EP0369016A1 - Source of alternating voltage for gas-cleaning electrofilters - Google Patents

Source of alternating voltage for gas-cleaning electrofilters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0369016A1
EP0369016A1 EP88907451A EP88907451A EP0369016A1 EP 0369016 A1 EP0369016 A1 EP 0369016A1 EP 88907451 A EP88907451 A EP 88907451A EP 88907451 A EP88907451 A EP 88907451A EP 0369016 A1 EP0369016 A1 EP 0369016A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
input
output
outputs
inputs
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0369016A4 (en
Inventor
Boris Iliich Grinshtein
Valery Pavlovich Zhmurov
Anatoly Lukich Timoshenko
Stanislav Leontievich Bezugly
Vladimir Petrovich Kotlyar
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Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Energetichesky Institut Imeni Gmkrzhizhanovskogo
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Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Energetichesky Institut Imeni Gmkrzhizhanovskogo
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the separation of very finely divided particles from gases using an electrostatic effect and in particular relates to a source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators.
  • a source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators (SU, A, 904784) which contains high-voltage sources for voltages of different polarities, which consist of step-up transformers, the primary windings of which are connected to a voltage source and the secondary windings of which are connected to the input of rectifier bridges.
  • the outputs of the rectifier bridges are connected to the electrodes of an electrostatic filter via changeover switches.
  • the source also contains a controlled discharge element, the first connection of which is connected to a spray electrode of the electrostatic precipitator, the second connection is connected via a limiting resistor to a low-level electrode of the electrostatic precipitator and the control input of which is connected to the first output of a control unit.
  • the two other outputs of the control unit are connected to the control inputs of the changeover switches.
  • the high voltage sources for voltages of positive and negative polarity are alternately connected to the electrostatic filter.
  • This device is complicated and not reliable enough to work due to the presence of the two high voltage sources and therefore also the two changeover switches. If one of the high-voltage sources fails, a voltage of one polarity is applied to the electrodes of the electrostatic filter with pauses, the duration of which is equal to the time of absence of the voltage of the other polarity. This causes a sharp drop in the degree of gas purification.
  • the input of a current generator is connected to the second connection of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer, the output of which is connected to a precipitation electrode of the electrostatic filter.
  • An input of a control unit is connected to the output of the current transmitter, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the thyristor controller and to the second input of the former of an alternating voltage.
  • the source also includes a voltage divider in the form of a voltage divider, the first connection of which to the spray electrode of the electro Filters placed and the second connection is connected to the precipitation electrode of the electrostatic filter. The output of the voltage divider is led to the second input of the control unit.
  • the control unit contains a series circuit consisting of a current regulator, a logic unit and a former with wide chip removal pulses.
  • Said device ensures the one-way rectification of the voltage supplied to the electrodes of the electrostatic filter.
  • the positive and negative polarity of the voltage at the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator are determined by the control input of the high-voltage thyristor holder located in the diagonal branch of the rectifier bridge of the former of an alternating voltage with voltage pulses from the output of the former of the control unit.
  • the output signals of the current and voltage transmitter go to the input of the current controller of the control unit.
  • the control unit specifies the polarity and amplitude of the voltage at the electrodes of the electrostatic filter and the duration of the voltage of each polarity. In emergency operation, for example in the event of a breakdown, the current regulator generates the control unit receives a signal to switch off the power supply.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators, the implementation of which in terms of circuitry by means of a transition to the operating mode of a unipolar power supply for the electrostatic precipitator makes it possible to increase the operational reliability of the device.
  • the Alternating voltage source for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators which is provided with a means for electrode shaking and an step-up transformer, in which the connections of the primary winding are connected to an AC voltage source via a thyristor voltage regulator, an alternating voltage former, the first input of which is connected to the first connection of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer and its output is led to a spray electrode of the electric filter, a current transmitter, the input of which is connected to the second connection of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer and the output of which is electrically connected to a low-voltage electrode of the electrostatic filter, a control unit whose one input is connected to the output of the current generator and its outputs are connected to the control inputs of the thyristor voltage regulator and to the second input of the former of an alternating voltage, and contains a voltage generator in the form of a spa voltage divider is executed, the first connection to the spray electrode of the electrostatic precipitator, the second connection electrically connected to the precipitation electrode of the electrostatic
  • the source additionally contains an indicator connected to the output of the execution element.
  • the use of the present invention makes it possible to increase the operational reliability because in the source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators, a check is carried out for the presence of a voltage of positive and negative polarity on the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the mode of operation is switched to a unipolar power supply for the electrostatic precipitator without a voltage drop during the absence of voltage from one of the polarities.
  • the source of alternating voltage for a gas cleaning electrostatic filter 1 (FIG. 1) is provided with a means 2 for shaking the electrodes.
  • the means 2 for shaking a precipitation electrode and a spray electrode 3 or 4 is designed in the form of a hammer system (not shown in FIG. 1) arranged on the shaft of an electric motor.
  • the source also has a thyristor voltage regulator 5, the first input of which is connected to an AC voltage source 6.
  • the thyristor voltage regulator 5 is constructed from two thyristor valves 7, 8 connected in anti-parallel.
  • the output of the thyristor voltage regulator 5 is connected to the primary winding 9 of a step-up transformer 10.
  • the first input of a former 12 of an alternating voltage is connected to the first connection of the secondary winding 11 of the step-up transformer 10, the output of which is connected to the spray electrode 4 of the electrostatic filter 1.
  • the former 12 of an alternating voltage is designed as a rectifier bridge with diodes 13, 14, 15, 16, in whose diagonal branch there is a 1% thyristor switch.
  • a combined connection of the diodes 13, 15 is connected to the first connection of the secondary winding 11 of the step-up transformer 10.
  • a combined connection of the diodes 14, 16 is guided to the spray electrode 4 of the electrostatic filter 1.
  • the source has a current transmitter 18, as which a shunt resistor is used, the high-voltage connections of which are connected to the second connection of the secondary winding 11 of the step-up transformer 10 and to a common rail 19.
  • the precipitation electrode 3 of the electrostatic filter 1 is guided to the common rail 19.
  • the first input of a control unit 20 is connected to the measuring terminals of the current transmitter 18, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the thyristors 7, e of the thyristor controller 5 and to the control input of the thyristor switch 17, which occurs as the second input of the former 12 of an alternating voltage.
  • the control unit 20 contains a series circuit comprising a current regulator 21 (GM-A.Aliev "Agregaty pitania elektrofiltrov” (power supply devices for electrostatic precipitators), 1981, publisher “Energoizdat”, Moscow, pp. 96 to 97), a logic unit 22 and a former 23 broad voltage impulses ("Elektrotekhnika", No. 1.1985, BI Grinshtein ea "Tiristornyi istochnik znakoperemennogo napryazhenia. dlya pitania elektrofiltrov gazoochistki", Moscow, p. 22,23).
  • the first input of the current regulator 21 serves as the first input of the control unit 20 and is connected to the measuring terminals of the current generator 18.
  • the second input of the current regulator 21 occurs as the second input of the control unit 20.
  • the first and the second input of the logic unit 22 act as third and fourth inputs of the control unit 20.
