EP0364670A2 - Grenade - Google Patents

Grenade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0364670A2
EP0364670A2 EP19890112341 EP89112341A EP0364670A2 EP 0364670 A2 EP0364670 A2 EP 0364670A2 EP 19890112341 EP19890112341 EP 19890112341 EP 89112341 A EP89112341 A EP 89112341A EP 0364670 A2 EP0364670 A2 EP 0364670A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detonator
carrier
projectile
grenade
projectile according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19890112341
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0364670A3 (en
EP0364670B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Günther
Jürgen Funk
Siegfried Quick
Hans Orth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Industrie AG
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Industrie AG
Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall Industrie AG, Rheinmetall GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall Industrie AG
Publication of EP0364670A2 publication Critical patent/EP0364670A2/en
Publication of EP0364670A3 publication Critical patent/EP0364670A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0364670B1 publication Critical patent/EP0364670B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F42C15/26—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means using centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/18—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition when the spin rate falls below a predetermined limit, e.g. a spring force being stronger than the locking action of a centrifugally-operated lock

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a full-caliber grenade projectile with an explosive charge and impact detonator for firing from portable weapons with a drawn tube, which has a hollow charge insert acting forward and a radially outwardly splintering, possibly pre-fragmented projectile housing.
  • An explosive projectile (bomblet) with shaped charge insert and splitter housing is e.g. B. from DE-AS 19 07 315 known, in which the ignition device is arranged telescopically in a complicated design in front of the shaped charge insert and must be penetrated by the shaped charge beam. Since the detonation waves first form the shaped charge jet before they reach the front hood and blast off, the formation and effect of the shaped charge jet are very considerably impaired; in addition, the bullet is immediately in focus after being ejected from a carrier bullet without a special safety device after a front impact ignition finger has been pushed out.
  • a grenade projectile with explosive charge and impact detonator for firing from portable weapons with a drawn tube which has an all-round splintering action, but no forward-directed shaped charge jet action.
  • the grenade projectile has a large-volume impact detonator which is arranged centrally in the projectile body and which only comprises a pyrotechnic front pipe protection. No other independent security devices are provided.
  • the invention is particularly tailored to and intended for a grenade projectile to be fired in single shot from a portable weapon with a drawn barrel in a single shot.
  • FIG. 1 with the reference number 10 an inventive grenade projectile z. B. in 40 mm caliber, which is attached to the rear in a cartridge case 12 made of plastic.
  • the grenade 10 is constructed in three parts and has a specially designed stand-off hood 44 z. B. made of aluminum, in the central region a cylindrical floor wall 16 z. B. from pre-fragmented rolled steel sheet and on the back a cup-shaped projectile housing 18 z. B. also made of aluminum or steel, which includes the ignition and safety device according to the invention.
  • a driver 20 is provided centrally in the bottom of the cartridge case 12.
  • the driver 20 has an outer circumferential annular groove 22 approximately in its central region, into which a radial inwardly projecting bead 24 or annular projection of the cartridge case 12 made of plastic for simple mutual but non-detachable fixing of the parts is snapped in as a snap connection.
  • FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c The internal structure of the driver 20 can be seen from FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c.
  • An ignition pill 26 is provided on the rear side, the propellant charge 28 is contained in a central recess, towards the front, toward the interior of the cartridge case 12 a perforated disk 32 provided with bores as gas passages 30 is inserted and fixed.
  • the gas passages 30, preferably six in number, are directed obliquely forwards and outwards for better and more uniform introduction of the propellant charge gases into a gas pressure space 34 provided in the cartridge case 12. As a result, a uniform build-up of pressure can develop and the grenade projectile 10 achieves a greater flight distance or range.
  • the connection between the grenade projectile 10 and the cartridge case 12 is realized in that the projectile housing 16, 18 has an outer circumferential annular groove 36 approximately in its central region, into which a radially inwardly projecting bead 38 of the cartridge case made of plastic is arranged on the cartridge case 12 at the front 12 is latched in the manner of a snap connection for mutual non-detachable fixation.
  • FIG. 2 shows the front projectile part as an active part with a pre-fragmented projectile housing 16, explosive charge 40, shaped charge insert 42 and front hood 44.
  • the Hollow charge insert 42 has a special shape; it is advantageously designed in the shape of a trumpet, ie in the region of the central cone tip 46 the opening angle of the conical shaped charge insert 42 is relatively small, and from the outset the opening angle is then continuously increased.
  • the hood 44 also has a special stepped shape at least on the inside. As a result, deformation of the hood 44 can only occur in the front spherical cap-shaped part, so that the dimensionally stable rear, essentially cylindrical part of the hood 44 always gives the minimum ignition interval 48 for optimal steel formation of the insert 42.
  • the ignition and safety device according to the invention which is described and explained in detail with reference to the following figures, is accommodated in the rear floor housing 18.
  • the supporting element of the ignition and securing device is formed by an intermediate housing 50 (igniter housing) arranged inside the rear floor housing 18.
  • the intermediate housing 50 is fixed in the projectile housing 18 by means of a circuit board 52 and a spacer 54.
  • a central bore is provided in the circuit board 52 and the spacer 54, in which a booster or transfer charge 56 is arranged for the ignition connection between the detonator charge (squib) and the projectile explosive charge 40.
  • a detonator carrier 60 which can be pivoted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile, is arranged in a front recess 58.
  • the detonator carrier 60 has a bore 62 in which the tip 64 of the firing needle 66 is embedded in the securing position. Furthermore, the detonator carrier has a pitch circle segment gear 68 as part of a mechanical inhibitor mechanism, and an unbalanced mass part 70 made of heavy metal, for example, for reducing the size or increasing the centrifugal force. B. lead, tungsten or corresponding material.
  • a spring-loaded locking element 72 in the form of a cylinder with a tip is provided as a twist-dependent securing element, which engages behind a projection 74 of the detonator carrier and blocks it, the blocking function of which can be canceled by centrifugal force by moving it outward against the spring force.
  • the locking member 72 or the cylinder is slidably mounted in a sleeve 76 attached to the intermediate housing 50 with a compression spring 78.
  • the intermediate housing 50 also has a recess 80 on the rear (FIGS. 5 and 6), in which an ignition needle carrier 82 is embedded in an axially displaceable manner.
  • the ignition needle carrier 82 likewise has an acceleration and swirl-dependent locking element in the form of a plurality of, preferably eight, balls 84 that act sequentially in time.
  • the retaining balls 84 are evenly distributed in radial blind holes 86 in the circumference of the ignition needle carrier 82. In the starting position (safety position), the balls 84 are held in their respective bores 86 by the lower cylindrical collar of the intermediate housing 50.
  • a concentric annular groove 88 is provided from the rear circular surface of the ignition needle carrier 82 and opens into the radial bores 86.
  • the annular groove 88 is exactly opposite an annular projection 19 is arranged on the inner bottom of the rear floor housing 18, the axial displacement of the
  • the firing pin holder is designed to engage in the annular groove 88 and thereby represents a deflection point for the balls 84 as a compulsory guiding measure for preventing the balls from bouncing or jumping back. This positive control of the retaining balls 84 ensures a high level of functional reliability.
  • the ignition needle carrier 82 has a central bore 92 into which a cylindrical sleeve projection 94 fixed to the housing engages and thus serves as a guide element for the axial displacement of the ignition needle carrier 82.
  • the spring-supported ignition needle 66 is embedded centrally within the bore 92 or within the sleeve projection 94.
  • the firing needle 66 is arranged axially displaceably within a firing needle sleeve 98 against the force of a firing needle spring 96.
  • the ignition needle sleeve 98 is fastened on the front side in the ignition needle carrier 82. This special, separate mounting of the firing needle ensures high ignition sensitivity.
  • FIG. 4 shows the eccentric arrangement of the pivotable detonator carrier 60 in the starting position, which is mounted on the plate 52 about a pivot pin 102.
  • the bore 62 for receiving and securing the firing needle tip 64 is located exactly at the location of the longitudinal axis of the projectile.
  • the unbalanced mass part 70 made of heavy metal is fastened or tapped on one side of the detonator carrier 60.
  • the two recoil bolts 104 and 106 are arranged. These engage with their upper bolt heads in correspondingly provided bores 108, 110 in the board 52 and lock the detonator carrier 60 in the starting position as an acceleration-dependent securing element.
  • bolt 104 When the launch is accelerated, bolt 104 is first pressed downward against the spring force acting on it (see FIG. 4a). Thereafter, a locking ball 112 can move laterally in the direction of the bolt 104 and releases its locking function with respect to the second bolt 110, so that this bolt can also move downward and the detonator carrier is locked against the board 52.
  • the blocking member 72 acting as a swirl-dependent securing element also gives up its blocking function and, due to its center of gravity arrangement in the area of the unbalanced mass part 70, the detonator carrier 60 tries to pivot around the bolt 102 with the detonator charge 116 arranged opposite the unbalanced mass part such that detonator charge 116 reaches the central position of the longitudinal axis of the projectile in line with firing needle 66.
  • the pivoting movement is delayed by a mechanical safety device.
  • the inhibitor mechanism consists of a partial circle segment gearwheel 68 connected to the detonator carrier 60, a gearwheel 118 which engages with it and is fastened to the intermediate housing 50, and an armature or double lever 120 which is also fastened to the intermediate housing 50 and engages with the gearwheel 118.
  • the safety device protects the pipe and down pipe safety of the shell.
  • the detonator carrier 60 In the starting position, the detonator carrier 60 is supported on a stop bolt 122 fastened in the circuit board 52, in the arming position after pivoting and positioning the detonator charge 116 under the ignition needle tip 64, the detonator carrier 60 is also supported again with another point of its rear wall on the stop bolt 122 and is in this position z. B. securely fixed by snapping a spring plate behind a projection of the detonator.
  • Figure 5 shows the focus after firing from a 40 mm grenade gun.
  • the firing pin carrier 82 Due to the launch acceleration, the firing pin carrier 82 is displaced towards the floor of the floor against the force of the compression spring 100; Due to the centrifugal force effect which begins at the same time, the balls 84 move out of the bores 86 and hold the firing pin holder in the armed position against an inclined surface 51 on the rear edge of the intermediate housing 50.
  • the balls 84 are forcibly guided outwards over the edge of the engaging ring projection 90 and prevented from bouncing or jumping back, because this focusing process must have taken place until the pipe mouth is reached, otherwise the spring 100 presses the ignition needle carrier 82 forward again and the igniter remains out of focus.
  • the detonator carrier After releasing the securing elements (recoil pin system) 104, 106, 112 and locking member 72, the detonator carrier is pivoted and the detonator charge 116 is in the ignition line with the ignition needle 66, the transfer charge 56 and the explosive charge 40.
  • FIG. 16 shows the usual case of ignition in the event of a hard target impact.
  • the self-dismantling device of the shell grenade comes into effect. Due to the swirl reduction occurring and the loss of the centrifugal force effect, the ignition needle carrier 82 together with the ignition needle 66 is thrown forward by the force of the strong compression spring 100 and the ignition needle tip 64 triggers the ignition of the detonator charge 116. This takes place according to FIG. 7 after the retaining balls 84 have been pressed radially inward into their starting positions by the spring force on the oblique rear edge 51 of the intermediate housing 50 and the ignition needle carrier 82 can snap forward from its rear focus position.
  • the floor igniter with two separate, independent safety elements and self-dismantling device is designed to save space and ensures complete functional effectiveness even at relatively low speeds.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
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Abstract

