the inlet connection 5 of the housing 4 of the changeover valve 3. It has a flange housing 21 connected to the housing 4 via a screw connection 20, in the head 22 of which guide bores 23 are provided for receiving a plurality of coil springs 24. At its free end 25, the flange housing 21 in the embodiment shown carries an external thread 26, for releasable connection to an inlet line, not shown. An axially movable sliding connector 27 and a valve connector 28 are arranged in the interior 32 of the flange housing 21. In the embodiment shown, the sliding connector 27 is located in the valve connector 28. The hollow cylindrical sliding connector 27 has a radially extending bead 29 on its outside and also radially arranged bores 30 underneath. The underside of the bead 29 forms a step with a pressure application surface 31 which extends over the bores 30 communicates with the interior 32 of the pressure relief valve 3.

Der Ventilstutzen 28 ist über ein Gewinde 33 in den Zulaufanschluß 5 des Gehäuses 4 des Umschaltventils 2 eingeschraubt. Seiner Fixierung und genauen Justierung dient die Kontermutter 34. An seinem unteren Ende trägt der Ventilstutzen 28 zur Bildung eines Entlastungspfades 38 Entlastungsöffnungen, die in der Öffnungsstellung des Druckbegrenzungsventils 3 über den Verbindungsraum 19 mit dem Ablaufanschluß 6 verbunden sind. Der Schiebestutzen 27 weist in der dargestellten Ausführungsform an seinem unteren Ende keine Entlastungsöffnung auf. In Öffnungsstellung des Druckbegrenzungsventil 3 befindet sich das untere Ende 40 des Schiebestutzens 27 oberhalb der Entlastungsöffnungen des Ventilstutzens 28. Die obere Stirnseite 36 des Ventilstutzens 28 und die Oberseite des Wulstes 29 des Schiebestutzens 27 sind mit einem Stützring 37 abgedeckt. Auf den Stützring 37 wirken die in den Führungsbohrungen 23 angeordneten Schraubenfedern 24, deren Vorspannung durch die Schraubverbindung 20 zwischen Flanschgehäuse 21 und Ventilgehäuse 4 erreicht wird.The valve connector 28 is screwed into the inlet connection 5 of the housing 4 of the changeover valve 2 via a thread 33. The counter nut 34 serves to fix and precisely adjust it. At its lower end, the valve connector 28 carries relief openings 38 to form a relief path, which are connected to the drain connection 6 in the open position of the pressure relief valve 3 via the connection space 19. In the embodiment shown, the sliding connector 27 has no relief opening at its lower end. In the open position of the pressure relief valve 3, the lower end 40 of the sliding connector 27 is located above the relief openings of the valve connector 28. The upper end face 36 of the valve connector 28 and the upper side of the bead 29 of the sliding connector 27 are covered with a support ring 37. The helical springs 24 arranged in the guide bores 23 act on the support ring 37, the pretensioning of which is achieved by the screw connection 20 between the flange housing 21 and the valve housing 4.

In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist im Flanschgehäuse 21 und am Stützring 37 ein zweiteiliger Bewegungsmelder 38 angeordnet, der beim Öffnen und/oder Schließen des Druckbegrenzungsventils 3 impulsförmige Signale erzeugt, die in einer Verarbeitungsanlage 39 verarbeitet und zur Anzeige gebracht werden. Der Bewegungsmelder kann beispielsweise einteilig ausgebildet sein, wobei der eine Teil am Ventilstutzen oder am Stützring, der andere Teil am Flanschgehäuse des Druckbegrenzungsventils angeordnet sind. Arbeitet er berührungsfrei, so ist er beispielsweise optischer, magnetischer, elektronischer oder induktiver Natur. Es sind aber auch mechanisch arbeitende Bewegungsmelder möglich.In the illustrated embodiment, a two-part motion detector 38 is arranged in the flange housing 21 and on the support ring 37, which generates 3 pulse-shaped signals when opening and / or closing the pressure relief valve, which signals are processed in a processing system 39 and displayed. The motion detector can, for example, be made in one piece, one part being arranged on the valve socket or on the support ring, the other part on the flange housing of the pressure relief valve. If it works without contact, it is, for example, optical, magnetic, electronic or inductive in nature. However, mechanical motion detectors are also possible.

