EP0342646B1 - Hand or wiper towel - Google Patents
Hand or wiper towel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0342646B1 EP0342646B1 EP89108866A EP89108866A EP0342646B1 EP 0342646 B1 EP0342646 B1 EP 0342646B1 EP 89108866 A EP89108866 A EP 89108866A EP 89108866 A EP89108866 A EP 89108866A EP 0342646 B1 EP0342646 B1 EP 0342646B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibrous web
- towel
- foraminous belt
- belt
- towels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/14—Making cellulose wadding, filter or blotting paper
- D21F11/145—Making cellulose wadding, filter or blotting paper including a through-drying process
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/006—Making patterned paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/14—Making cellulose wadding, filter or blotting paper
Definitions
- This invention relates to a paper towel.
- Disposable paper towels are commonly manufactured and widely used. A primary function of these towels is absorbing liquid. Paper towels possess varying degrees of certain qualities which make them suitable for different tasks. Some of these qualities are softness, absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, and strength.
- the absorbent capacity is the maximum amount of liquid a paper towel can absorb, and the absorbent rate is the speed with which the paper towel can absorb liquid.
- the strength of a paper towel is generally the tensile strength of the paper towel which is a measure of the stress required to pull the paper towel apart.
- Hand or wiper towels are a particular type of paper towel and are often used in washrooms for drying hands and for cleaning up liquid spills. These towels are also used for wiping surfaces clean with a solvent such as in washing windows or counter tops. Accordingly, towels must absorb relatively large quantities of liquid very quickly and possess enough strength so that they do not break apart when subjected to stress even when the towels are saturated with liquid. Further, it is also desirable for hand or wiper towels to be soft, particularly when the towels are used for drying hands so that they are comfortable to the user's skin and when wiping finished surfaces, such as desk tops or automobile exteriors, so that the towels do not scratch the finished surfaces.
- Prior art hand or wiper towels which are made from cellulosic fibers are normally strong even when saturated with liquid, but often lack desirable levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, and softness. These prior art towels are generally made with a conventional wet forming process wherein the beginning furnish contains chemical bonding agents to bind the cellulosic fibers together and promote the strength of the towel.
- the furnish is deposited on a traveling foraminous belt thereby forming a web of moist cellulosic fibers on top of the foraminous belt.
- the moist fibrous web is transferred to an absorbent carrier belt and then pressed by one or a series of rollers to remove water from the fibrous web and to compact the fibers in the web to further promote the strength of the towel.
- the pressed fibrous web is transferred to the outer surface of a rotating steam-heated dryer whereby part of the remaining water is evaporated from the fibrous web.
- the fibrous web is then "creped" by a blade positioned adjacent the outer surface of the dryer which scrapes the partially-dried fibrous web from the outer surface of the dryer.
- the creped fibrous web is then conveyed over a series of steam-heated dryers to evaporate the 20-50% moisture remaining in the web after creping. The creping enhances the absorbent capacity and absorbent rate of the towel
- the conventional process for making soft paper towels is similar to the conventional process for making hand or wiper towels; however, creping of the fibrous web is done when moisture content has been reduced to 10% or less.
- An adhesive solution is also applied to the outer surface of the "Yankee" creping dryer so that the fibrous web adheres tightly to the surface of the dryer.
- the creped fibrous web requires no further drying in this process.
- the resulting soft towels possess high levels of absorbent capacity and absorbent rate; however, these soft towels are also very weak and tend to break apart when saturated with liquid. Accordingly, soft paper towels are not an adequate substitute for hand or wiper paper towels.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an improved hand or wiper towel.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a hand or wiper towel with high levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, strength, and softness.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a hand or wiper towel at a reduced cost.
- the present invention solves the above-described problems in the prior art by providing an improved hand or wiper paper towel.
- the present invention is a paper towel prepared by a process which includes the steps of: (1) forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers, water, and a chemical debonder; (2) depositing the furnish on a travelling foraminous belt, thereby forming a fibrous web on top of the travelling foraminous belt; (3) subjecting the fibrous web to non-compressive drying to remove the water from the fibrous web; and (4) the step of non-compressive drying being followed by the step of pulling the dried fibrous web from the travelling foraminous belt to achieve the finished towel.
- the towel of the present invention possesses high levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, strength, and softness. More particularly, the towel of the present invention has an absorbent capacity of at least about 385%, an absorbent rate of about 8 seconds or less, a dry tensile strength of at least about 5700 grams to about 11,000 grams, and a wet tensile strength of at least about 1200 grams to about 1500 grams.
- the towel of the present invention is prepared by a process wherein the cellulosic fibers in the furnish comprise secondary cellulosic fibers.
- the high levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, strength, and softness are also achieved using the secondary cellulosic fibers.
- This aspect of the present invention is particularly advantageous because the cost of secondary cellulosic fibers is substantially less than the cost of virgin cellulosic fibers.
- the towel of the present invention is prepared by a process which includes the steps of: (1) forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers, water, and a chemical debonder; (2) depositing the furnish on a first travelling foraminous belt, thereby forming a fibrous web on top of the first foraminous belt; (3) transferring the fibrous web from the first travelling foraminous belt to a second foraminous belt travelling at a velocity from about 5 to 10% slower than the velocity of the first foraminous belt, thereby providing a series of transverse folds in the fibrous web; (4) subjecting the fibrous web to non-compressive drying to remove water from the fibrous web; and (5) the step of non-compressive drying being followed by the step of pulling the dried fibrous web from the second travelling foraminous belt, and optionally embossing same to achieve a finished towel.
