EP0342155A2 - Laboratory device for optional heating and cooling - Google Patents

Laboratory device for optional heating and cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0342155A2
EP0342155A2 EP89810324A EP89810324A EP0342155A2 EP 0342155 A2 EP0342155 A2 EP 0342155A2 EP 89810324 A EP89810324 A EP 89810324A EP 89810324 A EP89810324 A EP 89810324A EP 0342155 A2 EP0342155 A2 EP 0342155A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laboratory device
cooling
heating
peltier elements
laboratory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP89810324A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0342155A3 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Christian Dr. Ing. Agr. Knopf
Josef E. Jun. Sieber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seyffer and Co
Original Assignee
AGROGEN-STIFTUNG
Knopf Ulrich C Dr
Seyffer and Co
AGROGEN STIFTUNG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH1918/88A external-priority patent/CH676332A5/en
Priority claimed from CH151989A external-priority patent/CH679282A5/en
Application filed by AGROGEN-STIFTUNG, Knopf Ulrich C Dr, Seyffer and Co, AGROGEN STIFTUNG filed Critical AGROGEN-STIFTUNG
Publication of EP0342155A2 publication Critical patent/EP0342155A2/en
Publication of EP0342155A3 publication Critical patent/EP0342155A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F25B21/04—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect reversible

Definitions

  • thermostated liquid baths especially water baths. They consist of a larger vessel, usually of a few liters, which is equipped with an electric heating device, a stirrer and often also with a circulation pump.
  • the heating device can be controlled by a temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the moved or circulated liquid can be kept at a certain, preset value.
  • a cooling device is also offered for such liquid baths, which makes it possible to keep the liquid temperature below the ambient temperature. This means that the liquid bath can be used as a cryostat in this case.
  • Conventional refrigerators operating on the compression or adsorption principle are used as cooling devices for such cryostats.
  • Such liquid baths which can be kept at a constant temperature by means of heating or cooling, are suitable for many laboratory tasks and are practical to use. They are suitable for the thermostatting of samples in vessels that are placed directly in the liquid bath, as well as for external heating or cooling of samples using liquid circulation.
  • electric heating plates are often also offered, which can also be equipped with a temperature sensor and a thermostat. They are also known in the trade available laboratory hot plates, in which a motor-driven rotating permanent magnet is also installed. This means that a liquid sample on the heating plate can be stirred at the same time by means of a magnetic rod immersed in the liquid.
  • the ice commonly used for cooling in the biological laboratory has many disadvantages: it has to be constantly renewed and requires a large and relatively expensive machine to be available. It is also not easy to keep sterile, and its handling is also impractical in many cases, for example for cooling the flat petri dishes.
  • Another disadvantage of ice as the coolant is due to its constant temperature of 0 o C. Lower temperatures can be reached by adding salt, but programming temperature changes here is also difficult due to the constant temperature of the coolant.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a handy device with which material and liquid samples can be heated and cooled or guided through predetermined temperature cycles in a small space and energy requirement, and which is specifically designed for the needs of biological, biochemical and genetic Laboratory is designed.
  • the device is designed in such a way that temperature cycles, some of which are above and some below room temperature, can also be carried out without any problems.
  • the device also requires very little space and is easy to keep sterile. It can be equipped with the necessary devices for stirring the samples or, due to its low weight and small dimensions, can even be accommodated on a conventional shaker.
  • the separation of the device into a working part on the one hand and a power and control part on the other hand proves to be a special advantage.
  • the working part of the device according to the invention essentially consists of a block (1) made of highly thermally conductive metal, preferably aluminum or stainless steel, which can be electrically heated and cooled with a flat work surface (2), on which either a vessel with the sample is placed, or - in another embodiment - a work module (14), also made of highly heat-conducting metal, with one or preferably several suitable recesses (15) for the sample vessels can.
  • a block (1) made of highly thermally conductive metal, preferably aluminum or stainless steel, which can be electrically heated and cooled with a flat work surface (2), on which either a vessel with the sample is placed, or - in another embodiment - a work module (14), also made of highly heat-conducting metal, with one or preferably several suitable recesses (15) for the sample vessels can.
  • one or more Peltier elements (5) whose thermally active pole faces (6) and (7) are in thermal contact with the metal block (1) and on the other hand stand with a heat exchanger (8).
  • a heat exchanger (8) There is an insulation layer (9) between the metal block (1) and the heat exchanger.
  • the metal block is surrounded by another insulation layer (10) along its edge.
  • the Peltier elements (5) consist of block-shaped blocks in which a large number of semiconductor pairs in a parallel arrangement and electrically connected in series are compactly combined. Such Peltier blocks heat up during the passage of a direct current on one surface and cool down accordingly on the opposite surface. By reversing the direction of the current, the heating and cooling surfaces can be interchanged with one another.
  • the bidding cooling or warming surfaces are referred to below as thermal pole surfaces.
  • the current direction is selected such that the upper thermal pole surfaces (6) of the Peltier elements heat up and the counter surfaces (7) cool down.
  • the heat given off is transferred to the metal block (1), on the surface (2) of which the samples to be heated, respectively.
  • the work modules holding the sample vessels are provided; the cooling of the lower surfaces (7) is transferred to the heat exchanger (8).
  • Peltier elements can be used as required. If these, electrically connected in parallel, are arranged in a single layer, the thermal output multiplies according to the number of elements used; the achievable temperature difference between the pole faces, which is essentially limited by the internal conductivity of the Peltier elements, remains unaffected. However, it is also possible to arrange the Peltier elements in two or more layers lying vertically one above the other, the opposite thermal pole faces of two Peltier elements lying one above the other being in contact with one another. These directly superimposed elements are thus thermally connected in series, and the achievable temperature difference between those with the metal block. The outer pole faces in contact with the heat exchanger can thereby be enlarged. Of course, if a larger number of Peltier elements are used, parallel and series connection can also be used simultaneously.
  • the heat exchanger consists of a metal block which is traversed by a system of channels through which a coolant, e.g. Water is circulated.
  • a coolant e.g. Water
  • the heat exchanger consists of a metal block, the outer surface of which is kept particularly large in the form of ribs. A rapid heat exchange with the surrounding air can be achieved by blowing on by means of an air flow generated by a fan (13). The temperature difference between the warm and the cold surface of the Peltier elements is always kept as small as possible, and the efficiency is optimized.
  • the current direction is reversed so that the upper surface (6) of the Peltier elements cools down and the lower surface (7) heats up.
  • the metal block (1) is thereby cooled; the one at the bottom Area (7) of the the heat emitted by the Peltier elements is transferred to the heat exchanger (8) and is dissipated from there to the environment.
  • the heatable and coolable working part with the metal block (1) is also replaced by additional interchangeable working modules (14, 17) in the form of metal blocks with openings (15) for the insertion of entire series of sample vessels, e.g. Glasses, ampoules, tubes or thin straws, so-called “straws” added.
  • sample vessels e.g. Glasses, ampoules, tubes or thin straws, so-called "straws" added.
  • Such block-shaped modules for different types of vessels are simply placed on the work surface (2) or, if necessary, screwed on, care being taken to ensure good thermal contact by precise surface treatment.
  • the outer surfaces of the modules that are not in contact with the working surface (2) of the metal block (1) are thermally insulated.
  • the interchangeable work module consists of a rectangular open trough (33) with a footplate (34) projecting laterally from it, which is used for heat exchange with the work table (2).
  • Tub and footplate can be made in one piece; the floor surface of the latter must be machined as precisely as possible for good contact with the work table (2).
  • the module can either be simply attached or screwed to the table of the heating and cooling device.
  • the tub of the work module can be filled with a liquid into which the sample vessels are inserted.
  • the pan is either covered with a grid or a lid with matching holes for inserting the vessels.
  • the trough is filled with a solid in particle form (40), for example in powder, granule or spherical form.
  • a solid in particle form 40
  • graphite powder or a filling of balls with a maximum diameter of approx. 5 mm made of metal or glass is suitable.
  • Such a solid filling can hold the sample vessels in any position; there is no need for a special tub cover with holding device.
  • the cavities It is also possible to fill up with a liquid between the solid particles, which can further improve the heat transfer.
  • the open trough serves to hold interchangeable inserts (43, 45) made of metal, which in turn are provided with openings (42, 44) for holding the sample vessels.
  • inserts In order to facilitate heat transfer, the inserts must of course be fitted into the tub with as little tolerance as possible; the same applies to fitting the sample vessels into the openings intended for them.
  • Handle screws (52) which can be screwed into the holes provided in the inserts, are used for easy insertion and removal of the tightly fitting inserts from the tub.
  • a heat-insulating cover (4) is used, which can also be provided with a sealing ring (49) for the purpose of good sealing and can be screwed to the trough.
  • the screws (47) for fastening the cover are expediently designed to be identical and interchangeable with the aforementioned grip screws for the inserts.
  • a module to be placed on the work surface consists of a metal block (17) which is equipped with internal channels (18) through which a liquid is circulated by means of a pump.
  • This liquid is either the sample itself, or e.g. Water or alcohol for use in external heat exchange.
  • a separate supply and control part (32) is provided, which is connected to the implement via the connection socket (27), in which on the one hand a clocked power supply unit (20) for supplying the supply direct current and on the other hand one of one Control electronics (21) influenced by temperature sensors are installed, by means of which a preset temperature is sought.
  • a clocked power supply unit (20) for supplying the supply direct current and on the other hand one of one Control electronics (21) influenced by temperature sensors are installed, by means of which a preset temperature is sought.
  • the clocked power supply used for the DC power supply to the Peltier elements chops the AC power of the network at a high frequency and then transforms it to a low voltage.
  • the low-voltage alternating current is finally rectified and smoothed and is then available as a feed current for the Peltier elements (5).
  • This type of supply allows the construction of a small and light device with optimal efficiency, which only produces a small amount of unwanted waste heat.
  • the control unit also contains a display device (22) on which either the set temperature, or the actual temperature of either the work block or, after switching by means of the switch (33), the sample itself can be read.
  • the signals for this are supplied by appropriate temperature probes: a probe built into the metal block (1) for the temperature of the work surface and an external probe (11) connected to the supply and control unit via the connection socket (27) for measuring the sample temperature.
  • the device is usually powered by the AC network. However, it is also possible to supply the device with a corresponding connection (29) with direct current, for example from a car battery with 12 V voltage. As a result, the device, which is already handy, is also particularly suitable for mobile work, for example in a car, on the train or even in an aircraft or spacecraft.
  • the separation of the working section from the supply and control section offers special advantages wherever the heating and cooling device has to be housed in a confined space or where the heat loss developed at the supply device is undesirable in the vicinity of the sample.

