EP0378905A1 - Schlitzgekoppelte Streifenleiterantenne und phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne, bestehend aus solchen Antennen - Google Patents

Schlitzgekoppelte Streifenleiterantenne und phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne, bestehend aus solchen Antennen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378905A1
EP0378905A1 EP89312573A EP89312573A EP0378905A1 EP 0378905 A1 EP0378905 A1 EP 0378905A1 EP 89312573 A EP89312573 A EP 89312573A EP 89312573 A EP89312573 A EP 89312573A EP 0378905 A1 EP0378905 A1 EP 0378905A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
patch
slot
sheet
sheets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89312573A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kevin Richard Howard
Gary Patrick Stafford
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems Electronics Ltd
Original Assignee
Marconi Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marconi Co Ltd filed Critical Marconi Co Ltd
Publication of EP0378905A1 publication Critical patent/EP0378905A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennas, and in particular to patch antennas of the form of a conductive patch, usually rectangular, overlying a ground plane and connected to it along one edge of the patch to form a section of line short-circuited at one end and providing a radiating open-circuit other end.
  • the conventional tri-plate patch antenna uses a probe feed, that is, a cable, to connect the patch to a stripline.
  • This type of feed reduces the efficiency of the antenna as the inductive nature of the cable causes energy to be reflected back into the stripline.
  • This feed inductance also contributes to limiting the patch bandwidth to typically 3% at 2:1 VSWR.
  • an antenna comprises a first conductive sheet having a resonant slot, a patch element connected to the first sheet along one side of the slot and extending away from the first sheet at an acute angle, a second conductive sheet substantially parallel to and spaced from the first sheet on the side remote from the patch element, and a conductive feed element positioned between said first and second sheets, the arrangement being such that, in operation, energy is coupled between the feed element and the patch element by means of the resonant slot.
  • the feed element is preferably spaced from said first and second sheets by dielectric material.
  • the antenna may include means connecting the first and second sheets to form a half-wave resonant cavity centred on said slot.
  • the patch element of the antenna may be encapsulated in dielectric material to provide an aerodynamic surface substantially parallel to the first sheet.
  • the antenna may be incorporated into a phased array arrangement comprising a plurality of the antennas arranged in a row with their resonant slots mutually parallel.
  • the first sheets and the second sheets are preferably continuous throughout the array.
  • the first and second sheets may also be curved about an axis parallel to the row of antennas to conform to the curved surface of an aircraft body.
  • the phased array arrangement may be encapsulated in dielectric material so that encapsulation of each patch element provides a continuous aerodynamic surface extending throughout the array.
  • the individual antennas constituting the array may be spaced apart by an amount which would cause a degraded performance in an equivalent array having antenna patches parallel to the second conductive sheet and fed conventionally.
  • Figure 1 shows a standard resonant slot antenna, comprising a conductive sheet 1 containing the slot 2, a stripline feed 3 lying beneath the sheet 1 and arranged to feed the slot 2, and a lower ground plane sheet 4.
  • a dielectric substrate 5 separates the sheets 1 and 4, and also serves to support the stripline feed 3. It will be appreciated that, for the purpose of clarity, in this diagram, and the subsequent Figures 2,3, and 8, the thickness of the conductive sheets and dielectric substrate has been exaggerated relative to the overall size of the antennas.
  • the length of the slot S is chosen so that it acts as a dipole antenna fed from the centre by the stripline.
  • the slot length S usually corresponds to a half-wavelength at the operative frequency of the antenna which may typically be in a range of several gigahertz to several tens of gigahertz, although the invention is not in fact limited to such a range.
  • a good coupling between the slot 2 and the stripline 3 is obtained when the stripline extends beyond the centre of the slot by a distance equal to a quarter-wavelength.
  • a major advantage of this antenna is its thin, conformal shape which makes it suitable, for example, for securing to the surface of an aircraft body.
  • the bandwidth is also good, typically as much as 5%.
  • usefulness of the antenna is limited in this application by its narrow beam pattern which typically extends to a maximum of only 60° either side of a broadside normal through the slot.
  • FIGS 2(a) and 2(b) show a conventional patch antenna which has a similar flat construction.
  • a dielectric substrate 5 separates the radiating patch element 6 from its ground plane 4.
  • a short-circuit is formed at one edge 7 of the patch element by connecting it through the substrate 5 to the ground plane 4, by, for example, a row of shorting pins 8.
  • the length L of the patch is chosen so that, at the operative frequency, the edge 9 of the patch, opposite the short-circuit at 7, constitutes an open-circuit, allowing the signal energy to be maximal at this point.
  • the patch length L is commonly somewhat less than a quarter-wavelength for this purpose, the actual length being dependent on the choice of the substrate material 5.
  • the signal is fed to the patch by means of a stripline (not shown) between the patch 6 and the ground plane 4, as in the resonant slot antenna of Figure 1, except that a direct connection is made between the patch and the stripline by a short cable or probe (also not shown).
  • This form of antenna produces a much broader beam than the resonant slot, but has a very narrow bandwidth, typically 2 or 3%, partly due to the inductive nature of the probe.
  • the present invention concerns an antenna which combines desirable features of both the resonant slot antenna and the patch antenna.
