EP0369692A1 - Water based functional fluids - Google Patents
Water based functional fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0369692A1 EP0369692A1 EP89311655A EP89311655A EP0369692A1 EP 0369692 A1 EP0369692 A1 EP 0369692A1 EP 89311655 A EP89311655 A EP 89311655A EP 89311655 A EP89311655 A EP 89311655A EP 0369692 A1 EP0369692 A1 EP 0369692A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fluid
- glycol
- viscosity
- functional
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- -1 C20 alkyl phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- OECTYKWYRCHAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1CC2OC2CC1 OECTYKWYRCHAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical class [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005697 Dodecan-1-ol Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical class [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005702 Tetradecan-1-ol Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005815 base catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008271 cosmetic emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCC1 LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/06—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M129/08—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least 2 hydroxy groups
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
- C10M145/28—Polyoxyalkylenes of alkylene oxides containing 2 carbon atoms only
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
- C10M145/30—Polyoxyalkylenes of alkylene oxides containing 3 carbon atoms only
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
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- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
- C10M145/34—Polyoxyalkylenes of two or more specified different types
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
- C10M145/36—Polyoxyalkylenes etherified
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
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- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
- C10M145/38—Polyoxyalkylenes esterified
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2221/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2221/043—Polyoxyalkylene ethers with a thioether group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of water based functional fluids which can be used for example as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, drilling or cutting fluids.
- Functional fluids based upon mixtures of water and polyether glycols are well known and are used in a wide variety of applications eg as cutting fluids, hydraulic fluids and the like.
- Typical formulations of water-based hydraulic fluids (known as HF-C fluids) comprise approximately 15-30% of a high-viscosity polyether glycol, and 35-45% water, with the balance (up to 50%) being simple glycol and small amounts of additives known to the skilled man.
- these hydraulic fluids typically have a viscosity of 32-68 cSt at 40°C.
- HWBFs High Water Based Fluids
- HWBFs high-water-based fluids
- US 3538033 discloses a family of polyether derivatives of diepoxides which can be used as thickeners in textile printing emulsions, cosmetic emulsions, aqueous pigment suspensions and the like.
- the problem to be solved is therefore to produce functional fluids, suitable for the applications described above, which have good permanent and temporary shear stability, contain low concentrations of the associative thickeners, have good resistance to water loss in terms of viscosity change, have good apparent viscosity indices, and which maintain hydrodynamic lubrication under high shear conditions.
- a functional fluid composition for use as a hydraulic fluid, lubricant, a cutting fluid or a drilling fluid which comprises
- the present invention solves the problem defined above by employing a thickening agent of the type defined in US 3538033 in the applications described above, together with the formulation technology which is detailed below.
- the water component of the composition comprises between 36 and 95% of the functional fluid most preferably between 45 and 80%.
- the glycol this can be in principle any glycol which is miscible with water and includes monoethylene glycol and monopropylene glycol and low molecular weight oligomers thereof (ie having up to 6 ethylene and/or propylene glycol units).
- the glycol is selected from monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol. It is preferred that the glycol comprises between 20 and 60% of the functional fluid.
- the first stage of preparing the thickening agent involves reacting the monofunctional active hydrogen containing compound with one or more alkylene oxides.
- 'active-hydrogen- containing compound' is meant one which contains hydrogen measurable by the Zerewitinoff active hydrogen test.
- Such compounds include alcohols, phenols, thiols, fatty acids and amines.
- the preferred compounds are C16 to C20 monohydric alcohol or thiols, C16 to C20 alkyl phenols and C16 to C20 aliphatic amines.
- the active hydrogen containing compound is alkoxylated with one or more alkylene oxides using either a base or a Lewis acid as a catalyst.
- the alkylene oxide is one or more of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or the isomers of butylene oxide.
- 20 and 400 moles of the alkylene oxide are added to the active hydrogen containing compound of which 20 to 100 mole % (most preferably 65 to 85 mole %) is ethylene oxide and 0 to 80% (most preferably 15 to 35%) is propylene and/or butylene oxide.
- the diepoxide can in principle by any organic compound having two epoxide groupings. Suitable diepoxides are those having between 4 and 30 carbon atoms and include vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin condensate and the like. It is preferred to use the diepoxide in amounts such that the molar ratio of epoxide groups to hydroxyl groups (in the product of stage 1) is in the range 0.2 to 1 to 5 to 1.
- the second stage of the process can also be catalysed by either a base or a Lewis acid.
