EP0369460B1 - Spinneret - Google Patents
Spinneret Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0369460B1 EP0369460B1 EP19890121297 EP89121297A EP0369460B1 EP 0369460 B1 EP0369460 B1 EP 0369460B1 EP 19890121297 EP19890121297 EP 19890121297 EP 89121297 A EP89121297 A EP 89121297A EP 0369460 B1 EP0369460 B1 EP 0369460B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spinneret
- capillary
- length
- metal plate
- capillaries
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
- D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
Definitions
- This invention relates to a spinneret comprising tapering capillaries with straight sidewalls.
- the most common method of making spinneret capillary passageways is to counterbore a hole partway through the plate, then to complete the hole by punching through the remaining thickness.
- the counterbore and punch method is generally recognized as being the least expensive, being versatile in the shapes which can be formed, and giving the most uniform capillaries.
- drills are more fragile than punches, their use is generally limited to forming larger sized holes.
- the capillary portion of the passageway has been limited either to short length or to relatively large diameter by the physical characteristics of the punch, drill, or other tools used to form the passageway. Because of the short length of the capillary when made by methods of the prior art, insufficient molecular orientation is imparted to the filaments during spinning or extrusion of the filaments, causing their cross-sectional shapes to change considerably from the designed shape of the hole. Particularly in the spinning of hollow filaments, a short capillary reduces significantly the amount of structural support to the internal element or obstruction in the passageway which produces the hollow interior portion of the filament. This limits the number of times a spinneret face can be lapped or polished, in order to remove nicks or other minor imperfections. In addition, failure to impart sufficient orientation to the hollow filaments during spinning or extrusion causes many undesired opened or split filaments to be formed instead of the desired true hollow filaments.
- the ideal spinneret would have complete capillary-to-capillary uniformity, as well as uniformity along the length of the capillary.
- Each capillary would have a length to width ratio of at least 1.5, and preferably 2 or more, for adequate molecular orientation during spinning.
- the holes would be as small as practical for accurate metering of the polymer streams, and the capillary walls would be straight for the same reason.
- the spinneret would be made from hard metal for long life. Further, the spinneret would operate at low pressures (e.g., at less than 14,000 kPa) to reduce pack leaks and pumping requirements.) Unfortunately, the requirement for good metering (small, straight-sided holes with long length-to-width dimensions) conflicts with low pressure operation.
- the invention as claimed in claim 1 solves the problem of how to reduce the pressure drop through the spinneret capillary and to improve metering (filament-to-filament uniformity).
- Fig. 1 is a plan view of the portion of the exit face of a spinneret plate 10 having one complex slot type spinneret capillary 12.
- spinneret capillary as herein defined is a complex arrangement of slot type openings together providing for the extrusion of one filament.
- the capillary 12 comprises four peripheral slot type openings 14 generally surrounding an inner minute area. Extending radially inward short of a common intersection are four straight slot type openings 18 each joining the peripheral openings 14 at their centers.
- the peripheral width of air vents 16 is less than the radial width of each opening 14.
- T-shaped streams are formed at and immediately downstream of the exit face of spinneret plate 10. Adjacent ends of the T-shaped streams then coalesce to form a continuous integral filament having four uniform voids extending continuously therealong. Air vents 16 allow entrance of air into the voids before coalescence, thus, preventing the collapse of the filament due to the internal vacuum which otherwise would result.
- peripheral openings 14 are shown at exit face 28 leading to their simultaneously machined tapered counterbores 22.
- radial openings 18 with counterbores 26 separated by unmachined area 24.
- Spinneret plate 10 is ordinarily much thicker than the thickness between entrance 30 of the capillary and exit face 28.
- larger counterbore 20 with flat entrance face 30 is machined into plate 10 at each location where a spinneret capillary is to be formed.
- the ratio of length 14 a of the capillary to the width 18a of the capillary slot is preferably greater than 2 and the sidewalls of the capillary slots are tapered in the direction of the lower surface 28 of the spinneret plate 10 at an included angle A which is in the range of from about 3 to about 20 degrees.
- the slots 14 and 18 are between about 0.050 mm and 0.130 mm in width (18 a ) and between about 0.40 mm and 1.0 mm in length (14 a ).
- the slot openings 14 are preferably equal to slot openings 18.
