EP0341724A1 - Process for the preparation of random copolymers - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of random copolymers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0341724A1 EP0341724A1 EP89108520A EP89108520A EP0341724A1 EP 0341724 A1 EP0341724 A1 EP 0341724A1 EP 89108520 A EP89108520 A EP 89108520A EP 89108520 A EP89108520 A EP 89108520A EP 0341724 A1 EP0341724 A1 EP 0341724A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- range
- titanium
- ethylene
- psi
- process defined
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- -1 hydrocarbyl aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ADKPKEZZYOUGBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[O].[Si] Chemical group [C].[O].[Si] ADKPKEZZYOUGBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisobutyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)C MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XDKQUSKHRIUJEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC[O-].CC[O-] XDKQUSKHRIUJEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OANIYCQMEVXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C OANIYCQMEVXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012632 extractable Substances 0.000 description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FYXKZNLBZKRYSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(Cl)=O FYXKZNLBZKRYSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZWXAPCAJCYGIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)C[AlH]CC(C)C AZWXAPCAJCYGIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPDVHGLWIFENDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexylalumane Chemical compound C(CCCCC)[AlH]CCCCCC CPDVHGLWIFENDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N (4e)-hexa-1,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\CC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LATZCKQPCAXJJJ-IHWYPQMZSA-N (z)-2-methylbut-2-enedioyl dichloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(Cl)=O LATZCKQPCAXJJJ-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLYYJUJDFKGVKB-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-but-2-enedioyl dichloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)\C=C/C(Cl)=O ZLYYJUJDFKGVKB-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNAIRYWIXALZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-8-fluorooctane Chemical compound FCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl FNAIRYWIXALZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVGQTJUPLKNPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloropropane Chemical compound CCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl AVGQTJUPLKNPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAIRXERGRJFMSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichlorocyclohexane Chemical compound ClC1CCCCC1(Cl)Cl DAIRXERGRJFMSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMVVCERCDNKSEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dibromocyclobutane Chemical compound BrC1(Br)CCC1 OMVVCERCDNKSEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)Cl FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEQRDAAUNCRFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichlorobutane Chemical compound CCCC(Cl)Cl SEQRDAAUNCRFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEXGQYBAXAYZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromo-1,1-difluorodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(Br)C(F)(F)Br HEXGQYBAXAYZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSOWEPYJECMZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromo-3,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Cl CSOWEPYJECMZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexadiene Natural products CC=CCC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCCCCl VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTPNRXUCIXHOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Cl)=CC=CC2=C1 JTPNRXUCIXHOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropentane Chemical compound CCCCCCl SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISSYTHPTTMFJKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylcyclopentene Chemical compound C=CC1=CCCC1 ISSYTHPTTMFJKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQAINHDHICKHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=O)=CC=CC2=C1 SQAINHDHICKHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUEJHYHGUMAGBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(1h-indol-5-yl)phenyl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(NC=C2)C2=C1 CUEJHYHGUMAGBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LQIIEHBULBHJKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropylalumane Chemical compound CC(C)C[AlH2] LQIIEHBULBHJKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAHQGWAXKLQREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzal chloride Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 CAHQGWAXKLQREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOPXSGROLBPAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OC(=O)C=1C(=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)C(=O)OCC Chemical compound C(C)OC(=O)C=1C(=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)C(=O)OCC IOPXSGROLBPAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBDYOQFAMBITNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CC(C)C)OCCC(C)C.C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)O[Mg] Chemical compound C(CC(C)C)OCCC(C)C.C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)O[Mg] MBDYOQFAMBITNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GAKBIFMUIMALON-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)CC(C)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl GAKBIFMUIMALON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004803 Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QWDBCIAVABMJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C)C QWDBCIAVABMJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000482268 Zea mays subsp. mays Species 0.000 description 1
- CJWANOYUFBSCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Br-].[Br-].CCO[Ti+2]OCC Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].CCO[Ti+2]OCC CJWANOYUFBSCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MJAANYBZHGEMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-K [I-].[I-].[I-].CC(C)O[Ti+3] Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[I-].CC(C)O[Ti+3] MJAANYBZHGEMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GAHSOBODSWGWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2-dimethylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)(C)C GAHSOBODSWGWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKYNMDCZKBHRJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C)(C)CC DKYNMDCZKBHRJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JANBFCARANRIKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3-methylbutyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC(C)C JANBFCARANRIKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940018560 citraconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromomethane Chemical compound BrCBr FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QLLIVWGEMPGTMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CC(C)C)CCCCCC QLLIVWGEMPGTMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEVMYFLMMDUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisoamyl Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)C KEVMYFLMMDUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHYFIJRXGOQNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-bis(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CC(C)C[Si](OC)(CC(C)C)OC NHYFIJRXGOQNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYCNBIYTZSGSPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C RYCNBIYTZSGSPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005674 ethylene-propylene random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QEILTXGPELUNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl-bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C QEILTXGPELUNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIPWQYPOWLBLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[AlH2] OIPWQYPOWLBLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical class C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013627 low molecular weight specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001623 magnesium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZWPMNIKELFUJFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium ethanolate 2-methylpropan-1-olate Chemical compound CCO[Mg+].CC(C)C[O-] ZWPMNIKELFUJFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXUQHZKXQCGDFB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;2-methylpropan-1-olate;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].CC(C)C[O-] IXUQHZKXQCGDFB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HFTSQAKJLBPKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;butan-1-olate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] HFTSQAKJLBPKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRPXAHXWPZLBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;diphenoxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 KRPXAHXWPZLBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SWMSUKCRKOWDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethanolate;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCO[Mg+] SWMSUKCRKOWDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KNYMLHYLKKLARR-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethanolate;phenoxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC[O-].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 KNYMLHYLKKLARR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LPGLZESAVBXHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;iodide;phenoxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 LPGLZESAVBXHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZKNDQMGAWIBTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;naphthalen-1-olate;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].C1=CC=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 ZKNDQMGAWIBTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ORPJQHHQRCLVIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;propan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Mg]OC(C)C ORPJQHHQRCLVIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRUFZAAMHBICBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(C(Cl)=O)C(C(=O)Cl)=CC2=C1 FRUFZAAMHBICBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002848 norbornenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-diene Chemical compound C=CCC=C QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000576 tactic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)(Br)Br UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZLMGMVJGEULFPP-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium(4+) trichloride phenoxide Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZLMGMVJGEULFPP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L titanium(ii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+2] ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- MCWWHQMTJNSXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzylalumane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[Al](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MCWWHQMTJNSXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGRHYJIWZFEDBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecylaluminum Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[Al] YGRHYJIWZFEDBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBEXIHMRFRFRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC XBEXIHMRFRFRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQPMDTQDAXRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylalumane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Al](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JQPMDTQDAXRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F210/06—Propene
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for the preparation of random copolymers of ethylene and propylene.
- the catalyst system can be used to produce copolymers of ethylene and propylene in which a small amount of ethylene is incorporated at random into the backbone of polypropylene.
- the copolymerization is generally accomplished in a fluidized bed reactor. This kind of copolymer has advantages over polypropylene homopolymer in having better clarity and better heat sealing characteristics. Further, the stiffness of the random copolymer is lower than the homopolymer.
- the primary markets for these random copolymers are in film applications and blow-molding. Recently, some injection molded products have been made with random copolymers.
- An object of this invention is to provide a process for the preparation of random copolymer of propylene and ethylene utilizing increased ethylene to provide enhanced activity, but with good flow properties.
- a process for the copolymerization of at least the two comonomers, propylene and ethylene comprising contacting the comonomers in the gas phase in at least one reaction zone, under polymerization conditions, with a catalyst system comprising (i) a solid catalyst precursor, which includes magnesium; titanium; a halogen which is chlorine, bromine, or iodine, or mixtures thereof; and a polycarboxylic acid ester containing two coplanar ester groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms; (ii) a hydrocarbylaluminum cocatalyst; and (iii) a silicon compound containing at least one silicon-oxygen-carbon linkage wherein the atomic ratio of aluminum to titanium is in the range of about 5 to about 300, with the proviso that the temperature in the reaction zone is in the range of about 50°C to about 150°C; the molar ratio of aluminum to silicon compound is in the range of about 0.5 to about 100; the propylene
- the solid catalyst precursor is prepared by halogenating a magnesium compound of the formula MgRR′ wherein R is an alkoxide or aryloxide group and R′ is an alkoxide or aryloxide group or a halogen with a halogenated tetravalent titanium compound containing at least two halogen atoms in the presence of a halohydrocarbon and a polycarboxylic acid ester containing two coplanar ester groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms.
- the alkoxide groups can contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms and the aryloxide groups 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the halogen can be chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
- Suitable magnesium compounds are magnesium diethoxide, magnesium diisopropoxide, magnesium di-n-butoxide, magnesium diphenoxide, magnesium dinaphthoxide, ethoxy magnesium isobutoxide, ethoxy magnesium phenoxide, naphthoxy magnesium isoamyloxide, ethoxy magnesium bromide, isobutoxy magnesium chloride, phenoxy magnesium iodide, cumyloxy magnesium bromide, and naphthoxy magnesium chloride.
