EP0342428B1 - Device for plasma-spraying - Google Patents

Device for plasma-spraying Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0342428B1
EP0342428B1 EP89107896A EP89107896A EP0342428B1 EP 0342428 B1 EP0342428 B1 EP 0342428B1 EP 89107896 A EP89107896 A EP 89107896A EP 89107896 A EP89107896 A EP 89107896A EP 0342428 B1 EP0342428 B1 EP 0342428B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
plasma
plasma jet
annular nozzle
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89107896A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0342428A2 (en
EP0342428A3 (en
Inventor
Hartmur Dr.-Ing. Kaiser
Bodo Dipl.-Ing. Häuser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thyssen Guss AG
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Thyssen Guss AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssen Guss AG filed Critical Thyssen Guss AG
Priority to AT89107896T priority Critical patent/ATE101781T1/en
Publication of EP0342428A2 publication Critical patent/EP0342428A2/en
Publication of EP0342428A3 publication Critical patent/EP0342428A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0342428B1 publication Critical patent/EP0342428B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/341—Arrangements for providing coaxial protecting fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for carrying out the plasma spraying process under difficult conditions, in which an annular nozzle with a defined annular gap, through which water is pressed, is arranged around the outlet opening of the anode from which the plasma jet emerges.
  • a device for carrying out the plasma spraying process in which an annular nozzle with a defined annular gap is arranged around the access opening of the anode from which the plasma jet emerges, through which water is pressed.
  • this device has the disadvantage that it does not work under difficult conditions.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device for carrying out the plasma spraying process under difficult conditions, in particular enabling the processing of materials which could previously only be processed in an experiment.
  • the solution to the problem is that the outer side (2o) of the ring nozzle outlet (18) facing away from the plasma jet (14) is longer than the inner ring nozzle wall (21), the water has a pressure of at least 6 bar and the diameter of the ring nozzle outlet ( 18) is at least five times the plasma jet diameter, which creates a water jacket around the plasma jet.
  • the temperature of the water emerging from the ring nozzle which expediently has a pH of 7 and a total hardness of 3 ° German total hardness, is advantageously approximately 32 ° C.
  • the advantage of the device according to the invention is that the absolutely dense water jacket, even at very high powder speeds in the plasma jet and using very pure gases, can create conditions similar to those in a vacuum chamber for flame spraying.
  • the tight sealing of the water jacket creates a cavern and the high velocities of the gases cause the water jacket to constrict on the water surface, so that materials with an affinity for oxygen can also be processed.
  • the water also binds the spray powder losses and it does not allow harmful radiation for the operating personnel to escape and the sound source is covered by the dense water jacket.
  • an example of an embodiment of the plasma spray gun 11 according to the invention is shown with partial sections, the plasma spray gun 11 carrying an anode 12 on the front, from whose outlet opening 13 the plasma jet 14 emerges and strikes the workpiece 15.
  • An annular nozzle 16 with a defined annular gap 17 is arranged around the anode 12.
  • the size of the annular gap 17 is not critical, but only has to be set in such a way that from the front end 18 of the ring nozzle 16 a coherent water jet or water jacket 19 emerges.
  • the outer side 2o of the ring nozzle 16 facing away from the plasma jet is longer than the inner nozzle wall 21.
  • the front end 18 of the ring nozzle 16, which represents the ring nozzle exit, is between 50 and 100 mm from the plasma jet exit 13 from the anode 12 removed.
  • the annular gap 17 at the gun-side end of the annular nozzle 16 is connected to four inlet openings 22 distributed uniformly over the circumference of the annular nozzle 16.
  • the diameter of the ring nozzle outlet 18 is at least five times the diameter of the plasma jet 14 and the water has a temperature of 32 ° C. and a pH of 7 and 3 ° German total hardness. These values can also be changed according to the material of the wettable powder.
  • the water jacket supports the optimal temperature setting of the workpiece surface 15 to be coated in order to largely use the specific binding mechanisms during plasma spraying.
  • the water jacket striking the workpiece 15 ensures uniform heat dissipation around the point of impact of the molten powder particles and largely prevents the surface of the workpiece 15 from being oxidized by the high temperature load on the plasma jet.
  • the device according to the invention also readily permits a high workpiece temperature for special materials without the surface being oxidized.
  • the situation is comparable to that of vacuum plasma spraying, because the water hitting the hot workpiece surface evaporates immediately and has no influence on the protective layer to be applied.
  • the high speed of the plasma jet and the associated constricting effect of the water jacket at the point of impact of the melted powder particles ensure a uniform, dense layer application.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for carrying out the plasma spraying method under difficult conditions, in which there is arranged at the exit opening (13) of the anode (12) from which the plasma stream (14) emerges a ring nozzle (16) having a defined ring gap (17), through which water is forced at at least 6 bar, and the diameter of the ring nozzle exit (18) is at least five times the diameter of the plasma stream, resulting in a water jacket (19) around the plasma stream (14). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Plasmaspritzverfahrens unter erschwerten Bedingungen, bei dem um die Austrittsöffnung der Anode, aus der der Plasmastrahl austritt, eine Ringdüse mit definiertem Ringspalt angeordnet ist, durch die Wasser gedrückt wird.The invention relates to a device for carrying out the plasma spraying process under difficult conditions, in which an annular nozzle with a defined annular gap, through which water is pressed, is arranged around the outlet opening of the anode from which the plasma jet emerges.