A grenade projectile has a projectile housing having a fragmentation length portion; an explosive charge accommodated in the projectile housing and being surrounded by the fragmentation length portion; a forwardly acting shaped charge liner bounding the explosive charge at a front end thereof, as viewed in the flight direction of the projectile; and a percussion fuse assembly accommodated in the projectile housing behind the explosive charge as viewed in the flight direction. The percussion fuse assembly includes a percussion member, a flight acceleration-responsive first safety arrangement and a centrifugal force-responsive second safety arrangement for arming the percussion member when the projectile reaches a predetermined acceleration and a predetermined spin.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein vollkalibriges Granatengeschoß mit Sprengladung und Aufschlagzünder zum Verschießen aus tragbaren Waffen mit gezogenem Rohr, das eine nach vorne wirkende Hohlladungseinlage und ein radial nach außen splitterbildendes, ggf. vorfragmentiertes Geschoßgehäu­se aufweist.The invention relates to a full-caliber grenade projectile with an explosive charge and impact detonator for firing from portable weapons with a drawn tube, which has a hollow charge insert acting forward and a radially outwardly splintering, possibly pre-fragmented projectile housing.

Ein Sprenggeschoß (Bomblet) mit Hohlladungseinlage und Splittergehäuse ist z. B. aus der DE-AS 19 07 315 be­kannt, bei dem die Zündeinrichtung jedoch in komplizier­ter Ausbildung teleskopierbar vor der Hohlladungseinlage angeordnet ist und vom Hohlladungsstrahl durchschlagen werden muß.
Da die Detonationswellen zuerst den Hohlladungsstrahl ausbilden, bevor diese die vordere Haube erreichen und absprengen, wird die Ausbildung und Wirkung des Hohlla­dungsstrahles ganz erheblich beeinträchtigt; zudem ist das Geschoß nach Ausstoß aus einem Trägergeschoß ohne besondere Sicherheitseinrichtung nach Ausschub eines vorderen Aufschlag-Zündfingers sofort scharf eingestellt.An explosive projectile (bomblet) with shaped charge insert and splitter housing is e.g. B. from DE-AS 19 07 315 known, in which the ignition device is arranged telescopically in a complicated design in front of the shaped charge insert and must be penetrated by the shaped charge beam.
Since the detonation waves first form the shaped charge jet before they reach the front hood and blast off, the formation and effect of the shaped charge jet are very considerably impaired; in addition, the bullet is immediately in focus after being ejected from a carrier bullet without a special safety device after a front impact ignition finger has been pushed out.