- the halogenated tetravalent titanium compound contains at least two halogen atoms and can have up to two alkoxy and/or aryloxy groups.
- Examples are TiCl4, TiBr4, diethoxy titanium dibromide, isopropoxy titanium triiodide, dihexoxy titanium dichloride, and phenoxy titanium trichloride.
- the halohydrocarbon while preferably aromatic, can be aliphatic or alicyclic.
- Suitable halohydrocarbons are chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichlorodibromobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorotoluene, chloronaphthalene, dibromomethane, trichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethane, dichlorofluoroethane, hexachloroethane, trichloropropane, chlorobutane, dichlorobutane, chloropentane, trichlorofluorooctane, tetrachloroisooctane, dibromodifluorodecane, dibromocyclobutane, and trichlorocyclohexane.
- the halogenated tetravalent titanium compound and the halohydrocarbon preferably contain no more than 12 carbon atoms.
- Suitable polycarboxylic acid esters are characterized by a molecularly rigid structure wherein two ester groups are attached to adjacent carbon atoms of the molecule and lie in a single plane.
- Such esters include polycarboxylic acid esters containing two ester groups which are attached to (a) ortho carbon atoms of a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring, each of said ester groups being further linked to a branched or unbranched chain hydrocarbon radical; (b) vicinal carbon atoms of a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic ring and which lie in a syn configuration with respect to each other, each of said ester groups being further linked to a branched or unbranched chain hydrocarbon radical; or (c) vicinal double bonded carbon atoms of an unsaturated aliphatic compound and which lie in a syn configuration with respect to each other, each of said ester groups being further linked to a branched or unbranched chain hydrocarbon radical.
- polycarboxylic acid esters are derived from a suitable polycarboxylic acid and a monohydric alcohol having a linear hydrocarbon moiety which may be branched or unbranched.
- the alcohol component of said polycarboxylic acid esters contain e.g. up to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of the polycarboxylic acid moities is preferably 6 to 20, with the more preferred range of 8 to 16 carbon atoms for corresponding aromatic compounds and 6 to 10 carbon atoms for non-aromatic cyclic compounds.
- polycarboxylic acid esters examples include dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-propyl phthalate, diisopropyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, di-tert-butyl phthalate, diisoamyl phthalate, di-tert-amyl phthalate, dineopentyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethyldecyl phthalate, diethyl-1,2-fluorenedicarboxylate, diisopropyl-1-,2-ferrocenedicarboxylate, cis-diisobutyl-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate, endo-diisobutyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate, and endo-diisobutyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]o
- Halogenation of the magnesium compound is effected employing an excess of titanium compound, about 2 mols to about 100 mols of titanium compound per mole of magnesium compound.
- the halohydrocarbon is employed in an amount sufficient to dissolve the titanium compound and the ester, and to adequately disperse the solid, insoluble magnesium compound.
- the magnesium compound can be used in an amount of about 0.005 to 2.0 mols of magnesium compound per mol of halohydrocarbon and the ester in an amount of about 0.0005 to about 2.0 mols of ester per mol of titanium compound.
- the halogenation of the magnesium compound can be carried out in a temperature range of about 60°C to about 150°C over a period of about 0.1 to about 6 hours.
- the halogenated product is a solid material which can be isolated from the liquid reaction medium by filtration or decantation. After separation, it is treated one or more times with the titanium compound in the same molar ratio to remove residuals and maximize catalyst activity.
- the halohydrocarbon is usually employed during this treatment to dissolve the titanium compound and disperse the halogenated product.
- the treatment is preferably carried out twice, the second treatment being in the presence of a polycarboxylic acid halide containing two coplanar acid groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms. About 5 to about 200 millimols of acid halide are generally employed per gram atom of magnesium.
- Suitable acid halides include phthaloyl dichloride, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid dichloride, endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid dichloride, maleic acid dichloride, and citraconic acid dichloride.
- the solid halogenated product After the solid halogenated product has been treated one or more times with additional halogenated tetravalent titanium compound, it is separated from the liquid reaction medium, washed with an inert hydrocarbon to remove unreacted titanium compounds, and dried.
- the final washed product suitably has a titanium content of about 0.5 percent by weight to about 6.0 percent by weight.
- the atomic ratio of titanium to magnesium in the final product is in the range of about 0.01:1 to about 0.2:1.
- the polycarboxylic acid ester is present in a molar ratio of ester to magnesium of about 0.005:1 to about 10:1.