- the towel made from this particular process exhibits even greater levels of strength and softness because of the series of folds in the towels.
- the folds increase the strength of the towels by providing a degree of stretch thereby reducing the tendency of the towel to tear when subjected to stress.
- the folds in the towels increase the softness of the towels by increasing the thickness of the towel.
- the towel of the present invention is prepared by a process further comprising the step of embossing the dried fibrous web after removing the dried fibrous web from the travelling foraminous belt.
- the embossing increases the absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, and softness of the web, but tends to reduce the strength of the web.
- Towels of the present invention prepared by the process including the embossing step have an absorbent capacity of at least about 400%, an absorbent rate of at least about 6 seconds or less, a tensile strength of at least about 1800 grams to about 2700 grams, and a wet tensile strength of at least about 380 grams to about 680 grams.
- This invention therefore, provides a more absorbent hand or wiper towel and a process for its manufacture.
- a process line 10 for producing a preferred embodiment of the present invention begins with a paper-making furnish 12 comprising a mixture of secondary cellulosic fiber, water, and a chemical debonder which is deposited from a conventional head box (not shown) through a nozzle 14 on top of a foraminous wire forming belt 16 as shown in Fig. 1.
- the forming belt 16 travels around a path defined by a series of guide rollers.
- the forming belt 16 travels from an upper guide roller 20, positioned below and proximate to the head box nozzle 14, horizontally and away from the head box nozzle to another upper guide roller 22, passes over the upper guide roller 22 and diagonally and downwardly to a lower guide roller 24, passes under the lower guide roller 24 and diagonally and upwardly toward the nozzle 14 to a lower guide roller 26, passes over lower guide roller 26 and diagonally and downwardly to lower guide roller 28, passes under lower guide roller 28, and turns upwardly and slightly inwardly to a guide roller 32, passes behind the guide roller 32 and upwardly and outwardly returns to upper guide roller 20.
- the partially dewatered fibrous web 38 is carried by the forming belt 16 in the counterclockwise direction, as shown in Fig. 1, towards the upper guide roller 22.
- the fibrous web 38 as it moves away from the vacuum forming box 34 preferably comprises from about 19% to about 30% cellulosic fiber by weight.
- An edge vacuum 40 positioned below the forming belt 16 proximate to the upper guide roller 22 is an aid to trimming the edges of the fibrous web 38.
- the fibrous web 38 passes over the upper guide roller 22 and downwardly between the forming belt 16 and a through-dryer belt 42.
- the through-dryer belt 42 travels at a velocity from about 5 to 10% slower than the velocity of the forming belt 16.
- the moist fibrous web 38 arrives at the point of transfer 76 between the forming belt 16 and the through-dryer belt 42 at a faster rate than the fibrous web is carried away by the through-dryer belt.
- the moist fibrous web 38 builds up at the point of transfer 76, the moist fabric tends to bend into a series of transverse folds 78 as shown in Fig. 2.
- the folds provide for a degree of stretch in the fibrous web thereby increasing the overall strength of the fibrous web, and because the folds stack on top of one another, the fibrous web becomes thicker and thus softer.
- the through-dryer belt 42 travels around a path defined by a series of guide rollers.
- the through-dryer belt 42 travels from a guide roller 44 positioned above and vertically offset from guide roller 22 downwardly towards the forming belt 16, contacts the fibrous web 38, and then downwardly and diagonally away from guide roller 24 to guide roller 46, passes under guide roller 46 and turns horizontally away from the forming belt 16 towards a through-dryer guide roller 48, passes under the through-dryer guide roller 48 and turns upwardly and over a through-dryer 50 and downwardly to another through-dryer guide roller 55, passes under through-dryer guide roller 55 and turns horizontally away from the through-dryer 50 towards a lower guide roller 54, passes under lower guide roller 54, and turns upwardly to an upper guide roller 56, passes over the upper guide roller 56 and turns slightly downwardly to an upper guide roller 58, passes under the upper guide roller 58, and turns slightly upwardly in the direction of the forming belt 16 to an upper guide roller 60, passes over upper guide roller 60 and turns downwardly to
- a vacuum pickup 66 pulls the fibrous web 38 towards the through-dryer belt 42 and away from forming belt 16 as the fibrous web passes between the through-dryer belt and the forming belt.
- the fibrous web 38 adheres to the through-dryer belt 42 and is carried by the through-dryer belt downwardly below lower guide roller 46 towards the through-dryer 50.
- Vacuum boxes 68 positioned above and proximate to the through-dryer belt 42 between the lower guide roller 46 and the through-dryer guide roller 48 further extract water from the moist fibrous web 38.
- the fibrous web 38 preferably comprises between about 25% and 35% fiber by weight after passing beneath the vacuum boxes 68.
- the through-dryer 50 generally comprises an outer rotatable perforated cylinder 51 and an outer hood 52 for receiving the hot air blown through the perforations 53, the fibrous web 38, and the through-dryer belt 42 as is known to those skilled in the art.
- the through-dryer belt 42 carries the fibrous web 38 over the upper portion of the through dryer outer cylinder 50.
- the heated air forced through the perforations 53 in the outer cylinder 51 of the through-dryer 50 removes the remaining water from the fibrous web 38.