Aus der DE-OS 33 26 683 bzw. DE-OS 34 41 556 ist jeweils ein Granatengeschoß mit Sprengladung und Aufschlagzünder zum Verschießen aus tragbaren Waffen mit gezogenem Rohr bekannt, das eine allseitige Splitterwirkung, jedoch keine nach vorne gerichtete Hohlladungsstrahlwirkung aufweist. Das Granatengeschoß weist einen zentral im Geschoßkörper angeordneten großvolumigen Aufschlagzün­der auf, der lediglich eine pyrotechnische Vorrohrsiche­rung umfaßt. Weitere voneinander unabhängige Sicherungs­einrichtungen sind nicht vorgesehen.From DE-OS 33 26 683 and DE-OS 34 41 556 a grenade projectile with explosive charge and impact detonator for firing from portable weapons with a drawn tube is known, which has an all-round splintering action, but no forward-directed shaped charge jet action. The grenade projectile has a large-volume impact detonator which is arranged centrally in the projectile body and which only comprises a pyrotechnic front pipe protection. No other independent security devices are provided.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein verbesser­tes Granatengeschoß anzugeben, bei dem die zuvor beschrie­benen Nachteile beseitigt sind, die Reichweite und die zielwirksame Leistung verbessert sind und zusätzliche, nur geringen Platz beanspruchende Sicherheitsvorkehrungen vorgesehen sind, die schon bei relativ niedrigen Dreh­zahlen (etwa ab 3000 U/min.) die Funktionswirksamkeit gewährleisten.It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved grenade projectile in which the disadvantages described above are eliminated, the range and the effective performance are improved and additional safety measures which only take up a small amount of space are provided, which already take place at relatively low speeds (approximately from 3000 U / min.) Guarantee the functional effectiveness.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit der durch die Merk­male des Patentanspruches 1 angegebenen technischen Lehre gelöst. Die in den weiteren Ansprüchen enthaltenen Merk­male geben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Erfindung an.This object is achieved with the technical teaching indicated by the features of claim 1. The features contained in the further claims indicate advantageous design options of the invention.

Die Erfindung ist insbesondere zugeschnitten auf und vor­gesehen für ein aus einer tragbaren Waffe mit gezogenem Rohr im Einzelschuß zu verschießendes Granatengeschoß im Kaliber 40 mm.The invention is particularly tailored to and intended for a grenade projectile to be fired in single shot from a portable weapon with a drawn barrel in a single shot.

Es zeigen:

  • Figure 1 ein 40 mm-Granatengeschoß gemäß der Erfin­dung in Seitenansicht mit längsgeschnittener Patronenhülse.
  • Figur 1a einen erfindungsgemäßen Treiber aus der Pa­tronenhülse im Längsschnitt gemäß Figur 1,
  • Figur 1b eine erfindungsgemäße Lochscheibe als vorde­re Abdeckscheibe des Treibers im Längsschnitt,
  • Figur 1c die Lochscheibe in Draufsicht,
  • Figur 2 das 40 mm-Granatengeschoß mit oberem Wirkteil und unterer Zünd- und Sicherheitseinrichtung in demontiertem Zustand im Längsschnitt,
  • Figur 3 eine vergrößerte Darstellung der erfindungs­gemäßen Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung im Längsschnitt,
  • Figur 4 eine Draufsicht von oben auf die Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung gemäß Figur 3 (ohne Platine und Distanzscheibe),
  • Figur 4a ausschnittsweise das Rückschießbolzen-System im schwenkbaren Detonatorträger,
  • Figur 5 im Längsschnitt eine Darstellung der erfin­dungsgemäßen Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung nach Abschuß in Scharfstellung,
  • Figur 6 im Längsschnitt den Zündabstand bei Zielauf­prall und
  • Figur 7 im Längsschnitt den Zündzustand bei Selbst­zerlegung nach Drallabbau.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a 40 mm shell shell according to the invention in side view with a longitudinally cut cartridge case.
  • FIG. 1a shows a driver according to the invention from the cartridge case in longitudinal section according to FIG. 1,
  • 1b shows a perforated disk according to the invention as a front cover disk of the driver in longitudinal section,
  • FIG. 1c, the perforated disk in top view,
  • FIG. 2 shows the 40 mm shell shell with the upper active part and the lower ignition and safety device in the disassembled state in a longitudinal section,
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged illustration of the ignition and safety device according to the invention in longitudinal section,
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of the ignition and securing device according to FIG. 3 (without a circuit board and spacer),
  • FIG. 4a shows a detail of the recoil pin system in the pivotable detonator carrier,
  • FIG. 5 shows in longitudinal section an illustration of the ignition and safety device according to the invention after being fired into focus,
  • 6 shows in longitudinal section the ignition distance in the event of a target impact and
  • FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section of the ignition state in the case of self-dismantling after swirl reduction.

In Figur 1 ist mit der Bezugsziffer 10 ein erfindungsge­mäßes Granatengeschoß z. B. im Kaliber 40 mm bezeichnet, das heckseitig in einer Patronenhülse 12 aus Kunststoff befestigt ist. Das Granatengeschoß 10 ist dreiteilig auf­gebaut und weist vorne eine besonders ausgebildete Stand-­Off-Haube 44 z. B. aus Aluminium, im mittleren Bereich eine zylindrische Geschoßwandung 16 z. B. aus vorfrag­mentiertem gewalzten Stahlblech und rückseitig ein napf­förmiges Geschoßgehäuse 18 z. B. ebenfalls aus Aluminium oder Stahl auf, das die erfindungsgemäße Zünd- und Siche­rungseinrichtung beinhaltet.In Figure 1 with the reference number 10 an inventive grenade projectile z. B. in 40 mm caliber, which is attached to the rear in a cartridge case 12 made of plastic. The grenade 10 is constructed in three parts and has a specially designed stand-off hood 44 z. B. made of aluminum, in the central region a cylindrical floor wall 16 z. B. from pre-fragmented rolled steel sheet and on the back a cup-shaped projectile housing 18 z. B. also made of aluminum or steel, which includes the ignition and safety device according to the invention.

Zur Beschleunigung des Granatengeschosses 10 ist zentral im Boden der Patronenhülse 12 ein Treiber 20 vorgesehen. Der Treiber 20 weist etwa in seinem mittleren Bereich eine außen umlaufende Ringnut 22 auf, in die ein radial nach innen vorspringender Wulst 24 bzw. Ringvorsprung der aus Kunststoff bestehenden Patronenhülse 12 zur einfachen gegenseitigen, aber unlösbaren Fixierung der Teile als Schnappverbindung eingerastet ist.To accelerate the grenade projectile 10, a driver 20 is provided centrally in the bottom of the cartridge case 12. The driver 20 has an outer circumferential annular groove 22 approximately in its central region, into which a radial inwardly projecting bead 24 or annular projection of the cartridge case 12 made of plastic for simple mutual but non-detachable fixing of the parts is snapped in as a snap connection.