- the thickening agent comprises between 2 and 10% by weight of the functional fluid composition. It is also preferred that the thickener itself should have a neat viscosity in excess of 4000 cSt at 40°C.
- these are typically metal or amine salts of organo sulphur, phosphorus or boron derivatives, or carboxylic acids.
- these include salts of C1 to C22 carboxylic acids, aliphatic or aromatic; sulphur acids such as aromatic sulphonic acids, phosphorus acids, for example acid phosphate esters and analogous sulphur compounds, eg thiophosphoric and dithiophosphoric acid.
- sulphur acids such as aromatic sulphonic acids, phosphorus acids, for example acid phosphate esters and analogous sulphur compounds, eg thiophosphoric and dithiophosphoric acid.
- Many further antiwear agents are suitable, and known to the skilled man.
- Inhibitors for corrosion of metals can be organic or inorganic, for example metal nitrites, hydroxyamines, neutralised fatty acid carboxylates, phosphates, sarcosines and succinimides etc. Most useful are amines such as alkanolamines, e.g. ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. Non-ferrous metal inhibitors include for example aromatic triazoles.
- a surfactant as a co-thickening agent, which may be non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric.
- suitable surfactants include linear alcohol alkoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates. fatty acid soaps, amine oxides etc. Most preferred are linear secondary alcohol alkoxylates, eg those commercially available from BP Chemicals under the registered trade mark Softanol.
- the surfactants behave synergistically with the associative thickener, such that a given viscosity can be achieved with a lower total thickener content of the blend compared to use of the associative thickener alone.
- the functional fluid composition may also contain optional components such as extreme pressure additives, antifoams, antimicrobials and the like which are well known to the skilled man. It is also possible to add further known thickening agents and co-thickening agents if desired.
- the functional fluid compositions of the present invention may be prepared by mixing the four main components and any additional materials which are required in a vessel of suitable size.
- the problem of temporary shear is also addressed, by use of associative thickeners of the present invention with high inherent polymer viscosity (eg greater than 20,000 cSt at 40°C).
- high inherent polymer viscosity eg greater than 20,000 cSt at 40°C.
- thickening achieved by association is lost when the fluids shear temporarily.
- the viscosity of the fluid is maintained at an intermediate level by the normal thickening of a high viscosity polymer, typically to a level of 10-20 cSt at 50°C. This limits the loss of pump efficiency, and ensures that hydrodynamic lubricity is retained.
- This approach also enhances the characteristics of the fluid concerning viscosity change on water loss and viscosity index.
- the functional fluid compositions of the present invention are particularily useful as hydraulic fluids in piston, gear or vane hydraulic pumps, motors and general hydraulic systems, eg hydraulic rams, robots and the like.
- a commercial sample of oleyl/cetyl alcohol (85/15) was catalysed with potassium hydroxide (0.3% by weight on the target alkoxylate), dried, and reacted with a 70/30 (weight/weight) mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide at 115-125°C to produce an alkoxylate having an experimentally determined molecular weight of 6000 (by hydroxyl determination).
- a commercial sample of oleyl/cetyl alcohol (85/15) was reacted in the manner described in example 1 with an 75/25 mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to produce an intermediate having a molecular weight of 2950, then with further ethylene oxide to produce an alkoxylate having a molecular weight of 3100.
- Dodecan-1-ol, Tetradecan-1-ol, Hexadeca-1-ol and Octadecan-1-ol were reacted under base catalysis with 80/20 blends of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide to produce alkoxylates having molecular weights of 6000. 200 grams of each alkoxylate was reacted with 9.4 grams of vinylcyclohexane diepoxide in the manner described for example 3 to yield four associative thickeners. The products were used to provide a comparison of solution viscosity versus hydrophobe chain length.
- the thickener (8%) from example 1 was formulated into a hydraulic fluid of 46 cSt at 40°C containing water (36%), diethylene glycol (50%), a fatty acid and morpholine. This was subjected to a four ball test (IP239) at 40 kg for 1h, and gave a wear scar of 0.56 mm, a result similar to that of a similarly formulated hydraulic fluid using 15% of a conventional polyglycol thickener.
- the thickener from example 4 was formulated at a level of 8% into a hydraulic fluid containing 30% diethylene glycol and 58% water, the balance being an antiwear and anticorrosion package.
- the said hydraulic fluid was circulated over 24 hours in a 7 kW Vickers PFB-5 axial piston pump at 50°C and 170 bar.