Die Arbeitsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gestaltet sich wie folgt: Unter einem Druck stehende Reinigungsflüssigkeit wird durch eine nicht näher dargestellte Zulaufleitung dem Druckbegrenzungsventil 3 zugeführt, durchströmt dieses und fließt in der dargestellten Endlage des Kolbens 8 durch die Ventilöffnung 11, über den Kanal 13, durch die Öffnungen 15 in der Stirnseite 16 des Kolbens 8 in die zu reinigenden Rohrleitungen in Pfeilrichtung und nimmt dabei die als Schwämmchen ausgebildeten Reinigungskörper R mit. Hat die Reinigungsflüssigkeit die Rohrleitungen durchströmt, tritt sie durch die Öffnungen 15 der Stirnseite 17 des Kolbens 8 in den Kanal 14 ein und gelangt zu der Ventilöffnung 12. Von dort strömt sie weiter über den Verbindungsraum 19 zu dem Ablaufanschluß 6. Treffen die Reinigungskörper R nun auf die Stirnseite 17 des Kolbens 8 auf, so verschließen diese die dort angeordneten Öffnungen 15 mit der Folge, daß der Flüssigkeitsdruck ansteigt, durch den der Kolben 8 in seine andere, nichtdargestellte Endlage verschoben wird. Dabei bildet der Ventilstutzen 28 einen die Axialbewegung des Kolbens 8 begrenzenden Anschlag, so daß der Kolben 8 in einer Endlage zur Ruhe kommt, in der der Ventilstutzen 28 mit der Ventilöffnung 12 korrespondiert.The method of operation of the device according to the invention is as follows: a cleaning liquid under pressure is supplied to the pressure relief valve 3 through an inlet line, not shown, flows through it and flows in the illustrated end position of the piston 8 through the valve opening 11, via the channel 13, through the Openings 15 in the end face 16 of the piston 8 in the pipelines to be cleaned in the direction of the arrow and thereby take along the cleaning bodies R designed as sponges. When the cleaning fluid has flowed through the pipes, it enters the channel 14 through the openings 15 of the end face 17 of the piston 8 and reaches the valve opening 12. From there it flows further via the connection space 19 to the drain connection 6. The cleaning bodies R now meet on the end face 17 of the piston 8, these also close the openings 15 arranged there the consequence that the liquid pressure rises, by means of which the piston 8 is displaced into its other, not shown, end position. The valve connector 28 forms a stop limiting the axial movement of the piston 8, so that the piston 8 comes to rest in an end position in which the valve connector 28 corresponds to the valve opening 12.

Übersteigt der Flüssigkeitsdruck einen festgelegten Grenzwert, der für die Verschiebung des Kolbens 8 ausreichen würde, wirkt dieser Überdruck auf die Druckangriffsfläche 31 des Wulstes 29 des Schiebestutzens 27 und schiebt diesen gegen die durch die Schraubenfedern 24 ausgeübte Federkraft axial nach oben, so daß der Entlastungspfad 35 zum Verbindungsraum 19 geöffnet wird. Dabei erzeugt der Bewegungsmelder 38 ein impulsförmiges Signal, das die Verarbeitungseinheit 39 weitergeleitet wird. Auf diese Weise wird die Häufigkeit des Öffnens des Druckbegrenzungsventils 3 erfaßt.If the fluid pressure exceeds a defined limit value, which would be sufficient for the displacement of the piston 8, this overpressure acts on the pressure application surface 31 of the bead 29 of the sliding connector 27 and pushes it axially upward against the spring force exerted by the helical springs 24, so that the relief path 35 to the connecting room 19 is opened. The motion detector 38 generates a pulse-shaped signal which is forwarded to the processing unit 39. In this way, the frequency of opening the pressure relief valve 3 is detected.

Sinkt der Flüssigkeitsdruck unter den festgelegten Grenzwert, so drücken die Schraubenfedern 24 den Schiebestutzen 27 in seine Schließstellung und die Reinigungsflüssigkeit strömt nunmehr durch die Ventilöffnung 12 in umgekehrter Richtung durch die Vorrichtung 1 und die zu reinigenden Rohrleitungen, bis die Reinigungskörper R die Öffnungen 15 in der Stirnseite 16 des Kolbens 8 verschließen und sich der oben beschriebene Umschaltvorgang in umgekehrter Richtung wiederholt.If the liquid pressure drops below the defined limit value, the helical springs 24 push the sliding connection 27 into its closed position and the cleaning liquid now flows through the valve opening 12 in the opposite direction through the device 1 and the pipes to be cleaned until the cleaning bodies R open the openings 15 in the Close the end face 16 of the piston 8 and the switching process described above is repeated in the opposite direction.

Claims (14)

