EP0354127B1 - Bell-type furnaces, in particular for annealing metallic coils in a controlled atmosphere - Google Patents

Bell-type furnaces, in particular for annealing metallic coils in a controlled atmosphere Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0354127B1
EP0354127B1 EP89402210A EP89402210A EP0354127B1 EP 0354127 B1 EP0354127 B1 EP 0354127B1 EP 89402210 A EP89402210 A EP 89402210A EP 89402210 A EP89402210 A EP 89402210A EP 0354127 B1 EP0354127 B1 EP 0354127B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cover
bell
base
collar
welded
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EP89402210A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0354127A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Buchet
Yves Riollet
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Fives Stein SA
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Stein Heurtey SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0073—Seals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/663—Bell-type furnaces
    • C21D9/673—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to bell-type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B11/00—Bell-type furnaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements made to bell furnaces used in particular for carrying out annealing operations on steel sheet coils in a controlled atmosphere.
  • Sheet metal annealing treatments are carried out either in the process of continuous steel sheet production lines, or in batch mode, using bell furnaces in which the sheet coils are placed in one or more piles on the basis of oven.
  • a bell furnace of the known type used for carrying out such annealing operations comprises a fixed base provided with a support plate on which the coil or batteries of coils rest and under which a recirculation turbine is positioned. annealing atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the steel sheets.
  • An internal cover isolates the load from the ambient atmosphere and from the atmosphere of the oven, this cover resting on the periphery of the base with the interposition of an annular seal.
  • This cover is itself covered with a bell furnace which is provided with heating means ensuring the heating of the load constituted by the stack or stacks of steel sheet coils.
  • the heating means of this bell furnace are constituted either by electrical resistances, or by burners so as to bring the inner cover to the high temperature necessary for the annealing operation.
  • the charge is cooled by removing the bell oven, which allows the inner cover to transfer the calories from the charge to the surrounding atmosphere by the same process of radiative and convective exchanges between the charge and the cover. interior.
  • the annealing operation is carried out under a protective atmosphere of nitrogen containing a small percentage of hydrogen, generally less than 10% and the pressure under the internal cover is constantly maintained at a value slightly higher than atmospheric pressure. in order to avoid any oxidation of the load during this operation. It is also known to avoid significant consumption of protective gas as well as to avoid the penetration of oxygen during the annealing operation, to provide a seal between the base and the cover, as is has already clarified above.
  • this seal is formed either by a seal of the fluidized type, in which the lower part of the cover comes to rest, the stopping of the fluidization transforming this fluidized seal into a conventional sand seal, or by a rubber profile, possibly being water-cooled, this profile being interposed between a water-cooled flange and placed on the periphery of the base and a water-cooled counter-flange positioned at the lower part of the cover.
  • These water cooling systems are made necessary to avoid thermal destruction of the seal resulting from the high temperatures of the gases recirculating under the protective cover and therefore in contact with the base, as well as to avoid thermal damage due to the cover itself which is brought to high temperature by the oven which covers it.
  • FR-A-2 268 869 discloses a bell furnace in particular for carrying out annealing operations under controlled atmosphere of metal sheets in coil which comprises: a fixed base secured to a bottom plate, provided in the upper part with a plate support on which the coil (s) of coils to be treated rests, an interior cover, isolating the load of the ambient atmosphere and that of the oven having at its lower part a ferrule resting on the periphery of the bottom plate with the interposition of a sealed mechanical assembly provided with an annular seal and, an oven, provided with heating means and coming to cover said inner cover.
  • the present invention has therefore set itself the objective of providing a solution making it possible not only to simplify the design of the lower part of the inner cover but also to ensure the durability of the sealing of the base-inner cover assembly.
  • the original design according to the invention of the lower part of the inner cover makes it possible to significantly reduce its temperature level, by reducing the heat transfers between the oven and the lower part of the cover, and between the protective atmosphere and the lower part of the cover while also ensuring the evacuation of the heat transmitted by conduction of the metal from the cover to the flange resting on the seal. It is thus possible to guarantee a low temperature level at all points of this flange, making it possible to overcome the need to ensure cooling by circulation of water.
  • the temperature of the flange is sufficiently homogeneous not to induce the usual thermal stresses which, in known installations, deform the flange and promote passage of the protective atmosphere at high temperature, deteriorating the seal and dramatically increasing the leak.