Aus den Figuren 1a, 1b und 1c wird der Innenaufbau des Treibers 20 ersichtlich. Heckseitig ist eine Zündpille 26 vorgesehen, in einer zentralen Ausnehmung ist das Treibladungspulver 28 enthalten, nach vorne, zum Inneren der Patronenhülse 12 hin ist eine mit Bohrungen als Gas­durchlässe 30 versehene Lochscheibe 32 eingesetzt und fixiert. Die Gasdurchlässe 30, vorzugsweise sechs an der Zahl, sind zur besseren und gleichmäßigeren Einlei­tung der Treibladungsgase in einen in der Patronenhülse 12 vorgesehenen Gasdruckraum 34 schräg nach vorne und nach außen gerichtet. Hierdurch kann sich ein gleich­mäßiger Druckaufbau ausbilden und das Granatengeschoß 10 erreicht eine höhere Flugweite bzw. Reichweite. Dazu trägt ebenfalls die einfache und zweckmäßige Verbindung zwischen Granatengeschoß 10 und Patronenhülse 12 bei, zu deren Aufhebung sich zunächst ein erheblicher Gas­druck im Gasdruckraum 34 ausbilden muß, bevor das Ge­schoß 10 dann mit gleichmäßiger, reproduzierbarer und erhöhter Anfangsgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt wird. Die Verbindung zwischen Granatengeschoß 10 und Patronenhülse 12 wird dadurch realisiert, daß das Geschoßgehäuse 16, 18 etwa in seinem mittleren Bereich eine außen umlaufende Ringnut 36 aufweist, in die ein vorne an der Patronen­hülse 12 angeordneter radial nach innen vorspringender Wulst 38 der aus Kunststoff bestehende Patronenhülse 12 nach Art einer Schnappverbindung zur von Hand unlösbaren gegenseitigen Fixierung eingerastet ist.The internal structure of the driver 20 can be seen from FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c. An ignition pill 26 is provided on the rear side, the propellant charge 28 is contained in a central recess, towards the front, toward the interior of the cartridge case 12 a perforated disk 32 provided with bores as gas passages 30 is inserted and fixed. The gas passages 30, preferably six in number, are directed obliquely forwards and outwards for better and more uniform introduction of the propellant charge gases into a gas pressure space 34 provided in the cartridge case 12. As a result, a uniform build-up of pressure can develop and the grenade projectile 10 achieves a greater flight distance or range. This also contributes to the simple and convenient connection between the grenade projectile 10 and the cartridge case 12, the lifting of which requires a substantial gas pressure to form in the gas pressure chamber 34 before the projectile 10 is then accelerated with a uniform, reproducible and increased initial speed. The connection between the grenade projectile 10 and the cartridge case 12 is realized in that the projectile housing 16, 18 has an outer circumferential annular groove 36 approximately in its central region, into which a radially inwardly projecting bead 38 of the cartridge case made of plastic is arranged on the cartridge case 12 at the front 12 is latched in the manner of a snap connection for mutual non-detachable fixation.

In Figur 2 ist das vordere Geschoßteil als Wirkteil mit vorfragmentiertem Geschoßgehäuse 16, Sprengstoffladung 40, Hohlladungseinlage 42 und vorderer Haube 44 darge­stellt. Zur Erhöhung der Wirkung im Ziel weist die Hohlladungseinlage 42 eine besondere Form auf; sie ist vorteilhafter Weise trompetenförmig ausgebildet, d. h. im Bereich der zentralen Kegelspitze 46 ist der Öffnungs­winkel der kegelförmigen Hohlladungseinlage 42 relativ klein, nach vornehin ist der Öffnungswinkel dann stetig vergrößert ausgebildet. Zur Gewährleistung einerseits eines Mindestzündabstandes (Stand Off) der Hohlladungs­einlage 42 von einer zielseitigen Panzerplatte und ande­rerseits einer sicheren Abstützung der Hohlladungseinlage 42 und der Sprengladung 40 - auch bei härtestem Zielauf­prall - weist auch die Haube 44 zumindest innen eine besondere abgestufte Form auf. Dadurch kann eine Defor­mation der Haube 44 nur im vorderen kugelkalottenförmigen Teil auftreten, so daß durch den formbeständigen hinteren, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Teil der Haube 44 immer der Mindestzündabstand 48 zur optimalen Stahlausbildung der Einlage 42 gegeben ist.FIG. 2 shows the front projectile part as an active part with a pre-fragmented projectile housing 16, explosive charge 40, shaped charge insert 42 and front hood 44. To increase the effect on the target, the Hollow charge insert 42 has a special shape; it is advantageously designed in the shape of a trumpet, ie in the region of the central cone tip 46 the opening angle of the conical shaped charge insert 42 is relatively small, and from the outset the opening angle is then continuously increased. To ensure on the one hand a minimum ignition distance (stand off) of the shaped charge insert 42 from a target-side armor plate and on the other hand a secure support of the shaped charge insert 42 and the explosive charge 40 - even in the case of the hardest target impact - the hood 44 also has a special stepped shape at least on the inside. As a result, deformation of the hood 44 can only occur in the front spherical cap-shaped part, so that the dimensionally stable rear, essentially cylindrical part of the hood 44 always gives the minimum ignition interval 48 for optimal steel formation of the insert 42.

Im hinteren Geschoßgehäuse 18 ist die erfindungsgemäße Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung untergebracht, die anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren ausführlich beschrieben und erläutert wird.The ignition and safety device according to the invention, which is described and explained in detail with reference to the following figures, is accommodated in the rear floor housing 18.

Aus Figur 3 wird ersichtlich, daß das tragende Element der Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung durch ein innerhalb des rückwärtigen Geschoßgehäuses 18 angeordnetes Zwi­schengehäuse 50 (Zündergehäuse) gebildet wird. Das Zwischengehäuse 50 ist mittels einer Platine 52 und einer Distanzscheibe 54 im Geschoßgehäuse 18 fixiert. In der Platine 52 und der Distanzscheibe 54 ist jeweils eine Zentralbohrung vorgesehen, in der eine Verstärkungs- oder Übertragungsladung 56 zur Zündverbindung zwischen Detonatorladung (Zündpille) und Geschoßsprengstoffladung 40 angeordnet ist. Im Zwischengehäuse 50 ist in einer vorderseitigen Ausnehmung 58 ein quer zur Geschoßlängs­achse verschwenkbarer Detonatorträger 60 angeordnet.It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the supporting element of the ignition and securing device is formed by an intermediate housing 50 (igniter housing) arranged inside the rear floor housing 18. The intermediate housing 50 is fixed in the projectile housing 18 by means of a circuit board 52 and a spacer 54. A central bore is provided in the circuit board 52 and the spacer 54, in which a booster or transfer charge 56 is arranged for the ignition connection between the detonator charge (squib) and the projectile explosive charge 40. In the intermediate housing 50, a detonator carrier 60, which can be pivoted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile, is arranged in a front recess 58.

Der Detonatorträger 60 weist eine Bohrung 62 auf, in der in Sicherungsstellung die Spitze 64 der Zündnadel 66 ein­gelagert ist. Weiterhin weist der Detonatorträger als Teil einer mechanischen Hemmwerkssicherung ein Teilkreis-­Segmentzahnrad 68 auf und zur Verkleinerung der Baugröße bzw. zur Erhöhung der Fliehkraftwirkung ein Unwuchtmasse­teil 70 aus Schwermetall, z. B. Blei, Wolfram oder ent­sprechendem Material, auf.The detonator carrier 60 has a bore 62 in which the tip 64 of the firing needle 66 is embedded in the securing position. Furthermore, the detonator carrier has a pitch circle segment gear 68 as part of a mechanical inhibitor mechanism, and an unbalanced mass part 70 made of heavy metal, for example, for reducing the size or increasing the centrifugal force. B. lead, tungsten or corresponding material.

Seitlich neben dem Detonatorträger 60 ist als drallab­hängiges Sicherungselement ein federbelastetes Sperr­glied 72 in Gestalt eines Zylinders mit Spitze vorge­sehen, der hinter einen Vorsprung 74 des Detonatorträ­gers greift und diesen blockiert, dessen Sperrfunktion unter Fliehkraft durch Verschieben nach außen gegen die Federkraft aufhebbar ist. Das Sperrglied 72 bzw. der Zylinder ist in einer am Zwischengehäuse 50 befestigten Hülse 76 mit Druckfeder 78 verschiebbar eingelagert.Laterally next to the detonator carrier 60, a spring-loaded locking element 72 in the form of a cylinder with a tip is provided as a twist-dependent securing element, which engages behind a projection 74 of the detonator carrier and blocks it, the blocking function of which can be canceled by centrifugal force by moving it outward against the spring force. The locking member 72 or the cylinder is slidably mounted in a sleeve 76 attached to the intermediate housing 50 with a compression spring 78.