- the temperature of the air forced through the fibrous web 38 by the through-dryer is preferably about 149° C to 177° C, (300 to 350° F.)
- the through-dryer belt 42 carries the dried fibrous web 38 below the through-dryer guide roller 55 towards the lower guide roller 54.
- the dried fibrous web 38 is pulled from the through-dryer belt at lower guide roller 54 by a takeup roller 70.
- the dried fibrous web 38 passes from the through-dryer belt 42 to a nip between a pair of embossing rollers 72.
- the dried and embossed fibrous web 38 then passes from the nip between the embossing rollers 72 to the takeup roller 70 where the fibrous web is wound into a product roll 74.
- An initial paper-making furnish comprising 0.15% by weight of secondary cellulosic fiber and 99.85% water.
- the secondary cellulosic fiber used in the furnish comprises a mixture of 80% cup stock fiber and 20% deinked wastepaper.
- 9,06 kg (20 wet lbs.) of Berocel 584 debonder, a surfactant manufactured by Berolchemie AG, per ton of dry secondary cellulosic fiber is added to the initial furnish mixture.
- 5,16 kg (11.4 dry lbs.) of Kymene 557-H wet strength resin, a polyamide epichlorohydrin resin manufactured by Hercules and 500 ml. of Sterox DF, a rewetting agent manufactured by Monsanto are also added to each dry ton of the initial furnish resulting in a furnish with a Canadian Standard Freeness of 410 cc.
- the final furnish is deposited from a head box through a 0,635 cm (1/4 in.) width opening onto a 94 M Appleton forming web, manufactured by Appleton Wire.
- the forming belt travels at a velocity of 12,2 m/min (40 ft.) per minute.
- the deposited furnish forms a web of cellulosic fibers with a dry basis weight of 46 grams per sq. meter on top of the forming belt.
- the fibrous web passes over a forming box vacuum which operates at a pressure of 270 mbar (8 in. Hg) below atmospheric pressure and extracts water from the fibrous web.
- the fibrous web then passes over an edge vacuum which operates at a vacuum of 371,6 - 506,7 mbar (11-15 in. Hg) below atmospheric pressure and further trims the edges of the fibrous web.
- the fibrous web is then transferred to a 31 A Albany through-dryer belt, manufactured by Albany International, with the aid of a vacuum pickup which produces a vacuum of 371,6 - 506,7 mbar (11-15 in. Hg) below atmospheric pressure.
- the through-dryer belt also travels at a velocity of 12,2 m/min (40 ft. per minute).
- the consistency of the partially dewatered fibrous web after the transfer to the through-dryer belt contains 19% by weight of dry cellulosic fiber.
- the through-dryer belt carries the partially dewatered fibrous web over a pair of vacuum boxes each producing a vacuum of 472,9 mbar (14 in. Hg) below atmospheric pressure and further dewaters the fibrous web.
- the through-dryer belt then carries the fibrous web around the upper portion of a cylindrical through-dryer.
- the fibrous web prior to transfer to the through-dryer comprises 26% to 27% by weight of cellulosic fiber.
- the through-dryer forces air at a temperature of 168,33°C (335° F) through the fibrous web and removes the remaining water from the fibrous web.
- the dried fibrous web is pulled directly from the through-dryer belt for use as a hand or wiper towel.
- Example 1 base towel A towel produced according to the specifications in Example 1 was subjected to a series of tests to determine the absorbency and strength of the towel and is indicated in Table 1 as Example 1 base towel.
- the base towel from Example 1 was also subjected to post-treatment embossing followed by the same series of tests.
- a portion of the Example 1 base towel was embossed with Kimberly Clark Embossing Pattern 1 (Northern Engraving Pattern No. 1804) and another portion of the Example 1 base towel was embossed with Kimberly Clark Pattern 2 (Northern Engraving Pattern No. 1557).
- the results of tests performed on the embossed towels is also shown in Table 1.
- the basis weight of the towels shown in Table 1 was determined according to ASTM D3776-9 and is shown in units of kg (pounds) of dry towel per 259,2 m 2 (2,880 sq. ft.) of towel.
- the water capacity of the towels in Table 1 was measured according to federal specification UU T-595C and is shown as the percent of the weight of the towel which the towel can absorb in weight of water.
- the water rate of the towels in Table 1 was measured according to TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) T432 SU-72. The water rate is shown in Table 1 as the number of seconds for a 10,16 cm x 10,16 cm (4" x 4") towel to become saturated with water.
- the thickness of the towel is measured according to TAPPI T411-68 and is shown in cm (inches) in Table 1.
- the tensile strengths of the towels shown in Table 1 are measured according to ASTM D1117-6 and D1682.
- the tensile strength is the amount of stress required to pull a 7,62 cm (3-in.) length of towel apart.
- the tensile strengths shown in Table 1 are expressed in grams.
- the tensile strengths of dry towels were measured in both the machine direction and the cross direction.
- the tensile strengths of the towels saturated with water were measured in the cross direction.
- the Example 1 base towel possesses a superior absorbent capacity to other hand or wiper towels which comprise the same or about the same basis weight as the Example 1 base towel.
- the absorbent capacity of the Example 1 base towel as shown in Table 1 is 90% greater than any of the prior art towels also shown.
- the Example 1 base towel also possesses a superior level of absorbent rate than the prior art towels shown therein.
- the absorbent rate of the Example 1 base towel is at least 4 times faster than any of the prior art towels shown in Table 1.