  • the surface of this contact can, without risk of overheating and premature aging, be considerably increased by using seals of simple parallelepiped section or multiple contact in place of traditional circular or oval section joints.
  • the bell furnace according to the present invention comprises, as known, a fixed base 11, provided with a bottom plate 13 and a support plate 12 under which the turbine 8 and on which rests the load consisting for example of one or more coils of cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel sheet 9.
  • This load is isolated from the ambient atmosphere using an interior cover 10 which rests on the base 11 with the interposition of sealing means which will be described below with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the inner cover 10 is covered by a bell 14 which carries the heating means (not shown) of the conventional type, intended to carry out, as we have seen above, the heat transfer by radiation and convection towards the load, thanks to the forced circulation of the protective atmosphere produced inside the enclosure delimited by the cover 10 (the means making it possible to obtain this forced circulation being well known, they will not be described here).
  • a semi-sealed barrier is produced between the capacity C of the cover 10 and the annular space A which separates the external circular lateral wall 28 from the base 11 and the cover 10 having at its lower part a ferrule 19, 36 resting on the periphery of the bottom plate 13. (see Figure 2).
  • this semi-sealed barrier is produced using a ring 22, preferably produced with an angle iron or with a tube welded to the lower end of a cylindrical internal ferrule 20 which is itself even welded on the lower part of the cover 10.
  • this cover 10 comprises a cylindrical ferrule 16 which is limited at its upper part by a bottom 18 which can be flat or curved and at its lower part by the ferrule frustoconical 19. It is preferably on this frustoconical ferrule 19 that the cylindrical internal ferrule 20 which supports the ring is welded.
  • a peripheral groove 26 welded on the internal face of the side wall 28 of the base is provided with a mattress 24 of a fibrous material on which the ring 22 rests. It is understood that the ring 22-fibrous mattress system 24 constitutes a semi-sealed joint between the capacity C and the annular space A.
  • the cylindrical ferrule 36 On the large base of the frustoconical ferrule 19 of the cover is welded the cylindrical ferrule 36, the upper part of which is provided with an annular angle iron 38, facing outwards and on which an annular groove 40 receiving a seal 42 is welded outwards in reinforced ceramic fiber or not.
  • the lower part 44 of the base of the oven 14 comes to rest partially on this seal 42 so as to create a seal between the high temperature atmosphere of the oven and the outside atmosphere.
  • the inner shell of the inner cover is lined with insulating materials 34 and 56. Furthermore, the annular space A separating the cover 10 from the side wall 28 of the base is at least partially lined with an insulating material 30 which is protected by a metal sheet 32 disposed outward. Thanks to this arrangement, avoids any thermal transfer by convention between the gases recirculated by the turbine 8 and the lower zones of the base and of the cover.
  • the mattress of insulating fibers 34, 56, disposed in the lower part of the cover 10 allows on the one hand to reduce the exchanges by radiation between the oven 14 and the lower part of the cover 10 and on the other hand to limit convection of hot gases from the oven between the lower zone of the latter and the lower part of the cover 10.
  • a flat flange 46 is welded on the lower part of the cylindrical shell 36 welded in the lower part of the frustoconical shell 19 of the cover 10.
  • This flange 46 comes to bear on a seal 48 which is positioned in a groove 50 cooled to using a water box 52 mounted on the periphery of the base.
  • the seal 48 can be a cylindrical O-ring but it is however preferable to use a seal of parallelepipedic section with large contact surface, which makes it possible to increase the machining tolerances of the flange 46 and of the groove carrying the seal 50 without risk of loss of mechanical or elastic properties of the seal for reasons of overheating.
  • the seal 48 may have imprints of more or less complex shapes on its contact surface with the flange 46, so as to ensure by deformation of said imprints, a perfect distribution of the pressure exerted by the weight of the cover 10, this provision thus contributing to ensuring sealing. It is known that the pressure due to the weight of the cover can be supplemented by means of jacks placed around the base and exerting a closing pressure on the flange 46.
  • fins 54 are provided for dispersing the heat flux coming from the frustoconical ferrule 19 of the cover.
  • the fins 54 are arranged radially and they are welded on the one hand to the cylindrical lower ferrule 36 and on the other hand to the flat flange 46 and to the annular angle 38.
  • the arrangement described above makes it possible on the one hand to reduce the heat flux arriving at the level of the flat flange 46 and on the other hand to disperse this heat flux in the ambient atmosphere. A temperature of this flat flange is thus ensured at all speeds, which is significantly lower than the limit temperature for the use of the materials used to make the seal 48.
  • This arrangement therefore makes it possible to use in contact with the flange 46 a seal 48 formed elastomeric materials (rubber or plastic) without the need to insert it between two flanges or two water-cooled boxes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne des perfectionnements apportés aux fours cloche utilisés notamment pour effectuer des opérations de recuit de bobines de tôles d'acier en atmosphère contrôlée.The present invention relates to improvements made to bell furnaces used in particular for carrying out annealing operations on steel sheet coils in a controlled atmosphere.