- the flow rate which can be directly related to the fluid viscosity, was monitored to indicate viscosity in the high shear regions of the pump.
- the said hydraulic fluid was compared to a similar hydraulic fluid containing only 10% diethylene glycol and 80% water, and with a further hydraulic fluid, based on a commercially available, low-viscosity, associative thickener, a fatty alcohol ethoxylate capped with an olefin epoxide, and containing no diethylene glycol.
- Absolute Viscosity cP @ 47°C Apparent Viscosity in Shear Zone cP % Retained Viscosity under High Shear Pump Flow l/m
- Example 10 38 31 81% 14.6 10% DEG Fluid 27 12 44% 14.11 Fluid from commercial low viscosity Associative Thickener 21 3.4 16% 12.46
- the thickener from example 1 (6.2%) and a 5 mole ethoxylate of a linear secondary C-12/14 alcohol (1.55%) (Softanol 50 - ex BP Chemicals) were blended with diethylene glycol (40%) and water (50%), the balance consisting of functional antiwear, anticorrosion and antifoam agents (2.25%) to give a hydraulic fluid of 45.5 cSt @ 40°C.
- the following data were determined.
- the thickener from example 2 (5.0%) and a 12 mole ethoxylate of a linear, secondary, C12/14 alcohol (1.25%) were blended with diethylene glycol (20%) and water (70%), the balance consisting of antiwear, anticorrosion and antifoam agents (3.75%) to give a hydraulic fluid of 46.1 cSt @ 40°C.
- the following data were determined.
- Fluid 1 contained 6.0 percent of thickener from example 2, 4.0 percent of a 12 mole ethoxylate of a C-12/14 linear secondary alcohol, 10 percent diethylene glycol and 80 percent water.
- Fluid 2 contained 10.0 percent thickener from example 2, 10 percent diethylene glycol and 80 percent water.
- the presence of surfactant in fluid 1 and reduced thickener requirement results in a significantly lower viscosity fluid at 20°C than observed for fluid 2, demonstrating that the apparent viscosity index of fluid 1 is higher than that for fluid 2.
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Abstract
- (a) from 20 to 98% by weight water
- (b) from 0 to 80% by weight of a glycol, and
- (c) from 0.5 to 25% by weight of a thickening agent prepared by (a) reacting one mole of a monofunctional active-hydrogen-containing compound having at least 10 carbon atoms with between 20 and 400 moles of one or more alkylene oxides and (b) thereafter reacting the product of step (a) with a diepoxide in an amount such that the molar ratio of diepoxide to hydroxyl groups in the product of step (a) is between 0.2:1 and 5:1. The fluid may further comprise functional components for preventing wear and corrosion and also 0.5 to 15% by weight of a non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric surfactant.
Description
- The present invention relates to the use of water based functional fluids which can be used for example as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, drilling or cutting fluids.
- Functional fluids based upon mixtures of water and polyether glycols are well known and are used in a wide variety of applications eg as cutting fluids, hydraulic fluids and the like.
- Typical formulations of water-based hydraulic fluids (known as HF-C fluids) comprise approximately 15-30% of a high-viscosity polyether glycol, and 35-45% water, with the balance (up to 50%) being simple glycol and small amounts of additives known to the skilled man. Typically these hydraulic fluids have a viscosity of 32-68 cSt at 40°C.
- There is a growing trend however to reduce the polyether glycol content of such functional fluids. For example it would ultimately be desirable to reduce the polyether glycol content of hydraulic fluids to 10% or possibly even less. There is also a trend to produce what can be described as High Water Based Fluids (HWBFs), containing typically 50-98 percent water, by additionally removing some or all of the glycol.
- A problem arises when attempts are made to reduce the polyether glycol content of hydraulic fluids in that the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid is reduced. This arises because standard polyether glycol fluids do not possess sufficient thickening power. Simply increasing the viscosity of the polymer does not achieve the required effect, because the increase in solution viscosity becomes marginal, and the polymer becomes unstable under conditions of high shear.
- It has previously been proposed for example in US 4 767 555 and US 4 288 639 to achieve the required viscosity of such hydraulic fluids by incorporation of small amounts of materials which (a) are water compatible and (b) increase the viscosity of the hydraulic fluids by intermolecular association in solution. Such materials are known as associative thickeners.