Aus der FR-A-2 389 296 ist eine Vorrichtung bekannt zur Durchführung des Plasmaspritzverfahrens , bei dem um die Autrittsöffnung der Anode, aus der der Plasmastrahl austritt, eine Ringdüse mit definiertem Ringspalt angeordnet ist, durch die Wasser gedrückt wird. Diese Vorrichtung besitzt aber den Nachteil, dass es nicht unter erschwerten Bedingungen funktioniert.From FR-A-2 389 296 a device is known for carrying out the plasma spraying process in which an annular nozzle with a defined annular gap is arranged around the access opening of the anode from which the plasma jet emerges, through which water is pressed. However, this device has the disadvantage that it does not work under difficult conditions.

Beim atmosphärischen Plasmaspritzen wird ein gasförmiger Schutzmantel aufgebaut, der aus einer ringförmigen Düse vor der Frontseite der Plasmapistole austritt und auf das zu bearbeitende Werkstück gerichtet ist. Der Nachteil besteht jedoch darin, dass das austretende Gas für den Schutzmantel mit der umgebenden Atmosphäre verwirbelt, wodurch es zu Reaktionen mit den schmelzflüssigen Pulverpartikeln im Plasmastrahl kommt. Dies ist insbesondere bei sauerstoffempfindlichen Materialien der Fall. Die Grenze der zu verwendenden Beschichtungswerkstoffe für das Gasmantelspritzverfahren ist durch die Reaktionszeit der Elemente der umgebenden Atmosphäre mit dem schmelzflüssigen Werkstoff gegeben, das heisst durch einen metallographischen Schliff und dessen Untersuchung kann die unerwünschte Phasenbildung festgestellt werden. Darüberhinaus hat das konventionelle atmosphärische Plasmaspritzen insbesondere in Bezug auf die Arbeitsplatz- und Umweltverträglichkeit erhebliche Nachteile. Die hohen Temperaturen bis ca 2o.ooo°C bewirken eine starke Strahlung, sodass nur mit entsprechendem Körperschutz gearbeitet werden darf. Der Lärmpegel liegt aufgrund der hohen Plasmageschwindigkeit bei ca 12o dBa, das heisst es muss in einer Schallkabine gearbeitet werden und das Personal steht ausserhalb der Kabine oder das Personal muss Ohrenschützer tragen. Darüberhinaus entstehen verfahrensbedingt Spritzpulververluste, die durch eine aufwendige Absaugung nach den Richtlinien der TA-Luft entsorgt werden müssen.In the case of atmospheric plasma spraying, a gaseous protective jacket is built up, which emerges from an annular nozzle in front of the front of the plasma gun and is aimed at the workpiece to be machined. The disadvantage, however, is that the escaping gas for the protective jacket swirls with the surrounding atmosphere, which leads to reactions with the molten powder particles in the plasma jet. This is particularly the case with oxygen sensitive materials. The limit of the coating materials to be used for the gas jacket spraying process is given by the reaction time of the elements of the surrounding atmosphere with the molten material, i.e. by means of a metallographic cut and its examination, the undesired phase formation can be determined. In addition, conventional atmospheric plasma spraying has considerable disadvantages, particularly with regard to workplace and environmental compatibility. The high temperatures up to approx. 2o.ooo ° C cause strong radiation, so that only with appropriate body protection may be used. Due to the high plasma speed, the noise level is around 12o dBa, which means that you have to work in a sound booth and the staff is outside the booth or the staff must wear ear muffs. In addition, there are process-related losses of wettable powder, which must be disposed of by means of a complex extraction system in accordance with the guidelines of TA-Luft.