  • the first and the second output of the shaper 23 of wide voltage pulses appear as the first and second inputs * of the control unit 20 and are at the control inputs of the thyristors 7,8 of the thyristor regulator 5 and the control inputs of the thyristor switch 17 of the former 12 are connected to an alternating voltage.
  • the source also includes a voltage transmitter 24, which is designed in the form of a voltage divider connected in parallel with the electrostatic filter 1, the first connection of which is connected to the spray electrode 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, the second connection to the common rail 19 and the output of which is connected to the second input of the control unit 20 .
  • the input of a unit 25 for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity is also connected to the combined connection of the voltage transmitter 24.
  • the unit 25 for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity contains anti-parallel diodes 26, 27, the inputs of which are connected together and the outputs of which are connected via stabilizer diodes 28, 29 to a common rail 30 of a (not shown in FIG.) Supply source of the control unit 20.
  • the inputs of integrators 31, 32, each of which contains an operational amplifier 33, in whose feedback circuits capacitors 34 are connected, are connected to the outputs of the unit 25 for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity.
  • the control input of the switching element 35 bridging the integrator 31 is connected to the input of the integrator 32.
  • the control input of the switching element 36 bridging the integrator 32 is connected to the input of the integrator 31.
  • the source also contains threshold elements 37, 38, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the integrators 31 and 32, and each of which is constructed in the form of an electronic relay.
  • the outputs of the sound wave elements 37, 38 are connected to the first and second inputs of the logic unit 22 of the control unit 20.
  • the outputs of the Sohwelle elements 37, 38 are also connected to the first and second inputs of an OR gate 39.
  • the output of the OR gate 39 is connected to the input of an execution element 40.
  • the execution element 40 is constructed in the form of an electronic switch from a transistor 41.
  • the base of transistor 41 is connected to the output of OR gate 39.
  • the emitter of transistor 41 is connected to the common rail 30.
  • the collector of the transistor 41 is in the circuit of an electromagnetic coil 42, the contacts 43 and 44 of which are in the supply circuit of the means 2 for shaking the electrodes 3 and 4 of the electrostatic filter 1 and in the circuit of an indicator 45.
  • the alternating voltage source for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators works as follows.
  • the primary winding 9 (FIG. 1) of the step-up transformer 10 is supplied with a voltage U 1 (FIG. 2a) from the output of the Weohsel voltage source 6 (FIG. 1) via the thyristor voltage regulator 5. From the connection of the secondary winding 11 of the step-up transformer 10, the signal reaches the input of the shaper 12 of an alternating voltage, at the output of which a voltage U 2 (FIG. 2b, 3a) is generated, the amplitude and duration of each polarity due to the properties of the sicn on the electrodes 3, 4 (FIG. 1) of the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the information about the processes in the electrostatic filter 1 arrive at the input of the current controller 21 of the control unit 20, at the output of which voltage pulses U 3 (FIG. 2a) are generated.
  • voltage pulses U 4 At the exit of the former 23 (Fig. 1) wide voltage pulses of the control unit 20, voltage pulses U 4 (Fig. 2c) are formed, the sequence of which is predetermined by an algorithm from the logic unit 22 of the control unit 20.
  • the voltage pulses U 4 arrive at the control inputs of the thyristor voltage regulator 5 (FIG. 1) and the former 12 of an alternating voltage, as a result of which the value of the control angle ⁇ (FIG. 2a) of the thyristor valves 7,8 (FIG.
  • the thyristor switch 17 of the former 12 is determined.
  • the amplitude of the voltage of any polarity on the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1 is regulated.
  • a voltage proportional to the voltage at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1 is supplied from the voltage generator 24 to the input of the unit 25 for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity.
  • the input signal of the unit 25 is limited to a certain level U 5 , U 6 (Fig. 3b, c) and branched into two channels via the valves 26,27 (Fig. 1).
  • the limit level of the voltage U 5 , U 6 corresponds to the minimum possible voltage at the electrodes 3, 4 (FIG. 1) of the electrostatic filter 1 in normal operation.
  • the voltage of positive and negative polarity U 5 , U 6 (FIG. 3b, c) is given by the outputs of the unit 25 (FIG.
  • the time constants of the integrators 31, 32 are selected such that the voltage at their outputs in normal operation with a maximum pulse duration of the voltage of any polarity at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1 does not exceed the threshold voltage U p (FIG. 3d). in which the threshold elements 37, 38 (FIG. 1) are triggered.
  • the voltage from the outputs of the integrators 31, 32 is fed to the inputs of the threshold elements 37, 38, the output signals of which are given via the OR gate 39 to the input of the execution element 40. If there is a voltage of both polarities at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, the threshold elements 37, 38 do not respond, the signals fail to appear, which is why the execution element 40 is not triggered.
  • the control unit 20 does not generate a pulse U 4 (FIG. 2 c) for forming a voltage U 2 (FIG. 3 a ) of negative polarity through the former 12 (FIG. 1 ) of an alternating voltage (the missing pulses of voltage U 4 (FIG. 2c) coming from the output of the farmer 23 (FIG. 1) of wide pulses from the control unit 20) dotted hinted).
  • the former 23 (FIG. 1) of wide pulses from the control unit 20 generates a pulse of the voltage U 4 (FIG. 2c), which at the input of the former 12 (FIG. 1) has an alternating voltage to form a voltage of positive polarity arrives.
  • a signal U 9 (FIG. 3 f) reaches the input of control unit 20 (FIG. 1) from the output of threshold element 37 (FIG. 1) to make the channel more negative for the voltage Lock polarity.
  • a signal U 4 (FIG. 2c) had to be generated at the output of the control unit 20 (FIG. 1) at the time t 4 to form a voltage of negative polarity by the former 12. Since the channel for the negative polarity voltage in the control unit 20 is blocked by a signal arriving from the output of the threshold element 37 and carrying information about a failure of the negative polarity voltage at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, a signal remains at the output of the former 23 (FIG.
  • the source operates in a similar manner.
  • the use of the alternating voltage source for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators allows increasing the operational reliability of the electrostatic precipitator, the degree of gas purification in the absence of the voltage of one of the polarities on the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, and to prevent possible emergencies in the event of a voltage failure of one of the polarities caused by a simultaneous Falling large masses of separated dust can cause the hardening in the receiving bunkers of a system of pressurized water ash removal.
  • the present invention is used in energetics in thermal power plants, in black metallurgy, cement industry, building material production.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A source of alternating voltage for gas-cleaning electrofilters provided with means (2) for shaking the electrodes comprises a step-up transformer (10), the primary winding (9) of which is connected, through a thyristor-type voltage regulator (5), to a source of alternating voltage (6), an alternating voltage generator (12), the input of which is connected to the secondary winding (11) of the step-up transformer (10), whereas the output is connected to the corona electrode (4) of the electrofilter (1). To the secondary winding (11) of the step-up transformer (10) is connected a current detector (18) connected to the receiving electrode (3) of the electrofilter (1). To the output of the current detector (18) is connected the input of a control unit (20), the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the thyristor-type voltage regulator (5) and the alternating voltage generator (12). To the corona and receiving electrodes (3, 4) of the electrofilter (1) is connected a voltage detector (24) in the form of a voltage divider, the output of which is connected to the control unit (20). The source further comprises a unit (25) for dividing the input signal into signals of opposite polarity, the input of which is connected to the voltage detector (24), integrators (31, 32), whose inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of the unit (25), switching elements (35, 36), the outputs of each of which are connected in parralel to each of the integrators (31, 32), threshold elements (37, 38), whose inputs are connected to the outputs of the integrators (31, 32) and whose outputs are connected to the control unit (20), an ''OR'' logic element (39) the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the threshold elements (37, 38), and an executing element (40), the input of which is connected to the output of the ''OR'' logic element (39), whereas the output is connected to the means (2) for shaking the electrodes of the electrofilter (1).

