EP0374437B1 - Piston device with variable pressure area - Google Patents

Piston device with variable pressure area Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0374437B1
EP0374437B1 EP89120085A EP89120085A EP0374437B1 EP 0374437 B1 EP0374437 B1 EP 0374437B1 EP 89120085 A EP89120085 A EP 89120085A EP 89120085 A EP89120085 A EP 89120085A EP 0374437 B1 EP0374437 B1 EP 0374437B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supporting
diaphragm
supporting element
members
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89120085A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0374437A1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Deike
Bernd-Joachim Kiel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wabco Vermogensverwaltung GmbH
Original Assignee
Wabco Vermogensverwaltung GmbH
Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Wabco Vermogensverwaltung GmbH, Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH filed Critical Wabco Vermogensverwaltung GmbH
Publication of EP0374437A1 publication Critical patent/EP0374437A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0374437B1 publication Critical patent/EP0374437B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/18—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle weight or load, e.g. load distribution
    • B60T8/1812—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle weight or load, e.g. load distribution characterised by the means for pressure reduction
    • B60T8/1825—Means for changing the diaphragm area submitted to pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piston device with a variable effective area, in particular for a load-dependent brake force control device for vehicle brake systems, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a piston device is known for example from DE-PS 1 231 584.
  • This known piston device is arranged in a brake force control device for a vehicle brake system and is used to actuate a brake pressure control valve, the controlled variable of which can be adjusted via an actuator which is adjustable as a function of the load.
  • the effective diameter and thus the effective area of the membrane of the piston device acted upon by a control pressure changed by more or less deep immersion of the support members connected to a control member into the recesses between support members fixedly arranged in the housing.
  • the effective area of the membrane acted upon by the control pressure is reduced by the area of the membrane supported by the support members fixedly arranged in the housing.
  • the support members of the support element arranged in the housing in this known braking force control device are designed and arranged so that the distance between two adjacent support members of this support element is at least on the side of the support element facing the membrane over the major part of the radial extent of these support members or is approximately the same.
  • the membrane can move between the support members of the movable support element in the direction of the support members of the bulging the support element arranged in a fixed manner, so that parts of the membrane remain in contact with the support members of the fixed support element.
  • the brake force control device must be designed in accordance with this document so that the movable support element executes a relatively large stroke. This can cause the membrane to overstretch.
  • One consequence of this may be that, for a certain stroke of the control element, an increase in the effective area of the membrane which is acted upon by the control pressure is not achieved.
  • GB-A-1 029 183 discloses a brake force control device similar to that described in DE-PS 1 231 584.
  • This known braking force control device also has a stationary support element and a movable support element which interacts with it.
  • this known braking force control device also has the disadvantage that the distance between the support members of the movable support element widens outwards, so that when the movable support element is lifted, the membrane on the support members of the fixedly arranged support element is unwanted can remain in the system over a certain stroke, even if this is not desired.
  • the membrane can bulge in an undesired manner, as already described above.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a piston device of the type mentioned at the outset, in which an unintentional influence on the effective area of the membrane acted upon by the control pressure in the form of an uncontrollable increase or decrease in this effective area is largely prevented.
  • the invention offers the advantage in particular of obtaining an approximately linear change in the area of the active area of the membrane for the adjustment stroke.
  • the change in area of the active surface of the membrane is achieved even with very small strokes of the control member and thus also of the second support element (relative movement between the second support element and the first support element in the direction of their longitudinal axis). Due to the smaller adjustment stroke required, the membrane is prevented from being overstretched.
  • a piston device with a variable active surface is arranged in a housing (1).
  • the piston device has a control element (5) designed as a hollow body, which in this exemplary embodiment is designed as a piston part that can be displaced in a sealed manner by means of a sealing ring (4), and a membrane (10) attached to it.
  • the membrane (10) is clamped with its outer edge area in the housing (1).
  • a double valve body (7) is arranged inside the piston part (5) and is under the pretension of a spring (6) and forms an inlet valve (7, 8) of a pressure control valve with a valve seat (8) provided on the piston part (5).
  • the piston (5, 10) consisting of the piston part (5) and the membrane (10) has an upper constant active surface and a lower active surface (21) that changes with the movement of the piston (5, 10).
  • a first control chamber (2) is delimited by the upper active surface and is connected to a pressure medium connection (3), for example for brake pressure control means.
  • a relay piston (12) is arranged such that it can be moved and sealed by means of a sealing ring.
  • a chamber (11) serving as a second control chamber is delimited by the relay piston (12) and the membrane (10).
  • the relay piston (12) has on its side facing the second control chamber (11) a tubular extension (20) which is arranged coaxially to the piston (5, 10) and which is in the piston part (5) of the piston (5, 10) designed as a hollow body. to be led.
  • the tubular extension (20) of the relay piston (12) extends through the relay piston (12) into a working chamber (13) bounded by the relay piston (12), which on the side of the relay piston (12) facing away from the second control chamber (11) is located.
  • An outlet valve (14, 16) is formed from the part of the tubular extension (20) located in the working chamber (13) and designed as a valve seat (14) and from a double valve body (16) sealed in a housing recess.
  • a ring-shaped Housing insert (17) is arranged in a housing recess concentric with the double valve body (16).
  • the housing insert (17) is designed as a valve seat (15) for an inlet valve (15, 16) consisting of the double valve body (16) and the valve seat (15) fixed to the housing.
  • the double valve body (16) is loaded by means of a spring in the direction of the valve seat (15) of the inlet valve (15, 16).
  • a working chamber (13) connected to a brake cylinder can be connected to a pressure medium inlet chamber (19) or to the atmosphere via the inlet valve (15, 16) or the outlet valve (14, 16).
  • the pressure medium inlet chamber (19) is connected to a pressure medium reservoir via a pressure medium inlet, not shown.
  • the hollow plunger (18) creates the load-dependent, adjustable connection between the pressure control valve (7, 9, 8) serving as a brake pressure control valve and a control part.
  • the end of the hollow plunger (18) facing away from the pressure control valve (7, 8; 9) is operatively connected to a control cam (not shown).
  • the membrane (10) bears against these end faces (22).
  • support members (25) are arranged radially outwards, extending away from the support, the end faces (26) of which face the membrane (10) form parts of an opposing conical jacket.
  • the support members (23) fixed to the fixedly arranged support (24) form a first support element (24, 23) and the support members (25) connected to the support designed as a piston part (5) form a second support element (5, 25).
  • the support members (23) arranged stationary in the housing (1) can be part of the housing (1).
  • the first support element (24, 23) and the second support element (5, 25) are arranged coaxially to one another and are designed such that they can be moved relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston device, the support members (25) of the one support element (5, 25) immerse in spaces between the support members (23) of the respective other support element (24, 23) or at least partially emerge therefrom, around the membrane support (5, 25) consisting of the two support elements (5, 25) and (24, 23) 25, 24, 23) in the sense of a change in the effective area (21) of the membrane (10).
  • the stationary arranged support members (23) have in their radially inwardly extending free end area an increasing curve shape extending away from the membrane (10).
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the two support elements (5, 25) and (23, 24).
  • the components that are the same as the components shown in FIG. 1 are provided with the same reference numbers.
  • a number of radially inwardly extending support members (23) are provided on an annular support (24), which is arranged in a stationary manner in the housing (1) as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the length of the support members (23) is such that their free ends form a boundary for a circular opening (27).
  • annular support (5) (piston part 5 in FIG. 1), which is located with its part facing the membrane (10) within the circular opening (27), a number of radially outwardly extending support members ( 25) arranged.
  • the first support element (24, 23) consisting of the support (24) and the support members (23) and the second support element (5, 25) consisting of the support (5) and the support members (25) are arranged so that the Support members (25) of the second support element (5, 25) into the slots delimited by the support members (23) of the first support element (24, 23) engage and vice versa the support members (23) of the first support element (24, 23) engage in the slots of the second support element (5, 25) delimited by the support members (25).
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show a membrane support in which the support members of the support elements are designed in such a way that bulging of the membrane is largely prevented.
  • support members (28, 29, 30) which extend radially outward are arranged on the carrier (5) of a second support element.
  • Each support member (28, 29, 30) has the shape of a letter Y and is composed of a neck-shaped part (28) and two legs (29) and (30) adjoining this.
  • the Y-shaped support member (28, 29, 30) is arranged with its neck-shaped part (28) on the annular support (5), so that the free legs (29, 30) extend essentially radially outwards.
  • the angle between the legs (29, 30) of a support member (28, 29, 30) and the angle between the mutually facing sides of the legs (30, 32) of two support members (28, 29, 30) and (31 , 32, 33) is dimensioned such that the distance (c) between the mutually facing sides of the legs (29, 30) or (32, 33) of each support member (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) and also the distance (b) between the mutually facing sides of the legs (30, 32) of two support members (28, 29, 30) and arranged adjacent to one another (31, 32, 33) over the major part of the axial extension of the support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) is approximately the same.
  • each support member (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) is designed and dimensioned such that the distance (a) between the mutually facing sides of the neck-shaped parts (28) or (31) of two adjacent support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) is approximately equal to the distance (c) between the mutually facing sides of the legs (30, 32) of two adjacent support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) and also approximately the same as the distance (c) between the mutually facing sides of two legs (29, 30) and (32, 33) a support member (28, 29, 30) or (31, 32, 33).
  • FIG. 4 shows the first support element, which forms a membrane support with the second support element shown in FIG. 3.
  • Support members (34) and (35) which extend radially inwards are arranged on an annular support (24). Two support members arranged adjacent to each other have different shapes and lengths.
  • Each support member (34) has a shape which is adapted to the free space between two support members (30, 32) of the second support element according to FIG. 3.
  • the respective other support member (35) has a shape which is adapted to the free space between two legs (29, 30) of a support member (28, 29, 30) according to FIG. 3.
  • the first support element shown in FIG. 4 can also be viewed as an annular disk (24) with Y-shaped recesses (d, e and f), the annular disk (24) with the Y-shaped recesses (d, e, f) represents a negative form for the second support element according to FIG. 3, which has the Y-shaped support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33).
  • the distances (d, e and f) between the mutually facing sides of the support members (34) and (35) are approximately the same over the major part of the axial extent of the support members (34, 35), at least on the side facing the membrane.
  • this also applies to the second support element according to FIG. 3 (distances a, b, c).
  • FIG. 5 shows the first support element according to FIG. 4 and the second support element according to FIG. 3 in the assembled state.
  • the support members of the first support element are as in Fig. 4 with the reference numerals (34) and (35) and the support members of the second support element are designated as in Fig. 3 with the reference numbers (28, 29, 30).
  • the support for the first support element has the reference number (24) and the support for the second support element has the reference number (5).
  • FIG. 6 shows a membrane support consisting of two support elements, in which the support members of the second support element have a slight wedge shape, the wedge shape being only very weakly formed by the distance between the sides of two adjacent to each other To keep support members almost constant over the major part of the axial extent of the support members.
  • the supports for the support members of the support elements are provided with the same reference numerals used in FIG. 1.
  • each support member (36) On an annular support (5) are arranged at the same distance from each other support members (36) which extend radially outwards.
  • Each support member (36) has a slight wedge shape and is arranged on the carrier (5) so that its contact surface for the membrane tapers too slightly in the direction of the carrier (5). In this way, the distance between the mutually facing sides of two support members (36) arranged adjacent to one another is kept approximately the same over the majority of the axial extent of the support members (36).
  • the supporting element cooperating with this supporting element consists of an annular carrier (24) on which supporting members (37) which extend radially inwards are fixedly arranged.
  • the support members (37) of this support element also have a slight wedge shape and are arranged such that their contact surfaces for the membrane taper too slightly in the direction of their free end region.
  • the support members of the one support element engage in the corresponding free spaces between the support members of the other support element, preferably without contact.
  • the first control chamber (2), the second control chamber (11) and the working chamber (13) are depressurized. Pressure medium from a pressure medium storage container is present in the pressure medium inlet chamber (19).
  • the piston (5, 10) serving as a control piston is in its upper end position and the membrane (10) of the piston (5, 10) lies on the support surface (21) of the stationary members in the housing (1) formed by the support members (23). arranged first support element (24, 23) of the piston device (5, 10, 24, 23, 25).
  • the valve device (8, 7, 9) designed as an inlet valve (8, 7) of the pressure control valve is closed and the associated outlet valve (9, 7) is in the open position.
  • control pressure medium for example from a brake valve
  • control pressure medium is introduced into the first control chamber (2) via the control connection (3)
  • control pressure medium is applied to the constant annular surface of the piston part (5) delimiting the first control chamber (2).
  • the piston part (5) is moved downward in the direction of the second control chamber (11) by the force of the control pressure building up in the first control chamber (2).
  • the support members (25) firmly connected to the piston part (5) plunge deeper into the free spaces between the support members (23) of the first support element (24, 23).
  • the support surface (26) formed by the side of the support members of the second support element (5, 25) facing the membrane comes to rest on the membrane (10) with its area close to the piston part (5).
  • the outlet valve (9, 7) comes into the closed position and the inlet valve (8, 7) is opened.
  • Control pressure medium passes from the first control chamber (2) through the open inlet valve (8, 7) and the gap between the lateral surface of the extension of the relay piston (12) and the inner wall of the tubular piston part (5) into the second control chamber (11).
  • the control pressure building up in the second control chamber (11) causes the relay piston (12) to move in the closing direction of the outlet valve (14, 16) which can be actuated by the relay piston (12) and in the opening direction of the inlet valve (15, 16).
  • the outlet valve (14, 16) comes into the closed position and the inlet valve (15, 15) comes into the open position.
  • Pressure medium flows from the pressure medium inlet chamber (19) into the working chamber (13) and from there through a pressure medium outlet to a consumer, e.g. Brake cylinder.
  • the working pressure in the working chamber (13) counteracts the force of the control pressure in the second control chamber (11) on the relay piston (12).
  • the piston (5, 10) moves upwards towards the first control chamber (2) postponed.
  • the inlet valve (7, 8) of the pressure control valve (7, 8, 9) reaches the closed position.
  • the distance (a) between the neck-shaped parts (28) and (31) and the distance (b) between the mutually facing sides of the legs (30) and (32) of two adjacent support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) over the majority Part of the axial extent of the support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) is approximately constant, ie, increases only slightly with increasing length of the support elements and increasing diameter of the membrane, the membrane (10) can also bulge only slightly. It remains in the area of the second support element (5, 25) which, when there is a relative movement between the first support element (24, 23) and the second support element (5, 25), on the side of the first support element (10) facing the membrane (10). 24, 23) emerges, no longer on the contact surface (22) of the first support element (24, 23).
  • the described piston device can be used to carry out a more precise and finely graduated brake pressure control.
  • the claimed piston device can be used in any control or regulating valve device.
  • the piston device itself can function as a relay piston.
  • the pressure medium chamber serving as the second control chamber in the exemplary embodiment would have the function of a working chamber which is connected to a consumer.
  • the support members of the support elements for the membrane can have any other shape, for example a curve shape, in deviation from the shapes described.
  • the distance between the support members of the movable support element or also the stationary support element is approximately the same over the major part of the axial extent of the support members and / or does not exceed a value preventing the membrane from penetrating between the support members or that the support members of the second support element are designed so that the support surface of the second support element, which can be brought into contact with the membrane, is larger than the free spaces between the support members of the second support element, so that even when using diaphragms and support elements that are very large in diameter, a strong bulge and thus The bulging membrane portions remain largely in the area of one of the support elements from which the membrane is to be lifted by means of the other support element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kolbeneinrichtung mit veränderbarer Wirkfläche, insbesondere für eine lastabhängige Bremskraftregeleinrichtung für Fahrzeugbremsanlagen, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a piston device with a variable effective area, in particular for a load-dependent brake force control device for vehicle brake systems, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine derartige Kolbeneinrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 1 231 584 bekannt.Such a piston device is known for example from DE-PS 1 231 584.