On sait que lors de la production de tôles d'acier après laminage à chaud ou à froid, il est nécessaire de soumettre les tôles à des traitements thermiques en vue d'obtenir des caractéristiques physiques précises telles que notamment dureté, ductilité, limite d'élasticité, etc. Ces traitements thermiques consistent en particulier en un recuit mettant en oeuvre un réchauffage progressif de la tôle jusqu'à l'obtention d'une température supérieure au point de transformation de l'acier afin d'assurer une recristallisation et une structure finale qui seront dépendantes de la température atteinte, de la durée de maintien à cette température et de la vitesse de refroidissement.It is known that during the production of steel sheets after hot or cold rolling, it is necessary to subject the sheets to heat treatments in order to obtain precise physical characteristics such as in particular hardness, ductility, limit of elasticity, etc. These heat treatments consist in particular of an annealing using progressive reheating of the sheet until a temperature higher than the transformation point of the steel is obtained in order to ensure recrystallization and a final structure which will be dependent. the temperature reached, the time it takes to maintain this temperature and the cooling rate.

Les traitements de recuit de tôles sont effectués soit au défilé dans des lignes continues de production de tôle d'acier, soit en mode discontinu, en utilisant des fours cloche dans lesquels les bobines de tôles sont posées selon une ou plusieurs piles sur la base du four.Sheet metal annealing treatments are carried out either in the process of continuous steel sheet production lines, or in batch mode, using bell furnaces in which the sheet coils are placed in one or more piles on the basis of oven.

D'une façon générale, un four cloche du type connu utilisé pour réaliser de telles opérations de recuit comporte une base fixe munie d'une plaque d'appui sur laquelle reposent la ou les piles de bobines et sous laquelle est positionnée une turbine de recirculation de l'atmosphère de recuit afin d'éviter toute oxydation des tôles d'acier. Un couvercle intérieur isole la charge de l'atmosphère ambiante et de l'atmosphère du four, ce couvercle reposant sur la périphérie de la base avec interposition d'un joint annulaire. Ce couvercle est lui-même recouvert d'un four cloche qui est pourvu de moyens de chauffage assurant le réchauffage de la charge constituée par la ou les piles de bobines de tôle d'acier. Généralement, les moyens de chauffage de ce four cloche sont constitués soit par des résistances électriques, soit par des brûleurs de manière à porter le couvercle intérieur à la haute température nécessaire à l'opération de recuit. Le transfert thermique entre la couvercle intérieur et les bobines à recuire, s'effectue alors par rayonnement et par convection grâce à la circulation forcée de l'atmosphère de protection réalisée par la turbine. Après recuit, le refroidissement de la charge est obtenu en retirant le four cloche, ce qui permet au couvercle intérieur de céder les calories de la charge à l'atmosphère environnante par le même processus d'échanges radiatifs et convectifs entre la charge et le couvercle intérieur. Bien entendu, il est toujours possible d'accélérer ce refroidissement en utilisant tout moyen extérieur connu.In general, a bell furnace of the known type used for carrying out such annealing operations comprises a fixed base provided with a support plate on which the coil or batteries of coils rest and under which a recirculation turbine is positioned. annealing atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the steel sheets. An internal cover isolates the load from the ambient atmosphere and from the atmosphere of the oven, this cover resting on the periphery of the base with the interposition of an annular seal. This cover is itself covered with a bell furnace which is provided with heating means ensuring the heating of the load constituted by the stack or stacks of steel sheet coils. Generally, the heating means of this bell furnace are constituted either by electrical resistances, or by burners so as to bring the inner cover to the high temperature necessary for the annealing operation. The heat transfer between the inner cover and the coils to be annealed, then takes place by radiation and by convection thanks to the forced circulation of the protective atmosphere produced by the turbine. After annealing, the charge is cooled by removing the bell oven, which allows the inner cover to transfer the calories from the charge to the surrounding atmosphere by the same process of radiative and convective exchanges between the charge and the cover. interior. Of course, it is always possible to accelerate this cooling using any known external means.

Dans les fours cloche, l'opération de recuit est réalisée sous atmosphère protectrice d'azote contenant un faible pourcentage d'hydrogène, généralement inférieur à 10 % et la pression sous le couvercle intérieur est constamment maintenue à une valeur légèrement supérieure à la pression atmosphèrique afin d'éviter toute oxydation de la charge durant cette opération. Il est connu par ailleurs pour éviter les consommations importantes de gaz de protection de même que pour éviter la pénétration de l'oxygène pendant l'opération de recuit, de prévoir un joint d'étanchéité entre la base et le couvercle, comme on l'a déjà précisé ci-dessus. Généralement, ce joint d'étanchéité est constitué soit par un joint du type fluidisé, dans lequel vient reposer la partie inférieure du couvercle, l'arrêt de la fluidisation transformant ce joint fluidisé en joint de sable classique, soit par un profilé de caoutchouc, pouvant être éventuellement refroidi à l'eau, ce profilé étant interposé entre une bride refroidie à l'eau et placée sur la périphérie de la base et une contre-bride également refroidie à l'eau positionné à la partie inférieure de couvercle. Ces systèmes de refroidissement à l'eau sont rendus nécessaires afin d'éviter une destruction thermique du joint résultant des températures élevées des gaz recirculant sous le couvercle de protection et donc au contact avec la base, ainsi que pour éviter un endommagement thermique du fait du couvercle lui-même qui est porté à haute température par le four qui le recouvre.In bell furnaces, the annealing operation is carried out under a protective atmosphere of nitrogen containing a small percentage of hydrogen, generally less than 10% and the pressure under the internal cover is constantly maintained at a value slightly higher than atmospheric pressure. in order to avoid any oxidation of the load during this operation. It is also known to avoid significant consumption of protective gas as well as to avoid the penetration of oxygen during the annealing operation, to provide a seal between the base and the cover, as is has already clarified above. Generally, this seal is formed either by a seal of the fluidized type, in which the lower part of the cover comes to rest, the stopping of the fluidization transforming this fluidized seal into a conventional sand seal, or by a rubber profile, possibly being water-cooled, this profile being interposed between a water-cooled flange and placed on the periphery of the base and a water-cooled counter-flange positioned at the lower part of the cover. These water cooling systems are made necessary to avoid thermal destruction of the seal resulting from the high temperatures of the gases recirculating under the protective cover and therefore in contact with the base, as well as to avoid thermal damage due to the cover itself which is brought to high temperature by the oven which covers it.