- the capillaries are made by cutting the holes with a laser beam (150 watt pulsed Nd YAG Laser by Lasag, followed by polishing the inside of the holes, using fluid machining equipment such as supplied by Extrude Hone Corporation of Irwin, PA.
- a laser beam 150 watt pulsed Nd YAG Laser by Lasag
- fluid machining equipment such as supplied by Extrude Hone Corporation of Irwin, PA.
- the spinneret capillary shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is exemplary of the variety of complicated capillaries which can utilize the principles of this invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates to a spinneret comprising tapering capillaries with straight sidewalls.
- The most common method of making spinneret capillary passageways is to counterbore a hole partway through the plate, then to complete the hole by punching through the remaining thickness. Of the known methods for forming capillaries, the counterbore and punch method is generally recognized as being the least expensive, being versatile in the shapes which can be formed, and giving the most uniform capillaries.
- Preparation of spinneret capillaries by drilling and by electric discharge machining (EDM) are also known. Both of these methods are relatively slow (and therefore expensive) and give poorer hole-to-hole uniformity than does the counterbore-punch method. Hole-to-hole uniformity is critical in obtaining filament-to-filament uniformity, required for the spinning of high quality yarns.
- Further, because drills are more fragile than punches, their use is generally limited to forming larger sized holes.
- The capillary portion of the passageway has been limited either to short length or to relatively large diameter by the physical characteristics of the punch, drill, or other tools used to form the passageway. Because of the short length of the capillary when made by methods of the prior art, insufficient molecular orientation is imparted to the filaments during spinning or extrusion of the filaments, causing their cross-sectional shapes to change considerably from the designed shape of the hole. Particularly in the spinning of hollow filaments, a short capillary reduces significantly the amount of structural support to the internal element or obstruction in the passageway which produces the hollow interior portion of the filament. This limits the number of times a spinneret face can be lapped or polished, in order to remove nicks or other minor imperfections. In addition, failure to impart sufficient orientation to the hollow filaments during spinning or extrusion causes many undesired opened or split filaments to be formed instead of the desired true hollow filaments.
- The ideal spinneret would have complete capillary-to-capillary uniformity, as well as uniformity along the length of the capillary. Each capillary would have a length to width ratio of at least 1.5, and preferably 2 or more, for adequate molecular orientation during spinning. The holes would be as small as practical for accurate metering of the polymer streams, and the capillary walls would be straight for the same reason. The spinneret would be made from hard metal for long life. Further, the spinneret would operate at low pressures (e.g., at less than 14,000 kPa) to reduce pack leaks and pumping requirements.) Unfortunately, the requirement for good metering (small, straight-sided holes with long length-to-width dimensions) conflicts with low pressure operation.
- The invention as claimed in claim 1 solves the problem of how to reduce the pressure drop through the spinneret capillary and to improve metering (filament-to-filament uniformity).
- Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of
subclaim 2. - Examples of the invention are described thereafter with reference to the drawings, in which:
- Fig. 1 is a plan view of the portion of the exit face of a spinneret plate and
- Fig. 2 is a section through the spinneret of Fig. 1 along line 2-2.
- While this invention can produce any of a great number of complex slot type spinneret capillaries, it is described hereinafter with reference to one particular form. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is in no way limited to the particular form of capillary illustrated.