- The hydraulic fluids previously described as high-water-based fluids (HWBFs), usually incorporating either no simple glycol, or only small amounts as antifreeze, have a number of disadvantages when compared to HFC water glycol fluids, viz
- i) Although the HWBFs normally exhibit 'permanent shear stability', that is the viscosity of the fluid remains stable over a long period of operation, they none-the-less exhibit temporary loss oF viscosity in high shear zones, as evidenced by loss of flow rate and pump efficiency in hydraulic systems, in other words they lack 'temporary shear stability'.
- ii) Under such conditions of temporary viscosity loss, hydrodynamic lubricity of the fluid also suffers. Lubrication is maintained only by additives which provide boundary lubrication (EP additives). Despite such additives being highly developed, these conditions can result in enhanced wear. Additionally the best of these additives in many instances are toxic, hydrolytically unstable and environmentally undesirable.
- iii) The viscosity index of such fluids is often poor which can give problems with pump start-up.
- iv) HWBF's are sensitive to water loss, which has a dramatic and undesirable effect on fluid viscosity.
- US 3538033 discloses a family of polyether derivatives of diepoxides which can be used as thickeners in textile printing emulsions, cosmetic emulsions, aqueous pigment suspensions and the like.
- The problem to be solved is therefore to produce functional fluids, suitable for the applications described above, which have good permanent and temporary shear stability, contain low concentrations of the associative thickeners, have good resistance to water loss in terms of viscosity change, have good apparent viscosity indices, and which maintain hydrodynamic lubrication under high shear conditions.
- According to the present invention there is provided a functional fluid composition for use as a hydraulic fluid, lubricant, a cutting fluid or a drilling fluid which comprises
- (a) from 20 to 98% by weight water
- (b) from 0 to 80% by weight of a glycol and
- (c) from 0.5 to 25% by weight of a thickening agent prepared by (a) relatively reacting one mole of a monofunctional, active-hydrogen- containing compound having at least 10 carbon atoms with between 20 and 400 moles of one or more alkylene oxides and (b) thereafter reacting the product of step (a) with a diepoxide in an amount such that the molar ratio of diepoxide to hydroxyl groups in the product of step (a) is between 0.2:1 and 5:1.
- The present invention solves the problem defined above by employing a thickening agent of the type defined in US 3538033 in the applications described above, together with the formulation technology which is detailed below.
- Considering the water component of the composition first, it is preferred that this comprises between 36 and 95% of the functional fluid most preferably between 45 and 80%.
- As regards the glycol, this can be in principle any glycol which is miscible with water and includes monoethylene glycol and monopropylene glycol and low molecular weight oligomers thereof (ie having up to 6 ethylene and/or propylene glycol units). Preferably the glycol is selected from monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol. It is preferred that the glycol comprises between 20 and 60% of the functional fluid.
- The first stage of preparing the thickening agent involves reacting the monofunctional active hydrogen containing compound with one or more alkylene oxides. By the term 'active-hydrogen- containing compound' is meant one which contains hydrogen measurable by the Zerewitinoff active hydrogen test. Such compounds include alcohols, phenols, thiols, fatty acids and amines. The preferred compounds are C₁₆ to C₂₀ monohydric alcohol or thiols, C₁₆ to C₂₀ alkyl phenols and C₁₆ to C₂₀ aliphatic amines.
- The active hydrogen containing compound is alkoxylated with one or more alkylene oxides using either a base or a Lewis acid as a catalyst. Typically the alkylene oxide is one or more of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or the isomers of butylene oxide. Suitably between 20 and 400 moles of the alkylene oxide are added to the active hydrogen containing compound of which 20 to 100 mole % (most preferably 65 to 85 mole %) is ethylene oxide and 0 to 80% (most preferably 15 to 35%) is propylene and/or butylene oxide.
- In the second stage of manufacture the product of the first stage is reacted with a diepoxide. The diepoxide can in principle by any organic compound having two epoxide groupings. Suitable diepoxides are those having between 4 and 30 carbon atoms and include vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin condensate and the like. It is preferred to use the diepoxide in amounts such that the molar ratio of epoxide groups to hydroxyl groups (in the product of stage 1) is in the range 0.2 to 1 to 5 to 1. The second stage of the process can also be catalysed by either a base or a Lewis acid.
- It is preferred that the thickening agent comprises between 2 and 10% by weight of the functional fluid composition. It is also preferred that the thickener itself should have a neat viscosity in excess of 4000 cSt at 40°C.
- Concerning the antiwear components, these are typically metal or amine salts of organo sulphur, phosphorus or boron derivatives, or carboxylic acids. Typically these include salts of C₁ to C₂₂ carboxylic acids, aliphatic or aromatic; sulphur acids such as aromatic sulphonic acids, phosphorus acids, for example acid phosphate esters and analogous sulphur compounds, eg thiophosphoric and dithiophosphoric acid. Many further antiwear agents are suitable, and known to the skilled man.