Il est connu également que pour améliorer la qualité métallurgique des bobines traitées ainsi que la productivité des bases, l'atmosphère de protection N₂, + faible pourcentage de H₂ peut être utilement remplacée par une atmosphère riche en hydrogène (entre 35 et 100%). Avec une telle atmosphère, l'étanchéité entre cloche, base et atmosphère devient beaucoup plus critique, tant sur le plan des consommations que sur le plan de la sécurité, du fait de la diffusivité très grande de l'hydrogène. Le développement des techniques de recuit sous hydrogène en four cloche monopile a amené un certain nombre de constructeurs à tenter d'améliorer les techniques d'étanchéité entre couvercle et base mentionnées ci-dessus.It is also known that to improve the metallurgical quality of the treated coils as well as the productivity of the bases, the protective atmosphere N₂, + low percentage of H₂ can be usefully replaced. by an atmosphere rich in hydrogen (between 35 and 100%). With such an atmosphere, the seal between bell, base and atmosphere becomes much more critical, both in terms of consumption and in terms of safety, due to the very high diffusivity of hydrogen. The development of hydrogen annealing techniques in a monopile bell furnace has led a certain number of manufacturers to try to improve the sealing techniques between the cover and the base mentioned above.

C'est ainsi que l'utilisation d'un joint fluidisé assure une étanchéité tout à fait insuffisante lorsque l'atmosphère de protection est riche en hydrogène et les conditions actuelles qui font appel aux systèmes de brides et contre-brides refroidies présente l'inconvénient d'une part d'accroître le nombre d'opérations de manipulations à effectuer lors des opérations de recuit puisqu'il faut connecter et déconnecter le circuit de refroidissement du couvercle intérieur au début et à la fin de chaque opération de recuit d'une charge et d'autre part d'augmenter, du fait des gradients de température imposés à la partie inférieure de la cloche, les contraintes thermiques, ce qui se traduit à court ou moyen terme par une déformation de la partie inférieure du couvercle et donc par une perte d'étanchéité qui favorise la destruction du joint alors mal refroidi.Thus the use of a fluidized seal provides a completely inadequate seal when the protective atmosphere is rich in hydrogen and the current conditions which call on the systems of flanges and counter-flanges cooled has the drawback. on the one hand to increase the number of handling operations to be carried out during annealing operations since it is necessary to connect and disconnect the cooling circuit of the inner cover at the start and at the end of each annealing operation of a charge and on the other hand to increase, due to the temperature gradients imposed on the lower part of the bell, the thermal stresses, which results in the short or medium term by a deformation of the lower part of the cover and therefore by a loss of sealing which favors the destruction of the poorly cooled joint.

On connaît par FR-A-2 268 869 un four cloche notamment pour réaliser des opérations de recuit sous atmosphère contrôlée de toles métalliques en bobine qui comprend : une base fixe solidaire d'une plaque de fond, munie en partie supérieure d'une plaque d'appui sur laquelle repose la ou les piles de bobines à traiter, un couvercle intérieur, isolant la charge de l'atmosphère ambiante et de celle du four présentant à sa partie inférieure une virole reposant sur la périphérie de la plaque de fond avec interposition d'un ensemble mécanique étanche muni d'un joint annulaire et, un four, muni des moyens de chauffage et venant couvrir ledit couvercle intérieur.FR-A-2 268 869 discloses a bell furnace in particular for carrying out annealing operations under controlled atmosphere of metal sheets in coil which comprises: a fixed base secured to a bottom plate, provided in the upper part with a plate support on which the coil (s) of coils to be treated rests, an interior cover, isolating the load of the ambient atmosphere and that of the oven having at its lower part a ferrule resting on the periphery of the bottom plate with the interposition of a sealed mechanical assembly provided with an annular seal and, an oven, provided with heating means and coming to cover said inner cover.

La présente invention s'est donc fixé comme objectif d'apporter une solution permettant non seulement de simplifier la conception de la partie basse du couvercle intérieur mais également d'assurer la pérennité de l'étanchéité du montage base-couvercle intérieur. Par ailleurs, la conception originale selon l'invention de la partie basse du couvercle intérieur permet de réduire notablement son niveau de température, en diminuant les transferts thermiques entre le four et la partie inférieure du couvercle, et entre l'atmosphère de protection et la partie inférieure du couvercle tout en permettant en outre d'assurer une évacuation de la chaleur transmise par conduction du métal du couvercle vers la bride reposant sur le joint d'étanchéité. On peut ainsi garantir un bas niveau de température en tous points de cette bride, permettant de s'affranchir de la nécessité d'en assurer le refroidissement par circulation d'eau. Par ailleurs, la température de la bride est suffisamment homogène pour ne pas induire les contraintes thermiques habituelles qui, dans les installations connues, déformant la bride et favorisent des passages de l'atmosphère protectrice à haute température détériorant le joint et accroissant dramatiquement la fuite.The present invention has therefore set itself the objective of providing a solution making it possible not only to simplify the design of the lower part of the inner cover but also to ensure the durability of the sealing of the base-inner cover assembly. Furthermore, the original design according to the invention of the lower part of the inner cover makes it possible to significantly reduce its temperature level, by reducing the heat transfers between the oven and the lower part of the cover, and between the protective atmosphere and the lower part of the cover while also ensuring the evacuation of the heat transmitted by conduction of the metal from the cover to the flange resting on the seal. It is thus possible to guarantee a low temperature level at all points of this flange, making it possible to overcome the need to ensure cooling by circulation of water. Furthermore, the temperature of the flange is sufficiently homogeneous not to induce the usual thermal stresses which, in known installations, deform the flange and promote passage of the protective atmosphere at high temperature, deteriorating the seal and dramatically increasing the leak.