Abstract

The invention relates to a handy laboratory device for optional heating or cooling of samples. The thermal element used is a block of one or more Peltier elements, which can be used for cooling or heating by reversing the direction of flow as desired. One pole of the Peltier elements is in thermal contact with a metal block; the opposite pole is thermally connected to a heat exchanger. The metal block, provided with a horizontal working surface which can be heated or cooled, is separated by an insulation layer from the heat exchanger and also protected by an insulation jacket on its outer surfaces which are not used. The containers with the samples which are to be heated or cooled can, if appropriate, also be accommodated in exchangeable working modules which are provided with matched openings and which have a flat contact surface which is to be placed upon the working surface. …<??>The device consists of three mutually separate parts, namely the actual heating and cooling block, the modules for taking the sample containers and the electrical feed and control unit. The latter includes a switched-mode power supply unit for feeding the Peltier elements and an electronic control section which can be connected, if desired, to a microcomputer for the programming of temperature cycles. …<??>The heating and cooling device is suitable on the one hand for work in a biological, biochemical and genetic laboratory, where temperature cycles frequently have to be operated which are partially above and partially below room temperature, and on the other hand also outside the laboratory, for example for work on or transport of temperature-labile samples in mobile units such as, for example, in cars, railways and aircraft. …<IMAGE>…

Description

Im biochemischen und biologischen oder genetischen Laboratorium wird man oft vor die Aufgabe gestellt, kleinere Mengen von Materialien auf eine bestimmte Temperatur zu bringen und während kürzerer oder längerer Zeit zu halten. Geräte für diese Aufgabe sind bekannt und überall im Handel erhältlich. Allgemein bekannt sind z.B. thermostatierte Flüs­sigkeitsbäder, insbesondere Wasserbäder. Sie bestehen aus einem grösseren Gefäss, meist von einigen Litern Inhalt, das mit einer elektrischen Heizvorrichtung, einem Rührer und oftmals auch mit einer Umwälzpumpe versehen ist. Durch einen Temperaturfühler kann die Heizvorrichtung gesteuert werden, so dass die Temperatur der bewegten oder umgewälzten Flüssigkeit auf einem bestimmten, voreingestellten Wert gehalten werden kann. In gewissen Fällen wird für solche Flüssigkeitsbäder auch eine Kühlvorrichtung angeboten, die es erlaubt, die Flüssigkeitstemperatur auch unterhalb der Umgebungstemperatur zu halten. Das heisst, dass das Flüssigkeitsbad in diesem Fall als Kryostat verwendet werden kann. Als Kühlvorrichtungen für solche Kryostaten werden konventionelle, nach dem Kompressions- oder Adsorptions­prinzip arbeitende Kälteerzeuger verwendet.In the biochemical and biological or genetic laboratory, one is often faced with the task of bringing smaller amounts of materials to a certain temperature and keeping them for a shorter or longer period. Devices for this task are known and are commercially available everywhere. Commonly known are e.g. thermostated liquid baths, especially water baths. They consist of a larger vessel, usually of a few liters, which is equipped with an electric heating device, a stirrer and often also with a circulation pump. The heating device can be controlled by a temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the moved or circulated liquid can be kept at a certain, preset value. In certain cases, a cooling device is also offered for such liquid baths, which makes it possible to keep the liquid temperature below the ambient temperature. This means that the liquid bath can be used as a cryostat in this case. Conventional refrigerators operating on the compression or adsorption principle are used as cooling devices for such cryostats.

Solche Flüssigkeitsbäder, die mittels Heizung oder Kühlung auf konstanter Temperatur gehalten werden können, sind für viele Laboratoriumsaufgaben geeignet und praktisch zu handhaben. Sie eignen sich sowohl für die Thermostatierung von Proben in Gefässen, die direkt ins Flüssigkeitsbad ge­stellt werden, als auch für das externe Heizen oder Kühlen von Proben mittels Flüssigkeitsumwälzung.Such liquid baths, which can be kept at a constant temperature by means of heating or cooling, are suitable for many laboratory tasks and are practical to use. They are suitable for the thermostatting of samples in vessels that are placed directly in the liquid bath, as well as for external heating or cooling of samples using liquid circulation.