- the Example 1 base towel also possesses a greater thickness than those prior art towels shown in Table 1 and thus is a softer towel. Further, the tensile strength of the Example 1 base towel is superior to the tensile strengths of the prior art towels shown in Table 1.
- the embossed Example 1 base towels possess even higher levels of absorbent capacity and absorbent rate as shown in Table 1.
- the tensile strengths of the embossed Example 1 base towels are reduced somewhat by the embossing but remain comparable to the tensile strengths of the prior art towels shown in Table 1.
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- Paper (AREA)
- Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
- Body Washing Hand Wipes And Brushes (AREA)
- Gloves (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a paper towel.
- Disposable paper towels are commonly manufactured and widely used. A primary function of these towels is absorbing liquid. Paper towels possess varying degrees of certain qualities which make them suitable for different tasks. Some of these qualities are softness, absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, and strength. The absorbent capacity is the maximum amount of liquid a paper towel can absorb, and the absorbent rate is the speed with which the paper towel can absorb liquid. The strength of a paper towel is generally the tensile strength of the paper towel which is a measure of the stress required to pull the paper towel apart.
- Hand or wiper towels are a particular type of paper towel and are often used in washrooms for drying hands and for cleaning up liquid spills. These towels are also used for wiping surfaces clean with a solvent such as in washing windows or counter tops. Accordingly, towels must absorb relatively large quantities of liquid very quickly and possess enough strength so that they do not break apart when subjected to stress even when the towels are saturated with liquid. Further, it is also desirable for hand or wiper towels to be soft, particularly when the towels are used for drying hands so that they are comfortable to the user's skin and when wiping finished surfaces, such as desk tops or automobile exteriors, so that the towels do not scratch the finished surfaces.
- Prior art hand or wiper towels which are made from cellulosic fibers are normally strong even when saturated with liquid, but often lack desirable levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, and softness. These prior art towels are generally made with a conventional wet forming process wherein the beginning furnish contains chemical bonding agents to bind the cellulosic fibers together and promote the strength of the towel. The furnish is deposited on a traveling foraminous belt thereby forming a web of moist cellulosic fibers on top of the foraminous belt. The moist fibrous web is transferred to an absorbent carrier belt and then pressed by one or a series of rollers to remove water from the fibrous web and to compact the fibers in the web to further promote the strength of the towel. The pressed fibrous web is transferred to the outer surface of a rotating steam-heated dryer whereby part of the remaining water is evaporated from the fibrous web. The fibrous web is then "creped" by a blade positioned adjacent the outer surface of the dryer which scrapes the partially-dried fibrous web from the outer surface of the dryer. The creped fibrous web is then conveyed over a series of steam-heated dryers to evaporate the 20-50% moisture remaining in the web after creping. The creping enhances the absorbent capacity and absorbent rate of the towel
- The conventional process for making soft paper towels is similar to the conventional process for making hand or wiper towels; however, creping of the fibrous web is done when moisture content has been reduced to 10% or less. An adhesive solution is also applied to the outer surface of the "Yankee" creping dryer so that the fibrous web adheres tightly to the surface of the dryer. The creped fibrous web requires no further drying in this process. The resulting soft towels possess high levels of absorbent capacity and absorbent rate; however, these soft towels are also very weak and tend to break apart when saturated with liquid. Accordingly, soft paper towels are not an adequate substitute for hand or wiper paper towels.
- Another example of a prior art towel is disclosed in US-4,236,963 (Busker). The document teaches a process in which a furnish of cellulosic fibers and water is deposited on a travelling foraminous belt to form a fibrous web. The web is then subjected to a drying step carried out by a through-dryer. In the subsequent step the web has to be advanced through a mechanical texturing device in order to provide the web with the desired bulk and softness.
- Therefore, there is a need for a hand or wiper paper towel which possesses a high level of strength as well as high levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, and softness.
- Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved hand or wiper towel.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a hand or wiper towel with high levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, strength, and softness.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a hand or wiper towel at a reduced cost.
- The present invention solves the above-described problems in the prior art by providing an improved hand or wiper paper towel. Generally, the present invention is a paper towel prepared by a process which includes the steps of: (1) forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers, water, and a chemical debonder; (2) depositing the furnish on a travelling foraminous belt, thereby forming a fibrous web on top of the travelling foraminous belt; (3) subjecting the fibrous web to non-compressive drying to remove the water from the fibrous web; and (4) the step of non-compressive drying being followed by the step of pulling the dried fibrous web from the travelling foraminous belt to achieve the finished towel.
- Surprisingly, the towel of the present invention possesses high levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, strength, and softness. More particularly, the towel of the present invention has an absorbent capacity of at least about 385%, an absorbent rate of about 8 seconds or less, a dry tensile strength of at least about 5700 grams to about 11,000 grams, and a wet tensile strength of at least about 1200 grams to about 1500 grams.
- Even more particularly, the towel of the present invention is prepared by a process wherein the cellulosic fibers in the furnish comprise secondary cellulosic fibers. The high levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, strength, and softness are also achieved using the secondary cellulosic fibers. This aspect of the present invention is particularly advantageous because the cost of secondary cellulosic fibers is substantially less than the cost of virgin cellulosic fibers.