Description

Gebiet der TechnikTechnical field

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Ausscheiden von feinst verteilten Teilchen aus Gasen unter Benutzung eines elektrostatischen Effektes und betrifft insbesondere eine Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs-Elektrofilter.The present invention relates to the separation of very finely divided particles from gases using an electrostatic effect and in particular relates to a source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators.

Zugrundeliegender Stand der TechnikUnderlying state of the art

Bekannt ist eine Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs-Elektrofilter (SU,A,904784) welche Hochspannungsquellen für Spannungen verschiedener Polaritäten enthält, die aus Aufwärtstransformatoren bestehen, deren Primärwicklungen an eine Spannungsquelle und deren Sekundärwicklungen an den Eingang von Gleichriohterbrücken angeschlossen sind. Die Ausgänge der Gleichrichterbrücken sind über Umschalter mit den Elektroden eines Elektrofilters verbunden. Die Quelle enthält auch ein gesteuertes Entladeelement, dessen erster Anschluß mit einer Sprühelektrode des Elektrofilters, zweiter Anschluß über einen Begrenzungswiderstand mit einer Niedersohlagselektrode des Elektrofilters und dessen Steuereingang mit dem ersten Ausgang einer Steuereinheit verbunden ist. Die zwei anderen Ausgänge der Steuereinheit sind mit den Steuereingängen der Umschalter verbunden. In Übereinstimmung mit den Ausgangssignalen der Steuereinheit werden an das Elektrofilter die Hochspannungsquellen für Spannungen positiver und negativer Polarität wechselweise angeschlossen.A source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators (SU, A, 904784) is known which contains high-voltage sources for voltages of different polarities, which consist of step-up transformers, the primary windings of which are connected to a voltage source and the secondary windings of which are connected to the input of rectifier bridges. The outputs of the rectifier bridges are connected to the electrodes of an electrostatic filter via changeover switches. The source also contains a controlled discharge element, the first connection of which is connected to a spray electrode of the electrostatic precipitator, the second connection is connected via a limiting resistor to a low-level electrode of the electrostatic precipitator and the control input of which is connected to the first output of a control unit. The two other outputs of the control unit are connected to the control inputs of the changeover switches. In accordance with the output signals of the control unit, the high voltage sources for voltages of positive and negative polarity are alternately connected to the electrostatic filter.

Bei der Umpolung der Spannung an den Elektroden des Elektrofilters treten beträchtliche Überspannungen an den Umschaltern und Elektroden des Elektrofilters auf, was Funkendurchbrüche bei den Umschaltern und dem Elektrofilter verursacht. Um dem Auftreten der Uberspannungen.im Augenblick des Ausschaltens des Umschalters vorzubeugen, wird vom Ausgang der Steuereinheit ein Signal, zur Auslösung des gesteuerten Entladeelements gegeben, bei dessen Einschaltung die Spannung an den Elektroden des Elektrofilters auf Null abfällt. Dann wird nach einiger Pause, deren Dauer durch die Entionisierungsvorgänge auf der Entladestrecke des Ent- ladeelements bestimmt wird, auf die Elektroden des Elektrofilters die Spannung anderer Polarität gegeben.When the polarity of the voltage at the electrodes of the electrostatic filter is reversed, considerable overvoltages occur at the changeover switches and electrodes of the electrostatic filter, which causes spark breakdowns in the changeover switches and the electrostatic filter. In order to prevent the occurrence of overvoltages at the moment the switch is switched off, a signal is given by the output of the control unit to trigger the controlled discharge element, the voltage at the electrodes of the electrostatic filter falling to zero when it is switched on. Then, after a pause the duration nt by the Entionisierungsvorgänge on the discharge path of the E charging element is determined, the voltage of the other polarity is given to the electrodes of the electrostatic filter.

Diese Einrichtung ist kompliziert und nicht zuverlässig genug in der Arbeit wegen des Vorhandenseins der zwei Hochspannungsquellen und also auch der zwei Umschalter. Beim Ausfall der einen der Hochspannungsquellen wird an die Elektroden des Elektrofilters eine Spannung der einen Polarität mit Pausen angelegt, deren Dauer gleich der Zeit des Ausbleibens der Spannung der anderen Polarität ist. Dies ruft einen steilen Abfall des Gasreinigungsgrades hervor.This device is complicated and not reliable enough to work due to the presence of the two high voltage sources and therefore also the two changeover switches. If one of the high-voltage sources fails, a voltage of one polarity is applied to the electrodes of the electrostatic filter with pauses, the duration of which is equal to the time of absence of the voltage of the other polarity. This causes a sharp drop in the degree of gas purification.

Es ist auch eine Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs-Elektrofilter ("Elektrotekhnika", Nr. 1,1985, Moskau, B.I. Grinshtein u.a. "Tiristornyi istochnik znakoperemennogo napryazhenia . dlya pitania elektrofiltrov gazoochistki" (Thyristorquelle einer alternierenden Spannung zur Speisung von Gasreinigungs-Elektrofiltern), S.22) be-. kannt, die mit einem Mittel zum Elektrodenschütteln versehen ist und einen Thyristorspannungsregler enthält, dessen Eingang an eine Wechselspannungsquelle gelegt ist. Der Ausgang des Thyristorspannungsreglers ist an die Primärwicklung eines Aufwärtstransformators geschaltet. An den ersten Anschluß der SekundärwicKlung des Aufwärtstransformators ist der erste Eingang eines Formers einer alternierenden Spannung gelegt, dessen Ausgang an eine Sprühelektrode des Elektrofilters geschaltet ist. Der Former einer alternierenden Spannung- ist in Form einer Gleichrichterbrücke ausgeführt, in deren Diagonalzweig ein Hochspannungsthyristorschalter liegt.It is also a source of alternating voltage for gas purification electrostatic precipitators ("Elektrotekhnika", No. 1.1985, Moscow, BI Grinshtein, etc. , P.22) knows, which is provided with a means for electrode shaking and contains a thyristor voltage regulator, the input of which is connected to an AC voltage source. The output of the thyristor voltage regulator is connected to the primary winding of a step-up transformer. The first input of a former of an alternating voltage is connected to the first connection of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer, the output of which is connected to a spray electrode of the electrostatic filter. The form of an alternating voltage is designed in the form of a rectifier bridge, in the diagonal branch of which there is a high-voltage thyristor switch.

An den zweiten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung des Aufwärtstransformators ist der Eingang eines Stromgebers geschaltet, dessen Ausgang mit einer Niederschlagselektrode des Elektrofilters verbunden ist. An den Ausgang des Stromgebers ist ein Eingang einer Steuereinheit angeschlossen, deren Ausgänge an die Steuereingänge des Thyristorreglers und an den zweiten Eingang des Formers einer alternierenden Spannung geschaltet sind. Die Quelle enthält auch einen in Form eines Spannungsteilers ausgeführten Spannungsgeber, dessen erster Anschluß an die Sprühelektrode des Elektrofilters gelegt und dessen zweiter Anschluß mit der Niederschlagselektrode des Elektrofilters verbunden ist. Der Ausgang des Spannungsteilers ist an den zweiten Eingang der Steuereinheit geführt. Die Steuereinheit enthält eine Reihenschaltung aus einem Stromregler, einer Logikeinheit und einem Former breiter Spaanungsimpulse.The input of a current generator is connected to the second connection of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer, the output of which is connected to a precipitation electrode of the electrostatic filter. An input of a control unit is connected to the output of the current transmitter, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the thyristor controller and to the second input of the former of an alternating voltage. The source also includes a voltage divider in the form of a voltage divider, the first connection of which to the spray electrode of the electro Filters placed and the second connection is connected to the precipitation electrode of the electrostatic filter. The output of the voltage divider is led to the second input of the control unit. The control unit contains a series circuit consisting of a current regulator, a logic unit and a former with wide chip removal pulses.

Die genannte Einrichtung sorgt für die Einweggleichrichtung der den Elektroden des Elektrofilters zugeführten Spannung. Die positive und negative Polarität der Spannung an den Elektroden des Elektrofilters werden durch Belegung des Steuereinganges des im Diagonalzweig der Gleichrichterbrücke des Formers einer alternierenden Spannung liegenden Hochspannungsthyristorsohalters mit Spannungsimpulsen vom Ausgang des Formers breiter Spannungsimpulse der Steuereinheit bestimmt. Die Ausgangssignale des Strom- und Spannungsgebers gelangen auf den Eingang des Stromreglers der Steuereinheit. Die Steuereinheit gibt die Polarität und Amplitude der Spannung an den Elektroden des Elektrofilters sowie die Dauer der Spannung jeder Polarität vor. Im Notbetrieb, beispielsweise bei einem Durchschlag, erzeugt der Stromregler