Diese bekannte Kolbeneinrichtung ist in einer Bremskraftregeleinrichtung für eine Fahrzeugbremsanlage angeordnet und dient zur Betätigung eines Bremsdruckregelventils, dessen Regelgröße über ein lastabhängig verstellbares Stellglied einstellbar ist.This known piston device is arranged in a brake force control device for a vehicle brake system and is used to actuate a brake pressure control valve, the controlled variable of which can be adjusted via an actuator which is adjustable as a function of the load.

Der Wirksame Durchmesser und somit die von einem Steuerdruck beaufschlagte Wirkfläche der Membran der Kolbeneinrichtung wird durch mehr oder weniger tiefes Eintauchen der mit einem Steuerglied verbundenen Stützglieder in die Ausnehmungen zwischen im Gehäuse fest angeordneten Stützgliedern verändert. Die vom Steuerdruck beaufschlagte Wirkfläche der Membran wird dabei um den von den im Gehäuse fest angeordneten Stützgliedern abgestützten Bereich der Membran reduziert.The effective diameter and thus the effective area of the membrane of the piston device acted upon by a control pressure changed by more or less deep immersion of the support members connected to a control member into the recesses between support members fixedly arranged in the housing. The effective area of the membrane acted upon by the control pressure is reduced by the area of the membrane supported by the support members fixedly arranged in the housing.

