EP0368905A1 - Laminated tape and use thereof - Google Patents
Laminated tape and use thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP0368905A1 EP0368905A1 EP88906537A EP88906537A EP0368905A1 EP 0368905 A1 EP0368905 A1 EP 0368905A1 EP 88906537 A EP88906537 A EP 88906537A EP 88906537 A EP88906537 A EP 88906537A EP 0368905 A1 EP0368905 A1 EP 0368905A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laminated tape
- tape structure
- film
- pvf
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012939 laminating adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/29—Laminated material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
- D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
- D07B7/14—Machine details; Auxiliary devices for coating or wrapping ropes, cables, or component strands thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/16—Suspension cables; Cable clamps for suspension cables ; Pre- or post-stressed cables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/41—Opaque
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/12—Polyvinylhalogenides containing fluorine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/302—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bundling cables
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/10—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet
- C09J2301/16—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the structure of the carrier layer
- C09J2301/162—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the structure of the carrier layer the carrier being a laminate constituted by plastic layers only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to film and tape structures made therefrom and the use thereof to protect structures exposed to the elements for extended time periods, and more particularly to laminated PVF tape structures.
- a simpler alternative has been to utilize a tape in an attempt to provide a decorative wrapping of the cable stay housing.
- the tape has an apparent advantage in that it is not messy, and colored tapes can be utilized to provide the desired decorative effects.
- PVC polyvinylchloride
- PVC tapes which have been used, appear to have a limited life span, e.g., no more than three to seven years in the lab and in field tests. PVC tapes deteriorate upon exposure to the elements, e.g., temperature cycling and to ultraviolet radiation, which, of course, would occur when such tape is utilized for protection of structural stays and their housings.
- the necessity to rewrap stay housings every five to ten years is not a satisfactory solution of the problem, since there continues to exist relatively high maintenance costs, even though the appearance for a portion of this limited life span may be satisf ctory.
- PVF film While a colored opaque PVF film does exist and might provide suitable ultraviolet resistance and color fastness, such film still would be subject to scratching and discoloration. Furthermore, the longer lived PVF films are difficult to apply, often wrinkle during application, and produce air bubbles during the wrapping operation. This results in difficult, imperfect wrapping, excess overlap for assured protection, with resulting increases in cost. This is particularly true in view of the fact that the PVF material is substantially more expensive than other alternative materials.
- a laminated tape structure adapted and suitable for winding around cable stay housings, which, because it has satisfactory winding characteristics, is strong, cost effective, and exceptionally long-lived.
- the material is available in a variety of colors.
- a laminar structure composed of an underlayer comprised of an opaque PVF film of desired color, laminated to a clear, transparent PVF overlayer by suitable laminating adhesive.
- the bottom surface of the PVF underlayer is coated with a suitable all-weather, pressure-sensitive adhesive, typically having a suitable release liner.
- a laminated tape, in accordance with the present invention has good confor ability, is capable of smooth application without stretching or wrinkling, and can be used on suitable semi-automatic wrapping equipment.
- Use of a laminated tape incorporating the present invention permits a wide choice of colors without sacrificing color stability, in spite of long-term ultraviolet exposure.
- Tensile strength of the laminated structure incorporating the present invention is greater than existing single or dual constructions, and allows for less overlap during the wrapping to produce greater yield and a lower cost per square foot of cable surface.
- the laminated tape structure incorporating the present invention provides better thermal protection, which results in less thermal expansion and deterioration and aging of the cable stays and longer cable life.
- the one figure of the drawing illustrates a laminated tape structure incorporating the present invention applied to a tubular structure such as a cable stay housing.
- Laminated film, in accordance with the present invention, formed into tape is particularly adaptable to be applied to structural cable stay housings which are permanently and continuously exposed to the elements and to ultraviolet rays from the sun, and in which a long life span is particularly desirable and necessary in order to minimize costs.