Das Zwischengehäuse 50 weist rückseitig ebenfalls eine Ausnehmung 80 (Figur 5 und 6) auf, in der ein Zündnadel­träger 82 axial verschiebbar eingelagert ist. Der Zünd­nadelträger 82 weist ebenfalls ein zeitlich nacheinan­der wirkendes beschleunigungs- und drallabhängiges Verriegelungselement in Form von mehreren, vorzugsweise acht, Kugeln 84 auf. Die Haltekugeln 84 sind in radialen Sacklochbohrungen 86 im Umfang des Zündnadelträgers 82 gleichmäßig verteilt eingelagert. In Ausgangsposition (Sicherheitsstellung) werden die Kugeln 84 durch den unteren zylindrischen Bund des Zwischengehäuses 50 in ihren jeweiligen Bohrungen 86 gehalten.
Von der rückwärtigen Kreisfläche des Zündnadelträgers 82 her ist eine konzentrische Ringnut 88 vorgesehen, die in die radialen Bohrungen 86 einmündet.
Der Ringnut 88 genau gegenüberliegend ist am inneren Boden des rückwärtigen Geschoßgehäuses 18 ein Ringvor­sprung 19 angeordnet, der bei Axialverschiebung des Zündnadelträgers in die Ringnut 88 eingreifbar ausgebildet ist und dadurch für die Kugeln 84 einen Umlenkpunkt als Zwangsführungsmaßnahme zum Verhindern des Prellens bzw. Zurückspringens der Kugeln darstellt. Mit dieser Zwangs­steuerung der Haltekugeln 84 wird eine hohe Funktions­sicherheit gewährleistet.The intermediate housing 50 also has a recess 80 on the rear (FIGS. 5 and 6), in which an ignition needle carrier 82 is embedded in an axially displaceable manner. The ignition needle carrier 82 likewise has an acceleration and swirl-dependent locking element in the form of a plurality of, preferably eight, balls 84 that act sequentially in time. The retaining balls 84 are evenly distributed in radial blind holes 86 in the circumference of the ignition needle carrier 82. In the starting position (safety position), the balls 84 are held in their respective bores 86 by the lower cylindrical collar of the intermediate housing 50.
A concentric annular groove 88 is provided from the rear circular surface of the ignition needle carrier 82 and opens into the radial bores 86.
The annular groove 88 is exactly opposite an annular projection 19 is arranged on the inner bottom of the rear floor housing 18, the axial displacement of the The firing pin holder is designed to engage in the annular groove 88 and thereby represents a deflection point for the balls 84 as a compulsory guiding measure for preventing the balls from bouncing or jumping back. This positive control of the retaining balls 84 ensures a high level of functional reliability.

Der Zündnadelträger 82 weist eine zentrale Bohrung 92 auf, in welche ein zylindrischer, gehäusefester Hülsen­vorsprung 94 eingreift und somit als Führungselement für die Axialverschiebung des Zündnadelträgers 82 dient.The ignition needle carrier 82 has a central bore 92 into which a cylindrical sleeve projection 94 fixed to the housing engages and thus serves as a guide element for the axial displacement of the ignition needle carrier 82.

Zentral innerhalb der Bohrung 92 bzw. innerhalb des Hül­senvorsprunges 94 ist die federabgestützte Zündnadel 66 eingelagert. Die Zündnadel 66 ist innerhalb einer Zünd­nadel-Hülse 98 gegen die Kraft einer Zündnadel-Feder 96 axial verschiebbar angeordnet. Die Zündnadel-Hülse 98 ist vorderseitig im Zündnadelträger 82 befestigt. Durch diese besondere separate Lagerung der Zündnadel wird eine hohe Zündempfindlichkeit erreicht.The spring-supported ignition needle 66 is embedded centrally within the bore 92 or within the sleeve projection 94. The firing needle 66 is arranged axially displaceably within a firing needle sleeve 98 against the force of a firing needle spring 96. The ignition needle sleeve 98 is fastened on the front side in the ignition needle carrier 82. This special, separate mounting of the firing needle ensures high ignition sensitivity.

Innerhalb des Hülsenvorsprunges 94 und die Zündnadel-­Hülse 98 eng umschließend ist eine weitere Druckfeder 100 vorgesehen, die sich rückseitig gegen den inneren Geschoßboden und vorderseitig gegen den Zündnadelträger 82 abstützt und diesen in Ausgangsposition nach vorne gegen das Zwischengehäuse 50 drückt.Within the sleeve projection 94 and the firing needle sleeve 98 closely surrounding a further compression spring 100 is provided, which is supported on the back against the inner floor and on the front against the firing pin holder 82 and presses it forward in the starting position against the intermediate housing 50.

Aus Figur 4 ist die exzentrische Anordnung des verschwenk­baren Detonatorträgers 60 in Ausgangsposition ersichtlich, der um einen Schwenkbolzen 102 an der Platine 52 gelagert ist. In Ausgangsposition befindet sich die Bohrung 62 zur Aufnahme und Sicherstellung der Zündnadelspitze 64 exakt am Ort der Geschoßlängsachse. Auf der einen Seite des Detonatorträgers 60 ist das Unwuchtmasseteil 70 aus Schwermetall befestigt bzw. eingezapft. Daneben sind die beiden Rückschießbolzen 104 und 106 angeordnet. Diese greifen mit ihren oberen Bolzenköpfen in entsprechend vor­gesehene Bohrungen 108, 110 in der Platine 52 ein und arretieren als beschleunigungsabhängiges Sicherungsele­ment den Detonatorträger 60 in Ausgangsposition.FIG. 4 shows the eccentric arrangement of the pivotable detonator carrier 60 in the starting position, which is mounted on the plate 52 about a pivot pin 102. In the starting position, the bore 62 for receiving and securing the firing needle tip 64 is located exactly at the location of the longitudinal axis of the projectile. The unbalanced mass part 70 made of heavy metal is fastened or tapped on one side of the detonator carrier 60. Are next to it the two recoil bolts 104 and 106 are arranged. These engage with their upper bolt heads in correspondingly provided bores 108, 110 in the board 52 and lock the detonator carrier 60 in the starting position as an acceleration-dependent securing element.

Bei Abschußbeschleunigung wird zunächst Bolzen 104 gegen die auf ihn wirkende Federkraft (siehe Figur 4a) nach unten gedrückt. Danach kann eine Sperrkugel 112 sich seitlich in Richtung Bolzen 104 verschieben und gibt ihre Sperrfunktion gegenüber dem zeiten Bolzen 110 auf bzw. diesen frei, so daß sich auch dieser Bolzen nach unten verschieben kann und die Verriegelung des Detonatorträgers gegenüber der Platine 52 aufgehoben ist.When the launch is accelerated, bolt 104 is first pressed downward against the spring force acting on it (see FIG. 4a). Thereafter, a locking ball 112 can move laterally in the direction of the bolt 104 and releases its locking function with respect to the second bolt 110, so that this bolt can also move downward and the detonator carrier is locked against the board 52.