Die Stützglieder des im Gehäuse ortsfest angeordneten Stützelementes sind bei dieser bekannten Bremskraftregeleinrichtung so ausgebildet und so zueinander angeordnet, daß der Abstand zwischen je zwei benachbarten Stützgliedern dieses Stützelementes wenigstens auf der der Membran zugewandten Seite des Stützelementes über den überwiegenden Teil der radialen Erstreckung dieser Stützglieder gleich oder annähernd gleich ist.The support members of the support element arranged in the housing in this known braking force control device are designed and arranged so that the distance between two adjacent support members of this support element is at least on the side of the support element facing the membrane over the major part of the radial extent of these support members or is approximately the same.

Der Abstand zwischen den Stützgliedern des mit dem ortsfest angeordneten zusammenwirkenden bewegbaren Stützelementes vergrößert sich jedoch nach außen hin zunehmend.However, the distance between the support members of the movable support element which cooperates with the stationary arrangement increases progressively towards the outside.

Wird das bewegbare Stützelement in Richtung der Längsachse des Relaiskolbens vom ortsfest angeordneten Stützelement wegbewegt und hebt dabei die Membran vom ortsfest angeordneten Stützelement ab, so kann die Membran zwischen den Stützgliedern des bewegbaren Stützelementes in Richtung auf die Stützglieder des ortsfest angeordneten Stützelementes zu ausbeulen, so daß Teilbereiche der Membran in Anlage mit den Stützgliedern des ortsfest angeordneten Stützelementes verbleiben.If the movable support element is moved away from the stationary support element in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the relay piston and thereby lifts the membrane from the stationary support element, the membrane can move between the support members of the movable support element in the direction of the support members of the bulging the support element arranged in a fixed manner, so that parts of the membrane remain in contact with the support members of the fixed support element.

Um dies zu verhindern, muß die Bremskraftregeleinrichtung gemäß dieser Schrift so ausgebildet sein, daß das bewegbare Stützelement einen relativ großen Hub ausführt. Dies kann zu einer Überdehnung der Membran führen. Eine Folge daraus kann sein, daß bei einem bestimmten Hub des Steuergliedes eine diesem Hub zugeordnete Vergrößerung der vom Steuerdruck beaufschlagten Wirkfläche der Membran nicht erreicht wird.To prevent this, the brake force control device must be designed in accordance with this document so that the movable support element executes a relatively large stroke. This can cause the membrane to overstretch. One consequence of this may be that, for a certain stroke of the control element, an increase in the effective area of the membrane which is acted upon by the control pressure is not achieved.

Aus der GB-A-1 029 183 ist eine ähnliche Bremskraftregeleinrichtung bekannt, wie sie in der DE-PS 1 231 584 beschrieben wird.GB-A-1 029 183 discloses a brake force control device similar to that described in DE-PS 1 231 584.

Diese bekannte Bremskraftregeleinrichtung weist ebenfalls ein ortsfest angeordnetes Stützelement und ein mit diesem zusammenwirkendes bewegbares Stützelement auf.This known braking force control device also has a stationary support element and a movable support element which interacts with it.

Diese bekannte Bremskraftregeleinrichtung hat jedoch auch den Nachteil, daß der Abstand zwischen den Stützgliedern des bewegbaren Stützelementes sich nach außen hin erweitert, so daß bei einem Hub des bewegbaren Stützelementes die Membran an den Stützgliedern des ortsfest angeordneten Stützelementes ungewollt über einen bestimmten Hub noch in Anlage verbleiben kann, auch wenn dies nicht gewünscht wird. Zudem kann die Membran in ungewollter Weise, wie vorstehend bereits beschrieben, ausbeulen.However, this known braking force control device also has the disadvantage that the distance between the support members of the movable support element widens outwards, so that when the movable support element is lifted, the membrane on the support members of the fixedly arranged support element is unwanted can remain in the system over a certain stroke, even if this is not desired. In addition, the membrane can bulge in an undesired manner, as already described above.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kolbeneinrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen, bei welcher eine unbeabsichtigte Beeinflussung der vom Steuerdruck beaufschlagten Wirkfläche der Membran in Form einer nicht kontrollierbaren Vergrößerung oder Verringerung dieser Wirkfläche weitestgehend verhindert wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a piston device of the type mentioned at the outset, in which an unintentional influence on the effective area of the membrane acted upon by the control pressure in the form of an uncontrollable increase or decrease in this effective area is largely prevented.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung gelöst. Weiterbildungen und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved with the invention specified in claim 1. Further developments and advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung bietet insbesondere den Vorteil, eine annähernd lineare Flächenänderung der Wirkfläche der Membran zum Verstellhub zu erhalten. Die Flächenänderung der Wirkfläche der Membran wird bereits bei sehr kleinen Hüben des Steuergliedes und somit auch des zweiten Stützelementes (Relativbewegung zwischen dem zweiten Stützelement und dem ersten Stützelement in Richtung ihrer Längsachse) erreicht. Aufgrund des geringeren erforderlichen Verstellhubes wird eine Überdehnung der Membran verhindert.The invention offers the advantage in particular of obtaining an approximately linear change in the area of the active area of the membrane for the adjustment stroke. The change in area of the active surface of the membrane is achieved even with very small strokes of the control member and thus also of the second support element (relative movement between the second support element and the first support element in the direction of their longitudinal axis). Due to the smaller adjustment stroke required, the membrane is prevented from being overstretched.

Bei Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Kolbeneinrichtung in einer Bremskraftregeleinrichtung läßt sich eine genauere Bremsdruckregelung erzielen. Aufgrund des geringeren Verstellhubes und einer dadurch erzielten geringeren Dehnung der Membran ist ein geringerer Ansprechdruck erforderlich.When using the piston device according to the invention in a braking force control device, more precise brake pressure control can be achieved. A lower response pressure is required due to the shorter adjustment stroke and the resulting lower expansion of the membrane.

Anhand der Zeichnung werden nachstehend Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert.Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
den eine Kolbeneinrichtung und ein Regelventil beinhaltenden Teil einer lastabhängigen Bremskraftregeleinrichtung;
Fig. 2
die beiden Stützelemente einer Kolbeneinrichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
Fig. 3
das bewegbar angeordnete Stützelement einer Kolbeneinrichtung mit Y-förmig ausgebildeten Stützgliedern;
Fig. 4
das mit dem bewegbaren Stützelement zusammenwirkende ortsfest angeordnete Stützelement der Kolbeneinrichtung;
Fig. 5
die in den Figuren 3 und 4 gezeigten Stützelemente im zusammengefügten Zustand und
Fig. 6
eine Kolbeneinrichtung mit keilförmig ausgebildeten Stützgliedern.
Show it:
Fig. 1
the part of a load-dependent brake force control device containing a piston device and a control valve;
Fig. 2
the two support elements of a piston device according to the prior art;
Fig. 3
the movably arranged support element of a piston device with Y-shaped support members;
Fig. 4
the stationary support element of the piston device which interacts with the movable support element;
Fig. 5
the support elements shown in Figures 3 and 4 in the assembled state and
Fig. 6
a piston device with wedge-shaped support members.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist in einem Gehäuse (1) eine Kolbeneinrichtung mit veränderbarer Wirkfläche angeordnet. Die Kolbeneinrichtung weist ein als Hohlkörper ausgebildetes Steuerglied (5), welches in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel als ein mittels eines Dichtringes (4) abgedichtet verschiebbares Kolbenteil ausgebildet ist, und eine an diesem befestigte Membran (10) auf. Die Membran (10) ist mit ihrem äußeren Randbereich im Gehäuse (1) eingespannt.1, a piston device with a variable active surface is arranged in a housing (1). The piston device has a control element (5) designed as a hollow body, which in this exemplary embodiment is designed as a piston part that can be displaced in a sealed manner by means of a sealing ring (4), and a membrane (10) attached to it. The membrane (10) is clamped with its outer edge area in the housing (1).

Innerhalb des Kolbenteiles (5) ist ein Doppelventilkörper (7) angeordnet, der unter der Vorspannung einer Feder (6) steht und mit einem am Kolbenteil (5) vorgesehenen Ventilsitz (8) ein Einlaßventil (7, 8) eines Druckregelventils bildet. Der aus dem Kolbenteil (5) und der Membran (10) bestehende Kolben (5, 10) weist eine obere konstante Wirkfläche und eine mit der Bewegung des Kolbens (5, 10) veränderliche untere Wirkfläche (21) auf.
Von der oberen Wirkfläche wird eine erste Steuerkammer (2) begrenzt, die mit einem Druckmittelanschluß (3), für z.B. Bremsdrucksteuermittel, verbunden ist.
Auf der der ersten Steuerkammer (2) abgewandten Seite des Kolbens (5, 10) ist ein Relaiskolben (12) mittels eines Dichtringes abgedichtet verschiebbar angeordnet. Vom Relaiskolben (12) und der Membran (10) wird eine als zweite Steuerkammer dienende Kammer (11) begrenzt.A double valve body (7) is arranged inside the piston part (5) and is under the pretension of a spring (6) and forms an inlet valve (7, 8) of a pressure control valve with a valve seat (8) provided on the piston part (5). The piston (5, 10) consisting of the piston part (5) and the membrane (10) has an upper constant active surface and a lower active surface (21) that changes with the movement of the piston (5, 10).
A first control chamber (2) is delimited by the upper active surface and is connected to a pressure medium connection (3), for example for brake pressure control means.
On the side of the piston (5, 10) facing away from the first control chamber (2), a relay piston (12) is arranged such that it can be moved and sealed by means of a sealing ring. A chamber (11) serving as a second control chamber is delimited by the relay piston (12) and the membrane (10).