Figure imgb0001
der Steuereinheit ein Signal zur Abschaltung der Stromversorgung. Als Folgev Störungen in der Starkstrom- und der Steuerschaltung der Einrichtung kann die Spannung einer der Polaritäten an den Elektroden des Elektrofilters verschwinden, weshalb auf die Elektroden des Elektrofilters eine Spannung der einen Polarität mit Pausen gegeben wird, die gleich der Zeit des Ausbleibens der Spannung der anderen Polarität sind. Dies hat eine unzureichende Betriebszuverlässigkeit der Einrichtung, eine Erniedrigung des Gasreinigungsgrades zur Folge.Said device ensures the one-way rectification of the voltage supplied to the electrodes of the electrostatic filter. The positive and negative polarity of the voltage at the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator are determined by the control input of the high-voltage thyristor holder located in the diagonal branch of the rectifier bridge of the former of an alternating voltage with voltage pulses from the output of the former of the control unit. The output signals of the current and voltage transmitter go to the input of the current controller of the control unit. The control unit specifies the polarity and amplitude of the voltage at the electrodes of the electrostatic filter and the duration of the voltage of each polarity. In emergency operation, for example in the event of a breakdown, the current regulator generates
Figure imgb0001
the control unit receives a signal to switch off the power supply. As a result of disturbances in the power circuit and the control circuit of the device, the voltage of one of the polarities on the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator can disappear, which is why a voltage of one polarity with pauses is applied to the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, which is equal to the time of the absence of the voltage different polarity. This results in inadequate operational reliability of the device and a decrease in the degree of gas purification.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Der vorliegendenErfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs-Elektrofilter zu schaffen, deren schaltungstechnische Realisierung durch einen.Übergang auf die Betriebsart einer unipolaren Stromversorgung des Elektrofilters im Notbetrieb es gestattet, die Betriebszuverlässigkeit der Einrichtung zu erhöhen.The present invention is based on the object of providing a source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators, the implementation of which in terms of circuitry by means of a transition to the operating mode of a unipolar power supply for the electrostatic precipitator makes it possible to increase the operational reliability of the device.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daR die Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs-Elektrofilter, die mit einem Mittel zum Elektrodenschütteln versehen ist und einen Aufwärtstransformator, bei dem die Anschlüsse der Primärwicklung über einen Thyristorspannungsregler an eine Wechselspannungsquelle gelegt sind, einen Former einer alternierenden Spannung, dessen erster Eingang an den ersten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung des Aufwärtstransformators und dessen Ausgang an eine Sprühelektrode des Eiektrofilters geführt ist, einen Stromgeber, dessen Eingang an den zweiten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung des Aufwärtstransformators gelegt und dessen Ausgang mit einer Nieder- schl,agselektrode des Elektrofilters elektrisch verbunden ist, eine Steuereinheit, deren einer Eingang an den Ausgang des Stromgebers und deren Ausgänge an die Steuereingänge des Thyristorspannungsreglers und an den zweiten Eingang des Formers einer alternierenden Spannung geschaltet sind, und einen Spannungsgeber enthält, der in Form eines Spannungsteilers ausgeführt ist, dessen erster Anschluß an die Sprühelektrode des Elektrofilters geführt, dessen zweiter Anschluß mit der Niederschlagselektrode des Elektrofilters elektrisch verbunden und dessen Ausgang an den zweiten Eingang der Steuereinheit geschaltet sind, gemäß der Erfindung zusätzlich eine Einheit zur Trennung des Eingangssignals in Signale verschiedener Polarität, deren Eingang an den Ausgang des Spannungsteilers des Spannungsgebers angeschlossen ist, Integratoren, deren Eingänge an die jeweiligen Ausgänge der Einheit zur Trennung des Eingangssignals in Sig-. nale verschiedener Polarität angeschlossen sind, Schaltelemente, bei denen allen die Anschlüsse der Starkstromkontakte zu jedem der Integratoren parallelgeschaltet sind, wobei der Steuerkontakt jedes an einen Integrator angeschlossenen Schaltelements mit dem Eingang des anderen Integrators verbunden ist, sowie Schwellenelemente, deren Eingänge an die Ausgänge der Integratoren und deren Ausgänge an den dritten und vierten Eingang der Steuereinheit geführt sind, ein ODER-Glied, dessen Eingänge an die Ausgänge der Schwellenelemente geschaltet sind., und ein Ausführungselement aufweist, dessen Eingang am Ausgang des ODER-Gliedes liegt und dessen Ausgang mit dem Mittel zum Schütteln der Elektroden des Elektrofilters verbunden ist.The task is solved in that the Alternating voltage source for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators, which is provided with a means for electrode shaking and an step-up transformer, in which the connections of the primary winding are connected to an AC voltage source via a thyristor voltage regulator, an alternating voltage former, the first input of which is connected to the first connection of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer and its output is led to a spray electrode of the electric filter, a current transmitter, the input of which is connected to the second connection of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer and the output of which is electrically connected to a low-voltage electrode of the electrostatic filter, a control unit whose one input is connected to the output of the current generator and its outputs are connected to the control inputs of the thyristor voltage regulator and to the second input of the former of an alternating voltage, and contains a voltage generator in the form of a spa voltage divider is executed, the first connection to the spray electrode of the electrostatic precipitator, the second connection electrically connected to the precipitation electrode of the electrostatic precipitator and the output of which are connected to the second input of the control unit, according to the invention additionally a unit for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity , whose input is connected to the output of the voltage divider of the voltage transmitter, integrators, whose inputs to the respective outputs of the unit for separating the input signal into sig-. n a le of different polarity are connected, switching elements in which all the connections of the power contacts to each of the integrators are connected in parallel, the control contact of each switching element connected to one integrator being connected to the input of the other integrator, and threshold elements whose inputs to the outputs of the integrators and their outputs are led to the third and fourth inputs of the control unit, an OR gate, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the threshold elements, and an execution element, the input of which is at the output of the OR gate and the output of which is connected to the means for shaking the electrodes of the electrostatic filter.

Es ist zweckmäßig, daß zwecks Signalisierung eines Notbetriebsder Quelle diese zusätzlich einen an den Ausgang des Ausführungselements angeschlossenen Anzeiger enthält.It is expedient that, in order to signal emergency operation of the source, the source additionally contains an indicator connected to the output of the execution element.

Die Benutzung der vorliegenden Erfindung gestattet es, die Betriebszuverlässigkeit zu erhöhen, weil in der Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs-Elektrofilter eine Kontrolle des Vorhandenseins einer Spannung positiver und negativer Polarität an den Elektroden des Elektrofilters durchgeführt wird. Bei Notbetrieben, wo an den Elektroden des Elektrofilters die Spannung einer der Polaritäten ausbleibt, erfolgt ein Übergang auf die Betriebsart einer unipolaren Stromversorgung des Elektrofilters ohne Spannungsausfall während des Ausbleibens der Spannung einer der Polaritäten.The use of the present invention makes it possible to increase the operational reliability because in the source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators, a check is carried out for the presence of a voltage of positive and negative polarity on the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator. In emergency operations, where the voltage of one of the polarities is absent from the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, the mode of operation is switched to a unipolar power supply for the electrostatic precipitator without a voltage drop during the absence of voltage from one of the polarities.

Kurze Besohreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Die vorliegende Erfindung soll durch die nachstehende Beschreibung der Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs-Elektrofilter an einem konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der beiliegenden Zeicnnungen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein Funktionsschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Quelle; Abhänigkeit der
  • Fig. 2 eine grafische Darstellung der Spaunung an den Elementen der.erfindungsgemäßen Quelle von der Zeit (in einer Vergrößerung);
  • Fig. 3 eine grafische Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Spannung an den Elementen der erfindungsgemäßen Quelle von der Zeit;
The present invention is to be explained in more detail by the following description of the source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators using a specific exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
  • 1 shows a functional circuit diagram of a source according to the invention; Dependence of
  • Fig. 2 is a graphical representation of the voltage drop on the elements of the source according to the invention over time (in an enlargement);
  • 3 shows a graphical representation of the dependence of the voltage on the elements of the source according to the invention over time;

Bevorzugte Ausführungsform der ErfindungPreferred embodiment of the invention

Die Quelle alternierender Spannung für ein Gasreinigungs--Elektrofilter 1 (Fig. 1) ist mit einem Mittel 2 zum Elektrodenschütteln versehen.The source of alternating voltage for a gas cleaning electrostatic filter 1 (FIG. 1) is provided with a means 2 for shaking the electrodes.