  1. Apparatus for cleaning pipes with a four-way change-over valve, with a housing comprising an inlet connection (5) and outlet connection (6) for a cleaning liquid and connecting means (10) for the pipes as well as a liner (7) for receiving a piston (8) which is displaceable automatically under the influence of cleaning bodies (R) entrained in the cleaning liquid, wherein the piston (8) comprises at its circumference two axially offset valve openings (11, 12) which are each connected by a channel (13, 14) to one face (16, 17) of the piston, and communicate alternately with the inlet connection (5) and the outlet connection (6), characterised in that the inlet connection (5) is connected to a pressure limiting valve (3) which comprises a pressure relief path (35) connected to the outlet connection (6).
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the pressure limiting valve (3) is combined with the valve housing (4) to form a unit.
  3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterised in that the pressure limiting valve (3) is inserted in the inlet connection (5) and the pressure relief path (35) leads into a connecting chamber (19) surrounding the piston (8) on the outlet side.
  4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the pressure limiting valve (3) is inserted in the inlet connection (5) and comprises a valve connection piece (28) which extends as far as the valve openings (11, 12).
  5. Apparatus according to claims 3 and 4, characterised in that the pressure limiting valve (3) comprises a valve connection piece (28) fixed to the housing and an axially movable, hollow cylindrical sliding connection piece (27) which on a step comprises a pressure application surface (31) capable of being subjected to inlet pressure and is biased by a spring force in the opposite direction, wherein the valve connection piece (28) to form the pressure relief path (35) in the region of the connecting chamber (19) comprises pressure relief openings which are closed by the sliding connection piece (27) in the closed position of the pressure limiting valve (3).
  6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterised in that the sliding connection piece (27) comprises on the outside thereof a radially extending bead (29), one side of which forms the pressure application surface (31) and on the opposite side of which the spring force acts.
  7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the sliding connection piece (27) and the valve connection piece (28) are arranged in a flange housing (21) releasably connected to the valve housing (4).
  8. Apparatus according to any of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the spring force can be generated by a plurality of coil springs (24) which are arranged in guide bores (23) fixed in the housing.
  9. Apparatus according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the bead (29) of the sliding connection piece (27) and one end face (36) of the valve connection piece (28) are covered with a support ring (37) on which the coil springs (24) act.
  10. Apparatus according to any of claims 3 to 9, characterised in that the valve connection piece (28) is screwed by a thread (33) into the inlet connection (5) and locked with a lock nut (34).
  11. Apparatus according to any of claims 3 to 10, characterised in that the connecting chamber (19) is formed by a radial recess (18) of the piston (8) between its faces (16, 17).
  12. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the valve openings (11, 12) are arranged in a region of the radial recess (18) of the piston (8) which is formed by a flattened portion of a cylinder section.
  13. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the pressure limiting valve (3) comprises a motion indicator (38) which generates a pulse-like signal on closure and/or on opening of the pressure limiting valve (3).
  14. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the pressure limiting valve (3) is made of a hard-coated aluminium alloy.
EP90100337A 1989-01-23 1990-01-09 Cleaning system for pipelines Expired - Lifetime EP0379882B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3901829A DE3901829A1 (en) 1989-01-23 1989-01-23 DEVICE FOR CLEANING PIPELINES
DE3901829 1989-01-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0379882A2 EP0379882A2 (en) 1990-08-01
EP0379882A3 EP0379882A3 (en) 1991-01-09
EP0379882B1 true EP0379882B1 (en) 1993-07-28

Family

ID=6372583

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90100337A Expired - Lifetime EP0379882B1 (en) 1989-01-23 1990-01-09 Cleaning system for pipelines

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US (1) US5060333A (en)
EP (1) EP0379882B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE91926T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3901829A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0379882T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2044238T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4221577C2 (en) * 1992-07-01 1995-04-13 Bersch Friedrich Device for cleaning pipelines
WO2010114479A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Hydroball Technics Holdings Pte Ltd Cleaning system for cleaning tubing
US10012318B2 (en) * 2015-03-24 2018-07-03 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Shuttle valve stabilization through pressure differential and shuttle valve with hollow poppet with weep hole

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1165455A (en) * 1914-04-09 1915-12-28 George Schlemmer Hose or like conduit cleaning device.
US2011323A (en) * 1933-02-08 1935-08-13 Premier Coil Cleaner Co Pipe and tube cleaner
US1979147A (en) * 1933-11-25 1934-10-30 Dobbelmann Emile Apparatus for cleaning beer coils or other pipes
US2087414A (en) * 1935-05-09 1937-07-20 Schaer Eugene Coil cleaning device
US2746250A (en) * 1952-06-17 1956-05-22 North American Aviation Inc Venturi control device for aircraft brake system
DE1782136C3 (en) * 1968-07-23 1979-01-25 Friedrich 5401 Halsenbach Bersch Device for cleaning pipes, in particular beer pipes
DE1775673A1 (en) * 1968-09-09 1971-09-09 Shell Int Research Automatic pig trap
US3633615A (en) * 1970-03-18 1972-01-11 Sun Oil Co Delaware Control system
US3908688A (en) * 1973-06-08 1975-09-30 Ebenhard S Gandrud Speed adjustment control for a fluid motor
US3896280A (en) * 1974-03-13 1975-07-22 Us Army Valve position indicator
US4057072A (en) * 1976-03-04 1977-11-08 Cook James E Unloader valve
US4403627A (en) * 1980-07-22 1983-09-13 Bradley Gerald R Buffer valve
DE3347004C1 (en) * 1983-12-24 1985-06-05 Friedrich 5401 Halsenbach Bersch Device for cleaning pipelines, in particular tap lines
DE3701572A1 (en) * 1987-01-21 1988-08-04 Danfoss As PRESSURE LIMIT VALVE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0379882A3 (en) 1991-01-09
EP0379882A2 (en) 1990-08-01
ATE91926T1 (en) 1993-08-15
US5060333A (en) 1991-10-29
DE3901829C2 (en) 1991-05-29
DK0379882T3 (en) 1993-11-15
ES2044238T3 (en) 1994-01-01
DE59002046D1 (en) 1993-09-02
DE3901829A1 (en) 1990-08-02

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