- Inhibitors for corrosion of metals can be organic or inorganic, for example metal nitrites, hydroxyamines, neutralised fatty acid carboxylates, phosphates, sarcosines and succinimides etc. Most useful are amines such as alkanolamines, e.g. ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. Non-ferrous metal inhibitors include for example aromatic triazoles.
- It is preferred to include in the formulation 0.5 to 15% of a surfactant as a co-thickening agent, which may be non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric. Examples of suitable surfactants include linear alcohol alkoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates. fatty acid soaps, amine oxides etc. Most preferred are linear secondary alcohol alkoxylates, eg those commercially available from BP Chemicals under the registered trade mark Softanol. The surfactants behave synergistically with the associative thickener, such that a given viscosity can be achieved with a lower total thickener content of the blend compared to use of the associative thickener alone.
- In addition to the above the functional fluid composition may also contain optional components such as extreme pressure additives, antifoams, antimicrobials and the like which are well known to the skilled man. It is also possible to add further known thickening agents and co-thickening agents if desired.
- The functional fluid compositions of the present invention may be prepared by mixing the four main components and any additional materials which are required in a vessel of suitable size.
- In the preferred embodiments of the invention, that is those formulations containing 20 or more percent of glycol, it has been found that temporary shear stability is conferred to the fluids. This enhances the capability of the fluids to provide hydrodynamic lubrication under high shearing conditions. The presence of the 20 or more percent glycol, and of the surfactant cothickener also improves the apparent viscosity index of the fluids when compared against fluids containing no glycol or surfactant.
- In those embodiments of the invention containing less than 20 percent glycol, the problem of temporary shear is also addressed, by use of associative thickeners of the present invention with high inherent polymer viscosity (eg greater than 20,000 cSt at 40°C). In high shear environments, thickening achieved by association is lost when the fluids shear temporarily. However, the viscosity of the fluid is maintained at an intermediate level by the normal thickening of a high viscosity polymer, typically to a level of 10-20 cSt at 50°C. This limits the loss of pump efficiency, and ensures that hydrodynamic lubricity is retained. This approach also enhances the characteristics of the fluid concerning viscosity change on water loss and viscosity index.
- The functional fluid compositions of the present invention are particularily useful as hydraulic fluids in piston, gear or vane hydraulic pumps, motors and general hydraulic systems, eg hydraulic rams, robots and the like.
- The invention is now illustrated by the following examples:
- A commercial sample of oleyl/cetyl alcohol (85/15) was catalysed with potassium hydroxide (0.3% by weight on the target alkoxylate), dried, and reacted with a 70/30 (weight/weight) mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide at 115-125°C to produce an alkoxylate having an experimentally determined molecular weight of 6000 (by hydroxyl determination).
- 500 grams of the above un-neutralised alkoxylate was reacted at 130°C with 15.9 grams bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin condensate (Epikote 828 - ex Shell) for three hours. The residual catalyst was removed by treatment with magnesium silicate to leave an associative thickener with a neat viscosity of 5000 cSt @ 40°C. A 10% aqueous solution viscosity was determined as 193 cSt @ 40°C.
- 500 grams of the above-mentioned un-neutralised alkoxylate from example 1 was reacted at 130°C with 31.8 grams of bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin condensate for 3 hours, the catalyst was removed with magnesium silicate treatment, to leave an associative thickener with a neat viscosity of 17,300 cSt @ 40°C. A 10% aqueous solution viscosity was determined as 2100 cSt @ 40°C.
-
- A commercial sample of oleyl/cetyl alcohol (85/15) was reacted in the manner described in example 1 with an 80/20 mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to produce an alkoxylate having a molecular weight of 6000.
- 300 grams of the above-mentioned un-neutralised polyalkylene glycol was reacted with 14.0 grams of vinylcyclohexene diepoxide for three hours at 140-150°C. The resulting associative thickener had a neat viscosity of 4,900 cSt @ 40°C and a 10% aqueous solution viscosity of 1427 cSt @ 40°C.
- A commercial sample of oleyl/cetyl alcohol (85/15) was reacted in the manner described in example 1 with an 75/25 mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to produce an intermediate having a molecular weight of 2950, then with further ethylene oxide to produce an alkoxylate having a molecular weight of 3100.