Das Mittel 2 zum Schütteln einer Niederschlags- und einer Sprühelektrode 3 bzw. 4 ist in Form eines auf der Welle eines Elektromotors angeordneten Hammersystems (in Fig. nicht gezeigt) ausgeführt.The means 2 for shaking a precipitation electrode and a spray electrode 3 or 4 is designed in the form of a hammer system (not shown in FIG. 1) arranged on the shaft of an electric motor.

Die Quelle weist auch einen Thyristorspannungsregler 5 auf, dessen erster Eingang an eine Wechselspannungsquelle 6 angesohlossen ist. Der Thyristorspannungsregler 5 ist aus zwei antiparallel geschalteten Thyristorventilen 7,8 aufgebaut. Der Ausgang des Thyristorspannungsreglers 5 ist an die Primärwicklung 9 eines Aufwärtstransformators 10 gelegt. An den ersten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung 11 des Aufwärtstransformators 10 ist der erste Eingang eines Formers 12 einer alternierenden Spannung geschaltet, dessen Ausgang an die Sprühelektrode 4 des Elektrofilters 1 gelegt ist.The source also has a thyristor voltage regulator 5, the first input of which is connected to an AC voltage source 6. The thyristor voltage regulator 5 is constructed from two thyristor valves 7, 8 connected in anti-parallel. The output of the thyristor voltage regulator 5 is connected to the primary winding 9 of a step-up transformer 10. The first input of a former 12 of an alternating voltage is connected to the first connection of the secondary winding 11 of the step-up transformer 10, the output of which is connected to the spray electrode 4 of the electrostatic filter 1.

Der Former 12 einer alternierenden Spannung ist als Gleichrichterbrücke mit Dioden 13,14,15,16 ausgebildet, in deren Diagonalzweig ein Thyristorschalter 1% liegt. An den ersten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung 11 des Aufwärtstransformators 10 ist ein vereinigter Anschluß der Dioden 13,15 geschaltet. An die Sprühelektrode 4 des Elektrofilters 1 ist ein vereinigter Anschluß der Dioden 14,16 geführt.The former 12 of an alternating voltage is designed as a rectifier bridge with diodes 13, 14, 15, 16, in whose diagonal branch there is a 1% thyristor switch. A combined connection of the diodes 13, 15 is connected to the first connection of the secondary winding 11 of the step-up transformer 10. A combined connection of the diodes 14, 16 is guided to the spray electrode 4 of the electrostatic filter 1.

Die Quelle weist einen Stromgeber 18 auf, als welcher ein Nebenschlußwiderstand verwendet wird, dessen Starkstromanschlüsse an den zweiten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung 11 des Aufwärtstransformators 10 und an eine gemeinsame Schiene 19 gelegt sind.The source has a current transmitter 18, as which a shunt resistor is used, the high-voltage connections of which are connected to the second connection of the secondary winding 11 of the step-up transformer 10 and to a common rail 19.

Die Niederschlagselektrode 3 des Elektrofilters 1 ist an die gemeinsame Schiene 19 geführt.The precipitation electrode 3 of the electrostatic filter 1 is guided to the common rail 19.

An die Meßklemmen des Stromgebers 18 ist der erste Eingang einer Steuereinheit 20 geschaltet, deren Ausgänge an die Steuereingänge der Thyristoren 7,e des Thyristorreglers 5 und an den Steuereingang des Thyristorschalters 17 gelegt sind, der als zweiter Eingang des Formers 12 einer alternierenden Spannung auftritt.The first input of a control unit 20 is connected to the measuring terminals of the current transmitter 18, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the thyristors 7, e of the thyristor controller 5 and to the control input of the thyristor switch 17, which occurs as the second input of the former 12 of an alternating voltage.

Die Steuereinheit 20 enthält eine Reihenschaltung aus einem Stromregler 21(G.M.-A.Aliev "Agregaty pitania elektrofiltrov" (Stromversorgungsgeräte für Elektrofilter), 1981, Verlag "Energoizdat", Moskau, S. 96 bis 97), einer Logikeinheit 22 und einem Former 23 breiter Spannungsimpulse ("Elektrotekhnika", Nr. 1,1985, B.I. Grinshtein e.a. "Tiristornyi istochnik znakoperemennogo napryazhenia. dlya pitania elektrofiltrov gazoochistki", Moskau, S. 22,23).The control unit 20 contains a series circuit comprising a current regulator 21 (GM-A.Aliev "Agregaty pitania elektrofiltrov" (power supply devices for electrostatic precipitators), 1981, publisher "Energoizdat", Moscow, pp. 96 to 97), a logic unit 22 and a former 23 broad voltage impulses ("Elektrotekhnika", No. 1.1985, BI Grinshtein ea "Tiristornyi istochnik znakoperemennogo napryazhenia. dlya pitania elektrofiltrov gazoochistki", Moscow, p. 22,23).

Der erste Eingang des Stromreglers 21 dient als erster Eingang der Steuereinheit 20 und ist an die Meßklemmen des Stromgebers 18 angeschlossen. Der zweite Eingang des Stromreglers 21 tritt als zweiter Eingang der Steuereinheit 20 auf. Der erste und der zweite Eingang der Logikeinheit 22 wirken als dritter bzw. vierter Eingang der Steuereinheit 20. Der erste und der zweite Ausgang des Formers 23 breiter Spannungsimpulse treten als erster bzw. zweiter Eingang * der Steuereinheit 20 auf und sind an die Steuereingänge der Thyristoren 7,8 des Thyristorreglers 5 und die Steuereigänge des Thyristorschalters 17 des Formers 12 einer alternierenden Spannung angeschlossen.The first input of the current regulator 21 serves as the first input of the control unit 20 and is connected to the measuring terminals of the current generator 18. The second input of the current regulator 21 occurs as the second input of the control unit 20. The first and the second input of the logic unit 22 act as third and fourth inputs of the control unit 20. The first and the second output of the shaper 23 of wide voltage pulses appear as the first and second inputs * of the control unit 20 and are at the control inputs of the thyristors 7,8 of the thyristor regulator 5 and the control inputs of the thyristor switch 17 of the former 12 are connected to an alternating voltage.

Zur Quelle gehört auch ein Spannungsgeber 24, der in Form eines zum Elektrofilter 1 parallelgeschalteten Spannungsteilers ausgeführt ist, dessen erster Anschluß an die Sprühelektrode 4 des Elektrofilters 1, zweiter Anschluß an die gemeinsame Schiene 19 und dessen Ausgang an den zweiten Eingang der Steuereinheit 20 gelegt sind. An den vereinigten Anschluß des Spannungsgebers 24 ist auch der Eingang einer Einheit 25 zur Trennung des Eingangssignals in Signale verschiedener Polarität angeschlossen.The source also includes a voltage transmitter 24, which is designed in the form of a voltage divider connected in parallel with the electrostatic filter 1, the first connection of which is connected to the spray electrode 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, the second connection to the common rail 19 and the output of which is connected to the second input of the control unit 20 . The input of a unit 25 for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity is also connected to the combined connection of the voltage transmitter 24.

Die Einheit 25 zur Trennung des Eingangssignals in Signale verschiedener Polarität enthält antiparallel geschaltete Dioden 26,27, deren Eingänge zusammengeschaltet und deren Ausgänge über Stabilisatordioden 28,29 mit einer gemeinsamen Schiene 30 einer (in Fig. nicht gezeigten) Speisequelle der Steuereinheit 20 verbunden sind. An die Ausgänge der Einheit 25 zur Trennung des Eingangsaignals in Signale verschiedener Polarität sind die Eingänge von Integratoren 31,32 geschaltet, deren jeder einen Operationsverstärker 33 enthält, in deren Rückkoplungskreisen Kondensatoren 34 liegen.The unit 25 for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity contains anti-parallel diodes 26, 27, the inputs of which are connected together and the outputs of which are connected via stabilizer diodes 28, 29 to a common rail 30 of a (not shown in FIG.) Supply source of the control unit 20. The inputs of integrators 31, 32, each of which contains an operational amplifier 33, in whose feedback circuits capacitors 34 are connected, are connected to the outputs of the unit 25 for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity.