  • the antenna has a standard tri-plate substrate structure comprising a conductive sheet 1, having a resonant slot 2, a stripline feed 3, and a ground plane sheet 4, the two conductive sheets 1 and 4 being separated from the stripline 3 and from each other by two layers of dielectric material 5.
  • the dielectric material may be RT Duroid 5880.
  • the slot length S corresponds to a half-wavelength at the operative frequency of the antenna.
  • the patch element 6 is connected along one edge 10 of the slot and is inclined at an acute angle relative to the sheet 1 so as to be over the slot.
  • the patch may be secured in this position by soldering or welding it to the sheet 1.
  • the separation D is equivalent to a half-wavelength at the operative frequency.
  • the half-wave resonant cavity so formed serves to centre the peak of the electric field in the region of the slot.
  • the sheets 1 and 4 are also connected together at the edges of the antenna (not shown).
  • the signal from the stripline feed 3 is coupled into the slot 2 in the same way as in the resonant slot antenna. It would be expected that an antenna constructed in this way would have substantially the same radiation pattern as the standard resonant slot antenna, but with the patch element acting to deflect the centre of the narrow beam away from its normal broadside position to some acute angle relative to the plane of the antenna. However, it is found that the slot itself, instead of behaving like the final radiating element of the antenna, directly couples its resonant energy into the patch element. By matching the impedance of the slot to that of the patch element, the slot transfers most of its energy to the field below the patch.
  • the width W of the patch 6 is made approximately 67% greater than the length S of the resonant slot 2 to minimise the effect of energy radiating from the slot interacting with that of the patch, which results in ripples on the radiation patterns.
  • the patch element thus becomes the significant radiating element, and the antenna has a radiation pattern substantially consistent with that of a conventional 'flat' patch antenna, but having a higher efficiency than the probe fed patch.
  • the arrangement has been shown to produce a gain of up to 8dB and a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 10% has been achieved.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show the antenna beam characteristics in E-plane (azimuth) and H-plane (elevation) respectively. It is seen that the antenna provides the typical broad beam pattern that is characteristic of conventional patch antennas.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show the improved return loss and reflection phase/frequency performance of the antenna transmission coupling. The return loss over a band 5% either side of the operative frequency f o is better than -10dB.
  • the angle of the patch relative to the ground plane is chosen to provide the optimum coupling, that is, the best match between the slot and the patch. If the angle is made too small, the radiated energy tends to be coupled into the ground plane, whereas if the angle is made too large the resonant slot tends to become the dominant radiating element, reducing the strength of the much broader beam of the patch.
  • the slot lies beneath the patch element, the antenna could be constructed with the slot exposed. However, this arrangement would considerably weaken the coupling between the slot and the patch element, and the impedance matching would be more difficult to achieve. The slot would also become a significant source of radiation, reducing the strength of the patch element beam.
  • Figures 8(a) and 8(b) show a phased array antenna built up of individual antenna elements of the type shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b). Although, for clarity only four such elements are shown, it will be appreciated that a practical array is likely to have ten or more elements per row.
  • the shorting pins (11 in Figure 3(a)) have also been omitted for clarity only.
  • the ground plane 4 and the conductive sheet 1 containing the resonant slots 2 are continuous throughout the array.
  • the stripline feeds 3 to the individual patches 6 include a right-angled bend so that each feed emerges essentially parallel to its associated resonant slot.
  • the antenna offers a further advantage in its ease of construction over existing patch antennas in that the patch element needs only to be soldered or welded along the short-circuit edge.
  • Conventional patch elements require the insertion of shorting pins or the formation of plated-through holes through the dielectric substrate to the ground plane.
  • the shorting pins or plated-through holes have an associated shunt susceptance whose effect is to degrade the quality of the short-circuit at the patch edge (7 in Figure 2) which necessitates an adjustment to the design length of the patch.
  • the antenna may be constructed so that the sheets 1 and 4 (and any intervening dielectric) are curved about an axis in the plane of, but transverse to, the resonant slot 2.
  • This form of construction may require that the patch element 6 be similarly curved in order to maintain contact with the sheet 1 at the short-circuit edge 10 of the patch ( Figure 3).
  • the exterior face of the antenna including the space between the patch element 6 and the sheet 1 may be encased in a dielectric material of relatively low dielectric constant.
  • a suitable material is P10 foam which has a dielectric constant of 1.5.
  • Figure 10 shows the radiation pattern of an antenna encased in this foam.
  • the material serves three distinct functions : it provides a smooth aerodynamic external surface suitable for inclusion in an aircraft body or missile radome panel; it acts as a supporting medium for the patch; and it decreases the effective resonant wavelength of the patch, allowing the size of the antenna to be reduced, a significant advantage in any airborne application.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP89312573A 1988-12-16 1989-12-01 Schlitzgekoppelte Streifenleiterantenne und phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne, bestehend aus solchen Antennen Withdrawn EP0378905A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8829446A GB2226703A (en) 1988-12-16 1988-12-16 Antenna
GB8829446 1988-12-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0378905A1 true EP0378905A1 (de) 1990-07-25