Der Relaiskolben (12) weist auf seiner der zweiten Steuerkammer (11) zugewandten Seite einen koaxial zum Kolben (5, 10) angeordneten rohrförmigen Fortsatz (20) auf, der in dem als Hohlkörper ausgebildeten Kolbenteil (5) des Kolbens (5, 10) geführt wird. Der rohrförmige Fortsatz (20) des Relaiskolbens (12) erstreckt sich durch den Relaiskolben (12) hindurch in eine vom Relaiskolben (12) begrenzte Arbeitskammer (13) hinein, die auf der der zweiten Steuerkammer (11) abgewandten Seite des Relaiskolbens (12) gelegen ist.The relay piston (12) has on its side facing the second control chamber (11) a tubular extension (20) which is arranged coaxially to the piston (5, 10) and which is in the piston part (5) of the piston (5, 10) designed as a hollow body. to be led. The tubular extension (20) of the relay piston (12) extends through the relay piston (12) into a working chamber (13) bounded by the relay piston (12), which on the side of the relay piston (12) facing away from the second control chamber (11) is located.

Von dem in der Arbeitskammer (13) gelegenen, als Ventilsitz (14) ausgebildeten Teil des rohrförmigen Fortsatzes (20) und einem in einer Gehäuseausnehmung abgedichtet geführten Doppelventilkörper (16) wird ein Auslaßventil (14, 16) gebildet. Ein ringförmiger Gehäuseeinsatz (17) ist in einer Gehäuseausnehmung konzentrisch zum Doppelventilkörper (16) angeordnet. Der Gehäuseeinsatz (17) ist als Ventilsitz (15) für ein aus dem Doppelventilkörper (16) und dem gehäusefesten Ventilsitz (15) bestehendes Einlaßventils (15, 16) ausgebildet. Mittels einer Feder wird der Doppelventilkörper (16) in Richtung auf den Ventilsitz (15) des Einlaßventils (15, 16) zu belastet.An outlet valve (14, 16) is formed from the part of the tubular extension (20) located in the working chamber (13) and designed as a valve seat (14) and from a double valve body (16) sealed in a housing recess. A ring-shaped Housing insert (17) is arranged in a housing recess concentric with the double valve body (16). The housing insert (17) is designed as a valve seat (15) for an inlet valve (15, 16) consisting of the double valve body (16) and the valve seat (15) fixed to the housing. The double valve body (16) is loaded by means of a spring in the direction of the valve seat (15) of the inlet valve (15, 16).

Die über einen nicht dargestellten Druckmittelausgang mit einem Verbraucher, z.B. einem Bremszylinder, verbundene Arbeitskammer (13) ist über das Einlaßventil (15, 16) oder das Auslaßventil (14, 16) mit einer Druckmitteleingangskammer (19) oder mit der Atmosphäre verbindbar. Die Druckmitteleingangskammer (19) steht über einen nicht gezeigten Druckmitteleingang mit einem Druckmittel-Vorratsbehälter in Verbindung.The via a pressure medium outlet, not shown, with a consumer, e.g. A working chamber (13) connected to a brake cylinder can be connected to a pressure medium inlet chamber (19) or to the atmosphere via the inlet valve (15, 16) or the outlet valve (14, 16). The pressure medium inlet chamber (19) is connected to a pressure medium reservoir via a pressure medium inlet, not shown.

Ein hohler Stößel (18), der durch das kombinierte Einlaß- und Auslaßventil (14, 15, 16) und den rohrförmigen Fortsatz (20) des Relaiskolbens (12) hindurchgeführt ist, ist an seinem dem am ersten Kolbenteil (5) angeordneten Ventilkörper (7) zugewandten Ende als Ventilsitz (9) ausgebildet und bildet mit dem Ventilkörper (7) ein Einlaßventil (7, 9) des Druckregelventils (7, 9, 8).
Der hohle Stößel (18) stellt die lastabhängig verstellbare Verbindung zwischen dem als Bremsdruckregelventil dienenden Druckregelventil (7, 9, 8) und einem Steuerteil her. Das dem Druckregelventil (7, 8; 9) abgewandte Ende des hohlen Stößels (18) steht zu diesem Zweck mit einer nicht dargestellten Steuerkurve in Wirkverbindung.A hollow plunger (18), which is passed through the combined inlet and outlet valve (14, 15, 16) and the tubular extension (20) of the relay piston (12), is on its valve body (1) arranged on the first piston part (5). 7) facing the end as a valve seat (9) and forms with the valve body (7) an inlet valve (7, 9) of the pressure control valve (7, 9, 8).
The hollow plunger (18) creates the load-dependent, adjustable connection between the pressure control valve (7, 9, 8) serving as a brake pressure control valve and a control part. For this purpose, the end of the hollow plunger (18) facing away from the pressure control valve (7, 8; 9) is operatively connected to a control cam (not shown).

Auf der der zweiten Steuerkammer (11) abgewandten Seite der Membran (10) sind an einem im Gehäuse (1) ortsfest angeordneten ringförmigen Träger (24) sich radial nach innen aufeinander zu erstreckende Stützglieder (23) angeordnet, deren der Membran (10) zugewandte Stirnflächen (22) Teile eines Kegelmantels bilden. In der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Stellung des Kolbens (5, 10) liegt die Membran (10) an diesen Stirnflächen (22) an.
An dem als ein weiterer ringförmiger Träger dienenden Kolbenteil (5) sind sich radial nach außen, vom Träger weg erstreckende Stützglieder (25) angeordnet, deren der Membran (10) zugewandte Stirnflächen (26) Teile eines entgegengerichteten Kegelmantels bilden.On the side of the diaphragm (10) facing away from the second control chamber (11), support members (23), which face the diaphragm (10) and extend radially inwards towards one another, are arranged on an annular support (24) which is arranged in a stationary manner in the housing (1) End faces (22) form parts of a cone shell. In the position of the piston (5, 10) shown in the drawing, the membrane (10) bears against these end faces (22).
On the piston part (5) serving as a further ring-shaped support, support members (25) are arranged radially outwards, extending away from the support, the end faces (26) of which face the membrane (10) form parts of an opposing conical jacket.

Die an dem ortsfest angeordneten Träger (24) befestigten Stützglieder (23) bilden ein erstes Stützelement (24, 23) und die mit dem als Kolbenteil (5) ausgebildeten Träger verbundenen Stützglieder (25) bilden ein zweites Stützelement (5, 25).
Die ortsfest im Gehäuse (1) angeordneten Stützglieder (23) können Bestandteil des Gehäuses (1) sein.The support members (23) fixed to the fixedly arranged support (24) form a first support element (24, 23) and the support members (25) connected to the support designed as a piston part (5) form a second support element (5, 25).
The support members (23) arranged stationary in the housing (1) can be part of the housing (1).

Das erste Stützelement (24, 23) und das zweite Stützelement (5, 25) sind koaxial zueinander angeordnet und so ausgebildet daß sie in Richtung der Längsachse der Kolbeneinrichtung relativ zueinander bewegbar sind, wobei die Stützglieder (25) des jeweils einen Stützelementes (5, 25) in Zwischenräume zwischen den Stützgliedern (23) des jeweils anderen Stützelementes (24, 23) eintauchen bzw. wenigstens teilweise aus diesen austreten, um die aus den beiden Stützelementen (5, 25) und (24, 23) bestehende Membranabstützung (5, 25, 24, 23) im Sinne einer Änderung der Wirkfläche (21) der Membran (10) zu variieren.The first support element (24, 23) and the second support element (5, 25) are arranged coaxially to one another and are designed such that they can be moved relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston device, the support members (25) of the one support element (5, 25) immerse in spaces between the support members (23) of the respective other support element (24, 23) or at least partially emerge therefrom, around the membrane support (5, 25) consisting of the two support elements (5, 25) and (24, 23) 25, 24, 23) in the sense of a change in the effective area (21) of the membrane (10).