Parallel zu jedem der Integratoren 31,32 liegen die Anschlüsse der Starkstromkontakte von Schaltelementen 35, 36, die in Form elektronischer Schalter ausgeführt sind.Parallel to each of the integrators 31, 32 are the connections of the power contacts of switching elements 35, 36, which are designed in the form of electronic switches.

Der Steuereingang des den Integrator 31 überbrückenden Schaltelements 35 ist mit dem Eingang des Integrators 32 verbunden.The control input of the switching element 35 bridging the integrator 31 is connected to the input of the integrator 32.

Der Steuereingang des den Integrator 32 überbrückenden Schaltelements 36 ist mit dem Eingang des Integrators 31 verbunden.The control input of the switching element 36 bridging the integrator 32 is connected to the input of the integrator 31.

Die Quelle enthält auch Schwellenelemente 37,38, deren Eingänge an die Ausgänge der Integratoren 31 bzw. 32 geschaltet und deren jeder in Form eines elektronischen Relais aufgebaut ist. Die Ausgänge der Sohwellenelemente 37,38 sind mit dem ersten bzw. zweiten Eingang der Logikeinheit 22 der Steuereinheit 20 verbunden. Die Ausgänge der Sohwellenelemente 37, 38 sind auch mit dem ersten bzw. zweiten Eingang eines ODER-Gliedes 39 verbunden. Der Ausgang des ODER-Gliedes 39 steht mit Eingang eines Ausführungselements 40 in Verbindung.The source also contains threshold elements 37, 38, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the integrators 31 and 32, and each of which is constructed in the form of an electronic relay. The outputs of the sound wave elements 37, 38 are connected to the first and second inputs of the logic unit 22 of the control unit 20. The outputs of the Sohwelle elements 37, 38 are also connected to the first and second inputs of an OR gate 39. The output of the OR gate 39 is connected to the input of an execution element 40.

Das Ausführungselement 40 ist in Form eines elektronischen Schalters aus einem Transistor 41 aufgebaut. Die Basis des Transistors 41 steht mit dem Ausgang des ODER-Gliedes 39 in Verbindung. Der Emitter des Transistors 41 ist mit der gemeinsamen Schiene 30 verbunden. Der Kollektor des Transistors 41 liegt im Stromkreis einer Elektromagnetspule 42, deren Kontakte 43 und 44 im Speisestromkreis des Mittels 2 zum Schütteln der Elektroden 3 und 4 des Elektrofilters 1 bzw. im Stromkreis eines Anzeigers 45 liegen.The execution element 40 is constructed in the form of an electronic switch from a transistor 41. The base of transistor 41 is connected to the output of OR gate 39. The emitter of transistor 41 is connected to the common rail 30. The collector of the transistor 41 is in the circuit of an electromagnetic coil 42, the contacts 43 and 44 of which are in the supply circuit of the means 2 for shaking the electrodes 3 and 4 of the electrostatic filter 1 and in the circuit of an indicator 45.

Die Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs--Elektrofilter arbeitet wie folgt.The alternating voltage source for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators works as follows.

Der Primärwicklung 9 (Fig. 1) des Aufwärtstransformators 10 wird über den Thyristorspannungsregier 5 eine Spannung Ul (Fig. 2a) vom Ausgang der Weohselspannungsquelle 6 (Fig. 1) zugeführt. Vom Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung 11 des Aufwärtstransformators 10 gelangt das Signal auf den Eingang des Formers 12 einer alternierenden Spannung, an dessen Ausgang eine Spannung U2 (Fig. 2b, 3a) erzeugt wird, deren Amplitude und Dauer bei jeder Polarität durch die Eigenschaften des sicn auf den Elektroden 3,4 (Fig. 1) des Elektrofilters 1 abscheidenden Staubes definiert werden. Vom Stromgeber 18 und dem Spannungsgeber 24 laufen die Informationen über die Vorgänge im Elektrofilter 1 am Eingang des Stromreglers 21 der Steuereinheit 20 ein, an deren Ausgang Spannungsimpulse U3 (Fig. 2a) erzeugt werden. Am Ausgang des Formers 23 (Fig. 1) breiter Spannungsimpulse der Steuereinheit 20 werden Spannungsimpulse U4 (Fig. 2c) gebildet, deren Folge durch einen Algorithmus von der Logikeinheit 22 der Steuereinheit 20 vorgegeben wird. Die Spannungsimpulse U4 treffen an den Steuereingängen des Thyristorspannungsreglers 5 (Fig. 1) und des Formers 12 einer alternierenden Spannung ein, wodurch der Wert des Steuerwinkels α (Fig. 2a) der Thyristorventile 7,8 (Fig. 1) des Thyristorspannungsreglers 5, des Thyristorschalters 17 des Formers 12 bestimmt wird. Indem die Phase der Einschaltung des Thyristorschalters 17 des Formers 12 gegenüber der Spannung am Aufwärtstransformator 10 geregelt wird, wird die Amplitude der Spannung jeder Polarität an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 geregelt.The primary winding 9 (FIG. 1) of the step-up transformer 10 is supplied with a voltage U 1 (FIG. 2a) from the output of the Weohsel voltage source 6 (FIG. 1) via the thyristor voltage regulator 5. From the connection of the secondary winding 11 of the step-up transformer 10, the signal reaches the input of the shaper 12 of an alternating voltage, at the output of which a voltage U 2 (FIG. 2b, 3a) is generated, the amplitude and duration of each polarity due to the properties of the sicn on the electrodes 3, 4 (FIG. 1) of the electrostatic precipitator 1. From the current transmitter 18 and the voltage transmitter 24, the information about the processes in the electrostatic filter 1 arrive at the input of the current controller 21 of the control unit 20, at the output of which voltage pulses U 3 (FIG. 2a) are generated. At the exit of the former 23 (Fig. 1) wide voltage pulses of the control unit 20, voltage pulses U 4 (Fig. 2c) are formed, the sequence of which is predetermined by an algorithm from the logic unit 22 of the control unit 20. The voltage pulses U 4 arrive at the control inputs of the thyristor voltage regulator 5 (FIG. 1) and the former 12 of an alternating voltage, as a result of which the value of the control angle α (FIG. 2a) of the thyristor valves 7,8 (FIG. 1) of the thyristor voltage regulator 5, the thyristor switch 17 of the former 12 is determined. By regulating the phase in which the thyristor switch 17 of the former 12 is switched on in relation to the voltage on the step-up transformer 10, the amplitude of the voltage of any polarity on the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1 is regulated.