Family

ID=10648650

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89312573A Withdrawn EP0378905A1 (de) 1988-12-16 1989-12-01 Schlitzgekoppelte Streifenleiterantenne und phasengesteuerte Gruppenantenne, bestehend aus solchen Antennen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0378905A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2226703A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0541276A1 (de) * 1991-11-04 1993-05-12 Hughes Aircraft Company Breitbandige konforme Gruppenantenne aus geneigten Schlitzleitungen
EP0634809A1 (de) * 1993-07-13 1995-01-18 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson Hohlleiter-Antenne mit Breitseiteschlitzen
EP0671777A1 (de) * 1994-03-08 1995-09-13 Hughes Aircraft Company Verbindung zwischen Schichten mit Leiterstreifen oder Mikrostreifen mittels eines Hohlraum gestützten Schlitzes
EP1494317A1 (de) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-05 HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. An einem Fahrzeug angebrachte Schlitzantenne
KR100541078B1 (ko) * 2003-05-27 2006-01-10 삼성전기주식회사 임피던스 조절이 용이한 스트립라인
US7639198B2 (en) 2005-06-02 2009-12-29 Andrew Llc Dipole antenna array having dipole arms tilted at an acute angle
WO2021190333A1 (zh) 2020-03-24 2021-09-30 安川昌昭 电磁波收发装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4583098A (en) * 1984-08-31 1986-04-15 Rca Corporation Circularly polarized antenna using axial slot and slanted parasitic radiators
EP0209156A2 (de) * 1985-07-19 1987-01-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Planarantenne mit Streifenradiator
US4724443A (en) * 1985-10-31 1988-02-09 X-Cyte, Inc. Patch antenna with a strip line feed element

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4583098A (en) * 1984-08-31 1986-04-15 Rca Corporation Circularly polarized antenna using axial slot and slanted parasitic radiators
EP0209156A2 (de) * 1985-07-19 1987-01-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Planarantenne mit Streifenradiator
US4724443A (en) * 1985-10-31 1988-02-09 X-Cyte, Inc. Patch antenna with a strip line feed element

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS MILITARY MICROWAVES'86, 24th-26th June 1986, pages 329-334, Brighton, GB; HENDERSON et al.: "Bandwidth extension techniques in printed conformal antennas" *
RADIO AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEER, vol. 48, no. 11, November 1978, pages 549-565; P.S. HALL et al.: "Survey of design techniques for flat profile microwave antennas and arrays" *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0541276A1 (de) * 1991-11-04 1993-05-12 Hughes Aircraft Company Breitbandige konforme Gruppenantenne aus geneigten Schlitzleitungen
TR26121A (tr) * 1991-11-04 1995-02-15 Hughes Aircraft Co Genis bantli, acilari degismeyen egik yarik hatli anten dizisi.
EP0634809A1 (de) * 1993-07-13 1995-01-18 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson Hohlleiter-Antenne mit Breitseiteschlitzen
US5467101A (en) * 1993-07-13 1995-11-14 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Waveguide antenna with transversal slots
EP0671777A1 (de) * 1994-03-08 1995-09-13 Hughes Aircraft Company Verbindung zwischen Schichten mit Leiterstreifen oder Mikrostreifen mittels eines Hohlraum gestützten Schlitzes
US5471181A (en) * 1994-03-08 1995-11-28 Hughes Missile Systems Company Interconnection between layers of striplines or microstrip through cavity backed slot
KR100541078B1 (ko) * 2003-05-27 2006-01-10 삼성전기주식회사 임피던스 조절이 용이한 스트립라인
EP1494317A1 (de) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-05 HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. An einem Fahrzeug angebrachte Schlitzantenne
US7088295B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2006-08-08 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle-mounted antenna
US7639198B2 (en) 2005-06-02 2009-12-29 Andrew Llc Dipole antenna array having dipole arms tilted at an acute angle
WO2021190333A1 (zh) 2020-03-24 2021-09-30 安川昌昭 电磁波收发装置
US11387562B2 (en) 2020-03-24 2022-07-12 Eiko Techno Corp Electromagnetic wave transceiving apparutus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8829446D0 (en) 1989-05-17
GB2226703A (en) 1990-07-04

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