Dans le dispositif selon l'invention décrit ci-après, en raison des températures ainsi assurées au contact du joint, la surface de ce contact peut, sans risque de surchauffe et vieillissement prématuré, être considérablement accrue en utilisant des joints de section parallélépipédique à simple ou multiple contact à la place des joints traditionnels de section circulaire ou ovale.In the device according to the invention described below, owing to the temperatures thus ensured in contact with the seal, the surface of this contact can, without risk of overheating and premature aging, be considerably increased by using seals of simple parallelepiped section or multiple contact in place of traditional circular or oval section joints.

La présente invention apporte donc un four cloche du type mentionné ci-dessus et caractérisé en ce que :

  • l'isolation thermique et l'étanchéité de la capacité interne dudit couvercle intérieur sont obtenues par une barrière semi-étanche, interposée entre ladite capacité et l'espace annulaire séparant la paroi latérale circulaire externe de la base et ladite virole, cette barrière semi-étanche étant constituée par un anneau, porté par un plat circulaire soudé sur ladite virole et qui s'applique sur un matelas de matériau fibreux, positionné dans une gorge périphérique sur ladite paroi latérale et,
  • la partie inférieure de ladite virole est munie de moyens de refroidissement comportant un plat soudé en partie basse de ladite partie inférieure et prenant appui sur ledit joint annulaire, positionné dans une gorge, refroidi par un caisson d'eau annulaire monté sur la périphérie de la plaque de fond.
The present invention therefore provides a bell oven of the type mentioned above and characterized in that:
  • the thermal insulation and the sealing of the internal capacity of said internal cover are obtained by a semi-waterproof barrier, interposed between said capacity and the annular space separating the external circular lateral wall of the base and said shell, this semi-barrier watertight consisting of a ring, carried by a circular plate welded to said ferrule and which is applied to a mattress of fibrous material, positioned in a peripheral groove on said side wall and,
  • the lower part of said ferrule is provided with cooling means comprising a welded plate in the lower part of said lower part and bearing on said annular seal, positioned in a groove, cooled by an annular water box mounted on the periphery of the baseplate.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantage de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un mode de réalisation dépourvu de tous caractères limitatifs. Sur les dessins :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique représentant dans son ensemble un four cloche pour opérations de recuit selon la présente invention et
  • La figure 2 est une vue partielle à plus grande échelle et en coupe verticale représentant la partie inférieure du couvercle intérieur du four cloche selon l'invention, cette figure illustrant plus particulièrement les moyens prévus par l'invention pour réduire le niveau de température.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment devoid of any limiting character. In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing as a whole a bell furnace for annealing operations according to the present invention and
  • Figure 2 is a partial view on a larger scale and in vertical section showing the lower part of the inner cover of the bell oven according to the invention, this figure illustrating more particularly the means provided by the invention to reduce the temperature level.

En se référant aux Figures 1 et 2, on voit que le four cloche selon la présente invention, comporte comme connu une base fixe 11, munie d'une plaque de fond 13 et d'une plaque d'appui 12 sous laquelle est placée la turbine 8 et sur laquelle vient reposer la charge constituée par exemple d'une ou de plusieurs bobines de tôles d'acier laminé à froid ou à chaud 9. Cette charge est isolée de l'atmosphère ambiante à l'aide d'un couvercle intérieur 10 qui repose sur la base 11 avec interposition de moyens d'étanchéité qui seront décrits ci-après en référence à la figure 2.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen that the bell furnace according to the present invention comprises, as known, a fixed base 11, provided with a bottom plate 13 and a support plate 12 under which the turbine 8 and on which rests the load consisting for example of one or more coils of cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel sheet 9. This load is isolated from the ambient atmosphere using an interior cover 10 which rests on the base 11 with the interposition of sealing means which will be described below with reference to FIG. 2.

Le couvercle intérieur 10 est recouvert par une cloche 14 qui porte les moyens de chauffage (non représentés) de type classique, destinés à réaliser, comme on l'a vu ci-dessus le transfert thermique par rayonnement et convection vers la charge, grâce à la circulation forcée de l'atmosphère de protection réalisée à l'intérieur de l'enceinte délimitée par le couvercle 10 (les moyens permettant d'obtenir cette circulation forcée étant bien connus, ils ne seront pas décrits ici).The inner cover 10 is covered by a bell 14 which carries the heating means (not shown) of the conventional type, intended to carry out, as we have seen above, the heat transfer by radiation and convection towards the load, thanks to the forced circulation of the protective atmosphere produced inside the enclosure delimited by the cover 10 (the means making it possible to obtain this forced circulation being well known, they will not be described here).