Vom Spannungsgeber 24 wird dem Eingang der Einheit 25 zur Trennung des Eingangssignals in Signale verschiedener Polarität eine zur Spannung an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 proportionale Spannung zugeführt. Das Eingangssignal der Einheit 25 wird auf einen bestimmten Pegel U5,U6 (Fig. 3b,c) begrenzt und in zwei Kanäle über die Ventile 26,27 (Fig. 1) abgezweigt. Der Begrenzungspegel der Spannung U5,U6 (Fig. 3b,c) entspricht der mindestmöglichen Spannung an den Elektroden 3,4 (Fig. 1) des Elektrofilters 1 im Normalbetrieb. Die Spannung positiver und negativer Polarität U5,U6 (Fig. 3b,c) wird von den Ausgängen der Einheit 25 (Fig. 1) auf die Eingänge der Integratoren 31,32 und auf die Schaltelemente 35,36 gegeben. Am Ausgang der Integratoren 31,32 wird eine zeitlich linear ansteigende Spannung U7,U8 (Fig. 3e,f) erzeugt. Hierbei wird das zu dem das Vorhandensein einer Spannung negativer Polarität an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 überwachenden Integrator 32 parallel liegende Schaltelement 36 durch die vom ersten Ausgang der Einheit 25 (Fig. 1) kommende Spannung U5 positiver Polarität ausgelöst, wodurch sich der Kondensator 34 des Integrators 32 entlädt. Die vom zweiten Ausgang der Einheit 25 (Fig. 1) kommende Spannung U6 (Fig. 3c) negativer Polarität betätigt das zu dem das Vorhandensein einer Spannung positiver Polarität an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 überwachenden Integrator 31 parallel liegende Schaltelement 35, worauf sich der Kondensator 34 des Integrators 31 entlädt. Im Normalbetrieb der Quelle, wo an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 eine Spannung beider Polaritäten -- in der Zeitspanne von to bis tl (Fig. 2,3) - gebildet wird, werden die Kondensatoren 34 der Integratoren 31, 32 wechselweise entladen.A voltage proportional to the voltage at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1 is supplied from the voltage generator 24 to the input of the unit 25 for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity. The input signal of the unit 25 is limited to a certain level U 5 , U 6 (Fig. 3b, c) and branched into two channels via the valves 26,27 (Fig. 1). The limit level of the voltage U 5 , U 6 (FIG. 3b, c) corresponds to the minimum possible voltage at the electrodes 3, 4 (FIG. 1) of the electrostatic filter 1 in normal operation. The voltage of positive and negative polarity U 5 , U 6 (FIG. 3b, c) is given by the outputs of the unit 25 (FIG. 1) to the inputs of the integrators 31, 32 and to the switching elements 35, 36. At the output of the integrators 31, 32, a voltage U 7 , U 8 (FIG. 3e, f) that rises linearly in time is generated. Here, the switching element 36, which is parallel to the integrator 32 monitoring the presence of a voltage of negative polarity at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, is triggered by the voltage U 5 of positive polarity coming from the first output of the unit 25 (FIG. 1), as a result of which the capacitor 34 of the integrator 32 discharges. The voltage U 6 (FIG. 3 c) of negative polarity coming from the second output of the unit 25 (FIG. 1) actuates the switching element 35 which is parallel to the integrator 31 monitoring the presence of a voltage of positive polarity at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, whereupon the capacitor 34 of the integrator 31 discharges. In normal operation of the source, where a voltage of both polarities is formed on the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic precipitator 1 - in the time period from t o to t l (FIGS. 2, 3) - the capacitors 34 of the integrators 31, 32 alternately unloaded.

Die Zeitkonstanten der Integratoren 31,32 werden in der Weise gewählt, daß die Spannung an deren Ausgängen im Normalbetrieb bei einer maximalen Impulsdauer der Spannung beliebiger Polarität an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 die Schwellenspannung Up (Fig. 3d) nicht überschreitet, bei der die Schwellenelemente 37,38 (Fig. 1) ausgelöst werden.The time constants of the integrators 31, 32 are selected such that the voltage at their outputs in normal operation with a maximum pulse duration of the voltage of any polarity at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1 does not exceed the threshold voltage U p (FIG. 3d). in which the threshold elements 37, 38 (FIG. 1) are triggered.

Die Spannung von den Ausgängen der Integratoren 31,32 wird den Eingängen der Schwellenelemente 37,38 zugeführt, deren Ausgangssignale über das ODER-Glied 39 auf den Eingang des Ausführungselements 40 gegeben werden. Bei Vorliegen einer Spannung beider Polaritäten an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 sprechen die Schwellenelemente 37, 38 nicht an, die Signale bleiben aus, weshalb das Ausführungselement 40 nicht ausgelöst wird.The voltage from the outputs of the integrators 31, 32 is fed to the inputs of the threshold elements 37, 38, the output signals of which are given via the OR gate 39 to the input of the execution element 40. If there is a voltage of both polarities at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, the threshold elements 37, 38 do not respond, the signals fail to appear, which is why the execution element 40 is not triggered.

Seit dem Zeitpunkt t1 (Fig. 2,3) verschwindet die Spannung negativer Polarität an den Elektroden 3,4 (Fig. 1) des Elektrofilters 1, während die Spannung positiver Polarität programmgemäß erzeugt wird. Vom Zeitpunkt t1 bis zum Zeitpunkt t2 fällt die Spannung U2 (Fig. 2c,3a) positiver Polarität an den Elektroden 3,4 (Fig. 1) des Elektrofilters 1 nach dem Exponentialgesetz mit einer Zeitkonstanten ab, die der Zeitkonstanten der Entladung der Eigenkapazität des Elektrofilters 1 über den Spannungsteiler entspricht. Diese Spannung kann unter den Spannungswert absinken, bei dem eine Sprühentladung auf der Entladestrecke des Elektrofilters 1 beginnt, weshalb die Wirksamkeit der Staubabscheidung an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 sprunghaft abnimmt.Since the time t 1 (FIGS. 2, 3), the voltage of negative polarity at the electrodes 3, 4 (FIG. 1) of the electrostatic filter 1 has disappeared, while the voltage of positive polarity has been generated according to the program. From time t 1 to time t 2 , the voltage U 2 (FIGS. 2c, 3a) of positive polarity at the electrodes 3, 4 (FIG. 1) of the electrostatic filter 1 drops according to the exponential law with a time constant that is the time constant of the discharge corresponds to the capacitance of the electrostatic filter 1 via the voltage divider. This voltage can drop below the voltage value at which spray discharge begins on the discharge path of the electrostatic precipitator 1, which is why the effectiveness of dust separation on the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic precipitator 1 suddenly decreases.

Zum Zeitpunkt t1 (Fig. 2,3) erzeugt die Steuereinheit 20 (Fig. 1) keinen Impuls U4 (Fig. 2c) zur Formierung einer Spannung U2 (Fig. 3a) negativer Polarität durch den Former 12 (Fig. 1) einer alternierenden Spannung (die fehlenden Impulse der Spannung U4 (Fig. 2c), die vom Ausgang des Farmers 23 (Fig. 1) breiter Impulse der Steuereinheit 20 kommen, sind punktiert angedeutet).At time t 1 (FIG. 2, 3), the control unit 20 (FIG. 1) does not generate a pulse U 4 (FIG. 2 c) for forming a voltage U 2 (FIG. 3 a ) of negative polarity through the former 12 (FIG. 1 ) of an alternating voltage (the missing pulses of voltage U 4 (FIG. 2c) coming from the output of the farmer 23 (FIG. 1) of wide pulses from the control unit 20) dotted hinted).

Zum Zeitpunkt t2 erzeugt der Former 23 (Fig. 1) breiter Impulse der Steuereinheit 20 einen Impuls der Spannung U4 (Fig. 2c), der am Eingang des Formers 12 (Fig. 1) einer alternierenden Spannung zur Formierung einer Spannung positiver Polarität ankommt.At time t 2 , the former 23 (FIG. 1) of wide pulses from the control unit 20 generates a pulse of the voltage U 4 (FIG. 2c), which at the input of the former 12 (FIG. 1) has an alternating voltage to form a voltage of positive polarity arrives.

Zum Zeitpunkt t3 (Fig. 2,3) gelangt vom Ausgang des Schwellenelements 37 (Fig. 1) ein Signal U9 (Fig. 3f) auf den Eingang der Steuereinheit 20 (Fig. 1), um den Kanal für die Spannung negativer Polarität zu sperren. Im Normalbetrieb mußte zum Zeitpunkt t4 ein Signal U4 (Fig. 2c) am Ausgang der Steuereinheit 20 (Fig. 1) zur Formierung einer Spannung negativer Polarität durch den Former 12 erzeugt werden. Da der Kanal für die Spannung negativer Polarität in der Steuereinheit 20 durch ein vom Ausgang des Schwellenelements 37 eintreffendes und Informationen über einen Ausfall der Spannung negativer Polarität an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 tragendes Signal gesperrt ist, bleibt ein Signal am Ausgang des Formers 23 (Fig. 1) breiter Impulse der Steuereinheit 20 zum Zeitpunkt t4 (Fig. 2,3) aus, während zum Zeitpunkt t5 (Fig. 2,3) ein Signal U4 (Fig. 2c) positiver Polarität erzeugt wird. Im weiteren geht das Elektrofilter 1 (Fig. 1) zur unipolaren Betriebsart über.At time t 3 (FIG. 2, 3), a signal U 9 (FIG. 3 f) reaches the input of control unit 20 (FIG. 1) from the output of threshold element 37 (FIG. 1) to make the channel more negative for the voltage Lock polarity. In normal operation, a signal U 4 (FIG. 2c) had to be generated at the output of the control unit 20 (FIG. 1) at the time t 4 to form a voltage of negative polarity by the former 12. Since the channel for the negative polarity voltage in the control unit 20 is blocked by a signal arriving from the output of the threshold element 37 and carrying information about a failure of the negative polarity voltage at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, a signal remains at the output of the former 23 (FIG. 1) of wide pulses from the control unit 20 at time t 4 (FIG. 2, 3), while a signal U 4 (FIG. 2 c) of positive polarity is generated at time t 5 (FIG. 2, 3). Furthermore, the electrostatic filter 1 (FIG. 1) changes to the unipolar operating mode.