Für das Erwärmen von kleineren oder grösseren Proben, insbesondere Flüssigkeitsproben, werden oftmals auch elektrische Heizplatten angeboten, die ebenfalls mit einem Temperaturfühler und einer Thermostatiervorrichtung ausgestattet werden können. Bekannt sind auch die im Handel erhältlichen Laboratoriums-Heizplatten, in denen zusätzlich ein motorgetriebener rotierender Permanentmagnet eingebaut ist. Damit kann eine auf der Heizplatte befindliche Flüssigkeitsprobe mittels eines in die Flüssigkeit eingetauchten Magnetstabs gleichzeitig noch umgerührt werden.For the heating of smaller or larger samples, in particular liquid samples, electric heating plates are often also offered, which can also be equipped with a temperature sensor and a thermostat. They are also known in the trade available laboratory hot plates, in which a motor-driven rotating permanent magnet is also installed. This means that a liquid sample on the heating plate can be stirred at the same time by means of a magnetic rod immersed in the liquid.

Die oben beschriebenen Laboratoriumsthermostaten bezw. -kryostaten mit gerührtem oder umgewälztem Flüssig­keitsbad besitzen den Nachteil, dass sie relativ schwer sind, viel Platz und - im Verhältnis zum effektiven Bedarf - auch viel Energie beanspruchen. Die im Handel erhältlichen Heizplatten, mit und ohne zusätzliche Rührvorrichtung, eignen sich naturgemäss nur für den Fall, in welchem die angestrebte Temperatur einer Probe oberhalb der umgebenden Raumtemperatur liegt.The laboratory thermostats described above. Cryostats with a stirred or circulated liquid bath have the disadvantage that they are relatively heavy, take up a lot of space and - in relation to the actual requirement - also require a lot of energy. The commercially available heating plates, with and without an additional stirring device, are of course only suitable for the case in which the desired temperature of a sample is above the ambient room temperature.

Gerade für das biochemische, biologische und genetische Laboratorium wird aber, z.B. beim Arbeiten mit lebenden Zellen oder Zellbestandteilen wie Protoplasten oder Zellkernen sowie mit lebenden Geweben, Embryonen und Organen oftmals die Durchführung eines Temperaturzyklus verlangt, der teilweise oberhalb und teilweise unterhalb der Raumtemperatur verläuft. Im Vergleich zur chemischen oder physikalischen Laboratoriumspraxis liegen dabei die einzuhaltenden Temperaturen im allgemeinen verhältnismässig wenig über oder unter der Raumtemperatur. Der typische Tempe­raturbereich für das Arbeiten im biologischen oder biochemischen Laboratorium liegt etwa zwischen -5 und +60oC.However, especially for the biochemical, biological and genetic laboratory, for example when working with living cells or cell components such as protoplasts or cell nuclei as well as with living tissues, embryos and organs, it is often necessary to carry out a temperature cycle that partly runs above and partly below room temperature. In comparison to chemical or physical laboratory practice, the temperatures to be observed are generally relatively little above or below room temperature. The typical temperature range for working in the biological or biochemical laboratory is between -5 and +60 o C.

Die speziellen Verhältnisse im biologischen Labora­torium stellen auch in anderer Hinsicht besondere An­forderungen an die zu verwendenden Arbeitsgeräte: Häufig verwendete Arbeitsgefässe, wie z.B. die flachen Petrischalen eignen sich schlecht für die Verwendung in Flüssigkeits­bädern; der als Kälteüberträger in Kryostaten oftmals verwendete Alkohol ist wegen der Aktivität seiner Dämpfe im biologischen Laboratorium meist unerwünscht; eingeengte Raumverhältnisse, wie sie z.B. beim aseptischen Arbeiten in Reinluft-Kapellen gegeben sind, erfordern die Verwendung von speziell raumsparenden Geräten. Von besonderer Wichtigkeit beim Arbeiten mit biologischem, insbesondere lebendem Material ist oftmals auch die Einhaltung der Sterilität.The special conditions in the biological laboratory also place special demands on the work equipment to be used in other respects: Frequently used work vessels, such as the flat petri dishes, are poorly suited for use in liquid baths; the alcohol often used as a cold transfer agent in cryostats is mostly undesirable because of the activity of its vapors in the biological laboratory; Narrow spaces, such as those found in aseptic work in clean air chapels, require the use of specially space-saving devices. Of particular importance When working with biological, especially living material, compliance with sterility is often also required.

Das im biologischen Laboratorium zum Kühlen üblicherweise verwendete Eis besitzt viele Nachteile: Es muss dauernd erneuert werden und erfordert für seine Bereitstellung eine grosse und relativ kostspielige Maschine. Es ist zudem nicht ohne weiteres steril zu halten, und seine Handhabung ist in vielen Fällen, z.B. für das Kühlen der flachen Petrischalen auch unpraktisch. Ein weiterer Nachteil von Eis als Kühlmittel ist durch seine konstante Temperatur von 0oC bedingt. Tiefere Temperaturen können zwar durch den Zusatz von Salz erreicht werden, doch ist auch hier das Einprogrammieren von Temperaturänderungen wegen der konstanten Temperatur des Kühlmittels nur schwer durchführbar.The ice commonly used for cooling in the biological laboratory has many disadvantages: it has to be constantly renewed and requires a large and relatively expensive machine to be available. It is also not easy to keep sterile, and its handling is also impractical in many cases, for example for cooling the flat petri dishes. Another disadvantage of ice as the coolant is due to its constant temperature of 0 o C. Lower temperatures can be reached by adding salt, but programming temperature changes here is also difficult due to the constant temperature of the coolant.

Zweck der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein hand­liches Gerät zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem Material- und Flüssigkeitsproben bei geringem Platz- und Energiebedarf geheizt und gekühlt oder durch vorbestimmte Temperaturzyklen geführt werden können, und welches speziell für die Bedürfnisse des biologischen, biochemischen und genetischen Laboratoriums konzipiert ist. Insbesondere ist das Gerät so gestaltet, dass auch Temperaturzyklen, die sich teilweise über und teilweise unter der Raumtemperatur bewegen, ohne weiteres durchgeführt werden können. Das Gerät besitzt zudem einen sehr kleinen Raumbedarf und ist leicht steril zu halten. Es lässt sich mit den notwendigen Vorrichtungen zum Rühren der Proben ausstatten oder kann, wegen seines geringen Gewichtes und den kleinen Abmessungen, sogar auf einer üblichen Schüttelmaschine untergebracht werden. Die Trennung des Geräts in einen Arbeitsteil einerseits und einen Speise- und Steuerteil anderseits erweist sich dabei als besonderer Vorzug.The purpose of the present invention is to provide a handy device with which material and liquid samples can be heated and cooled or guided through predetermined temperature cycles in a small space and energy requirement, and which is specifically designed for the needs of biological, biochemical and genetic Laboratory is designed. In particular, the device is designed in such a way that temperature cycles, some of which are above and some below room temperature, can also be carried out without any problems. The device also requires very little space and is easy to keep sterile. It can be equipped with the necessary devices for stirring the samples or, due to its low weight and small dimensions, can even be accommodated on a conventional shaker. The separation of the device into a working part on the one hand and a power and control part on the other hand proves to be a special advantage.