- Still more particularly, the towel of the present invention is prepared by a process which includes the steps of: (1) forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers, water, and a chemical debonder; (2) depositing the furnish on a first travelling foraminous belt, thereby forming a fibrous web on top of the first foraminous belt; (3) transferring the fibrous web from the first travelling foraminous belt to a second foraminous belt travelling at a velocity from about 5 to 10% slower than the velocity of the first foraminous belt, thereby providing a series of transverse folds in the fibrous web; (4) subjecting the fibrous web to non-compressive drying to remove water from the fibrous web; and (5) the step of non-compressive drying being followed by the step of pulling the dried fibrous web from the second travelling foraminous belt, and optionally embossing same to achieve a finished towel. The towel made from this particular process exhibits even greater levels of strength and softness because of the series of folds in the towels. The folds increase the strength of the towels by providing a degree of stretch thereby reducing the tendency of the towel to tear when subjected to stress. The folds in the towels increase the softness of the towels by increasing the thickness of the towel.
- Still more particularly, the towel of the present invention is prepared by a process further comprising the step of embossing the dried fibrous web after removing the dried fibrous web from the travelling foraminous belt. The embossing increases the absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, and softness of the web, but tends to reduce the strength of the web. Towels of the present invention prepared by the process including the embossing step have an absorbent capacity of at least about 400%, an absorbent rate of at least about 6 seconds or less, a tensile strength of at least about 1800 grams to about 2700 grams, and a wet tensile strength of at least about 380 grams to about 680 grams.
- This invention, therefore, provides a more absorbent hand or wiper towel and a process for its manufacture.
- Other objects, features, and advantages will become apparent from reading the following specifications in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the process line for producing a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the point of transfer between the forming belt and the through-dryer belt in a process line for producing another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Turning first to Fig 1, there is illustrated a
process line 10 for producing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The process line begins with a paper-making furnish 12 comprising a mixture of secondary cellulosic fiber, water, and a chemical debonder which is deposited from a conventional head box (not shown) through a nozzle 14 on top of a foraminouswire forming belt 16 as shown in Fig. 1. The formingbelt 16 travels around a path defined by a series of guide rollers. The formingbelt 16 travels from anupper guide roller 20, positioned below and proximate to the head box nozzle 14, horizontally and away from the head box nozzle to another upper guide roller 22, passes over the upper guide roller 22 and diagonally and downwardly to alower guide roller 24, passes under thelower guide roller 24 and diagonally and upwardly toward the nozzle 14 to alower guide roller 26, passes overlower guide roller 26 and diagonally and downwardly to lower guide roller 28, passes under lower guide roller 28, and turns upwardly and slightly inwardly to aguide roller 32, passes behind theguide roller 32 and upwardly and outwardly returns toupper guide roller 20. - A vacuum forming box 34 positioned beneath the forming
belt 16 proximate the opening 36 of the head box nozzle 14 immediately extracts water from the moistfibrous web 38 deposited on top of the forming belt by the head box nozzle. The partially dewateredfibrous web 38 is carried by the formingbelt 16 in the counterclockwise direction, as shown in Fig. 1, towards the upper guide roller 22. Thefibrous web 38 as it moves away from the vacuum forming box 34 preferably comprises from about 19% to about 30% cellulosic fiber by weight. Anedge vacuum 40 positioned below the formingbelt 16 proximate to the upper guide roller 22 is an aid to trimming the edges of thefibrous web 38. - The
fibrous web 38 passes over the upper guide roller 22 and downwardly between the formingbelt 16 and a through-dryer belt 42. - The through-
dryer belt 42 travels at a velocity from about 5 to 10% slower than the velocity of the formingbelt 16. As a result, the moistfibrous web 38 arrives at the point oftransfer 76 between the formingbelt 16 and the through-dryer belt 42 at a faster rate than the fibrous web is carried away by the through-dryer belt. As the moistfibrous web 38 builds up at the point oftransfer 76, the moist fabric tends to bend into a series of transverse folds 78 as shown in Fig. 2. The folds provide for a degree of stretch in the fibrous web thereby increasing the overall strength of the fibrous web, and because the folds stack on top of one another, the fibrous web becomes thicker and thus softer. - The through-
dryer belt 42 travels around a path defined by a series of guide rollers. The through-dryer belt 42 travels from a guide roller 44 positioned above and vertically offset from guide roller 22 downwardly towards the formingbelt 16, contacts thefibrous web 38, and then downwardly and diagonally away fromguide roller 24 to guideroller 46, passes underguide roller 46 and turns horizontally away from the formingbelt 16 towards a through-dryer guide roller 48, passes under the through-dryer guide roller 48 and turns upwardly and over a through-dryer 50 and downwardly to another through-dryer guide roller 55, passes under through-dryer guide roller 55 and turns horizontally away from the through-dryer 50 towards a lower guide roller 54, passes under lower guide roller 54, and turns upwardly to an upper guide roller 56, passes over the upper guide roller 56 and turns slightly downwardly to an upper guide roller 58, passes under the upper guide roller 58, and turns slightly upwardly in the direction of the formingbelt 16 to anupper guide roller 60, passes overupper guide roller 60 and turns downwardly to aguide roller 62, passes underguide roller 62 and turns substantially horizontally away from formingbelt 16 to a guide roller 64, passes around guide roller 64 and turns horizontally in the direction of the formingbelt 16 and returns to guide roller 44. - A vacuum pickup 66 pulls the