Die ortsfest angeordneten Stützglieder (23) weisen in ihrem sich radial nach innen erstreckenden freien Endbereich eine sich von der Membran (10) weg erstreckende ansteigende Kurvenform auf.The stationary arranged support members (23) have in their radially inwardly extending free end area an increasing curve shape extending away from the membrane (10).

In Fig. 2 ist eine Draufsicht auf die beiden Stützelemente (5, 25) und (23, 24) dargestellt.
Der besseren Übersicht halber sind die den in Fig. 1 gezeigten Bauteilen gleichen Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen.2 shows a plan view of the two support elements (5, 25) and (23, 24).
For the sake of a better overview, the components that are the same as the components shown in FIG. 1 are provided with the same reference numbers.

An einem ringförmigen Träger (24), der wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, ortsfest im Gehäuse (1) angeordnet ist, sind im gleichen Abstand zueinander eine Anzahl sich radial nach innen erstreckender Stützglieder (23) vorgesehen. Die Stützglieder (23) sind in ihrer Länge so bemessen, daß ihre freien Enden eine Begrenzung für eine kreisförmige Öffnung (27) bilden.A number of radially inwardly extending support members (23) are provided on an annular support (24), which is arranged in a stationary manner in the housing (1) as shown in FIG. 1. The length of the support members (23) is such that their free ends form a boundary for a circular opening (27).

An einem ringförmigen Träger (5) (Kolbenteil 5 in Fig. 1), der mit seinem der Membran (10) zugewandten Teil innerhalb der kreisförmigen Öffnung (27) gelegen ist, sind im gleichen Abstand zueinander eine Anzahl sich radial nach außen erstreckender Stützglieder (25) angeordnet.On an annular support (5) (piston part 5 in FIG. 1), which is located with its part facing the membrane (10) within the circular opening (27), a number of radially outwardly extending support members ( 25) arranged.

Das aus dem Träger (24) und den Stützgliedern (23) bestehende erste Stützelement (24, 23) und das aus dem Träger (5) und den Stützgliedern (25) bestehende zweite Stützelement (5, 25) sind so zueinander angeordnet, daß die Stützglieder (25) des zweiten Stützelementes (5, 25) in die von den Stützgliedern (23) des ersten Stützelementes (24, 23) begrenzten Schlitze eingreifen und umgekehrt die Stützglieder (23) des ersten Stützelementes (24, 23) in die von den Stützgliedern (25) begrenzten Schlitze des zweiten Stützelementes (5, 25) eingreifen.The first support element (24, 23) consisting of the support (24) and the support members (23) and the second support element (5, 25) consisting of the support (5) and the support members (25) are arranged so that the Support members (25) of the second support element (5, 25) into the slots delimited by the support members (23) of the first support element (24, 23) engage and vice versa the support members (23) of the first support element (24, 23) engage in the slots of the second support element (5, 25) delimited by the support members (25).

Wie aus der Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, nimmt der Abstand (a) bis (b) zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten von jeweils zwei benachbarten Stützgliedern (25) des zweiten Stützelementes (5, 25), ausgehend vom Träger (5) für die Stützglieder (25) des zweiten Stützelementes (5, 25), mit zunehmender Länge (zunehmendem Durchmesser des zweiten Stützelementes 5, 25 und somit auch zunehmendem Durchmesser des ersten Stützelementes 24, 23 sowie der zugehörigen abzustützenden Membran) der Stützglieder (25) zu.As can be seen from Fig. 2, the distance (a) to (b) between the mutually facing sides of two adjacent support members (25) of the second support element (5, 25), starting from the support (5) for the support members (25) of the second support element (5, 25), with increasing length (increasing diameter of the second support element 5, 25 and thus also increasing diameter of the first support element 24, 23 and the associated membrane to be supported) of the support members (25).

Das hat den Nachteil, daß, wie bereits eingangs erwähnt, bei einer Relativbewegung der beiden Stützelemente (5, 25) und (24, 23) zueinander (in Richtung der Längsachse der Träger 5 und 23), wobei das zweite Stützelement (5, 25) auf die Membran (10) zu bewegt wird, die Membran (10) durch den Druck in der zweiten Steuerkammer (11) (Fig. 1) beim zur Anlagebringen der Stützglieder (25) des zweiten Stützelementes (5, 25) an der Membran (10) und beim Abheben der Membran (10) mittels der Stützglieder (25) von den Stützgliedern (23) des ersten stützelementes (24, 23) zwischen den Stützgliedern (25) des zweiten Stützelementes (5, 25) ausbeult und so weiterhin zu einem Teil an den Stützgliedern (23) des ersten Stützelementes (23, 24) anliegt.
Die Folge ist, daß bei einem bestimmten Hub des Kolbenteiles (5) (Träger 5 des zweiten Stützelementes 5, 25) die für diesen Hub gewünschte Vergrößerung der vom Steuerdruck in der zweiten Steuerkammer (11) beaufschlagten Wirkfläche (21) des Kolbens (5, 10) nicht erreicht wird.This has the disadvantage that, as already mentioned at the beginning, when the two support elements (5, 25) and (24, 23) move relative to one another (in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the supports 5 and 23), the second support element (5, 25 ) is moved towards the membrane (10), the membrane (10) by the pressure in the second control chamber (11) (Fig. 1) when bringing the support members (25) of the second support element (5, 25) against the membrane (10) and when lifting the membrane (10) by means of the support members (25) from the support members (23) of the first support element (24, 23) between the support members (25) of the second support element (5, 25) bulges and so on a part rests on the support members (23) of the first support element (23, 24).
The result is that with a certain stroke of the piston part (5) (carrier 5 of the second support element 5, 25) the desired increase for this stroke effective area (21) of the piston (5, 10) which is acted upon by the control pressure in the second control chamber (11) is not reached.

In den Figuren 3, 4 und 5 ist eine Membranabstützung dargestellt, bei welcher die Stützglieder der Stützelemente so ausgebildet sind, daß ein Ausbeulen der Membran weitestgehend verhindert wird.FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show a membrane support in which the support members of the support elements are designed in such a way that bulging of the membrane is largely prevented.

Der besseren Übersicht halber sind die den in Fig. 1 gezeigten Bauteilen gleichen Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.For the sake of a better overview, the components that are the same as the components shown in FIG. 1 are provided with the same reference symbols.

Gemäß Fig. 3 sind an dem Träger (5) eines zweiten Stützelementes sich radial nach außen erstreckende Stützglieder (28, 29, 30) angeordnet. Jedes Stützglied (28, 29, 30) weist die Form eines Ypsilons auf, und setzt sich aus einem halsförmigen Teil (28) und zwei an dieses anschließenden Schenkeln (29) und (30) zusammen. Das Y-förmige Stützglied (28, 29, 30) ist mit seinem halsförmigen Teil (28) an dem ringförmigen Träger (5) angeordnet, so daß sich die freien Schenkel (29, 30) im wesentlichen radial nach außen erstrecken. Der Winkel zwischen den Schenkeln (29, 30) eines Stützgliedes (28, 29, 30) und der Winkel zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten der Schenkel (30, 32) von zwei benachbart zueinander angeordneten Stützgliedern (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) ist so bemessen, daß der Abstand (c) zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten der Schenkel (29, 30) bzw. (32, 33) eines jeden Stützgliedes (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) und auch der Abstand (b) zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten der Schenkel (30, 32) von zwei benachbart zueinander angeordneten Stützgliedern (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) über den überwiegenden Teil der axialen Erstreckung der Stützglieder (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) annähernd gleich ist.3, support members (28, 29, 30) which extend radially outward are arranged on the carrier (5) of a second support element. Each support member (28, 29, 30) has the shape of a letter Y and is composed of a neck-shaped part (28) and two legs (29) and (30) adjoining this. The Y-shaped support member (28, 29, 30) is arranged with its neck-shaped part (28) on the annular support (5), so that the free legs (29, 30) extend essentially radially outwards. The angle between the legs (29, 30) of a support member (28, 29, 30) and the angle between the mutually facing sides of the legs (30, 32) of two support members (28, 29, 30) and (31 , 32, 33) is dimensioned such that the distance (c) between the mutually facing sides of the legs (29, 30) or (32, 33) of each support member (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) and also the distance (b) between the mutually facing sides of the legs (30, 32) of two support members (28, 29, 30) and arranged adjacent to one another (31, 32, 33) over the major part of the axial extension of the support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) is approximately the same.