Der Arbeitsteil des erfindungsgemässen Geräts besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Block (1) aus gut wärmeleitendem Metall, vorzugsweise Aluminium oder rostfreiem Stahl, der elektrisch beheizt und gekühlt werden kann, mit einer ebenen Arbeitsfläche (2), auf die entweder unmittelbar ein Gefäss mit der Probe, oder - in einer andern Ausführungsform - ein ebenfalls aus gut wärmeleitendem Metall bestehendes Arbeitsmodul (14) mit einer oder vorzugsweise mehreren passenden Ausnehmungen (15) für die Probengefässe aufgesetzt werden kann.The working part of the device according to the invention essentially consists of a block (1) made of highly thermally conductive metal, preferably aluminum or stainless steel, which can be electrically heated and cooled with a flat work surface (2), on which either a vessel with the sample is placed, or - in another embodiment - a work module (14), also made of highly heat-conducting metal, with one or preferably several suitable recesses (15) for the sample vessels can.

In dem als Arbeitsteil dienenden Metallblock (1) befinden sich, nahe dem Zentrum eingelassen, ein oder auch mehrere Peltierelemente (5), deren thermisch aktive Pol­flächen (6) und (7) in thermischem Kontakt, einerseits mit dem Metallblock (1), und anderseits mit einem Wärmeaustauscher (8) stehen. Zwischen dem Metallblock (1) und dem Wärmeaustauscher befindet sich eine Isolationsschicht (9). Ebenso ist der Metallblock längs seiner Umrandung von einer weiteren Isolationsschicht (10) umgeben.In the metal block (1) serving as the working part, one or more Peltier elements (5), whose thermally active pole faces (6) and (7) are in thermal contact with the metal block (1) and on the other hand stand with a heat exchanger (8). There is an insulation layer (9) between the metal block (1) and the heat exchanger. Likewise, the metal block is surrounded by another insulation layer (10) along its edge.

Die Peltierelemente (5) bestehen aus quader­förmigen Blöcken, in welchen eine grosse Anzahl von Halbleiterpaaren in paralleler Anordnung, und elektrisch in Serie geschaltet, kompakt zusammengefasst ist. Solche Peltierblöcke erwärmen sich beim Durchgang eines Gleichstromes auf einer Fläche und kühlen sich auf der gegen­überliegenden Fläche entsprechend ab. Durch Umkehr der Stromrichtung können die sich erwärmende und die sich abkühlende Fläche beliebig miteinander vertauscht werden. Die bieden sich abkühlenden bezw. sich erwärmenden Flächen sind nachfolgend als thermisch Polflächen bezeichnet.The Peltier elements (5) consist of block-shaped blocks in which a large number of semiconductor pairs in a parallel arrangement and electrically connected in series are compactly combined. Such Peltier blocks heat up during the passage of a direct current on one surface and cool down accordingly on the opposite surface. By reversing the direction of the current, the heating and cooling surfaces can be interchanged with one another. The bidding cooling or warming surfaces are referred to below as thermal pole surfaces.

Soll nun das Gerät im Heizbetrieb stehen, so wird die Stromrichtung derart gewählt, dass sich die oberen thermischen Polflächen (6) der Peltierelemente erwärmen und die Gegenflächen (7) sich abkühlen. Die abgegebene Wärme überträgt sich auf den Metallblock (1), auf dessen Oberfläche (2) die zu erwärmenden Proben bezw. die die Probengefässe aufnehmenden Arbeitsmoduln gestellt werden; die Abkühlung der untern Flächen(7) überträgt sich auf den Wärmeaustauscher (8).If the device is to be in heating mode, the current direction is selected such that the upper thermal pole surfaces (6) of the Peltier elements heat up and the counter surfaces (7) cool down. The heat given off is transferred to the metal block (1), on the surface (2) of which the samples to be heated, respectively. the work modules holding the sample vessels are provided; the cooling of the lower surfaces (7) is transferred to the heat exchanger (8).

Zwecks Erhöhung der Kühl- bezw. Heizwirkung kann nach Bedarf eine grössere Anzahl von Peltierelementen ver­wendet werden. Werden diese, elektrisch parallel geschaltet, in einer einzigen Schicht angeordnet, so vervielfacht sich die thermische Leistung entsprechend der Anzahl der verwendeten Elemente; die erreichbare Temperaturdifferenz, zwischen den Polflächen die im wesentlichen durch die innere Leitfähigkeit der Peltierelemente begrenzt ist, bleibt dabei unbeeinflusst. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Peltierelemente in zwei oder mehreren, vertikal übereinander liegenden Schichten anzuordnen, wobei die entgegengesetzten thermischen Polflächen zweier übereinanderliegender Peltier­elemente miteinander in Kontakt stehen. Diese unmittelbar übereinanderliegenden Elemente sind damit thermisch in Serie geschaltet, und die erreichbare Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den mit dem Metallblock bezw. dem Wärmeaustauscher in Kontakt stehenden äusseren Polflächen kann dadurch vergrössert werden. Selbstverständlich können, bei Verwendung einer grösseren Anzahl von Peltierelementen, Parallel- und Serieschaltung auch gleichzeitig verwendet werden.To increase the cooling or Heating effect, a larger number of Peltier elements can be used as required. If these, electrically connected in parallel, are arranged in a single layer, the thermal output multiplies according to the number of elements used; the achievable temperature difference between the pole faces, which is essentially limited by the internal conductivity of the Peltier elements, remains unaffected. However, it is also possible to arrange the Peltier elements in two or more layers lying vertically one above the other, the opposite thermal pole faces of two Peltier elements lying one above the other being in contact with one another. These directly superimposed elements are thus thermally connected in series, and the achievable temperature difference between those with the metal block. The outer pole faces in contact with the heat exchanger can thereby be enlarged. Of course, if a larger number of Peltier elements are used, parallel and series connection can also be used simultaneously.

In einer Ausführungsform besteht der Wärmeaustau­scher aus einem Metallblock, der von einem System von Kanälen durchzogen ist, durch welche ein Kühlmittel, z.B. Wasser zirkuliert wird. In einer anderen, in den Figuren 1-3 dargestellten Ausführungsform besteht der Wärmeaustauscher aus einem Metallblock, dessen Aussenfläche in Form von Rippen besonders gross gehalten ist. Durch Anblasen mittels eines von einem Ventilator (13) erzeugten Luftstroms kann ein rascher Wärmeaustausch mit der umgebenden Luft erreicht werden. Der Temperaturunterschied zwischen der warmen und der kalten Fläche der Peltierelemente wird dadurch stets so klein wie möglich gehalten, und der Wirkungsgrad optimiert.In one embodiment, the heat exchanger consists of a metal block which is traversed by a system of channels through which a coolant, e.g. Water is circulated. In another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 1-3, the heat exchanger consists of a metal block, the outer surface of which is kept particularly large in the form of ribs. A rapid heat exchange with the surrounding air can be achieved by blowing on by means of an air flow generated by a fan (13). The temperature difference between the warm and the cold surface of the Peltier elements is always kept as small as possible, and the efficiency is optimized.