Der vorliegende Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Plasmaspritzverfahrens unter erschwerten Bedingungen zu schaffen, insbesondere die Verarbeitung von Werkstoffen zu ermöglichen, die bisher nur im Versuch verarbeitet werden konnten.The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device for carrying out the plasma spraying process under difficult conditions, in particular enabling the processing of materials which could previously only be processed in an experiment.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe besteht darin, dass die äussere vom Plasmastrahl (14) abgewandte Seite (2o) des Ringdüsenaustritts (18) länger als die innere Ringdüsenwand (21) ist, das Wasser mindestens einen Druck von 6 bar hat und der Durchmesser des Ringdüsenaustritts (18) mindestens das fünffache des Plasmastrahldurchmessers beträgt, wodurch um den Plasmastrahl ein Wassermantel entsteht.The solution to the problem is that the outer side (2o) of the ring nozzle outlet (18) facing away from the plasma jet (14) is longer than the inner ring nozzle wall (21), the water has a pressure of at least 6 bar and the diameter of the ring nozzle outlet ( 18) is at least five times the plasma jet diameter, which creates a water jacket around the plasma jet.

Vorteilhaft beträgt die Temperatur des aus der Ringdüse austretenden Wassers, das zweckmässig einen pH von 7 und eine Gesamthärte von 3° Deutsche Gesamthärte besitzt, etwa 32 °C.The temperature of the water emerging from the ring nozzle, which expediently has a pH of 7 and a total hardness of 3 ° German total hardness, is advantageously approximately 32 ° C.

Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung besteht darin, dass durch den absolut dichten Wassermantel auch bei sehr hohen Pulvergeschwindigkeiten im Plasmastrahl und unter Verwendung sehr reiner Gase ähnliche Verhältnisse wie in einer Vakuumkammer zum Flammspritzen geschaffen werden können. Durch den dichten Abschluss des Wassermantels entsteht quasi eine Kaverne und die hohen Geschwindigkeiten der Gase führen zu einem Einschnüren des Wassermantels auf der Wasseroberfläche, sodass auch sauerstoffaffine Werkstoffe verarbeitet werden können.The advantage of the device according to the invention is that the absolutely dense water jacket, even at very high powder speeds in the plasma jet and using very pure gases, can create conditions similar to those in a vacuum chamber for flame spraying. The tight sealing of the water jacket creates a cavern and the high velocities of the gases cause the water jacket to constrict on the water surface, so that materials with an affinity for oxygen can also be processed.

Das Wasser bindet darüberhinaus die Spritzpulververluste und es lässt keine schädliche Strahlung für das Bedienungspersonal nach aussen treten und die Schallquelle ist durch den dichten Wassermantel abgedeckt.The water also binds the spray powder losses and it does not allow harmful radiation for the operating personnel to escape and the sound source is covered by the dense water jacket.