Der halsförmige Teil (28) bzw. (31) eines jeden Stützgliedes (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) ist so ausgebildet und so bemessen, daß der Abstand (a) zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten der halsförmigen Teile (28) bzw. (31) von zwei benachbart zueinander angeordneten Stützgliedern (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) annähernd gleich ist dem Abstand (c) zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten der Schenkel (30, 32) von zwei benachbart zueinander angeordneten Stützgliedern (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) sowie auch annähernd gleich ist dem Abstand (c) zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten von zwei Schenkeln (29, 30) bzw. (32, 33) eines Stützgliedes (28, 29, 30) bzw. (31, 32, 33).The neck-shaped part (28) or (31) of each support member (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) is designed and dimensioned such that the distance (a) between the mutually facing sides of the neck-shaped parts (28) or (31) of two adjacent support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) is approximately equal to the distance (c) between the mutually facing sides of the legs (30, 32) of two adjacent support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) and also approximately the same as the distance (c) between the mutually facing sides of two legs (29, 30) and (32, 33) a support member (28, 29, 30) or (31, 32, 33).

Fig. 4 zeigt das erste Stützelement, welches mit dem in Fig. 3 gezeigten zweiten Stützelement eine Membranabstützung bildet. An einem ringförmigen Träger (24) sind sich radial nach innen erstreckende Stützglieder (34) und (35) angeordnet. Je zwei benachbart zueinander angeordnete Stützglieder weisen unterschiedliche Formen und Längen auf.
Das jeweils eine Stützglied (34) weist eine Form auf, die dem freien Raum zwischen Zwei Stützgliedern (30, 32) des zweiten Stützelementes nach Fig. 3 angepaßt ist. Das jeweils andere Stützglied (35) weist eine Form auf, die dem freien Raum zwischen zwei Schenkeln (29, 30) eines Stützgliedes (28, 29, 30) nach Fig. 3 angepaßt ist.FIG. 4 shows the first support element, which forms a membrane support with the second support element shown in FIG. 3. Support members (34) and (35) which extend radially inwards are arranged on an annular support (24). Two support members arranged adjacent to each other have different shapes and lengths.
Each support member (34) has a shape which is adapted to the free space between two support members (30, 32) of the second support element according to FIG. 3. The respective other support member (35) has a shape which is adapted to the free space between two legs (29, 30) of a support member (28, 29, 30) according to FIG. 3.

Das in Fig. 4 gezeigte erste Stützelement kann aber auch als eine ringförmige Scheibe (24) mit Y-förmig ausgebildeten Ausnehmungen (d, e und f) betrachtet werden, wobei die ringförmige Scheibe (24) mit den Y-förmigen Ausnehmungen (d, e, f) eine Negativform für das die Y-förmigen Stützglieder (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) aufweisende zweite Stützelement nach Fig. 3 darstellt.The first support element shown in FIG. 4 can also be viewed as an annular disk (24) with Y-shaped recesses (d, e and f), the annular disk (24) with the Y-shaped recesses (d, e, f) represents a negative form for the second support element according to FIG. 3, which has the Y-shaped support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33).

Die Abstände (d, e und f) zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten der Stützglieder (34) und (35) sind über den überwiegenden Teil der axialen Erstreckung der Stützglieder (34, 35) zumindest auf der der Membran zugewandten Seite annähernd gleich. Dies trifft natürlich, wie vorstehend erwähnt, auch für das zweite Stützelement nach Fig. 3 zu (Abstände a, b, c).The distances (d, e and f) between the mutually facing sides of the support members (34) and (35) are approximately the same over the major part of the axial extent of the support members (34, 35), at least on the side facing the membrane. Of course, as mentioned above, this also applies to the second support element according to FIG. 3 (distances a, b, c).

Fig. 5 zeigt das erste Stützelement nach Fig. 4 und das zweite Stützelement nach Fig. 3 im zusammengefügten Zustand.
Die Stützglieder des ersten Stützelementes sind wie in Fig. 4 mit den Bezugsziffern (34) und (35) und die Stützglieder des zweiten Stützelementes sind wie in Fig. 3 mit den Bezugsziffern (28, 29, 30) bezeichnet. Der Träger für das erste Stützelement weist die Bezugsziffer (24) auf und der Träger für das zweite Stützelement hat die Bezugsziffer (5).FIG. 5 shows the first support element according to FIG. 4 and the second support element according to FIG. 3 in the assembled state.
The support members of the first support element are as in Fig. 4 with the reference numerals (34) and (35) and the support members of the second support element are designated as in Fig. 3 with the reference numbers (28, 29, 30). The support for the first support element has the reference number (24) and the support for the second support element has the reference number (5).

In Fig. 6 ist eine aus zwei Stützelementen bestehende Membranabstützung dargestellt, bei welcher die Stützglieder des zweiten Stützelementes eine leichte Keilform aufweisen, wobei die Keilform nur sehr schwach ausgebildet ist um den Abstand zwischen den Seiten von je zwei benachbart zueinander angeordneten Stützgliedern über den überwiegenden Teil der axialen Erstreckung der Stützglieder annähernd konstant zu halten.
Der besseren Übersicht halber und um den Bezug zu Fig. 1 herzustellen, sind die Träger für die Stützglieder der Stützelemente mit den in Fig. 1 verwendeten Bezugszeichen gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.6 shows a membrane support consisting of two support elements, in which the support members of the second support element have a slight wedge shape, the wedge shape being only very weakly formed by the distance between the sides of two adjacent to each other To keep support members almost constant over the major part of the axial extent of the support members.
For the sake of a better overview and in order to establish the reference to FIG. 1, the supports for the support members of the support elements are provided with the same reference numerals used in FIG. 1.

An einem ringförmigen Träger (5) sind im gleichen Abstand zueinander Stützglieder (36) fest angeordnet, die sich radial nach außen erstrecken. Jedes Stützglied (36) weist eine leichte Keilform auf und ist so am Träger (5) angeordnet, daß seine Anlagefläche für die Membran sich in Richtung auf den Träger (5) zu leicht verjüngt. Der Abstand zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten von zwei benachbart zueinander angeordneten Stützgliedern (36) wird auf diese Art und Weise über den überwiegenden Teil der axialen Erstreckung der Stützglieder (36) annähernd gleich gehalten.On an annular support (5) are arranged at the same distance from each other support members (36) which extend radially outwards. Each support member (36) has a slight wedge shape and is arranged on the carrier (5) so that its contact surface for the membrane tapers too slightly in the direction of the carrier (5). In this way, the distance between the mutually facing sides of two support members (36) arranged adjacent to one another is kept approximately the same over the majority of the axial extent of the support members (36).

Das mit diesem Stützelement zusammenwirkende Stützelement besteht aus einem ringförmigen Träger (24), an dem sich radial nach innen erstreckende Stützglieder (37) fest angeordnet sind. Die Stützglieder (37) dieses Stützelementes weisen ebenfalls eine leichte Keilform auf und sind so angeordnet, daß ihre Anlageflächen für die Membran sich in Richtung auf ihren freien Endbereich zu leicht verjüngen.The supporting element cooperating with this supporting element consists of an annular carrier (24) on which supporting members (37) which extend radially inwards are fixedly arranged. The support members (37) of this support element also have a slight wedge shape and are arranged such that their contact surfaces for the membrane taper too slightly in the direction of their free end region.

Wie auch die Stützelemente gemäß den vorstehend beschriebenen Membranabstützungen greifen die Stützglieder des jeweils einen Stützelementes in die entsprechenden freien Räume zwischen den Stützgliedern des jeweils anderen Stützelementes, vorzugsweise berührungslos, ein.Like the support elements according to the membrane supports described above, the support members of the one support element engage in the corresponding free spaces between the support members of the other support element, preferably without contact.

Nachstehend soll unter Einbeziehung der Fig. 1 nocheinmal kurz die Funktion der Kolbeneinrichtung nach den Fig. 3 bis 5 in einer Bremskraftregeleinrichtung erläutert werden.The function of the piston device according to FIGS. 3 to 5 in a braking force control device will be briefly explained again below with the inclusion of FIG. 1.

In der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Stellung der Bremskraftregeleinrichtung sind die erste Steuerkammer (2), die zweite Steuerkammer (11) und die Arbeitskammer (13) drucklos. In der Druckmitteleingangskammer (19) steht Druckmittel aus einem Druckmittel-Vorratsbehälter an. Der als Regelkolben dienende Kolben (5, 10) befindet sich in seiner oberen Endlage und die Membran (10) des Kolbens (5, 10) liegt an der von den Stützgliedern (23) gebildeten Stützfläche (21) des ortsfest im Gehäuse (1) angeordneten ersten Stützelementes (24, 23) der Kolbeneinrichtung (5, 10, 24, 23, 25) an. Das als Einlaßventil (8, 7) der als Druckregelventil ausgebildeten Ventileinrichtung (8, 7, 9) ist geschlossen und das zugehörige Auslaßventil (9, 7) befindet sich in der Offenstellung.In the position of the braking force control device shown in FIG. 1, the first control chamber (2), the second control chamber (11) and the working chamber (13) are depressurized. Pressure medium from a pressure medium storage container is present in the pressure medium inlet chamber (19). The piston (5, 10) serving as a control piston is in its upper end position and the membrane (10) of the piston (5, 10) lies on the support surface (21) of the stationary members in the housing (1) formed by the support members (23). arranged first support element (24, 23) of the piston device (5, 10, 24, 23, 25). The valve device (8, 7, 9) designed as an inlet valve (8, 7) of the pressure control valve is closed and the associated outlet valve (9, 7) is in the open position.