Selon l'invention, on réalise une barrière semi-étanche entre la capacité C du couvercle 10 et l'espace annulaire A qui sépare la paroi latérale circulaire externe 28 de la base 11 et le couvercle 10 présentant à sa partie inférieure une virole 19, 36 reposant sur la périphérie de la plaque de fond 13. (voir la figure 2). Dans cet exemple de réalisation, cette barrière semi-étanche est réalisée à l'aide d'un anneau 22, réalisé de préférence avec une cornière ou avec un tube soudé à l'extrémité inférieure d'une virole interne cylindrique 20 qui est elle-même soudée sur la partie inférieure du couvercle 10. Comme on le voit sur le dessin, ce couvercle 10 comporte une virole cylindrique 16 qui est limitée à sa partie supérieure par un fond 18 pouvant être plat ou bombé et à sa partie inférieure par la virole tronconique 19. C'est de préférence sur cette virole tronconique 19 qu'est soudée la virole interne cylindrique 20 qui supporte l'anneau 22. Une gorge périphérique 26 soudée sur la face interne de la paroi latérale 28 de la base est garnie d'un matelas 24 d'un matériau fibreux sur lequel vient appuyer l'anneau 22. On comprend que le système anneau 22-matelas fibreux 24 constitue un joint semi-étanche entre la capacité C et l'espace annulaire A. Sur la grande base de la virole tronconique 19 du couvercle est soudée la virole cylindrique 36 dont la partie supérieure est pourvue d'une cornière annulaire 38, tournée vers l'extérieur et sur laquelle est soudée vers l'extérieur une gorge annulaire 40 recevant un joint 42, par exemple en fibre céramique armée ou non. La partie inférieure 44 de la base du four 14 vient reposer partiellement sur ce joint 42 de manière à créer une étanchéité entre l'atmosphère à haute température du four à l'atmosphère extérieure.According to the invention, a semi-sealed barrier is produced between the capacity C of the cover 10 and the annular space A which separates the external circular lateral wall 28 from the base 11 and the cover 10 having at its lower part a ferrule 19, 36 resting on the periphery of the bottom plate 13. (see Figure 2). In this exemplary embodiment, this semi-sealed barrier is produced using a ring 22, preferably produced with an angle iron or with a tube welded to the lower end of a cylindrical internal ferrule 20 which is itself even welded on the lower part of the cover 10. As can be seen in the drawing, this cover 10 comprises a cylindrical ferrule 16 which is limited at its upper part by a bottom 18 which can be flat or curved and at its lower part by the ferrule frustoconical 19. It is preferably on this frustoconical ferrule 19 that the cylindrical internal ferrule 20 which supports the ring is welded. A peripheral groove 26 welded on the internal face of the side wall 28 of the base is provided with a mattress 24 of a fibrous material on which the ring 22 rests. It is understood that the ring 22-fibrous mattress system 24 constitutes a semi-sealed joint between the capacity C and the annular space A. On the large base of the frustoconical ferrule 19 of the cover is welded the cylindrical ferrule 36, the upper part of which is provided with an annular angle iron 38, facing outwards and on which an annular groove 40 receiving a seal 42 is welded outwards in reinforced ceramic fiber or not. The lower part 44 of the base of the oven 14 comes to rest partially on this seal 42 so as to create a seal between the high temperature atmosphere of the oven and the outside atmosphere.

La virole inférieure du couvercle intérieur est garnie de matériaux isolant 34 et 56. Par ailleurs, l'espace annulaire A séparant le couvercle 10 de la paroi latérale 28 de la base est garni au moins partiellement d'un matériau isolant 30 qui est protégé par une tôle métallique 32 disposée vers l'extérieur. Grâce à cette disposition, on évite tout transfert thermique par convention entre les gaz recirculés par la turbine 8 et les zones inférieures de la base et du couvercle. En outre, le matelas de fibres isolantes 34, 56, disposé dans la partie basse du couvercle 10, permet d'une part de réduire les échanges par rayonnement entre le four 14 et la partie basse du couvercle 10 et d'autre part de limiter la convection des gaz chauds issus du four entre la zone inférieure de ce dernier et la partie basse du couvercle 10. Ainsi, l'ensemble des dispositions décrites ci-dessus contribue à réduire le flux reçu par la partie inférieure du couvercle pratiquement au seul flux thermique dû à la conductivité du métal constituant le couvercle. L'essentiel de ce flux est dispersé dans l'atmosphère grâce à des ailettes 54 qui sont disposées ainsi qu'on le décrira ci-après à la partie basse de la virole tronconique 19 du couvercle 10.The inner shell of the inner cover is lined with insulating materials 34 and 56. Furthermore, the annular space A separating the cover 10 from the side wall 28 of the base is at least partially lined with an insulating material 30 which is protected by a metal sheet 32 disposed outward. Thanks to this arrangement, avoids any thermal transfer by convention between the gases recirculated by the turbine 8 and the lower zones of the base and of the cover. In addition, the mattress of insulating fibers 34, 56, disposed in the lower part of the cover 10, allows on the one hand to reduce the exchanges by radiation between the oven 14 and the lower part of the cover 10 and on the other hand to limit convection of hot gases from the oven between the lower zone of the latter and the lower part of the cover 10. Thus, all of the arrangements described above contribute to reducing the flow received by the lower part of the cover to practically only the flow thermal due to the conductivity of the metal constituting the cover. Most of this flow is dispersed in the atmosphere thanks to fins 54 which are arranged as will be described below in the lower part of the frustoconical shell 19 of the cover 10.