- 2000 grams of the above mentioned un-neutralised polyalkylene glycol was reacted with 175 grams of vinylcyclohexene diepoxide at 140-150°C for 6 hours to yield an associative thickener with a 10% aqueous solution viscosity of 1742 cSt.
- Dodecan-1-ol, Tetradecan-1-ol, Hexadeca-1-ol and Octadecan-1-ol were reacted under base catalysis with 80/20 blends of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide to produce alkoxylates having molecular weights of 6000. 200 grams of each alkoxylate was reacted with 9.4 grams of vinylcyclohexane diepoxide in the manner described for example 3 to yield four associative thickeners. The products were used to provide a comparison of solution viscosity versus hydrophobe chain length.
EXAMPLE Comparison 5 6 7 8 PRODUCT Breox 75W18000* C-12 C-14 C-16 C-18 Viscosity, neat, cSt @ 40°C 18,000 22,400 10,400 27,400 21,400 Viscosity, 10%, cSt @ 40°C 5 117 461 4,680 34,000 * standard polyglycol thickener. - The thickener (8%) from example 1 was formulated into a hydraulic fluid of 46 cSt at 40°C containing water (36%), diethylene glycol (50%), a fatty acid and morpholine. This was subjected to a four ball test (IP239) at 40 kg for 1h, and gave a wear scar of 0.56 mm, a result similar to that of a similarly formulated hydraulic fluid using 15% of a conventional polyglycol thickener.
- The same thickener at a level of 7% in a high water based fluid of 46 cSt at 40°C was subjected to 50 passes in a Kurt Orban shear stability tester (IP294) and suffered no permanent loss of solution viscosity.
- The thickener from example 4 was formulated at a level of 8% into a hydraulic fluid containing 30% diethylene glycol and 58% water, the balance being an antiwear and anticorrosion package. The said hydraulic fluid was circulated over 24 hours in a 7 kW Vickers PFB-5 axial piston pump at 50°C and 170 bar. The flow rate, which can be directly related to the fluid viscosity, was monitored to indicate viscosity in the high shear regions of the pump. The said hydraulic fluid was compared to a similar hydraulic fluid containing only 10% diethylene glycol and 80% water, and with a further hydraulic fluid, based on a commercially available, low-viscosity, associative thickener, a fatty alcohol ethoxylate capped with an olefin epoxide, and containing no diethylene glycol.
Absolute Viscosity cP @ 47°C Apparent Viscosity in Shear Zone cP % Retained Viscosity under High Shear Pump Flow l/m Example 10 38 31 81% 14.6 10% DEG Fluid 27 12 44% 14.11 Fluid from commercial low viscosity Associative Thickener 21 3.4 16% 12.46 - The thickener from example 1 (6.2%) and a 5 mole ethoxylate of a linear secondary C-12/14 alcohol (1.55%) (Softanol 50 - ex BP Chemicals) were blended with diethylene glycol (40%) and water (50%), the balance consisting of functional antiwear, anticorrosion and antifoam agents (2.25%) to give a hydraulic fluid of 45.5 cSt @ 40°C. The following data were determined.
Four ball wear scar, mm (1h, 40kg, IP239): 0.61
Shear Stability (IP294), % viscosity change: -7 - The associative thickener from example 3 (3.6%) and a 5-mole ethoxylate of a linear secondary C-12/14 alcohol (0.9%) were blended with diethylene glycol (20%) and water (73.4%), the balance being additives (2%), to give a hydraulic fluid of 49.3 cSt @ 40°C. The following data were determined.
Four ball wear scar, mm (1h, 40kg, IP239): 0.62
Shear Stability (IP294), % viscosity change: +5 - The associative thickener from example 3 (5.4%) and a 12 mole ethoxylate of a linear secondary C-12/14 alcohol (3.6%) (Softanol 120 - ex BP Chemicals) were blended with diethylene glycol (39%) and water (50%), the balance consisting of antiwear anticorrosion, antifoam additives (2%), to give a hydraulic fluid of 46.8 cSt @ 40°C. The following data were determined.
Four ball wear scar, mm (1h, 40kg, IP239): 0.61
Shear Stability (IP294), % viscosity change: +2.9 - The thickener from example 2 (5.0%) and a 12 mole ethoxylate of a linear, secondary, C12/14 alcohol (1.25%) were blended with diethylene glycol (20%) and water (70%), the balance consisting of antiwear, anticorrosion and antifoam agents (3.75%) to give a hydraulic fluid of 46.1 cSt @ 40°C. The following data were determined.