Wird über den Steueranschluß (3) Steuerdruckmittel, beispielsweise von einem Bremsventil, in die erste Steuerkammer (2) eingesteuert, so wird die konstante Ringfläche des die erste Steuerkammer (2) begrenzenden Kolbenteiles (5) mit Steuerdruckmittel beaufschlagt. Durch die Kraft des sich in der ersten Steuerkammer (2) aufbauenden Steuerdruckes wird das Kolbenteil (5) nach unten, in Richtung auf die zweite Steuerkammer (11) zu bewegt.If control pressure medium, for example from a brake valve, is introduced into the first control chamber (2) via the control connection (3), control pressure medium is applied to the constant annular surface of the piston part (5) delimiting the first control chamber (2). The piston part (5) is moved downward in the direction of the second control chamber (11) by the force of the control pressure building up in the first control chamber (2).

Die mit dem Kolbenteil (5) fest verbundenen Stützglieder (25) tauchen dabei tiefer in die freien Räume zwischen den Stützgliedern (23) des ersten Stützelementes (24, 23) ein. Die von der der Membran (10) zugewandten Seite der Stützglieder des zweiten Stützelementes (5, 25) gebildete Stützfläche (26) kommt dabei mit ihrem dicht am Kolbenteil (5) gelegenen Bereich an der Membran (10) zur Anlage.The support members (25) firmly connected to the piston part (5) plunge deeper into the free spaces between the support members (23) of the first support element (24, 23). The support surface (26) formed by the side of the support members of the second support element (5, 25) facing the membrane comes to rest on the membrane (10) with its area close to the piston part (5).

Bei der weiteren Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbenteiles (5) wird der Anteil der Stützfläche (26), welcher mit der Membran (10) in Berührung kommt, zunehmend größer. Das bedeutet, daß auch die von der Membran (10) und den Stützgliedern der beiden Stützelemente gebildete veränderbare untere Wirkfläche (21) des Kolbens (5, 10) der Kolbeneinrichtung (5, 10, 24, 23, 25) zunehmend größer wird.With the further downward movement of the piston part (5), the proportion of the support surface (26) which comes into contact with the membrane (10) becomes increasingly larger. This means that the changeable lower active surface (21) of the piston (5, 10) of the piston device (5, 10, 24, 23, 25) formed by the membrane (10) and the support members of the two support elements becomes increasingly larger.

Das Auslaßventil (9, 7) gelangt in die Schließstellung und das Einlaßventil (8, 7) wird geöffnet. Von der ersten Steuerkammer (2) gelangt Steuerdruckmittel durch das geöffnete Einlaßventil (8, 7) und den Spalt zwischen der Mantelfläche des Fortsatzes des Relaiskolbens (12) und der Innenwand des rohrförmig ausgebildeten Kolbenteiles (5) in die zweite Steuerkammer (11).The outlet valve (9, 7) comes into the closed position and the inlet valve (8, 7) is opened. Control pressure medium passes from the first control chamber (2) through the open inlet valve (8, 7) and the gap between the lateral surface of the extension of the relay piston (12) and the inner wall of the tubular piston part (5) into the second control chamber (11).

Der sich in der zweiten Steuerkammer (11) aufbauende Steuerdruck bewirkt eine Verschiebebewegung des Relaiskolbens (12) in Schließrichtung des vom Relaiskolben (12) betätigbaren Auslaßventils (14, 16) und in Öffnungsrichtung des Einlaßventils (15, 16). Das Auslaßventil (14, 16) gelangt in die Schließstellung und das Einlaßventil (15, 15) gelangt in die Offenstellung.The control pressure building up in the second control chamber (11) causes the relay piston (12) to move in the closing direction of the outlet valve (14, 16) which can be actuated by the relay piston (12) and in the opening direction of the inlet valve (15, 16). The outlet valve (14, 16) comes into the closed position and the inlet valve (15, 15) comes into the open position.

Von der Druckmitteleingangskammer (19) strömt Druckmittel in die Arbeitskammer (13) und von dieser weiter durch einen Druckmittelausgang zu einem Verbraucher, wie z.B. Bremszylinder.Pressure medium flows from the pressure medium inlet chamber (19) into the working chamber (13) and from there through a pressure medium outlet to a consumer, e.g. Brake cylinder.

Der Arbeitsdruck in der Arbeitskammer (13) wirkt der Kraft des Steuerdruckes in der zweiten Steuerkammer (11) entgegengerichtet auf den Relaiskolben (12) ein.The working pressure in the working chamber (13) counteracts the force of the control pressure in the second control chamber (11) on the relay piston (12).

Hat der Steuerdruck in der zweiten Steuerkammer (11) eine Höhe erreicht, die im Zusammenwirken mit der sich zunehmend vergrößernden Wirkfläche der die zweite Steuerkammer (11) begrenzenden Membran (10) ausreicht, um auf den Kolben (5, 10) eine Kraft auszuüben, die gleich ist der Kraft, die vom Steuerdruck in der ersten Steuerkammer (2) auf die konstante Wirkfläche des Kolbenteiles (5) ausgeübt wird, so wird der Kolben (5, 10) nach oben, in Richtung auf die erste Steuerkammer (2) zu verschoben. Das Einlaßventil (7, 8) des Druckregelventils (7, 8, 9) gelangt in die Schließstellung.
In gleicher Weise wird bei Erreichen einer bestimmten Höhe des Arbeitsdruckes in der Arbeitskammer (13) der Relaiskolben (12) nach oben, in Richtung auf die zweite Steuerkammer (11) zu verschoben und das dem Relaiskolben (12) zugeordnete Einlaßventil (15, 16) gelangt in die Schließstellung. Eine Abschlußstellung ist erreicht.If the control pressure in the second control chamber (11) has reached a level which, in cooperation with the increasingly increasing effective area of the diaphragm (10) delimiting the second control chamber (11), is sufficient to exert a force on the piston (5, 10), which is the same as the force exerted by the control pressure in the first control chamber (2) on the constant effective area of the piston part (5), the piston (5, 10) moves upwards towards the first control chamber (2) postponed. The inlet valve (7, 8) of the pressure control valve (7, 8, 9) reaches the closed position.
In the same way, when a certain level of working pressure in the working chamber (13) is reached, the relay piston (12) is moved upwards in the direction of the second control chamber (11) and the inlet valve (15, 16) assigned to the relay piston (12) reaches the closed position. A final position has been reached.

Dadurch, daß der Abstand (a) zwischen den halsförmigen Teilen (28) und (31), sowie der Abstand (b) zwischen den einander zugewandten Seiten der Schenkel (30) und (32) von zwei benachbart angeordneten Stützgliedern (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) über den überwiegenden Teil der axialen Erstreckung der Stützglieder (28, 29, 30) und (31, 32, 33) annähernd konstant ist, d.h., sich mit zunehmender Länge der Stützelemente und zunehmendem Durchmesser der Membran nur geringfügig vergrößert, kann die Membran (10) sich auch nur geringfügig ausbeulen. Sie verbleibt in dem Bereich des zweiten Stützelementes (5, 25), welches bei einer Relativbewegung zwischen dem ersten Stützelement (24, 23) und dem zweiten Stützelement (5, 25) auf der der Membran (10) zugewandten Seite aus dem ersten Stützelement (24, 23) austritt, nicht mehr an der Anlagefläche (22) des ersten Stützelementes (24, 23).Characterized in that the distance (a) between the neck-shaped parts (28) and (31) and the distance (b) between the mutually facing sides of the legs (30) and (32) of two adjacent support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) over the majority Part of the axial extent of the support members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) is approximately constant, ie, increases only slightly with increasing length of the support elements and increasing diameter of the membrane, the membrane (10) can also bulge only slightly. It remains in the area of the second support element (5, 25) which, when there is a relative movement between the first support element (24, 23) and the second support element (5, 25), on the side of the first support element (10) facing the membrane (10). 24, 23) emerges, no longer on the contact surface (22) of the first support element (24, 23).

Das hat zur Folge, daß die Flächenänderung an der Membran (10) annähernd linear zum Verstellhub des Kolbens (5, 10) erfolgt.The result of this is that the area change on the membrane (10) is approximately linear to the adjustment stroke of the piston (5, 10).

Mit einem gegenüber bekennten lastabhängigen Bremskraftregeleinrichtungen geringeren Hub des Kolbens (5, 10) kann mit der beschriebenen Kolbeneinrichtung eine genauere und feiner abstufbare Bremsdruckregelung durchgeführt werden.With a stroke of the piston (5, 10) which is shorter than that of known load-dependent brake force control devices, the described piston device can be used to carry out a more precise and finely graduated brake pressure control.