- a laminated tape structure 10 incorporating the present invention comprises a laminate of a clear, transparent PVF film 12, typically having a thickness of about 1 - 1-1/2 mil., laminated to an opaque, colored PVF film 14, typically having a thickness of about 1 - 2 mil., utilizing a laminate adhesive 16, typically having a thickness of between about 1/4 and 1 mil. to produce a composite laminated structure having an overall thickness of from 3 to 4-1/2 mil.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive 18, typically having a thickness of about 1 to 1-1/2 mil. can be applied to the exposed surface of the colored film to adhere the resultant laminated tape to the surface of a tubular cable -stay housing 20.
- Such a laminated tape structure provides desired long-life and resistance to deterioration upon exposure to the elements and ultraviolet radiation, and exhibits other characteristics desirable for use in such applications. Limited strength tests provide the following results:
- the PVF tape laminate reduced the external temperature by 35% and the inside surface temperature by 30%, compared to an unprotected pipe.
- Such a structure provided a 23% reduction in external temperature and a 28% reduction in internal temperature when compared with a pipe wrapped with a non-laminated white PVF tape.
- the use of the laminated structure incorporating the present invention provides increased thermal protection and reduces the agnitude of temperature cycles of the cable within the polyethylene tubular housing, thus increasing the life span not only of the tube itself, but of the shielded cable contained therein.
- Use of the laminated structure also permits the use of a higher tape caliper and a resulting stiffer tape.
- a 2 mil. white PVF tape is not stiff enough to be wrapped smoothly around the tubular housing, and exhibits a tendency to wrinkle and bubble. This requires additional overlap to ensure proper coverage.
- the laminated structure incorporating the present invention can increase the tape caliper, as indicated above, to about 3 - 4 mils., thereby increasing stiffness by a factor of 2 to 3, producing a tape capable of being wrapped in a much smoother fashion, with semi-automatic machine wrapping, such as on a modified Midwestern Tapester Model 212. This allows for a lower percentage overlap, increased tape utilization, lower costs, and higher efficiencies.
- the adhesion of the T ⁇ DLAR brand films to the polyethylene pipe is sufficiently good to permit the reduction in tape overlap and improved efficiencies.
- the use of a laminated structure having a clear tape laminated to an opaque, colored tape in which the clear tape material has good resistance to abrasive environmental pollutants maintains color integrity and extends satisfactory appearance of the wrapped stays.
- laminated structures have been constructed utilizing Du Pont' s TEDLAR brand PVF film, laminated by use of a synthetic acrylic or polyester catalyzed laminating adhesive.
- a suitable synthetic pressure-sensitive adhesive can be applied to the exposed surface of the colored PVF film.
- a laminated structure comprised of two layers of PVF film, one a transparent, clear film, and the other an opaque, colored film, laminated together to exhibit improved tensile, tear, stiffness properties compared to existing structures in which the stiffer laminated structure produces smoother wrapping tape without significant additional cost, and which results in extended life span of the protective tape when applied to the polyethylene cable stay housings constantly exposed to the atmosphere, to pollutants, and to ultraviolet radiation, which provides improved thermal protection for the black polyethylene tube and the cable stay protected thereby, and which is projected as having exceptional long life requiring reduced maintenance with resulting lower costs.
- An example of one such laminated structure comprises a 1 mil. UV clear PVF film, sold by Du Pont under the registered trademark TEDLAR, a 1/4 - 1/2 mil. synthetic clear laminating adhesive, 1-1/2 - 2 mil., Du Pont colored TEDLAR brand PVF film, 1 - 1-1/2 mil. synthetic PS adhesive, and Kraft silicone release liner.
- the overall tape caliper was about 3-3/4 mil. The tape was cut into widths of about 4 inches.