Four ball wear scar, mm (1h, 40kg, IP239): 0.68 - To demonstrate the effect of diethylene glycol on apparent viscosity index two ISO 68 fluids were prepared from the thickener from example 3. Fluid 1 containing 6.0 percent of thickener, 30 percent of diethylene glycol and 64 percent of water. Fluid 2 containing 5.0 percent thickener and 95 percent water. The combined effect of the presence of diethylene glycol and the slightly increased thickener requirement in fluid 1 results in a significantly lower viscosity fluid at 20°C than that observed for fluid 2, demonstrating that the apparent viscosity index of fluid 1 is higher than that of fluid 2.
Visc. @ 40°C, cSt Visc. @ 20°C, cSt Fluid 1 72.5 585 Fluid 2 71.5 985 - To demonstrate the effect of co-thickeners on apparent viscosity index, two fluids of 550 cSt @ 40°C were prepared as follows: Fluid 1 contained 6.0 percent of thickener from example 2, 4.0 percent of a 12 mole ethoxylate of a C-12/14 linear secondary alcohol, 10 percent diethylene glycol and 80 percent water. Fluid 2 contained 10.0 percent thickener from example 2, 10 percent diethylene glycol and 80 percent water. The presence of surfactant in fluid 1 and reduced thickener requirement results in a significantly lower viscosity fluid at 20°C than observed for fluid 2, demonstrating that the apparent viscosity index of fluid 1 is higher than that for fluid 2.
Visc. @ 40°C, cSt Visc. @ 20°C, cSt Fluid 1 550 4000 Fluid 2 550 5500
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89311655T ATE89598T1 (en) | 1988-11-17 | 1989-11-10 | AQUEOUS FUNCTIONAL LIQUIDS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB888826857A GB8826857D0 (en) | 1988-11-17 | 1988-11-17 | Water based functional fluids |
GB8826857 | 1988-11-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0369692A1 true EP0369692A1 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
EP0369692B1 EP0369692B1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
Family
ID=10646986
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP89311655A Expired - Lifetime EP0369692B1 (en) | 1988-11-17 | 1989-11-10 | Water based functional fluids |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0369692B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2839918B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE89598T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU620661B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2002813C (en) |
CS (1) | CS276771B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE68906653T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK573989A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2055100T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI101398B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8826857D0 (en) |
NO (1) | NO179076C (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA898754B (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4438709A1 (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1996-03-21 | Helmut Lehmer Gmbh Stahl Und M | Mechanical=hydraulic lift for lifting people and loads |
EP1152068A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-11-07 | Yasuo Fukutani | Rust preventive |
US6635604B1 (en) | 1999-02-11 | 2003-10-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Low molecular weight water soluble organic compounds as crystallization point suppressants in brines |
US6673752B2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2004-01-06 | Corning Incorporated | High performance cutting fluids for glassy, crystalline, or aggregate materials |
US6835323B2 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2004-12-28 | Kemira Oyj | Aqueous hydraulic medium |
WO2006077257A1 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-07-27 | Abb Ab | Industrial robot lubricated with a polyglycol-based lubricant |
US20110303210A1 (en) * | 2008-12-20 | 2011-12-15 | Steven Grumbine | Wiresaw cutting method |
CN101575551B (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2013-04-24 | 柳瑜 | Water-based cutting fluid |
WO2020115177A1 (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-06-11 | Castrol Limited | Aqueous metalworking fluids and methods for using the same |
CN112063440A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2020-12-11 | 山东奥瑞特矿业科技股份有限公司 | High-performance environment-friendly anti-freezing solution for hydraulic support and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6080704A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2000-06-27 | Halliday; William S. | Glycols as gas hydrate inhibitors in drilling, drill-in, and completion fluids |
JP4863152B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2012-01-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | gear |
JP2006265345A (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Lubricating oil for ship propulsor bearing |
US20110240002A1 (en) * | 2008-12-20 | 2011-10-06 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Cutting fluid composition for wiresawing |
JP6239994B2 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2017-11-29 | ユシロ化学工業株式会社 | Flame retardant hydraulic fluid composition |
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GB1182448A (en) * | 1966-08-19 | 1970-02-25 | Kao Corp | New Polyoxyalkylene Derivatives |
US4312775A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1982-01-26 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Polyether thickeners for aqueous systems containing additives for increased thickening efficiency |