Liegt an den Elektroden 3,4 des Elektrofilters 1 keine Spannung positiver Polarität an, arbeitet die Quelle in ähnlicher Weise.If there is no voltage of positive polarity at the electrodes 3, 4 of the electrostatic filter 1, the source operates in a similar manner.

Die Verwendung der Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs-Elektrofilter gestattet εs, die Betriebszuverlässigkeit des Elektrofilters, den Gasreinigungsgrad beim Ausbleiben der Spannung einer der Polaritäten an den Elektroden des Elektrofilters zu erhöhen, eventuellen Notfällen bei Ausfall der Spannung einer der Polaritäten vorzubeugen, die durch ein gleichzeitiges Herabfallen großer Massen abgeschiedenen Staubes hervorgerufen werden können, die Verhärtungen in den Aufnahmebunkern eines Systems der Druckwasserentaschung herbeiführen.The use of the alternating voltage source for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators allows increasing the operational reliability of the electrostatic precipitator, the degree of gas purification in the absence of the voltage of one of the polarities on the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, and to prevent possible emergencies in the event of a voltage failure of one of the polarities caused by a simultaneous Falling large masses of separated dust can cause the hardening in the receiving bunkers of a system of pressurized water ash removal.

Industrielle AnwendbarkeitIndustrial applicability

Die vorliegende Erfindung findet in der Energetik in Wärmekraftwerken, in der Schwarzmetallurgie, Zementindustrie, Baustoffproduktion Verwendung.The present invention is used in energetics in thermal power plants, in black metallurgy, cement industry, building material production.

Claims (2)

1. Quelle alternierender Spannung für Gasreinigungs--Elektrofilter, die mit einem Mittel (2) zum Elektrodenschütteln versehen ist und einen Aufwärtstransformator (10), bei dem die Anschlüsse der Primärwicklung (9) über einen Thyristorspannungsregler (5) an eine Wechselspannungsquelle (6) gelegt sind, einen Former (12) einer alternierenden Spannung, dessen erster Eingang an den ersten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung (11) des Aufwärtstransformators (10) und dessen Ausgang an eine Sprühelektrode (4) des Elektrofilters (1) geführt ist, einen Stromgeber (18), dessen Eingang an den zweiten Anschluß der Sekundärwicklung (11) des Aufwärtstransformators (10) gelegt und dessen Ausgang mit einer Niederschlagselektrodevdes Elektrofilters (1) elektrisch verbunden ist, eine Steuereinheit (20), deren einer Eingang an den Ausgang des Stromgebers (18) und deren Ausgänge an die Steuereingänge des Thyristorspannungsreglers (5) und an den zweiten Eingang des Formers (12) einer alternierenden Span-und nung geschaltet sind,veinen Spannungsgeber (24) enthält, der in Form eines Spannungsteilers ausgeführt ist, dessen erster Anschluß an die Sprühelektrode (4) des Elektrofilters (1) geführt, dessen zweiter Anschluß mit der Niedersohlagselektrode (3) des Elektrofilters (1) elektrisch verbunden und dessen Ausgang an den zweiten Eingang der Steuereinheit (20) geschaltet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zusätzlich eine Einheit (25) zur Trennung des Eingangssignals in Signale verschiedener Polarität, deren Eingang an den Ausgang des Spannungsteilers des Spannungsgebers (24) angeschlossen ist, Integratoren (31,32), deren Eingänge an die jeweiligen Ausgänge der Einheit (25) zur Trennung des Eingangs- signals in Signale verschiedener Polarität angeschlossen sind, Schaltelemente (35, 36), bei denen allen die Anschlüsse von Starkstromkontaktenzu jedem der Integratoren (31, 32) parallelgeschaltet sind, wobei der Steuerkontakt jedes an einen Integrator (31, 32) angeschlossenen Schaltelements (35 bzw. 36) mit dem Eingang des anderen Integrators (32) verbunden ist, sowie Schwellenelemente (37, 38), deren Eingänge an die Ausgänge der Integratoren (31 bzw. 32) und deren Ausgänge an den dritten und vierten Eingang der Steuereinheit (20) geführt sind, ein ODER-Glied (39), dessen Eingänge an die Ausgänge der Schwellenelemente (37,38) geschaltet sind, und ein Ausführungselement (40) aufweist, dessen Eingang an den Ausgang des ODER-Gliedes (39) gelegt und dessen Ausgang mit dem Mittel (2) zum Schütteln der Elektroden des Elektrofilters verbunden ist.1. Source of alternating voltage for gas cleaning electrostatic precipitators, which is provided with a means (2) for shaking the electrodes and a step-up transformer (10), in which the connections of the primary winding (9) via a thyristor voltage regulator (5) to an AC voltage source (6) a former (12) of an alternating voltage, the first input of which is connected to the first connection of the secondary winding (11) of the step-up transformer (10) and the output of which is connected to a spray electrode (4) of the electrostatic filter (1), a current transmitter (18 ), the input of which is connected to the second connection of the secondary winding (11) of the step-up transformer (10) and the output of which is electrically connected to a precipitation electrode of the electrostatic filter ( 1 ), a control unit (20), the input of which is connected to the output of the current generator (18) and their outputs to the control inputs of the thyristor voltage regulator (5) and to the second input of the former (12) alternately en voltage and voltage are switched, contains a voltage transmitter (24), which is designed in the form of a voltage divider, the first connection of which is connected to the spray electrode (4) of the electrostatic filter (1), the second connection of which is connected to the low-level electrode (3) of the electrostatic filter (1) electrically connected and its output connected to the second input of the control unit (20), characterized in that it additionally has a unit (25) for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage divider of the voltage generator ( 24) is connected, integrators (31, 32), the inputs of which are connected to the respective outputs of the unit (25) for separating the input signal into signals of different polarity, switching elements (35, 36), in which all of them connect the power contacts each of the integrators (31, 32) are connected in parallel, the control contact each being connected to an integrator (31, 32) Open switching element (35 or 36) is connected to the input of the other integrator (32), as well as threshold elements (37, 38) whose inputs connect to the outputs of the integrators (31 or 32) and whose outputs the third and fourth inputs of the control unit (20) are guided, an OR gate (39), the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the threshold elements (37, 38), and an execution element (40), the input of which is connected to the output of the OR gate (39) and its output is connected to the means (2) for shaking the electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator. 2. Quelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zusätzlich einen an den Ausgang des Ausführungselements (40) angeschlossenen Anzeiger (45) enthält.2. Source according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains an indicator (45) connected to the output of the execution element (40).
EP19880907451 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Source of alternating voltage for gas-cleaning electrofilters Withdrawn EP0369016A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/SU1988/000094 WO1989010198A1 (en) 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Source of alternating voltage for gas-cleaning electrofilters

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JP (1) JPH03500503A (en)
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CN111448760B (en) * 2017-12-19 2023-07-14 新电元工业株式会社 Semiconductor module

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WO1989010198A1 (en) 1989-11-02
EP0369016A4 (en) 1990-09-26
FI896185A0 (en) 1989-12-21
JPH03500503A (en) 1991-02-07

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