Für den Kühlbetrieb wird die Stromrichtung umge­kehrt, so dass sich nun die obere Fläche (6) der Peltier­elemente abkühlt und die untere Fläche (7) sich erwärmt. Der Metallblock (1) wird dadurch gekühlt; die an der unteren Fläche (7) des bezw. der Peltierelemente abgegebene Wärme überträgt sich auf den Wärmeaustauscher (8) und wird von dort an die Umgebung abgeführt.For cooling operation, the current direction is reversed so that the upper surface (6) of the Peltier elements cools down and the lower surface (7) heats up. The metal block (1) is thereby cooled; the one at the bottom Area (7) of the the heat emitted by the Peltier elements is transferred to the heat exchanger (8) and is dissipated from there to the environment.

Der heiz- und kühlbare Arbeitsteil mit dem Metall­block (1) wird zudem durch zusätzliche auswechselbare Arbeitsmodule (14,17) in Form von Metallblöcken, mit Oeff­nungen (15) zum Einbringen ganzer Serien von Probengefässen, wie z.B. Gläsern, Ampullen, Tuben oder dünnen Halmen, sog. "Straws" ergänzt. Solche blockförmigen Module für verschie­dene Sorten von Gefässen werden einfach auf die Arbeitsfläche (2) gestellt oder gegebenenfalls aufgeschraubt, wobei durch genaue Flächenbearbeitung auf einen guten thermischen Kontakt geachtet werden muss. Die nicht mit der Arbeitsfläche (2) des Metallblocks (1) in Kontakt stehenden Aussenflächen der Module sind thermisch isoliert.The heatable and coolable working part with the metal block (1) is also replaced by additional interchangeable working modules (14, 17) in the form of metal blocks with openings (15) for the insertion of entire series of sample vessels, e.g. Glasses, ampoules, tubes or thin straws, so-called "straws" added. Such block-shaped modules for different types of vessels are simply placed on the work surface (2) or, if necessary, screwed on, care being taken to ensure good thermal contact by precise surface treatment. The outer surfaces of the modules that are not in contact with the working surface (2) of the metal block (1) are thermally insulated.

In einer andern Ausführungsform besteht das auswechselbare Arbeitsmodul aus einer rechteckigen offenen Wanne (33) mit einer sie seitlich überragenden Fussplatte (34), die für den Wärmeaustausch mit dem Arbeitstisch (2) dient. Wanne und Fussplatte können aus einem Stück gefertigt sein; die Bodenfläche der letzteren muss zwecks guten Kontaktes mit dem Arbeitstisch (2) möglichst genau bearbeitet sein. Das Modul kann entweder einfach aufgesetzt oder mit dem Tisch des Heiz- und Kühlgeräts verschraubt sein.In another embodiment, the interchangeable work module consists of a rectangular open trough (33) with a footplate (34) projecting laterally from it, which is used for heat exchange with the work table (2). Tub and footplate can be made in one piece; the floor surface of the latter must be machined as precisely as possible for good contact with the work table (2). The module can either be simply attached or screwed to the table of the heating and cooling device.

Die Wanne des Arbeitsmoduls kann mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt sein, in welche die Probengefässe eingeführt werden. Zum Festhalten der Probengefässe bedeckt man die Wanne entweder mit einem Gitter oder einem Deckel mit passenden Löchern zum Einstecken der Gefässe. In einer andern Ausführungsform wird die Wanne mit einem Feststoff in Partikelform (40), z.B. in Pulver-, Körner- oder Kugelform gefüllt. Geeignet ist z.B. Graphitpulver oder eine Füllung von Kugeln von höchstens ca. 5 mm Durchmesser aus Metall oder Glas. Eine solche Feststoff-Füllung vermag die Probengefässe in jeder Position festzuhalten; ein spezieller Wannendeckel mit Haltevorrichtung erübrigt sich damit. Die Hohlräume zwischen den Feststoffpartikeln können auch mit einer Flüssigkeit aufgefüllt werden, womit sich der Wärmeübergang noch weiter verbessern lässt.The tub of the work module can be filled with a liquid into which the sample vessels are inserted. To hold the sample vessels in place, the pan is either covered with a grid or a lid with matching holes for inserting the vessels. In another embodiment, the trough is filled with a solid in particle form (40), for example in powder, granule or spherical form. For example, graphite powder or a filling of balls with a maximum diameter of approx. 5 mm made of metal or glass is suitable. Such a solid filling can hold the sample vessels in any position; there is no need for a special tub cover with holding device. The cavities It is also possible to fill up with a liquid between the solid particles, which can further improve the heat transfer.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform dient die offene Wanne zur Aufnahme von austauschbaren Einsätzen (43, 45) aus Metall, die ihrerseits mit Oeffnungen (42, 44) für die Auf­nahme der Probengefässe versehen sind. Um den Wärmeübergang zu erleichtern, müssen die Einsätze natürlich möglichst mit knapper Toleranz in die Wanne eingepasst werden; das gleiche gilt für das Einpassen der Probengefässe in die dafür bestimmten Oeffnungen. Griffschrauben (52), die in dafür vorgesehene Löcher der Einsätze eingeschraubt werden können, dienen zum bequemen Einsetzen und Herausziehen der knapp sitzenden Einsätze aus der Wanne.In a further embodiment, the open trough serves to hold interchangeable inserts (43, 45) made of metal, which in turn are provided with openings (42, 44) for holding the sample vessels. In order to facilitate heat transfer, the inserts must of course be fitted into the tub with as little tolerance as possible; the same applies to fitting the sample vessels into the openings intended for them. Handle screws (52), which can be screwed into the holes provided in the inserts, are used for easy insertion and removal of the tightly fitting inserts from the tub.

Mit allen Ausführungsformen des wannenförmigen Arbeits­moduls verwendet man einen wärmeisolierenden Deckel (4), der zwecks guten Verschlusses noch mit einem Dichtungsring (49) versehen und mit der Wanne verschraubt sein kann. Zweck­mässig werden die Schrauben (47) zur Befestigung des Deckels mit den vorerwähnten Griffschrauben für die Einsätze identisch und austauschbar gestaltet.With all embodiments of the trough-shaped work module, a heat-insulating cover (4) is used, which can also be provided with a sealing ring (49) for the purpose of good sealing and can be screwed to the trough. The screws (47) for fastening the cover are expediently designed to be identical and interchangeable with the aforementioned grip screws for the inserts.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform eines auf die Arbeitsfläche aufzusetzenden Moduls besteht aus einem Metallblock (17), welcher mit internen Kanälen (18) ausgestattet ist, durch welche mittels einer Pumpe eine Flüssigkeit zirkuliert wird. Diese Flüssigkeit ist entweder die Probe selber, oder auch z.B. Wasser oder Alkohol zur Verwendung für einen externen Wärmeaustausch.Another embodiment of a module to be placed on the work surface consists of a metal block (17) which is equipped with internal channels (18) through which a liquid is circulated by means of a pump. This liquid is either the sample itself, or e.g. Water or alcohol for use in external heat exchange.