In der Zeichnung ist eine beispielsweise Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Plasmaspritzpistole 11 mit teilweisen Schnitten dargestellt, wobei die Plasmaspritzpistole 11 an der Vorderseite eine Anode 12 trägt, aus deren Austrittsöffnung 13 der Plasmastrahl 14 austritt und auf das Werkstück 15 auftrifft. Um die Anode 12 ist eine Ringdüse 16 mit einem definierten Ringspalt 17 angeordnet. Die Grösse des Ringspalts 17 ist nicht kritisch, sondern muss nur so eingestellt sein, dass aus dem vorderen Ende 18 der Ringdüse 16 ein zusammenhängender Wasserstrahl oder Wassermantel 19 austritt. Zur Erleichterung der Bildung des Wassermantels 19 ist die äussere vom Plasmastrahl abgewandte Seite 2o der Ringdüse 16 länger als die innere Düsenwand 21. Das vordere Ende 18 der Ringdüse 16, welche den Ringdüsenaustritt darstellt, ist zwischen 5o und 1oo mm vom Plasmastrahlaustritt 13 aus der Anode 12 entfernt. UIn the drawing, an example of an embodiment of the plasma spray gun 11 according to the invention is shown with partial sections, the plasma spray gun 11 carrying an anode 12 on the front, from whose outlet opening 13 the plasma jet 14 emerges and strikes the workpiece 15. An annular nozzle 16 with a defined annular gap 17 is arranged around the anode 12. The size of the annular gap 17 is not critical, but only has to be set in such a way that from the front end 18 of the ring nozzle 16 a coherent water jet or water jacket 19 emerges. To facilitate the formation of the water jacket 19, the outer side 2o of the ring nozzle 16 facing away from the plasma jet is longer than the inner nozzle wall 21. The front end 18 of the ring nozzle 16, which represents the ring nozzle exit, is between 50 and 100 mm from the plasma jet exit 13 from the anode 12 removed. U

Um einen möglichst gleichmässigen Wassermantel 19 zu erhalten, ist der Ringspalt 17 am pistolenseitigen Ende der Ringdüse 16 mit vier gleichmässig über den Umfang der Ringdüse 16 verteilten Einlassöffnungen 22 verbunden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich mehr oder weniger Einlassöffnungen 22 vorzusehen, was teilweise auch von dem zur Verfügung stehenden Wasserdruck abhängt.In order to obtain a water jacket 19 which is as uniform as possible, the annular gap 17 at the gun-side end of the annular nozzle 16 is connected to four inlet openings 22 distributed uniformly over the circumference of the annular nozzle 16. However, it is also possible to provide more or fewer inlet openings 22, which in part also depends on the available water pressure.

Die besten Ergebnisse werden erhalten, wenn der Durchmesser des Ringdüsenaustritts 18 mindestens das fünffache des Durchmessers des Plasmastrahls 14 beträgt und das Wasser eine Temperatur von 32 °C sowie eine pH von 7 und 3° Deutsche Gesamthärte besitzt. Diese Werte können aber auch dem Material des Spritzpulvers entsprechend verändert werden.The best results are obtained when the diameter of the ring nozzle outlet 18 is at least five times the diameter of the plasma jet 14 and the water has a temperature of 32 ° C. and a pH of 7 and 3 ° German total hardness. These values can also be changed according to the material of the wettable powder.

Der Wassermantel unterstützt die optimale Temperatureinstellung der zu beschichtenden Werkstückoberfläche 15, um die spezifischen Bindemechanismen beim Plasmaspritzen weitgehend zu nutzen. Durch den auf das Werkstück 15 auftreffenden Wassermantel wird eine gleichmässige Wärmeabfuhr rund um den Auftreffpunkt der schmelzflüssigen Pulverpartikel gewährleistet und eine Oxydation der Oberfläche des Werkstücks 15 durch die hohe Temperaturbelastung des Plasmastrahls wird weitgehend vermieden.The water jacket supports the optimal temperature setting of the workpiece surface 15 to be coated in order to largely use the specific binding mechanisms during plasma spraying. The water jacket striking the workpiece 15 ensures uniform heat dissipation around the point of impact of the molten powder particles and largely prevents the surface of the workpiece 15 from being oxidized by the high temperature load on the plasma jet.

Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung erlaubt auch ohne weiteres eine hohe Werkstücktemperatur bei besonderen Werkstoffen, ohne dass eine Oxydation der Oberfläche eintritt. Die Verhältnisse sind somit dem dem Vakuum-Plasmaspritzen vergleichbar, denn das auf die heisse Werkstückoberfläche auftreffende Wasser verdampft sofort und hat keinen Einfluss auf die aufzubringende Schutzschicht. Die hohe Geschwindigkeit des Plasmastrahls und der damit verbundene Einschnüreffekt des Wassermantels an der Auftreffstelle der aufgeschmolzenen Pulverpartikel sorgen für einen gleichmässigen, dichten Schichtauftrag.The device according to the invention also readily permits a high workpiece temperature for special materials without the surface being oxidized. The situation is comparable to that of vacuum plasma spraying, because the water hitting the hot workpiece surface evaporates immediately and has no influence on the protective layer to be applied. The high speed of the plasma jet and the associated constricting effect of the water jacket at the point of impact of the melted powder particles ensure a uniform, dense layer application.

Claims (4)

  1. Appliance for carrying out the plasma spray method under difficult conditions, in which an annular nozzle (16) with a defined annular gap (17) is arranged around the outlet opening (13) of the anode (12) from which the plasma jet emerges, water being forced through the annular nozzle (16), characterized in that the outer side (20), facing away from the plasma jet (14), of the annular nozzle outlet (18) is longer than the inner annular nozzle wall (21), in that the water has a pressure of at least 6 bar and in that the diameter of the annular nozzle (18) is at least equal to five times the plasma jet diameter, so that there is a water shroud around the plasma jet.
  2. Appliance according to Claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the water shroud (19) is approximately 32 °C.
  3. Appliance according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water of the water shroud (19) has a pH of 7 and at least 3° German total hardness.
  4. Appliance according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the annular nozzle outlet (18) is at a distance of between 50 and 100 mm from the plasma jet outlet (13) from the anode (12).
EP89107896A 1988-05-16 1989-05-02 Device for plasma-spraying Expired - Lifetime EP0342428B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89107896T ATE101781T1 (en) 1988-05-16 1989-05-02 DEVICE FOR PLASMA SPRAYING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3816585A DE3816585A1 (en) 1988-05-16 1988-05-16 DEVICE FOR PLASMA SPRAYING
DE3816585 1988-05-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0342428A2 EP0342428A2 (en) 1989-11-23
EP0342428A3 EP0342428A3 (en) 1989-12-27
EP0342428B1 true EP0342428B1 (en) 1994-02-16

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EP89107896A Expired - Lifetime EP0342428B1 (en) 1988-05-16 1989-05-02 Device for plasma-spraying

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EP (1) EP0342428B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE101781T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3816585A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9580787B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2017-02-28 Eckart Gmbh Coating method using special powdered coating materials and use of such coating materials

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011052120A1 (en) 2011-07-25 2013-01-31 Eckart Gmbh Use of specially coated, powdery coating materials and coating methods using such coating materials
DE102011052119A1 (en) 2011-07-25 2013-01-31 Eckart Gmbh Coating method of particle-containing powdery coating material used for automobile component, involves performing flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and/or non-thermal plasma spraying method
JP2014527575A (en) 2011-07-25 2014-10-16 エッカルト ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングＥｃｋａｒｔ ＧｍｂＨ Methods for substrate coating and use of additive-containing powdered coating materials in such methods
EP2959992A1 (en) 2014-06-26 2015-12-30 Eckart GmbH Method for producing a particulate-containing aerosol

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3179783A (en) * 1962-06-20 1965-04-20 Giannini Scient Corp Method and apparatus for treating electrically-conductive surfaces to make them hardor corrosion resistant
US4121082A (en) * 1977-04-27 1978-10-17 Metco, Inc. Method and apparatus for shielding the effluent from plasma spray gun assemblies
US4672171A (en) * 1985-03-21 1987-06-09 United Centrifugal Pumps Plasma transfer welded arc torch
SE447461B (en) * 1985-04-25 1986-11-17 Npk Za Kontrolno Zavaratschni COMPOSITION NOZZLE COVER
CA1261927A (en) * 1985-11-25 1989-09-26 Hypertherm, Inc. Underwater and above-water plasma arc cutting torch and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9580787B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2017-02-28 Eckart Gmbh Coating method using special powdered coating materials and use of such coating materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0342428A2 (en) 1989-11-23
ATE101781T1 (en) 1994-03-15
DE3816585A1 (en) 1989-11-23
DE58906964D1 (en) 1994-03-24
EP0342428A3 (en) 1989-12-27

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