Unter der Fliehkraftwirkung aufgrund des Dralles gibt das als drallabhängiges Sicherungselement wirkende Sperrglied 72 ebenfalls seine Sperrfunktion auf und der Detonatorträger 60 versucht aufgrund seiner Schwer­punktsanordnung im Bereich des Unwuchtmasseteiles 70 gemäß Pfeil 114 mit der dem Unwuchtmasseteil gegenüber­liegend angeordneten Detonatorladung 116 um den Bolzen 102 derart herumzuschwenken, daß die Detonatorladung 116 an die zentrale Position der Geschoßlängsachse in Linie mit der Zündnadel 66 gelangt. Die Schwenkbewegung wird jedoch durch eine mechanische Hemmwerkssicherung zeitlich verzögert. Die Hemmwerkssicherung besteht aus einem mit dem Detonatorträger 60 verbundenen Teilkreis-­Segmentzahnrad 68, einem damit in Eingriff stehenden, an dem Zwischengehäuse 50 befestigten Zahnrad 118 und einem ebenfalls an dem Zwischengehäuse 50 befestigten, mit dem Zahnrad 118 in Eingriff stehenden Anker bzw. Doppelhebel 120. Die Hemmwerkssicherung dient der Rohr- und Vorrohrsicherheit des Granatengeschosses.Under the effect of centrifugal force due to the swirl, the blocking member 72 acting as a swirl-dependent securing element also gives up its blocking function and, due to its center of gravity arrangement in the area of the unbalanced mass part 70, the detonator carrier 60 tries to pivot around the bolt 102 with the detonator charge 116 arranged opposite the unbalanced mass part such that detonator charge 116 reaches the central position of the longitudinal axis of the projectile in line with firing needle 66. However, the pivoting movement is delayed by a mechanical safety device. The inhibitor mechanism consists of a partial circle segment gearwheel 68 connected to the detonator carrier 60, a gearwheel 118 which engages with it and is fastened to the intermediate housing 50, and an armature or double lever 120 which is also fastened to the intermediate housing 50 and engages with the gearwheel 118. The safety device protects the pipe and down pipe safety of the shell.

In Ausgangsstellung stützt sich der Detonatorträger 60 an einem in der Platine 52 befestigten Anschlagbolzen 122 ab, in Scharfstellung nach Verschwenken und Posi­tionierung der Detonatorladung 116 unter der Zündnadel­spitze 64 stützt sich der Detonatorträger 60 ebenfalls wieder mit einer anderen Stelle seiner Rückwandung an dem Anschlagbolzen 122 ab und wird in dieser Position z. B. durch das Einrasten eines Federbleches hinter einem Vorsprung des Detonatorträgers sicher fixiert.In the starting position, the detonator carrier 60 is supported on a stop bolt 122 fastened in the circuit board 52, in the arming position after pivoting and positioning the detonator charge 116 under the ignition needle tip 64, the detonator carrier 60 is also supported again with another point of its rear wall on the stop bolt 122 and is in this position z. B. securely fixed by snapping a spring plate behind a projection of the detonator.

In den Figuren 5, 6 und 7 sind die verschiedenen Funk­tionszustände dargestellt. Figur 5 zeigt die Scharf­stellung nach Abschuß aus einer 40 mm-Granatpistole.The various functional states are shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. Figure 5 shows the focus after firing from a 40 mm grenade gun.

Durch die Abschußbeschleunigung wird der Zündnadelträger 82 gegen die Kraft der Druckfeder 100 in Richtung Geschoß­boden verschoben; durch die gleichzeitig beginnende Flieh­kraftwirkung bewegen sich die Kugeln 84 aus den Bohrungen 86 heraus und halten den Zündnadelträger gegen eine Schrägfläche 51 am hinteren Rand des Zwischengehäuses 50 abgestützt in Scharfstellung fest.
Dabei werden die Kugeln 84 über den Rand des eingreifen­den Ringvorsprunges 90 zwangsweise nach außen geführt und an einem Prellen oder Zurückspringen gehindert, denn dieser Scharfstellungsvorgang muß bis zum Erreichen der Rohrmündung erfolgt sein, sonst drückt die Feder 100 den Zündnadelträger 82 wieder nach vorn und der Zünder bleibt unscharf.Due to the launch acceleration, the firing pin carrier 82 is displaced towards the floor of the floor against the force of the compression spring 100; Due to the centrifugal force effect which begins at the same time, the balls 84 move out of the bores 86 and hold the firing pin holder in the armed position against an inclined surface 51 on the rear edge of the intermediate housing 50.
The balls 84 are forcibly guided outwards over the edge of the engaging ring projection 90 and prevented from bouncing or jumping back, because this focusing process must have taken place until the pipe mouth is reached, otherwise the spring 100 presses the ignition needle carrier 82 forward again and the igniter remains out of focus.

Nach Lösen der Sicherungselemente (Rückschießbolzensystem) 104, 106, 112 und Sperrglied 72 ist der Detonatorträger verschwenkt und die Detonatorladung 116 befindet sich in Zündlinie mit der Zündnadel 66, der Übertragungsla­dung 56 und der Sprengstoffladung 40.After releasing the securing elements (recoil pin system) 104, 106, 112 and locking member 72, the detonator carrier is pivoted and the detonator charge 116 is in the ignition line with the ignition needle 66, the transfer charge 56 and the explosive charge 40.

In Figur 16 ist der übliche Fall der Zündung bei hartem Zielaufprall dargestellt. Durch die Stoßenergie des Aufpralles wird die zylindrische Zündnadel 66 gegen die Kraft der Zündnadel-Feder 96 nach vorne in die Detonator­ladung 116 geschleundert.FIG. 16 shows the usual case of ignition in the event of a hard target impact. By the impact energy of the Upon impact, the cylindrical firing needle 66 is thrown forward into the detonator charge 116 against the force of the firing needle spring 96.

Für den Fall einer Zielverfehlung oder eines weichen Aufpralles, z. B. in Schnee oder Morast, kommt die Selbstzerlegungseinrichtung des Granatengeschosses zur Wirkung. Durch den auftretenden Drallabbau und den Wegfall der Fliehkraftwirkung wird der Zündnadel­träger 82 zusammen mit der Zündnadel 66 durch die Kraft der starken Druckfeder 100 nach vorne geschleudert und die Zündnadelspitze 64 löst die Zündung der Detonator­ladung 116 aus. Dies erfolgt gemäß Figur 7 nachdem die Haltekugeln 84 durch die Federkraft auf der schrägen Hinterkante 51 des Zwischengehäuses 50 radial nach innen in ihre Ausgangspositionen zurückgedrückt wurden und der Zündnadelträger 82 aus seiner hinteren Scharf­stellungsposition nach vorne vorne schnellen kann.In the event of a missed target or a soft impact, e.g. B. in snow or mud, the self-dismantling device of the shell grenade comes into effect. Due to the swirl reduction occurring and the loss of the centrifugal force effect, the ignition needle carrier 82 together with the ignition needle 66 is thrown forward by the force of the strong compression spring 100 and the ignition needle tip 64 triggers the ignition of the detonator charge 116. This takes place according to FIG. 7 after the retaining balls 84 have been pressed radially inward into their starting positions by the spring force on the oblique rear edge 51 of the intermediate housing 50 and the ignition needle carrier 82 can snap forward from its rear focus position.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Granatengeschoß wird im Ziel eine hohe Leistung durch einen ungestörten Hohlladungs­strahl und optimale Splitterwirkung erzielt, da der Zünder in den Geschoßboden verlegt ist und keine Be­hinderung der Stachelausbildung mehr bewirkt.
Der Bodenzünder mit zwei separaten voneinander unab­hängigen Sicherheitselementen und Selbstzerlegeein­richtung ist platzsparend ausgebildet und gewährleistet bereits schon bei relativ niedrigen Drehzahlen eine völlige Funktionswirksamkeit.With the grenade projectile according to the invention, high performance is achieved in the target by an undisturbed shaped charge jet and optimal splintering action, since the detonator is laid in the floor of the storey and no longer impairs the formation of the stinger.
The floor igniter with two separate, independent safety elements and self-dismantling device is designed to save space and ensures complete functional effectiveness even at relatively low speeds.