Für die Speisung und Steuerung der Peltier­elemente ist ein separater, mit dem Arbeitsgerät über die Anschlussbuchse (27) verbundener Speise- und Steuerteil (32) vorgesehen, in welchem einerseits ein getaktetes Netz­teil (20) zur Lieferung des Speise-Gleichstroms und ander­seits eine von einem Temperaturfühler beeinflusste Steuer­elektronik (21) eingebaut sind, durch welche eine voreingestellte Temperatur angestrebt wird. Durch Einbau oder externen Anschluss mittels der Buchse (28) eines Mikrocom­puters lassen sich auch ganze Temperaturzyklen programmieren.For the supply and control of the Peltier elements, a separate supply and control part (32) is provided, which is connected to the implement via the connection socket (27), in which on the one hand a clocked power supply unit (20) for supplying the supply direct current and on the other hand one of one Control electronics (21) influenced by temperature sensors are installed, by means of which a preset temperature is sought. By installation or External connection using the socket (28) of a microcomputer can also be used to program entire temperature cycles.

Das für die Gleichstromspeisung der Peltierelemente verwendete getaktete Netzeil zerhackt den Wechselstrom des Netzes mit hoher Frequenz und transformiert ihn anschliessend auf niedrige Spannung. Der niedrig gespannte Wechselstrom wird schliesslich gleichgerichtet und geglättet und steht dann als Speisestrom für die Peltierelemente (5) zur Verfügung. Diese Art von Speisung erlaubt den Bau eines kleinen und leichten Geräts mit optimalem Wirkungsgrad, welches nur einen geringen Anteil von unerwünschter Abwärme produziert.The clocked power supply used for the DC power supply to the Peltier elements chops the AC power of the network at a high frequency and then transforms it to a low voltage. The low-voltage alternating current is finally rectified and smoothed and is then available as a feed current for the Peltier elements (5). This type of supply allows the construction of a small and light device with optimal efficiency, which only produces a small amount of unwanted waste heat.

Das Steuergerät enthält auch eine Anzeigevorrichtung (22) an welcher wahlweise die eingestellte SOLL-Temperatur, oder die IST-Temperatur entweder des Arbeitsblocks oder, nach Umschalten mittels des Schalters (33), der Probe selbst abgelesen werden können. Die Signale dazu werden von entsprechenden Temperatursonden geliefert: einer im Metallblock (1) eingebauten Sonde für die Temperatur der Arbeitsfläche sowie einer über die Anschlussbuchse (27) mit dem Speise- und Steuerteil verbundenen externen Sonde (11) für die Messung der Probentemperatur. Am Gerät befindet sich ein Umschalter (24), mittels welchem wahlweise auf Kühlung, oder Heizung geschaltet werden kann. Verwendet man mit dem Steuergerät einen Mikrocomputer zur Durchführung programmierter Temperaturzyklen, so wird die Funktion dieses Schalters, d.h. die Wahl von Heiz- oder Kühlbetrieb vom Steuergerät anhand der gemessenen IST- bezw.-SOLL-Temperatur automatisch übernommen.The control unit also contains a display device (22) on which either the set temperature, or the actual temperature of either the work block or, after switching by means of the switch (33), the sample itself can be read. The signals for this are supplied by appropriate temperature probes: a probe built into the metal block (1) for the temperature of the work surface and an external probe (11) connected to the supply and control unit via the connection socket (27) for measuring the sample temperature. There is a switch (24) on the device, which can be used to switch between cooling and heating. If a microcomputer is used with the control unit to carry out programmed temperature cycles, the function of this switch, i.e. the control unit automatically selects heating or cooling mode based on the measured ACTUAL or TARGET temperature.

Die Energieversorgung des Geräts erfolgt normaler­weise vom Wechselstromnetz. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, das mit einem entsprechenden Anschluss (29) versehene Gerät mit Gleichstrom, z.B. von einer Autobatterie mit 12 V Spannung, zu speisen. Dadurch eignet sich das an sich schon handliche Gerät insbesondere auch für mobiles Arbeiten, z.B. in einem Auto, in der Eisenbahn oder gar in einem Flug- oder Raumfahrzeug.The device is usually powered by the AC network. However, it is also possible to supply the device with a corresponding connection (29) with direct current, for example from a car battery with 12 V voltage. As a result, the device, which is already handy, is also particularly suitable for mobile work, for example in a car, on the train or even in an aircraft or spacecraft.

Die Trennung des Arbeitsteils vom Speise- und Steuerteil bietet überall dort besondere Vorteile, wo das Heiz- und Kühlgerät auf engstem Raum untergebracht werden muss, oder wo die am Speisegerät entwickelte Verlustwärme in Probennähe unerwünscht ist.The separation of the working section from the supply and control section offers special advantages wherever the heating and cooling device has to be housed in a confined space or where the heat loss developed at the supply device is undesirable in the vicinity of the sample.

Der Aufbau des Geräts ist in den nachfolgenden Figuren 1 bis 8 dargestellt, ohne dass damit die möglichen Ausführungsformen in irgendwelcher Weise eingeschränkt werden sollen:

  • Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht des erfindungs­gemässen Geräts mit dem heiz- und kühlbaren Metallblock (1), der ebenen Arbeitsfläche (2), dem gerippten Wärmeaustauscher (8), dem Ventilator (13) und den Isolationsschichten (9) und (10).
  • Fig. 2 zeigt das Gerät im Querschnitt, mit dem Metallblock (1), dessen Benutzeroberfläche (2), einem Peltierelement (5) mit der oberen (6) und unteren (7) thermisch aktiven Fläche, dem im Metallblock eingebauten internen Temperaturfühler (11), dem gerippten Wärmeaustauscher (8) und den Isolations­schichten (9) und (10).
  • Fig. 3 zeigt eine Ansicht der Stirnfläche des Geräts mit einem Ventilator (13).
  • Die Fig. 4a und 4b zeigen das Gerät mit einem zusätzlichen Modul in Form eines quaderförmigen Metallblocks, (14), der 0effnungen (15) für die Aufnahme von Arbeitsgefässen aufweist. Der gegebenenfalls entfernbare Isolationsmantel (16) schützt das Modul vor dem Temperaturausgleich mit der Umgebung.
  • Die Fig. 5 zeigt ein Arbeitsmodul (17) mit internen Kanälen (18), durch die eine zu kühlende oder zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit gepumpt wird. Der Isolationsmantel (19) schützt den Metallblock des Moduls vor dem Temperaturausgleich mit der Umgebung.
  • Die Fig. 6 zeigt ein wannenförmiges Modul mit zwei verschiedenen Einsätzen in perspektivischer Darstellung. Die offene Wanne (33) mit der Fussplatte (34) ist von einer Isolationsschicht (35) umhüllt. Der Deckel (36) mit dem Dichtungsring (49) kann mittels in die Löcher 37 bezw. 37′ eingeführter Schrauben auf die Arbeitsfläche (2) des Heiz- und Kühlgerätes aufgeschraubt werden. Der Einsatz (41) dient zur Verwendung mit tubenförmigen Probengefässen, der Einsatz (43) mit rechteckigen Zellen zur Verwendung mit optischen Küvetten für die Spektroskopie. Die Griffschrauben (51), welche in die Bohrungen (46) eingeschraubt werden können, dienen zur bequemen Manipulation der Einsätze.
  • In der Fig. 7 ist ein Querschnitt durch das in der Fig. 6 dargestellte Modul entlang der Linie A---A gezeigt, wobei die Wanne (33) des Moduls mi Kugeln (40) gefüllt ist. Der Arbeitstisch (39) des Metallblocks (2) ist hier mit seiner Isolation (48) gezeigt; die Schrauben (50) dienen zur Befe­stigung des Moduls am Metallblock (2) des Heiz- und Kühlgerätes.
  • In der Fig. 8 ist das Speise- und Steuergerät (32) abgebildet, mit dem getakteten Netzteil (20), der Steuerelektronik (21), der LCD-Anzeige (22) für die Temperatur, einem Ein- und Ausschalter für die Stromspeisung (23) und einem Schalter (24) für wahlweisen Heiz- oder Kühlbetrieb, sowie einem Drucktaster (25) für die wahlweise Umschaltung der Temperaturanzeige auf die eingestellte SOLL- oder IST-Temperatur. Mit dem Drucktaster (26) kann die beim Heizen oder Kühlen zu erreichende Solltemperatur gewählt werden.
    (27) ist der Anschluss der Temperatursonde für die Probentemperatur; ein weiterer Anschluss für die im heiz- bezw. kühlbaren Arbeitsblock (1) eingebaute Temperatursonde (11) ist im Verbindungskabel (30) untergebracht, welches die Speiseleitung für die Peltierelemente enthält. Für die Stromversorgung wird wahlweise das Netzkabel (31) oder der Anschluss (29) für eine 12 V-Batterie verwendet. Mit dem Schalter (33) wird die Temperaturanzeige (22) wahlweise auf die interne oder externe Temperatursonde umgeschaltet. Ein externer Mikrocomputer für die Programmierung von Temperaturzyklen kann an der Buchse (28) angeschlossen werden.
The structure of the device is shown in the following FIGS. 1 to 8, without the possible embodiments being restricted in any way:
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the inventive device with the heatable and coolable metal block (1), the flat work surface (2), the finned heat exchanger (8), the fan (13) and the insulation layers (9) and (10) .
  • Fig. 2 shows the device in cross section, with the metal block (1), its user interface (2), a Peltier element (5) with the upper (6) and lower (7) thermally active surface, the internal temperature sensor (11 ), the finned heat exchanger (8) and the insulation layers (9) and (10).
  • Fig. 3 shows a view of the end face of the device with a fan (13).
  • 4a and 4b show the device with an additional module in the form of a cuboid metal block (14) which has openings (15) for holding working vessels. The optionally removable insulation jacket (16) protects the module from temperature compensation with the environment.
  • 5 shows a work module (17) with internal channels (18) through which a liquid to be cooled or heated is pumped. The insulation jacket (19) protects the metal block of the module from temperature compensation with the environment.
  • 6 shows a trough-shaped module with two different inserts in a perspective view. The open trough (33) with the base plate (34) is covered by an insulation layer (35). The cover (36) with the sealing ring (49) can be moved into the holes 37 by means of. 37 'inserted screws are screwed onto the work surface (2) of the heating and cooling device. The insert (41) serves for use with tubular sample vessels, the insert (43) with rectangular cells for use with optical cells for spectroscopy. The handle screws (51), which can be screwed into the holes (46), are used for easy manipulation of the inserts.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross section through the module shown in FIG. 6 along the line A --- A, the trough (33) of the module being filled with balls (40). The work table (39) of the metal block (2) is shown here with its insulation (48); the screws (50) are used to attach the module to the metal block (2) of the heating and cooling device.
  • 8 shows the supply and control device (32) with the clocked power supply unit (20), the control electronics (21), the LCD display (22) for the temperature, an on and off switch for the power supply ( 23) and a switch (24) for optional heating or cooling operation, as well as a push button (25) for optionally switching the temperature display to the set or actual temperature. The setpoint temperature to be reached during heating or cooling can be selected with the push button (26).
    (27) is the connection of the temperature probe for the sample temperature; Another connection for those in the heating or Coolable work block (1) built-in temperature probe (11) is housed in the connecting cable (30), which contains the feed line for the Peltier elements. Either the mains cable (31) or the connection (29) for a 12 V battery is used for the power supply. With the switch (33) the temperature display (22) can be switched to either the internal or external temperature probe. An external microcomputer for programming temperature cycles can be connected to the socket (28).

Claims (20)