- the DuPont TEDLAR brand PVF film is described in Technical Bulletins of the Du Pont Company, Finishes & Fabricated Products Department, Nos. TD-1A (Rev. 6/86), TD-2 (Rev. 8/84) , TD-3 (Rev. 6/86), TD-4 (Rev. 1/85), TD-5 (Rev. 1/15), and TD-6 (Rev. 8/83) .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Une structure de ruban stratifié (10), qui est destinée à entourer et à protéger des haubans de structures en plein air, y compris des superstructures, généralement enfermés dans des logements protecteurs tubulaires, comprend un premier film en polyfluorure de vinyle opaque (14) disposé en strates sur un second film en polyfluorure de vinyle sensiblement transparent (12), la structure du ruban stratifié comportant un adhésif auto-collant (18) placé sur la surface exposée du film opaque et enroulé autour du logement auquel il adhère.A laminated tape structure (10), which is intended to surround and protect the stays of open-air structures, including superstructures, generally enclosed in protective tubular housings, includes a first film of opaque polyvinyl fluoride (14) arranged in layers on a second substantially transparent polyvinyl fluoride film (12), the structure of the laminated tape comprising a self-adhesive adhesive (18) placed on the exposed surface of the opaque film and wrapped around the housing to which it adheres.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US7279387A | 1987-07-13 | 1987-07-13 | |
US72793 | 1987-07-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0368905A1 true EP0368905A1 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
EP0368905A4 EP0368905A4 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
Family
ID=22109790
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880906537 Withdrawn EP0368905A4 (en) | 1987-07-13 | 1988-07-12 | Laminated tape and use thereof |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0368905A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH02504245A (en) |
KR (1) | KR890701257A (en) |
AU (1) | AU615938B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8807614A (en) |
DK (1) | DK118889A (en) |
FI (1) | FI900207A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989000499A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK0722015T3 (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1999-05-03 | D S Brown Company Inc | Winding for cables in suspension bridges and method of application |
FR2731943B1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1997-07-18 | Atochem Elf Sa | COMPLEX MATERIAL WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES CONSISTING OF VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE AND A NON-COMPATIBLE THERMOPLASTIC |
WO2005077163A1 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-08-25 | Ronwon Pty Ltd | Fishing lure |
CN107460825A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-12 | 柳州欧维姆机械股份有限公司 | A kind of method of PVF films cladding drag-line cable body |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0047991A2 (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-03-24 | The B.F. GOODRICH Company | Ultraviolet light resistant composition of transparent and translucent vinyl polymers |
US4652528A (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1987-03-24 | Halogen Insulator & Seal Corp. | Information carrier and method of use |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3369959A (en) * | 1963-10-25 | 1968-02-20 | Du Pont | Laminate of polyvinyl fluoride |
US3313676A (en) * | 1964-01-23 | 1967-04-11 | Formica Corp | Outdoor decorative laminate |
US3397108A (en) * | 1965-02-17 | 1968-08-13 | Du Pont | Deglossed polyvinyl fluoride film structures |
-
1988
- 1988-07-12 AU AU21237/88A patent/AU615938B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-07-12 BR BR888807614A patent/BR8807614A/en unknown
- 1988-07-12 JP JP88506288A patent/JPH02504245A/en active Pending
- 1988-07-12 EP EP19880906537 patent/EP0368905A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-07-12 WO PCT/US1988/002340 patent/WO1989000499A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1989
- 1989-03-10 DK DK118889A patent/DK118889A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-03-11 KR KR1019890700449A patent/KR890701257A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1990
- 1990-01-12 FI FI900207A patent/FI900207A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0047991A2 (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-03-24 | The B.F. GOODRICH Company | Ultraviolet light resistant composition of transparent and translucent vinyl polymers |
US4652528A (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1987-03-24 | Halogen Insulator & Seal Corp. | Information carrier and method of use |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO8900499A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1989000499A1 (en) | 1989-01-26 |
KR890701257A (en) | 1989-12-19 |
BR8807614A (en) | 1990-05-29 |
DK118889D0 (en) | 1989-03-10 |
DK118889A (en) | 1989-03-10 |
FI900207A0 (en) | 1990-01-12 |
AU615938B2 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
AU2123788A (en) | 1989-02-13 |
JPH02504245A (en) | 1990-12-06 |
EP0368905A4 (en) | 1991-03-13 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900109 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
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A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19920904 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19930115 |