Bezugszeichen-ListeReference symbol list

  • 10 Granatengeschoß10 grenade round
  • 12 Patronenhülse (Kunstoff)12 cartridge case (plastic)
  • 16 Geschoßwandung16 floor wall
  • 18 Geschoßgehäuse rückseitig18 bullet housing on the back
  • 20 Treiber (Primer)20 drivers (primer)
  • 22 Ringnut22 ring groove
  • 24 Wulst (12)24 bead (12)
  • 26 Zündpille26 squib
  • 28 Treibladungspulver28 propellant powder
  • 30 Gasdurchlaß (Bohrung)30 gas passage (bore)
  • 32 Lochscheibe32 perforated disc
  • 34 Gasdruckraum34 gas pressure chamber
  • 36 Ringnut (18)36 ring groove (18)
  • 38 Wulst (12)38 bead (12)
  • 40 Sprengstoffladung40 explosive charge
  • 42 Hohlladungseinlage42 shaped charge insert
  • 44 Haube44 hood
  • 46 Kegelspitze (42)46 cone tip (42)
  • 48 Zündabstand48 firing interval
  • 50 Zwischengehäuse50 intermediate housing
  • 51 Schrägfläche (50)51 inclined surface (50)
  • 52 Platine (Scheibe)52 circuit board (disk)
  • 54 Distanzscheibe54 spacer
  • 56 Übertragungsladung (Pulver)56 transfer charge (powder)
  • 58 Ausnehmung58 recess
  • 60 Detonatorträger60 detonator carriers
  • 62 Bohrung62 hole
  • 64 Spitze64 top
  • 66 Zündnadel66 firing pin
  • 68 Segmentzahnrad68 segment gear
  • 70 Unwuchtmasseteil70 unbalanced mass part
  • 72 Sperrglied (Zyl.)72 locking member (cyl.)
  • 74 Vorsprung (60)74 projection (60)
  • 76 Hülse76 sleeve
  • 78 Druckfeder78 compression spring
  • 80 Ausnehmung (50)80 recess (50)
  • 82 Zündnadelträger82 firing pin holder
  • 84 Kugeln84 balls
  • 86 Sacklochbohrung86 blind hole
  • 88 Ringnut88 ring groove
  • 90 Ringvorsprung90 ring projection
  • 92 zentr. Bohrung92 centr. drilling
  • 94 Hülsenvorsprung94 sleeve projection
  • 96 Zündnadel-Feder96 firing pin spring
  • 98 Zündnadel-Hülse98 firing pin sleeve
  • 100 Druckfeder100 compression spring
  • 102 Schwenkbolzen102 pivot pins
  • 104 Rückschießbolzen104 recoil bolt
  • 106 Rückschießbolzen106 recoil bolts
  • 108 Bohrung (52)108 bore (52)
  • 110 Bohrung (52)110 hole (52)
  • 112 Sperrkugelpfeil112 blocking ball arrow
  • 114 Schwenkrichtungspfeil114 Swivel direction arrow
  • 116 Detonatorladung116 detonator charge
  • 118 Zahnrad118 gear
  • 120 Doppelhebel120 double levers
  • 122 Anschlagbolzen122 stop bolts

Claims (17)