US4481125A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1984-11-06 | E.F. Houghton & Co. | Water-based hydraulic fluid |
US4767555A (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-08-30 | Texaco Inc. | Hydrophobic epoxide modified polyoxyalkylene diamines and thickened aqueous fluids |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4491526A (en) * | 1983-04-04 | 1985-01-01 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Thickened, water-based hydraulic fluid with reduced dependence of viscosity on temperature |
-
1988
- 1988-11-17 GB GB888826857A patent/GB8826857D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-11-10 ES ES89311655T patent/ES2055100T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 DE DE8989311655T patent/DE68906653T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-10 EP EP89311655A patent/EP0369692B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 AT AT89311655T patent/ATE89598T1/en active
- 1989-11-14 CA CA002002813A patent/CA2002813C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-14 NO NO894533A patent/NO179076C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-15 AU AU44717/89A patent/AU620661B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-11-16 ZA ZA898754A patent/ZA898754B/en unknown
- 1989-11-16 CS CS896492A patent/CS276771B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-16 DK DK573989A patent/DK573989A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-11-16 JP JP1296307A patent/JP2839918B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-17 FI FI895489A patent/FI101398B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1182448A (en) * | 1966-08-19 | 1970-02-25 | Kao Corp | New Polyoxyalkylene Derivatives |
US4312775A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1982-01-26 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Polyether thickeners for aqueous systems containing additives for increased thickening efficiency |
US4481125A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1984-11-06 | E.F. Houghton & Co. | Water-based hydraulic fluid |
US4767555A (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-08-30 | Texaco Inc. | Hydrophobic epoxide modified polyoxyalkylene diamines and thickened aqueous fluids |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4438709A1 (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1996-03-21 | Helmut Lehmer Gmbh Stahl Und M | Mechanical=hydraulic lift for lifting people and loads |
US6635604B1 (en) | 1999-02-11 | 2003-10-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Low molecular weight water soluble organic compounds as crystallization point suppressants in brines |
EP1152068A4 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2006-12-27 | Yasuo Fukutani | Rust preventive |
EP1152068A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-11-07 | Yasuo Fukutani | Rust preventive |
US6835323B2 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2004-12-28 | Kemira Oyj | Aqueous hydraulic medium |
US6673752B2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2004-01-06 | Corning Incorporated | High performance cutting fluids for glassy, crystalline, or aggregate materials |
WO2006077257A1 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-07-27 | Abb Ab | Industrial robot lubricated with a polyglycol-based lubricant |
US20110303210A1 (en) * | 2008-12-20 | 2011-12-15 | Steven Grumbine | Wiresaw cutting method |
US8960177B2 (en) * | 2008-12-20 | 2015-02-24 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Wiresaw cutting method |
CN101575551B (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2013-04-24 | 柳瑜 | Water-based cutting fluid |
WO2020115177A1 (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-06-11 | Castrol Limited | Aqueous metalworking fluids and methods for using the same |
CN113544243A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2021-10-22 | 卡斯特罗尔有限公司 | Aqueous metalworking fluids and methods of using the same |
US11732212B2 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2023-08-22 | Castrol Limited | Aqueous metalworking fluids and methods for using the same |
CN113544243B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2023-10-20 | 卡斯特罗尔有限公司 | Aqueous metalworking fluids and methods of using the same |
CN112063440A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2020-12-11 | 山东奥瑞特矿业科技股份有限公司 | High-performance environment-friendly anti-freezing solution for hydraulic support and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO894533L (en) | 1990-05-18 |
CS8906492A2 (en) | 1991-11-12 |
CS276771B6 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
DK573989D0 (en) | 1989-11-16 |
ZA898754B (en) | 1991-07-31 |
AU620661B2 (en) | 1992-02-20 |
DE68906653D1 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
NO179076B (en) | 1996-04-22 |
EP0369692B1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
FI895489A0 (en) | 1989-11-17 |
JPH02189393A (en) | 1990-07-25 |
NO179076C (en) | 1996-07-31 |
DE68906653T2 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
FI101398B (en) | 1998-06-15 |
FI101398B1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
GB8826857D0 (en) | 1988-12-21 |
ES2055100T3 (en) | 1994-08-16 |
CA2002813C (en) | 2000-07-11 |
ATE89598T1 (en) | 1993-06-15 |
CA2002813A1 (en) | 1990-05-17 |
AU4471789A (en) | 1990-05-24 |
DK573989A (en) | 1990-05-18 |
NO894533D0 (en) | 1989-11-14 |
JP2839918B2 (en) | 1998-12-24 |
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