1. Laboratoriumsgerät zum wahlweisen Heizen oder Kühlen von Proben, bestehend aus einem Block von einem oder mehreren Peltierelementen die mit ihrer einen thermischen Polfläche mit einem im wesentlichen quaderförmigen Block aus einem gut wärmeleitenden Metall und mit der entgegengesetzten Polfläche mit einem von diesem Metallblock thermisch isolierten Wärme­austauscher in thermischem Kontakt stehen, wobei eine Aussen­fläche des Metallblocks als Arbeitsfläche zum Heizen oder Kühlen der Proben dient, und wobei alle Aussenflächen des Metallblocks mit Ausnahme der Arbeitsfläche und der Kontaktfläche zu dem bezw. den Peltierelementen thermisch isoliert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Umpolung des Stroms für die Speisung der Peltieremelente die Arbeitsfläche wahlweise zur Heiz- oder Kühlfläche bestimmt wird.1. Laboratory device for optional heating or cooling of samples, consisting of a block of one or more Peltier elements which with their one thermal pole face with an essentially cuboid block made of a good heat-conducting metal and with the opposite pole face with a heat exchanger thermally insulated from this metal block are in thermal contact, with an outer surface of the metal block serving as a work surface for heating or cooling the samples, and wherein all outer surfaces of the metal block with the exception of the work surface and the contact surface. the Peltier elements are thermally insulated, characterized in that by reversing the polarity of the current for feeding the Peltier elements, the working surface is optionally determined as the heating or cooling surface. 2. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wärmeleitende Metall Aluminium oder rostfreier Stahl ist.2. Laboratory device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-conducting metal is aluminum or stainless steel. 3. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmeaustauscher mit Kanälen für den Durchfluss einer wärmetransportierenden Flüssigkeit ausgerüstet ist.3. Laboratory device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger is equipped with channels for the flow of a heat-transporting liquid. 4. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmeaustauscher aus einem gerippten Metallblock besteht, über dessen Oberfläche mittels eines Ventilators ein Luftstrom geblasen wird.4. Laboratory device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger consists of a ribbed metal block, over the surface of which an air stream is blown by means of a fan. 5. Laboratoriumsgerät mit mehr als einem Peltierelement gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von der Gesamtzahl der verwendeten Peltierelemente mindestens zwei thermisch in Serie geschaltet sind, wobei die in Serie geschalteten Peltierelemente, mit je einer ihrer thermisch entgegengesetzten Polflächen sich berührend, vertikal übereinander angeordnet sind.5. Laboratory device with more than one Peltier element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that of the total number of Peltier elements used, at least two are thermally connected in series, the Peltier elements connected in series, each with one of their thermally opposite pole faces touching , are arranged vertically one above the other. 6. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Speisestrom der Peltier­elemente durch ein von einem Temperaturfühler beeinflusstes Regelgerät gesteuert wird.6. Laboratory device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the feed current of the Peltier elements is controlled by a control device influenced by a temperature sensor. 7. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein auswechselbares Arbeitsmodul für die Unterbringung der Probengefässe umfasst, welches einerseits mit einer Kontaktfläche für den Wärmeaustausch mit dem Heiz- und Kühlgerät, anderseits mit geeigneten Hohlräumen für die Aufnahme der Probengefässe ausgestattet ist.7. Laboratory device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises an interchangeable work module for accommodating the sample vessels, which on the one hand has a contact surface for heat exchange with the heating and cooling device, and on the other hand has suitable cavities for receiving the sample vessels Is provided. 8. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss Anspruch 7, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass das die Probengefässe aufnehmende Arbeitsmodul quaderförmig ist, wobei dessen obere Grundfläche mit Oeffnungen zur Aufnahme der Probengefässe versehen ist, und die untere Grundfläche als Kontaktfläche zur Arbeitsfläche des Metallblocks dient, und wobei die übrigen Aussenflächen thermisch isoliert sind.8. Laboratory device according to claim 7, characterized in that the working module receiving the sample vessels is cuboid, the upper base area of which is provided with openings for receiving the sample vessels, and the lower base area serves as a contact surface to the working surface of the metal block, and the other outer surfaces are thermal are isolated. 9. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss Anspruch 7, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass das Arbeitsmodul aus einer rechteckigen offenen Wanne aus wärmeleitendem Metall besteht, die mit einer die Grundfläche der Wanne mindestens teilweise überragenden Fussplatte ausgestattet ist, deren ebene Bodenfläche zum thermischen Kontakt mit der Tischfläche des Metallblocks dient, wobei die Wanne und die Fussplatte mit Ausnahme der Bodenfläche der letzteren allseitig von einer thermischen Isolationsschicht umgeben sind.9. Laboratory device according to claim 7, characterized in that the work module consists of a rectangular open trough made of heat-conducting metal, which is equipped with a base plate at least partially projecting from the base, the flat bottom surface for thermal contact with the table surface of the Metal blocks is used, the trough and the base plate, with the exception of the bottom surface of the latter, being surrounded on all sides by a thermal insulation layer. 10. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss Anspruch 9, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die Wanne des Arbeitsmoduls mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist, und dass die Wanne von einem Gitter oder einem Deckel mit passenden Oeffnungen zum Durchstecken der Probengefässe bedeckt ist10. Laboratory device according to claim 9, characterized in that the trough of the work module is filled with a liquid, and that the trough is covered by a grid or a lid with suitable openings for inserting the sample vessels 11. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss Anspruch 9, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die Wanne des Arbeitsmoduls mit Partikeln von höchstens 5 mm Durchmesser eines wärmeleitenden Feststoffs gefüllt ist, in welche die Probengefässe eingesteckt werden können.11. Laboratory device according to claim 9, characterized in that the trough of the work module is filled with particles of at most 5 mm in diameter of a heat-conducting solid, into which the sample vessels can be inserted. 12. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss Anspruch 11, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die Füllung der Wanne aus Metall- oder Glaskugeln besteht.12. Laboratory device according to claim 11, characterized in that the filling of the tub consists of metal or glass balls. 13. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hohlräume zwischen den Feststoffpartikeln zusätzlich mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt sind,13. Laboratory device according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the cavities between the solid particles are additionally filled with a liquid, 14. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss Anspruch 9, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die offene Wanne mit auswechselbaren Einsätzen ausgestattet ist, die mit passenden Oeffnungen zur Aufnahme verschiedener Arten von Probengefässe versehen sind.14. Laboratory device according to claim 9, characterized in that the open tub is equipped with interchangeable inserts, which are provided with suitable openings for receiving different types of sample vessels. 15. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stromspeisung für die Peltierelemente, die elektronische Steuerung, die Temperatur­anzeige und der Umschalter für Heiz- oder Kühlbetrieb in einem separaten, mit dem Heiz- und Kühlgerät durch ein Kabel verbundenen Gehäuse untergebracht sind, wobei für die Strom­versorgung wahlweise Wechselstrom aus dem Netz oder Gleichstrom aus einer Batterie verwendet wird.15. Laboratory device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the power supply for the Peltier elements, the electronic control, the temperature display and the switch for heating or cooling operation in a separate housing connected to the heating and cooling device by a cable are accommodated, alternating current from the network or direct current from a battery being used for the power supply. 16. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss Anspruch 15, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass der Steuer- und Speiseblock mit einem internen, die Temperatur des mit den Peltierelementen in Verbindung stehenden Metallblocks und einem externen, die Probentemperatur messenden Temperaturfühler ausgestattet ist, wobei mittels eines Umschalters von den gemessenen Temperaturen wahlweise eine oder beide für die Regelung der Heiz- und Kühlelemente verwendet werden können.16. Laboratory device according to claim 15, characterized in that the control and feed block is equipped with an internal, the temperature of the metal block connected to the Peltier elements and an external, the sample temperature measuring temperature sensor, optionally by means of a switch of the measured temperatures one or both can be used to control the heating and cooling elements. 17. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Speise- und Steuergerät mit einem im Steuerteil untergebrachten oder extern anschliessbaren Mikrocomputer verbunden ist, der die Program­mierung von Temperaturzyklen, gegebenenfalls mit teilweise über und teilweise unterhalb der Umgebungstemperatur liegen­den Solltemperaturen gestattet, wobei das Regime des Gerätes vom Mikrocomputer nach Bedarf automatisch auf Heizen bezw. Kühlen umgeschaltet wird.17. Laboratory device according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the supply and control device is connected to a microcomputer housed in the control part or externally connectable, which allows the programming of temperature cycles, possibly with target temperatures that are partly above and partly below the ambient temperature , the regime of the device from the microcomputer automatically on demand, respectively. Cooling is switched. 18. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Arbeitsblock und/oder das auf die Arbeitsfläche aufzusetzende Arbeitsmodul mit einer Vorrichtung für den Durchfluss einer Flüssigkeit ausgerüstet sind, wobei diese Flüssigkeit die Probe selbst oder eine für externen Wärmeaustausch vorgesehene Flüssigkeit sein kann.18. Laboratory device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the work block and / or the work module to be placed on the work surface are equipped with a device for the flow of a liquid, this liquid being the sample itself or a liquid provided for external heat exchange can be. 19. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein motorbetriebenes Rührgerät im Metallblock des Gerätes bezw. in dem die Gefässe enthaltenden Arbeitsmodul oder in einem extern zu verwendenden Zusatzgerät eingebaut ist.19. Laboratory device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that a motor-operated stirrer in the metal block of the device. in the work module containing the vessels or in an external device to be used externally. 20. Laboratoriumsgerät gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Speisung der Peltierelemente durch ein getaktetes Netzteil erfolgt.20. Laboratory device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the Peltier elements are fed by a clocked power supply.
EP89810324A 1988-05-13 1989-04-28 Laboratory device for optional heating and cooling Withdrawn EP0342155A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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CH1918/88 1988-05-13
CH1918/88A CH676332A5 (en) 1988-05-13 1988-05-13 Temp. control for laboratory specimens
CH151989A CH679282A5 (en) 1989-04-21 1989-04-21 Temp. control for laboratory specimens
CH1519/89 1989-04-21

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EP0342155A3 EP0342155A3 (en) 1990-06-27

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US5061630A (en) 1991-10-29
CA1317646C (en) 1993-05-11

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