Sur la partie inférieure de la virole cylindrique 36 soudée en partie basse de la virole tronconique 19 du couvercle 10, on soude une bride plate 46. Cette bride 46 vient s'appuyer sur un joint 48 qui est positionné dans une gorge 50 refroidie à l'aide d'un caisson d'eau 52 monté sur la périphérie de la base. Le joint 48 peut être un joint torique cylindrique mais il est cependant préférable d'utiliser un joint de section parallélépipédique à grande surface de contact, ce qui permet d'accroître les tolérances d'usinage de la bride 46 et de la gorge porte-joint 50 sans risque de perte de propriétés mécaniques ou élastiques du joint pour des raisons de surchauffe. En outre, le joint 48 peut comporter des empreintes de formes plus ou moins complexes sur sa surface de contact avec la bride 46, de manière à assurer par déformation desdites empreintes, une parfaite répartition de la pression exercée par le poids du couvercle 10, cette disposition contribuant ainsi à assurer l'étanchéité. Il et connu que la pression due au poids du couvercle peut être complétée au moyen de vérins placés autour de la base et venant exercer une pression de fermeture sur la bride 46.On the lower part of the cylindrical shell 36 welded in the lower part of the frustoconical shell 19 of the cover 10, a flat flange 46 is welded. This flange 46 comes to bear on a seal 48 which is positioned in a groove 50 cooled to using a water box 52 mounted on the periphery of the base. The seal 48 can be a cylindrical O-ring but it is however preferable to use a seal of parallelepipedic section with large contact surface, which makes it possible to increase the machining tolerances of the flange 46 and of the groove carrying the seal 50 without risk of loss of mechanical or elastic properties of the seal for reasons of overheating. In addition, the seal 48 may have imprints of more or less complex shapes on its contact surface with the flange 46, so as to ensure by deformation of said imprints, a perfect distribution of the pressure exerted by the weight of the cover 10, this provision thus contributing to ensuring sealing. It is known that the pressure due to the weight of the cover can be supplemented by means of jacks placed around the base and exerting a closing pressure on the flange 46.

Ainsi qu'on l'a vu ci-dessus, on prévoit des ailettes 54 pour disperser le flux thermique issu par conduction de la virole tronconique 19 du couvercle. Dans l'exemple de réalisation non limitatif représenté sur la figure 2, les ailettes 54 sont disposées radialement et elles sont soudées d'une part à la virole inférieure cylindrique 36 et d'autre part sur la bride plate 46 et sur la cornière annulaire 38.As seen above, fins 54 are provided for dispersing the heat flux coming from the frustoconical ferrule 19 of the cover. In the nonlimiting exemplary embodiment shown on In FIG. 2, the fins 54 are arranged radially and they are welded on the one hand to the cylindrical lower ferrule 36 and on the other hand to the flat flange 46 and to the annular angle 38.

La disposition décrite ci-dessus permet d'une part de réduire le flux thermique arrivant au niveau de la bride plate 46 et d'autre part de disperser ce flux thermique dans l'atmosphère ambiante. On assure ainsi à tous les régimes une température de cette bride plate qui est nettement inférieure à la température limite d'emploi des matériaux servant à confectionner le joint 48. Cette disposition permet donc d'utiliser en contact avec la bride 46 un joint 48 constitué de matériaux élastomères (caoutchouc ou matière plastique) sans qu'il soit nécessaire de l'insérer entre deux brides ou deux caissons refroidis à l'eau. Par ailleurs, cette réduction importante du flux thermique aboutissant à la bride 46 permet d'éviter tout gradient de température significatif entre le petit rayon et le grand rayon de cette bride plate 46, ce qui limite considérablement les contraintes thermiques et par conséquent les risques de déformation de la bride 46 à court ou à moyen terme.The arrangement described above makes it possible on the one hand to reduce the heat flux arriving at the level of the flat flange 46 and on the other hand to disperse this heat flux in the ambient atmosphere. A temperature of this flat flange is thus ensured at all speeds, which is significantly lower than the limit temperature for the use of the materials used to make the seal 48. This arrangement therefore makes it possible to use in contact with the flange 46 a seal 48 formed elastomeric materials (rubber or plastic) without the need to insert it between two flanges or two water-cooled boxes. Furthermore, this significant reduction in the heat flux leading to the flange 46 makes it possible to avoid any significant temperature gradient between the small radius and the large radius of this flat flange 46, which considerably limits the thermal stresses and therefore the risks of deformation of the flange 46 in the short or medium term.

Il demeure bien entendu que la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation décrits ci-dessus.It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.