1. Vollkalibriges Granatengeschoß mit Sprengladung und Aufschlagzünder zum Verschießen aus tragbaren Waffen mit gezogenem Rohr, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß eine nach vorne wirkende Hohl­ladungseinlage und ein radial nach außen wirkendes splitterbildendes, ggf. vorfragmentiertes Geschoßge­häuse vorgesehen ist, wobei der Aufschlagzünder als hinter der Hohlladungseinlage angeordneter nur einen geringen Platzbedarf beanspruchender Bodenzünder aus­gebildet ist und ein drallabhängiges und ein beschleu­nigungsabhängiges Sicherungselement aufweist.1. full-caliber grenade projectile with explosive charge and impact detonator for firing from portable weapons with a drawn tube, characterized in that a forward-facing shaped charge insert and a radially outwardly acting splinter-forming, possibly pre-fragmented projectile housing is provided, the impact detonator being arranged behind the shaped charge insert only is designed to take up little space and has a swirl-dependent and an acceleration-dependent securing element. 2. Granatengeschoß nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufschlag­zünder bei Nichtauslösung der Aufschlagzündung, z. B. bei flachem oder weichem Geschoßauftreffen, eine nach Drallabbau wirksamwerdende Selbstzerlegungseinrich­tung aufweist.2. grenade projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact detonator when the impact ignition is not triggered, for. B. with flat or soft projectile impact, has an effective after swirl reduction self-dismantling device. 3. Granatengeschoß nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Geschoßgehäuse (16, 18) etwa in seinem mittleren Bereich eine außen umlaufende Ringnut (36) aufweist, in die ein vorne an der Patronenhülse (12) angeordneter, radial nach innen vorspringender Wulst (38) der aus Kunststoff bestehen­den Patronenhülse (12) nach Art einer Schnappverbin­dung zur unlösbaren gegenseitigen Fixierung einrast­bar ist.3. grenade projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the projectile housing (16, 18) has an outer circumferential annular groove (36) approximately in its central area, into which a bulge (38) of the cartridge sleeve (12) made of plastic, arranged in the front on the cartridge sleeve (12), projects radially inwards, in the manner of a Snap connection for non-detachable mutual fixation can be snapped into place. 4. Granatengeschoß nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Patronenhülse (12) zur Beschleunigung des Granaten­geschosses (10) einen zentral im Hülsenboden ange­ordneten Treiber (20) mit darin enthaltenem Treib­ladungspulver (28) aufweist, der innenseitig durch eine Lochscheibe (32) mit mehreren, vorzugsweise sechs, schräg nach vorne und außen gerichteten Gas­durchlaßöffnungen (30) verschlossen ist.4. Grenade projectile according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the cartridge case (12) for accelerating the grenade projectile (10) has a driver (20) arranged centrally in the base of the case with propellant powder (28) contained therein, which inside through a perforated disk (32) with several, preferably six, obliquely forward and outward gas passage openings (30) is closed. 5. Granatengeschoß nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß der Treiber (20) etwa in seinem mittleren Bereich eine außen umlaufende Ringnut (22) aufweist, in die ein am Hülsenboden angeordneter, radial nach innen vor­springender Wulst (24) nach Art einer Schnappverbin­dung zur unlösbaren gegenseitigen Fixierung einrast­bar ist.5. grenade projectile according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the driver (20) has approximately in its central region an outer circumferential annular groove (22) into which a radially inwardly projecting bead (24 ) can be snapped into place in the manner of a snap connection for permanent releasable fixation. 6. Granatengeschoß nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlladungs­einlage (44) trompetenförmig ausgebildet ist, d. h. im Bereich der zentralen Kegelspitze (46) einen klei­nen Öffnungswinkel aufweist, der sich stetig nach vorne weiter vergrößert.6. grenade projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaped charge insert (44) is trumpet-shaped, ie in the region of the central cone tip (46) has a small opening angle, which increases continuously towards the front. 7. Grantengeschoß nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
- der Aufschlagzünder einen verschwenkbaren Detonator­träger (60) und eine axial verschiebbare Zündnadel (66) aufweist,
- der Detonatorträger (60) ein beschleunigungsabhängi­ges Sicherungselement und ein drallabhängiges Siche­rungselement aufweist,
- der Detonatorträger (60) mittels eines Bolzens (102) exzentrisch gelagert und durch Fliehkraftwirkung quer zur Geschoßlängsachse verschwenkbar ausgebil­det ist,
- die Zündnadel (66) in einem axial verschiebbaren Zündnadelträger (82) ebenfalls axial verschiebbar angeordnet ist und
- der Zündnadelträger (82) selbst ein zeitlich nach­einander wirkendes beschleunigungs- und drallab­hängiges Verriegelungselement aufweist.7. grenade projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
the impact detonator has a pivotable detonator carrier (60) and an axially displaceable ignition needle (66),
the detonator carrier (60) has an acceleration-dependent securing element and a swirl-dependent securing element,
the detonator carrier (60) is mounted eccentrically by means of a bolt (102) and can be pivoted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile by centrifugal force,
- The firing needle (66) is also axially displaceable in an axially displaceable firing pin carrier (82) and
- The firing pin holder (82) itself has an accelerating and swirl-dependent locking element which acts successively in time. 8. Granatengeschoß nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 7, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß das beschleunigungsabhängige Sicherungselement des Deto­natorträgers (60) aus einem Rückschießbolzensystem mit wenigstens zwei Rückschießbolzen (104, 106) und einer Sperrkugel (112) besteht.8. Grenade projectile according to claim 1, 2 or 7, characterized in that the acceleration-dependent securing element of the detonator carrier (60) consists of a rear-firing bolt system with at least two rear-firing bolts (104, 106) and a locking ball (112). 9. Granatengeschoß nach Anspruch 1, 2, 7 oder 8, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß das drallabhängige Sicherungselement des Detonatorträgers (60) aus einem federbelasteten Sperrglied (72) besteht, dessen Sperrfunktion unter Fliehkraftwirkung aufheb­bar ist.9. mortar projectile according to claim 1, 2, 7 or 8, characterized in that the swirl-dependent securing element of the detonator carrier (60) consists of a spring-loaded locking member (72), the locking function of which can be canceled under the action of centrifugal force. 10. Granatengeschoß nach Anspruch 1, 2, 7, 8 oder 9, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß der verschwenkbare Detonatorträger (60) eine zeitabhängige Hemmwerkssicherung für den Schwenkvorgang aufweist.10. Grenade projectile according to claim 1, 2, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the pivotable detonator carrier (60) has a time-dependent safety device for the pivoting process. 11. Granatengeschoß nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Detonatorträger (60) ein Unwuchtmasse­teil (70) aus Schwermetall aufweist.11. Grenade projectile according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the detonator carrier (60) has an unbalanced mass part (70) made of heavy metal. 12. Granatengeschoß nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die zeitabhängige mechanische Hemmwerks­sicherung ein mit dem Detonatorträger (60) verbundenes Teilkreis-Segmentzahnrad (68), ein damit in Eingriff stehendes, an einem Zwischengehäuse (50) befestigtes Zahnrad (118) und einen ebenfalls an dem Zwischenge­häuse (50) befestigten, mit dem Zahnrad (118) in Ein­griff stehenden Anker bzw. Doppelhebel (120) umfaßt.12. Grenade projectile according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the time-dependent mechanical locking mechanism protection means a partial circle segment gearwheel (68) connected to the detonator carrier (60), a gearwheel which is in engagement therewith and is fastened to an intermediate housing (50). 118) and an armature or double lever (120) also fastened to the intermediate housing (50) and engaging with the gear (118). 13. Granatengeschoß nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der gegen die Kraft einer Feder (100) axial verschiebbare Zündnadelträger (82) in Ruhestel­lung gegen das Zwischengehäuse (50) abstützbar und in arretierter Scharfstellung gegen das rückwärtige innere Geschoßgehäuse (18) abstützbar angeordnet ist.13. Grenade projectile according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the ignition needle carrier (82) axially displaceable against the force of a spring (100) can be supported in the rest position against the intermediate housing (50) and in the locked focus position against the rear inner projectile housing ( 18) is arranged to be supported. 14. Granatengeschoß nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Zündnadelträger (82) als Verriege­lungselemente mehrere Kugeln (84) aufweist, über die der Zündnadelträger (82) nach Abschuß und Axialver­schiebung durch Dralleinwirkung in Scharfstellung gegen das Zwischengehäuse (50) arretierbar ist.14. Grenade projectile according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the ignition needle carrier (82) has a plurality of balls (84) as locking elements, via which the ignition needle carrier (82) after firing and axial displacement by swirling into focus against the intermediate housing (50 ) can be locked. 15. Granatengeschoß nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß am inneren Geschoßgehäuseboden ein nach vorne weisender Ringvorsprung (90) vorgesehen ist, der zur Zwangsführung der Kugeln (84) in eine ringförmige Ausnehmung (88) im Zündnadelträger (82) eingreifbar ausgebildet ist.15. Grenade projectile according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 14, characterized in that one after the inner floor of the projectile An annular projection (90) pointing to the front is provided, which is designed so that it can be engaged in an annular recess (88) in the ignition needle carrier (82) in order to force the balls (84). 16. Granatengeschoß nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Zündnadel (66) bei Zielaufschlag unabhängig vom Zündnadelträger (82) gegen die Kraft einer Feder (96) zur Zündung in die Detonatorladung (116) im eingeschwenkten Detonatorträger (60) axial verschiebbar im Zündnadelträger (82) angeordnet ist.16. Grenade projectile according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the firing needle (66) at target impact independently of the firing needle carrier (82) against the force of a spring (96) for ignition in the detonator charge (116) in the pivoted-in detonator carrier (60 ) is arranged axially displaceably in the ignition needle carrier (82). 17. Granatengeschoß nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Verriegelungskugeln (84) nach Drall­abbau, beispielsweise bei flachem oder weichem Ge­schoßauftreffen, bzw. nach Abbau der Fliehkraftwir­kung über eine Schrägfläche (51) am rückwärtigen Zwischengehäuse (50) in ihre vorherige Ausgangspo­sition zurückführbar sind, so daß der Zündnadelträger (82) durch die Kraft der Feder (100) mitsamt der Zünd­nadel (66) zur Zündung in die Detonatorladung (116) im eingeschwenkten Detonatorträger (60) axial ver­schiebbar ausgebildet ist.17. Grenade projectile according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the locking balls (84) after swirl reduction, for example in the case of a flat or soft projectile impact, or after reduction of the centrifugal force effect via an inclined surface (51) on the rear intermediate housing (50) in their previous starting position can be traced back so that the ignition needle carrier (82) is designed to be axially displaceable in the pivoted-in detonator carrier (60) by the force of the spring (100) together with the ignition needle (66) for ignition into the detonator charge (116).
EP89112341A 1988-10-21 1989-07-06 Grenade Expired - Lifetime EP0364670B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3835888A DE3835888A1 (en) 1988-10-21 1988-10-21 GRENADE BULLET
DE3835888 1988-10-21

Publications (3)

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EP0364670A2 true EP0364670A2 (en) 1990-04-25
EP0364670A3 EP0364670A3 (en) 1991-12-27
EP0364670B1 EP0364670B1 (en) 1994-09-21

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EP (1) EP0364670B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE112046T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3835888A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE112046T1 (en) 1994-10-15
US4969397A (en) 1990-11-13
EP0364670A3 (en) 1991-12-27
DE3835888A1 (en) 1990-04-26
EP0364670B1 (en) 1994-09-21
DE58908401D1 (en) 1994-10-27

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