fibrous web 38 towards the through-dryer belt 42 and away from formingbelt 16 as the fibrous web passes between the through-dryer belt and the forming belt. Thefibrous web 38 adheres to the through-dryer belt 42 and is carried by the through-dryer belt downwardly belowlower guide roller 46 towards the through-dryer 50. Vacuum boxes 68 positioned above and proximate to the through-dryer belt 42 between thelower guide roller 46 and the through-dryer guide roller 48 further extract water from the moistfibrous web 38. Thefibrous web 38 preferably comprises between about 25% and 35% fiber by weight after passing beneath the vacuum boxes 68. - The through-
dryer 50 generally comprises an outer rotatableperforated cylinder 51 and anouter hood 52 for receiving the hot air blown through the perforations 53, thefibrous web 38, and the through-dryer belt 42 as is known to those skilled in the art. The through-dryer belt 42 carries thefibrous web 38 over the upper portion of the through dryerouter cylinder 50. The heated air forced through the perforations 53 in theouter cylinder 51 of the through-dryer 50, removes the remaining water from thefibrous web 38. The temperature of the air forced through thefibrous web 38 by the through-dryer is preferably about 149° C to 177° C, (300 to 350° F.) - The through-
dryer belt 42 carries the driedfibrous web 38 below the through-dryer guide roller 55 towards the lower guide roller 54. The driedfibrous web 38 is pulled from the through-dryer belt at lower guide roller 54 by a takeup roller 70. The driedfibrous web 38 passes from the through-dryer belt 42 to a nip between a pair ofembossing rollers 72. The dried and embossedfibrous web 38 then passes from the nip between theembossing rollers 72 to the takeup roller 70 where the fibrous web is wound into a product roll 74. - This invention is further illustrated by the following example which is illustrative of a preferred embodiment designed to teach those of ordinary skill in the art how to practice this invention.
- An initial paper-making furnish is prepared comprising 0.15% by weight of secondary cellulosic fiber and 99.85% water. The secondary cellulosic fiber used in the furnish comprises a mixture of 80% cup stock fiber and 20% deinked wastepaper. 9,06 kg (20 wet lbs.) of Berocel 584 debonder, a surfactant manufactured by Berolchemie AG, per ton of dry secondary cellulosic fiber is added to the initial furnish mixture. 5,16 kg (11.4 dry lbs.) of Kymene 557-H wet strength resin, a polyamide epichlorohydrin resin manufactured by Hercules and 500 ml. of Sterox DF, a rewetting agent manufactured by Monsanto, are also added to each dry ton of the initial furnish resulting in a furnish with a Canadian Standard Freeness of 410 cc.
- The final furnish is deposited from a head box through a 0,635 cm (1/4 in.) width opening onto a 94 M Appleton forming web, manufactured by Appleton Wire. The forming belt travels at a velocity of 12,2 m/min (40 ft.) per minute. The deposited furnish forms a web of cellulosic fibers with a dry basis weight of 46 grams per sq. meter on top of the forming belt.
- Immediately after the fibrous web is formed on top of the forming belt, the fibrous web passes over a forming box vacuum which operates at a pressure of 270 mbar (8 in. Hg) below atmospheric pressure and extracts water from the fibrous web. The fibrous web then passes over an edge vacuum which operates at a vacuum of 371,6 - 506,7 mbar (11-15 in. Hg) below atmospheric pressure and further trims the edges of the fibrous web.
- The fibrous web is then transferred to a 31 A Albany through-dryer belt, manufactured by Albany International, with the aid of a vacuum pickup which produces a vacuum of 371,6 - 506,7 mbar (11-15 in. Hg) below atmospheric pressure. The through-dryer belt also travels at a velocity of 12,2 m/min (40 ft. per minute). The consistency of the partially dewatered fibrous web after the transfer to the through-dryer belt contains 19% by weight of dry cellulosic fiber.
- The through-dryer belt carries the partially dewatered fibrous web over a pair of vacuum boxes each producing a vacuum of 472,9 mbar (14 in. Hg) below atmospheric pressure and further dewaters the fibrous web. The through-dryer belt then carries the fibrous web around the upper portion of a cylindrical through-dryer. The fibrous web prior to transfer to the through-dryer comprises 26% to 27% by weight of cellulosic fiber. The through-dryer forces air at a temperature of 168,33°C (335° F) through the fibrous web and removes the remaining water from the fibrous web. The dried fibrous web is pulled directly from the through-dryer belt for use as a hand or wiper towel.
- A towel produced according to the specifications in Example 1 was subjected to a series of tests to determine the absorbency and strength of the towel and is indicated in Table 1 as Example 1 base towel. The base towel from Example 1 was also subjected to post-treatment embossing followed by the same series of tests. A portion of the Example 1 base towel was embossed with Kimberly Clark Embossing Pattern 1 (Northern Engraving Pattern No. 1804) and another portion of the Example 1 base towel was embossed with Kimberly Clark Pattern 2 (Northern Engraving Pattern No. 1557). The results of tests performed on the embossed towels is also shown in Table 1. Three prior art hand or wiper towels the Scott 180, the Fort Howard 202, and the Crown Zellerbach 820, were also subjected to the same tests as the Example 1 base towel. The results of the tests performed on the prior art towels are also shown in Table 1 for comparative purposes.