- Fig. 1 is a plan view of the portion of the exit face of a spinneret
plate 10 having one complex slot type spinneret capillary 12. Ordinarily, finished spinneret plates have from several to a multiplicity of capillaries identical to the one shown. As is apparent, "spinneret capillary" as herein defined is a complex arrangement of slot type openings together providing for the extrusion of one filament. Thecapillary 12 comprises four peripheralslot type openings 14 generally surrounding an inner minute area. Extending radially inward short of a common intersection are four straightslot type openings 18 each joining theperipheral openings 14 at their centers.Air vents 16, coextensive with the surroundingspinneret plate 10, separateperipheral openings 14. Preferably, the peripheral width ofair vents 16 is less than the radial width of eachopening 14. - During extrusion of, e.g., a molten polymer through capillary 12, four T-shaped streams are formed at and immediately downstream of the exit face of
spinneret plate 10. Adjacent ends of the T-shaped streams then coalesce to form a continuous integral filament having four uniform voids extending continuously therealong.Air vents 16 allow entrance of air into the voids before coalescence, thus, preventing the collapse of the filament due to the internal vacuum which otherwise would result. - In Fig. 2,
peripheral openings 14 are shown atexit face 28 leading to their simultaneously machinedtapered counterbores 22. Likewise shown areradial openings 18 with counterbores 26 separated byunmachined area 24.Spinneret plate 10 is ordinarily much thicker than the thickness between entrance 30 of the capillary andexit face 28. Before machining the capillary,larger counterbore 20 with flat entrance face 30 is machined intoplate 10 at each location where a spinneret capillary is to be formed. The ratio of length 14a of the capillary to the width 18a of the capillary slot is preferably greater than 2 and the sidewalls of the capillary slots are tapered in the direction of thelower surface 28 of thespinneret plate 10 at an included angle A which is in the range of from about 3 to about 20 degrees. - By way of providing a scale to desirable spinneret capillaries the
slots slot openings 14 are preferably equal toslot openings 18. - The capillaries are made by cutting the holes with a laser beam (150 watt pulsed Nd YAG Laser by Lasag, followed by polishing the inside of the holes, using fluid machining equipment such as supplied by Extrude Hone Corporation of Irwin, PA.
- The spinneret capillary shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is exemplary of the variety of complicated capillaries which can utilize the principles of this invention.
Claims (2)
- A spinneret comprising
a metal plate (10) having upper and lower surfaces connected by a passage, said passage exiting said lower surface (28) in a capillary length (12)
with sidewalls having directly opposed portions that taper to said lower surface at an included angle from 3 degrees to 20 degrees,
characterized by
said capillary length (12) having a slotted configuration formed of a one piece structure and comprising air vents (16) coextensive with the surrounding spinneret plate (10) and separating peripheral openings (14) and
said capillary length having a length (14a) of between 0.40 mm to 1.0 mm and a width (18a) at the lower metal plate surface (28) of between 0.050 mm and 0.130 mm. - The spinneret of claim 1, wherein said metal plate (10) has a hardness greater than 150 Brinell.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US27306988A | 1988-11-18 | 1988-11-18 | |
US273069 | 1988-11-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0369460A2 EP0369460A2 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
EP0369460A3 EP0369460A3 (en) | 1990-09-05 |
EP0369460B1 true EP0369460B1 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
Family
ID=23042414
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19890121297 Expired - Lifetime EP0369460B1 (en) | 1988-11-18 | 1989-11-17 | Spinneret |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0369460B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH02191705A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8905674A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2001426A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE68921043T2 (en) |
RU (1) | RU1838461C (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006029972A1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | Irema-Filter Gmbh | Apparatus for producing a nonwoven fabric in the melt-blown process |
TWI374952B (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2012-10-21 | Shinkong Synthetic Fibers Corp | Fiber with 4t cross section, and spinneret and method for producing the same |
CN102251297A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-23 | 新光合成纤维股份有限公司 | Fiber with 4T-shaped section |
TWI650451B (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-02-11 | 新光合成纖維股份有限公司 | A down-like fiber, a spinneret and a method for manufacturing the fiber |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3608041A (en) * | 1964-01-09 | 1971-09-21 | Celanese Corp | Spinning process |
GB1136689A (en) * | 1967-07-31 | 1968-12-11 | Schwarza Chemiefaser | Spinneret |
US4015924A (en) * | 1973-08-10 | 1977-04-05 | Celanese Corporation | Spinning apparatus providing for essentially constant extensional strain rate |
-
1989
- 1989-10-25 CA CA 2001426 patent/CA2001426A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-11-06 BR BR8905674A patent/BR8905674A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-17 DE DE1989621043 patent/DE68921043T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-17 RU SU894742541A patent/RU1838461C/en active
- 1989-11-17 JP JP29776589A patent/JPH02191705A/en active Pending
- 1989-11-17 EP EP19890121297 patent/EP0369460B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH02191705A (en) | 1990-07-27 |
BR8905674A (en) | 1990-06-05 |
DE68921043T2 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
EP0369460A3 (en) | 1990-09-05 |
DE68921043D1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
EP0369460A2 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
RU1838461C (en) | 1993-08-30 |
CA2001426A1 (en) | 1990-05-18 |
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