Claims (5)

  1. Bell furnace, particularly for carrying out annealing operation under a controlled atmosphere on metal sheets in roll form and which comprises a fixed base (11) integral with a base plate (13), provided in its upper part with a bearing plate on which rests the stack or stacks of rolls to be processed, an inner cover (10), insulating the charge from the ambient atmosphere and that of the furnace and having on its inner part a collar (19, 36) resting on the periphery of the base plate accompanied by the interposing of a tight mechanical assembly provided with a packing and a furnace, which has heating means and which covers said inner cover, characterized in that the thermal insulation and sealing of the inner area (C) of said inner cover (10) are obtained by a semitight barrier interposed between said area (C) and the annular space (A) separating the outer, circular side wall (28) from the said base and the said collar (19, 36), said semitight barrier being constituted by a ring (22), carried by a circular flat member (20) welded to said collar and which is applied to a fibrous material layer (24) located in a peripheral groove (26) on said side wall (28) and the lower part of said collar (19, 36) has cooling means incorporating a flat member (46) welded to the bottom part of said lower part and which bears on the packing (48) , located in a groove (50) and cooled by an annular water container (52) mounted on the periphery of the base plate (13).
  2. Bell furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular space (A) separating the cover (10) from the side wall (28) of the base is at least partly lined with insulating material (30) protected by an external metal sheet (32).
  3. Bell furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the packing (48) has a parallelepipedic cross-section, with a large contact surface and can have impressions on its contact surface with the flat member (46), so as to ensure, by deformation, a perfect distribution of the pressure exerted by the weight of the inner cover (10).
  4. Bell furnace according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are ribs (54) welded to the lower collar of the cover.
  5. Bell furnace according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fibrous materials (34, 56) are provided in the lower part of the cover.
EP89402210A 1988-08-04 1989-08-03 Bell-type furnaces, in particular for annealing metallic coils in a controlled atmosphere Expired - Lifetime EP0354127B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89402210T ATE91012T1 (en) 1988-08-04 1989-08-03 BOTTLE FURNACES, ESPECIALLY FOR ANNEALING METALLIC COILS IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8810576A FR2635175B1 (en) 1988-08-04 1988-08-04 IMPROVEMENTS IN BELL OVENS USED IN PARTICULAR FOR THE ANNUIT OF METAL COILS IN A CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE
FR8810576 1988-08-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0354127A1 EP0354127A1 (en) 1990-02-07
EP0354127B1 true EP0354127B1 (en) 1993-06-23

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89402210A Expired - Lifetime EP0354127B1 (en) 1988-08-04 1989-08-03 Bell-type furnaces, in particular for annealing metallic coils in a controlled atmosphere

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EP (1) EP0354127B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2810428B2 (en)
AR (1) AR247763A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE91012T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1335534C (en)
DD (1) DD287570A5 (en)
DE (2) DE354127T1 (en)
ES (1) ES2012442T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2635175B1 (en)
GR (1) GR900300065T1 (en)
MX (1) MX171674B (en)
MY (1) MY104137A (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2665756A1 (en) * 1990-08-13 1992-02-14 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Device for sealing between a vessel (tank, shaft) and a floating roof (vault, arch) of an industrial furnace such as an electric furnace for processing liquid metal
EP1904661A4 (en) * 2005-07-21 2010-12-29 Hard Technologies Pty Ltd Duplex surface treatment of metal objects
CN112182880B (en) * 2020-09-27 2023-07-11 武汉钢铁有限公司 Steel coil temperature uniformity adjustment method, device, equipment and medium

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2721070A (en) * 1954-03-12 1955-10-18 United States Steel Corp Two pass gas circulating separator
US3053523A (en) * 1959-06-08 1962-09-11 Inland Steel Co Inner cover for box annealing furnace
FR1552877A (en) * 1967-08-18 1969-01-10
US3438617A (en) * 1968-04-10 1969-04-15 Pullman Inc Atmospheric seals
US3563522A (en) * 1968-04-29 1971-02-16 Calvin C Blackman Sealing device
US3751219A (en) * 1971-10-28 1973-08-07 Steel Corp Annealing furnace seal
GB1390238A (en) * 1972-04-06 1975-04-09 Wellman Incandescent Furn Co Coil annealing furnaces
US3904356A (en) * 1974-04-29 1975-09-09 Wilson Eng Co Inc Lee Open coil heat shielding
JPS59149962U (en) * 1983-03-28 1984-10-06 川崎製鉄株式会社 Batch annealing furnace sealing device
JPS6118036U (en) * 1984-07-05 1986-02-01 淳男 丸橋 Aquarium with drain plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR900300065T1 (en) 1991-07-31
DE354127T1 (en) 1990-06-13
JPH02138422A (en) 1990-05-28
MY104137A (en) 1994-02-28
EP0354127A1 (en) 1990-02-07
CA1335534C (en) 1995-05-16
FR2635175A1 (en) 1990-02-09
DE68907289T2 (en) 1993-12-09
ES2012442T3 (en) 1993-12-01
ATE91012T1 (en) 1993-07-15
FR2635175B1 (en) 1993-03-05
DD287570A5 (en) 1991-02-28
AR247763A1 (en) 1995-03-31
ES2012442A4 (en) 1990-04-01
MX171674B (en) 1993-11-10
DE68907289D1 (en) 1993-07-29
JP2810428B2 (en) 1998-10-15

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