- The basis weight of the towels shown in Table 1 was determined according to ASTM D3776-9 and is shown in units of kg (pounds) of dry towel per 259,2 m2 (2,880 sq. ft.) of towel. The water capacity of the towels in Table 1 was measured according to federal specification UU T-595C and is shown as the percent of the weight of the towel which the towel can absorb in weight of water. The water rate of the towels in Table 1 was measured according to TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) T432 SU-72. The water rate is shown in Table 1 as the number of seconds for a 10,16 cm x 10,16 cm (4" x 4") towel to become saturated with water. The thickness of the towel is measured according to TAPPI T411-68 and is shown in cm (inches) in Table 1. The tensile strengths of the towels shown in Table 1 are measured according to ASTM D1117-6 and D1682. The tensile strength is the amount of stress required to pull a 7,62 cm (3-in.) length of towel apart. The tensile strengths shown in Table 1 are expressed in grams. The tensile strengths of dry towels were measured in both the machine direction and the cross direction. The tensile strengths of the towels saturated with water were measured in the cross direction.
-
TABLE 1 Scott 180 Fort Howard 202 Crown Zellerbach 820 Example Base Towel Embossed Base Towel K-C Pat. 1 Embossed Base Towel K-C Pat. 2 Basis Weight, (#/2880ft2) 27 27 25 27 27 27 kg/259,2 m2 12,231 12,231 11,325 12,231 12,231 12,231 Absorbant Capacity, % 284 270 295 385 399 505 Absorbant Rate, Seconds 35 58 69 8 6 4 Thickness, (Inches) 0.0042 0.0043 0.0046 0.0077 0.0083 0.0093 cm 0,0106 0,0109 0,0117 0,0196 0,0211 0,0236 Tensile Strength MD Dry, g 7480 6690 6690 10890 6078 2679 CD Dry g 3460 3470 2640 5738 2421 1889 CD Wet g 1163 750 800 1481 673 387 - As shown in Table 1, the Example 1 base towel possesses a superior absorbent capacity to other hand or wiper towels which comprise the same or about the same basis weight as the Example 1 base towel. The absorbent capacity of the Example 1 base towel as shown in Table 1 is 90% greater than any of the prior art towels also shown. The Example 1 base towel also possesses a superior level of absorbent rate than the prior art towels shown therein. The absorbent rate of the Example 1 base towel is at least 4 times faster than any of the prior art towels shown in Table 1. The Example 1 base towel also possesses a greater thickness than those prior art towels shown in Table 1 and thus is a softer towel. Further, the tensile strength of the Example 1 base towel is superior to the tensile strengths of the prior art towels shown in Table 1.
- The embossed Example 1 base towels possess even higher levels of absorbent capacity and absorbent rate as shown in Table 1. The tensile strengths of the embossed Example 1 base towels are reduced somewhat by the embossing but remain comparable to the tensile strengths of the prior art towels shown in Table 1.
- In summary, the data in Table 1 show that hand or wiper towels which are preferred embodiments of the present invention possess superior levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, softness and strength to other prior art hand or wiper towels of the same or about the same basis weight.
- It should be understood that the foregoing relates only to preferred embodiments of the present invention, and that numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (9)
- A process of manufacturing a towel comprising the steps of:forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers, water, and a chemical debonder;depositing the furnish on a travelling foraminous belt thereby forming a fibrous web on top of the travelling foraminous belt;subjecting the fibrous web to non-compressive drying to remove the water from the fibrous web;the step of non-compressive drying being followed by the step of pulling the dried fibrous web from the travelling foraminous belt to achieve the finished towel.
- The process as in claim 1, wherein:
the non-compressive drying is achieved with a through-dryer. - A towel obtainable by a process as in one of the preceding claims, wherein the towel has an absorbent capacity of at least about 385%, an absorbent rate of about 8 seconds or less, a dry tensile strength of at least about 5700 grams to about 11,000 grams, and a wet tensile strength of at least about 1200 grams to about 1500 grams.
- The towel obtainable by a process as in one of claims 1 and 2 or the towel as in claim 3, wherein:
the cellulosic fibers in the furnish comprise secondary cellulosic fibers. - A process of manufacturing a towel comprising the steps of:forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers, water and a chemical debonder;depositing the furnish on a first foraminous belt, the first foraminous belt travelling at a first velocity, thereby forming a fibrous web on top of the first foraminous belt;transferring the fibrous web from the first travelling foraminous belt to a second foraminous belt, the second foraminous belt travelling at a second velocity from about 5% to about 10% slower than the first velocity, thereby providing a series of transverse folds in the fibrous web;subjecting the fibrous web to non-compressive drying to remove the water from the fibrous web;the step of non-compressive drying being followed by the step of pulling the dried fibrous web from the second travelling foraminous belt, and optionally embossing same to achieve a finished towel.
- The process as in claim 5, wherein:
the non-compressive drying is achieved with a through-dryer. - The process as in of one of claims 5 and 6, further comprising the step of:
embossing the dried fibrous web after removing the dried fibrous web from the second travelling foraminous belt. - The towel obtainable by a process as in claim 7, wherein when same is embossed, the towel has an absorbent capacity of at least about 400%, an absorbent rate of about 6 seconds or less, a dry tensile strength of at least about 1800 grams to about 2700 grams, and a wet tensile strength of at least about 380 grams to about 680 grams.