Die beanspruchte Kolbeneinrichtung ist in jeder Steuer- oder auch Regelventileinrichtung einsetzbar. Dabei kann die Kolbeneinrichtung selbst die Funktion eines Relaiskolbens haben. In einem solchen Fall würde die im Ausführungsbeispiel als zweite Steuerkammer dienende Druckmittelkammer die Funktion einer Arbeitskammer haben, die mit einem Verbraucher verbunden ist.The claimed piston device can be used in any control or regulating valve device. The piston device itself can function as a relay piston. In such a case, the pressure medium chamber serving as the second control chamber in the exemplary embodiment would have the function of a working chamber which is connected to a consumer.

Die Stützglieder der Stützelemente für die Membran können abweichend von den beschriebenen Formen jede beliebige andere Form aufweisen, z.B. eine Kurvenform.The support members of the support elements for the membrane can have any other shape, for example a curve shape, in deviation from the shapes described.

Wesentlich ist, daß der Abstand zwischen den Stützgliedern des bewegbaren Stützelementes oder auch des ortsfest angeordneten Stützelementes über den überwiegenden Teil der axialen Erstreckung der Stützglieder annähernd gleich ist und/oder einem ein Eindringen der Membran zwischen die Stützglieder verhindernden Wert nicht übersteigt oder daß die Stützglieder des zweiten Stützelementes so ausgebildet sind, daß die an der Membran zur Anlage bringbare Abstützfläche des zweiten Stützelementes größer ist als die freien Räume zwischen den Stützgliedern des zweiten Stützelementes, so daß auch bei Verwendung von in ihrem Durchmesser sehr großen Membranen und Stützelementen ein starkes Ausbeulen und somit ein in Anlage verbleiben der ausbeulenden Membranteile an dem Bereich eines der Stützelemente, von welchem die Membran mittels des jeweils anderen Stützelementes abgehoben werden soll, weitestgehend verhindert wird.It is essential that the distance between the support members of the movable support element or also the stationary support element is approximately the same over the major part of the axial extent of the support members and / or does not exceed a value preventing the membrane from penetrating between the support members or that the support members of the second support element are designed so that the support surface of the second support element, which can be brought into contact with the membrane, is larger than the free spaces between the support members of the second support element, so that even when using diaphragms and support elements that are very large in diameter, a strong bulge and thus The bulging membrane portions remain largely in the area of one of the support elements from which the membrane is to be lifted by means of the other support element.

Claims (4)

  1. A piston arrangement with variable effective area, in particular for a load-controlled brake force regulator for vehicle brake systems, having the following features:
    a) a diaphragm (10) and a diaphragm support (5, 28, 29, 31, 30, 32, 33, 24, 34, 35) are provided;
    b) the diaphragm support (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 24, 34, 35) consists of a first supporting element (24, 34, 35) with a first supporting face (22) for the diaphragm (10) and a second supporting element (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33) with a second supporting face (26) for the diaphragm (10);
    c) the first supporting element (24, 34, 35) consists of supporting members (34, 35) which are arranged on a fixedly arranged ring-shaped carrier (24) and extend radially inwards, their sides facing towards the diaphragm (10) forming the first supporting face (22) for the diaphragm (10);
    d) the second supporting element (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33) consists of supporting members (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33) which are arranged on a further ring-shaped carrier (5) and extend radially outwards away from the carrier (5), their sides facing towards the diaphragm (10) forming the second supporting face (26) for the diaphragm (10);
    e) the first supporting element (24, 34, 35) and the second supporting element (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33) are arranged coaxially with respect to one another and are constructed so that the supporting members of the one supporting element enter gaps between the supporting members of the other supporting element and that the supporting elements are movable relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston arrangement in order to vary the diaphragm support (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 24, 34, 35) so that the effective area of the diaphragm (10) is varied;
    characterized in that at least the movable second supporting element (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33) is constructed so that the distance between two adjacent supporting members (28, 29, 30 and 31, 32, 33) of this supporting element (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33), at least on the side of the supporting element (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33) facing towards the diaphragm (10), is the same or approximately the same across the major part of the radial extent of the supporting members (28, 29, 30 and 31, 32, 33) so that the diaphragm is prevented from entering between the supporting members.
  2. A piston arrangement with variable effective area, in particular for a load-controlled brake force regulator for vehicle brake systems, having the following features:
    a) a diaphragm (10) and a diaphragm support (5, 25, 24, 23) are provided;
    b) the diaphragm support (5, 25, 24, 23) consists of a first supporting element (24, 23) with a first supporting face (22) for the diaphragm (10) and a second supporting element (5, 25) with a second supporting face (26) for the diaphragm (10);
    c) the first supporting element (24, 23) consists of supporting members (23) which are arranged on a fixedly arranged ring-shaped carrier (24) and extend radially inwards, their side facing towards the diaphragm (10) forming the first supporting face (22) for the diaphragm (10);
    d) the second supporting element (5, 25) consists of supporting members (25) which are arranged on a further ring-shaped carrier (5) and extend radially outwards away from the carrier (5), their sides facing towards the diaphragm (10) forming the second supporting face (26) for the diaphragm (10);
    e) the first supporting element (24, 23) and the second supporting element (5, 25) are arranged coaxially with respect to one another and are constructed so that the supporting members of the one supporting element enter gaps between the supporting members of the other supporting element and that the supporting elements are movable relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston arrangement in order to vary the diaphragm support (5, 25, 24, 23) so that the effective area of the diaphragm (10) is varied;
    characterized in that the supporting members (25) of the second supporting element (5, 25) are constructed so that the supporting face (26) of the second supporting element (5, 25) that is to be brought into engagement with the diaphragm (10) is larger for the entire course of the stroke of the second supporting element (5, 25) than the free spaces between the supporting members (25) of the second supporting element (5, 25).
  3. A piston arrangement according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features:
    a) the supporting members (28, 29, 30 and 31, 32, 33) of the second supporting element (5, 25) have a Y-shaped cross-section transversely to the longitudinal axis of the piston arrangement;
    b) the y-shaped supporting members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) have a neck-shaped part (28 and 31 respectively) with which they are secured to the carrier (5), and with their arms (29, 30 and 32, 33 respectively) adjoining the neck-shaped part extend substantially radially outwards away from the carrier (5);
    c) the supporting members (35) and (34) respectively of the first supporting element (24, 35, 34), starting from the carrier (24), extend radially inwards towards one another and are constructed and arranged relative to one another so that they bound free Y-shaped spaces of the first supporting element (24, 35, 34) in which the y-shaped supporting members (28, 29, 30) and (31, 32, 33) respectively of the second supporting element (5, 28, 29, 30) and (5, 31, 32, 33) respectively engage.
  4. A piston arrangement according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following features:
    a) the supporting members (36) of the second supporting element (5, 36) are of wedge-like construction, the supporting members (36), starting from the carrier (5), widening towards their free end;
    b) the supporting members (37) of the first supporting element (24, 37) are of wedge-like construction, the supporting members, starting from the carrier (23), tapering towards their free end.
EP89120085A 1988-12-21 1989-10-30 Piston device with variable pressure area Expired - Lifetime EP0374437B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3842958 1988-12-21
DE3842958A DE3842958A1 (en) 1988-12-21 1988-12-21 PISTON DEVICE WITH CHANGEABLE ACTIVE SURFACE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0374437A1 EP0374437A1 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0374437B1 true EP0374437B1 (en) 1992-12-23

Family

ID=6369680

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89120085A Expired - Lifetime EP0374437B1 (en) 1988-12-21 1989-10-30 Piston device with variable pressure area

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0374437B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3842958A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1218296B (en) * 1961-10-21 1966-06-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Control valve for compressed air brake devices, especially of motor vehicles
DE1231584B (en) * 1961-11-04 1966-12-29 Westinghouse Bremsen Apparate Brake force regulators for vehicles, in particular motor vehicles
US3228731A (en) * 1962-04-23 1966-01-11 Bendix Westinghouse Automotive Variable pressure ratio valve
US3315572A (en) * 1965-03-08 1967-04-25 John F Taplin Rolling seal devices and diaphragms
DE2551997A1 (en) * 1975-11-20 1977-06-02 Knorr Bremse Gmbh Adjustable pressure step up of reduction valve - has membrane piston operating double valve which governs controlled pressure
DE3048749A1 (en) * 1980-12-23 1982-07-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Load-dependent braking force regulator - has fingers with recesses tapering towards piston axis in faces against membrane

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Publication number Publication date
EP0374437A1 (en) 1990-06-27
DE58903119D1 (en) 1993-02-04
DE3842958A1 (en) 1990-07-05

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