- The towel obtainable by a process as in one of claims 5 to 7 or the towel as in claim 8, wherein;
the cellulosic fibers in the furnish comprise secondary cellulosic fibers.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8916269U DE8916269U1 (en) | 1988-05-18 | 1989-05-17 | Hand or wipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19523488A | 1988-05-18 | 1988-05-18 | |
US195234 | 1988-05-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0342646A2 EP0342646A2 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
EP0342646A3 EP0342646A3 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
EP0342646B1 true EP0342646B1 (en) | 1996-07-10 |
Family
ID=22720578
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89108866A Expired - Lifetime EP0342646B1 (en) | 1988-05-18 | 1989-05-17 | Hand or wiper towel |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0342646B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE140284T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU3487589A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1324909C (en) |
DE (1) | DE68926800T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2088874T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX172304B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA893657B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6827818B2 (en) | 1993-06-24 | 2004-12-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft tissue |
US7744723B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2010-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure product with high softness |
US7749355B2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2010-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tissue paper |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ242947A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1994-07-26 | Johnson & Johnson Inc | Non-defiberised fluid-absorbent sheet has debonding agent and cross linked fibres and method of manufacture |
US5348620A (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1994-09-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method of treating papermaking fibers for making tissue |
US5667636A (en) * | 1993-03-24 | 1997-09-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for making smooth uncreped throughdried sheets |
CA2098326A1 (en) * | 1993-03-24 | 1994-09-25 | Steven A. Engel | Method for making smooth uncreped throughdried sheets |
US5399174A (en) * | 1993-04-06 | 1995-03-21 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Patterned embossed nonwoven fabric, cloth-like liquid barrier material |
US5599420A (en) * | 1993-04-06 | 1997-02-04 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Patterned embossed nonwoven fabric, cloth-like liquid barrier material and method for making same |
FR2715288B1 (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1998-01-09 | Kimberly Clark Co | Multi-jet cellulosic product with an aqueous absorption capacity independent of its size. |
FR2715051B1 (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1998-01-09 | Kimberly Clark Co | Base sheet especially for multi-jet cellulosic product and its manufacturing process. |
US5399412A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-03-21 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Uncreped throughdried towels and wipers having high strength and absorbency |
AU695610B2 (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1998-08-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | A calendered multi-ply cellulosic product useful as a wiper or towel |
FR2715175B1 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 2000-05-26 | Kimberly Clark Co | Method of manufacturing a sheet of paper fabric air-dried, non-creped and flexible. |
CA2142805C (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1999-06-01 | Greg Arthur Wendt | Method of making soft tissue products |
CA2134594A1 (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1995-10-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for making soft tissue products |
WO1996021768A1 (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1996-07-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Smooth, through air dried tissue and process of making |
ES2137660T3 (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1999-12-16 | Procter & Gamble | HIGH DENSITY TISSUE PAPER AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE. |
US6551453B2 (en) | 1995-01-10 | 2003-04-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Smooth, through air dried tissue and process of making |
US6821386B2 (en) | 1995-01-10 | 2004-11-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Smooth, micropeak-containing through air dried tissue |
US5493790A (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1996-02-27 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Sheet transfer apparatus |
US6187137B1 (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2001-02-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of producing low density resilient webs |
US6447640B1 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2002-09-10 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Impingement air dry process for making absorbent sheet |
ITFI20040102A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-07-29 | Guglielmo Biagiotti | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TISSUE PAPER |
ITFI20050218A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2007-04-21 | Guglielmo Biagiotti | IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TISSUE PAPERS AND PAPER VEIL FROM THESE DERIVATIVES |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3844880A (en) * | 1971-01-21 | 1974-10-29 | Scott Paper Co | Sequential addition of a cationic debonder, resin and deposition aid to a cellulosic fibrous slurry |
US3817827A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1974-06-18 | Scott Paper Co | Soft absorbent fibrous webs containing elastomeric bonding material and formed by creping and embossing |
US4093765A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1978-06-06 | Scott Paper Company | Soft absorbent fibrous web and disposable diaper including same |
US4236963A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1980-12-02 | Beloit Corporation | Apparatus for texturing untextured dry tissue web |
US4492044A (en) * | 1983-08-19 | 1985-01-08 | Boise Cascade Corporation | Pocket ventilation roll baffle assembly |
-
1989
- 1989-05-16 ZA ZA893657A patent/ZA893657B/en unknown
- 1989-05-17 CA CA000600009A patent/CA1324909C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-17 EP EP89108866A patent/EP0342646B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-17 AT AT89108866T patent/ATE140284T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-17 ES ES89108866T patent/ES2088874T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-17 AU AU34875/89A patent/AU3487589A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-05-17 DE DE68926800T patent/DE68926800T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-17 MX MX016088A patent/MX172304B/en unknown
-
1990
- 1990-08-28 AU AU61933/90A patent/AU630499B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6827818B2 (en) | 1993-06-24 | 2004-12-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft tissue |
US6849157B2 (en) | 1993-06-24 | 2005-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft tissue |
US7156954B2 (en) | 1993-06-24 | 2007-01-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft tissue |
US7749355B2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2010-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tissue paper |
US7744723B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2010-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure product with high softness |
USRE42968E1 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2011-11-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure product with high softness |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0342646A3 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
MX172304B (en) | 1993-12-13 |
ZA893657B (en) | 1990-01-31 |
AU3487589A (en) | 1989-11-23 |
EP0342646A2 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
CA1324909C (en) | 1993-12-07 |
AU630499B2 (en) | 1992-10-29 |
ATE140284T1 (en) | 1996-07-15 |
DE68926800D1 (en) | 1996-08-14 |
AU6193390A (en) | 1990-11-29 |
ES2088874T3 (en) | 1996-10-01 |
DE68926800T2 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
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