- the hydrocarbyl aluminum cocatalyst can be represented by the formula R3Al wherein each R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or hydride radical; at least one R is a hydrocarbyl radical; two or three R radicals can be joined in a cyclic radical forming a heterocyclic structure; each R can be alike or different; and each R, which is a hydrocarbyl radical, has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- each alkyl radical can be straight or branched chain and such hydrocarbyl radical can be a mixed radical, i.e., the radical can contain alkyl, aryl, and/or cycloalkyl groups.
- radicals are: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 5,5-dimethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, isodecyl, undecyl, dodecyl, phenyl, phenethyl, methoxyphenyl, benzyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, naphthal, methylnaphthyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
- hydrocarbyl aluminum compounds are as follows: triisobutylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, di-isobutylaluminum hydride, dihexylaluminum hydride, isobutylaluminum dihydride, hexylaluminum dihydride, di-isobutylhexylaluminum, isobutyl dihexylaluminum, trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tripropyaluminum, triisopropyaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, tridecylaluminum, tridodecylaluminum, tribenzylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, trinaphthylaluminum, and tritolylaluminum.
- the preferred hydrocarbyl aluminums are triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, di-isobutylaluminum hydride, and dihexylaluminum hydride.
- Examples of useful silicon compounds are diphenyldimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, di-tert-butyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldiisobutoxysilane, diisobutyldimethoxysilane, and dimethyldiethoxysilane.
- the polymer is prepared in the gas phase, generally, by continuously contacting the catalyst system with at least the two comonomers, propylene and ethylene, in one or more fluidized bed reactors such as that described in United States Patent 4,482,687 or another conventional reactor for the gas phase production of, for example, polypropylene or propylene copolymers.
- comonomers can be included in the propylene/ethylene copolymer.
- copolymer is considered to mean a polymer based on two or more comonomers.
- the additional comonomers can be alpha-olefins having 4 to 12 carbon atoms or conjugated or non-conjugated dienes containing 5 to 25 carbon atoms.
- Useful alpha-olefins preferably do not contain any branching on carbon atoms closer than two carbon atoms removed from the double bond. Examples of suitable alpha-olefins include 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methylpentene-1, 1-heptene, and 1-octene.
- dienes examples include 1,4-pentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, 1-vinyl-1-cyclopentene, and the alkylbicyclononadienes, indenes, and norbornenes. Ethylidene norbornene is an example of the latter.
- the non-conjugated dienes are preferred.
- the portion attributed to propylene is in the range of about 80 to about 99.5 percent by weight based on the weight of the copolymer and is preferably in the range of about 90 to about 99.5 percent by weight; the portion attributed to ethylene is in the range of about 0.5 to about 20 percent by weight and is preferably in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight; and the portion attributed to other comonomers, if any, is in the range of about 0.5 to about 20 percent by weight. All percentages are based on the weight of the random copolymer.
- the amount of ethylene incorporated into the copolymer i.e., the portion of the copolymer based on ethylene, is arrived at by determining the crystalline melting point of the copolymer. This melting point is measured with a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC).
- DSC Differential Scanning Calorimeter
- the melting point of propylene homopolymer varies between 161°C and l65°C depending on crystallinity while the melting point of C3/C2 random copolymer is depressed as the amount of incorporated ethylene increases and, as a rule of thumb, 5°C in melting point depression corresponds to one weight percent of ethylene incorporation.
- the DSC or crystalline melting point is found to be a linear function of the ethylene to propylene gas phase molar ratio. Therefore, the weight percent of ethylene incorporation is also linearly proportional to the ethylene to propylene gas phase molar ratio.
- the fluidized bed, or other gas phase, reactor is operated at a temperature in the range of about 50°C to about 150°C and preferably at a temperature in the range of about 60°C to about 90°C.
- the operating pressure is in the range of about 200 psig to about 650 psig or higher and preferably about 250 psig to about 550 psig.
- the partial pressure of the propylene is in the range of about 50 to about 600 psi and is preferably about 150 to about 500 psi.
- the partial pressure of ethylene is in the range of about 0.25 to about 25 psi and is preferably about 1 to about 15 psi.
- the total partial pressure of other comonomers can be about 0.5 to about 75 psi.
- the molar ratio of ethylene to propylene is about 0.005 to 0.056 and is preferably about 0.01 to 0.045.
- the superficial gas velocity which can be calculated by measuring cycle gas flow, is, generally, maintained in the range of about 0.1 to about 5 feet per second and is preferably in the range of about 0.5 to about 3 feet per second.
- the superficial gas velocity is preferably used together with a slow transition in order to optimize the results. In other words, the ethylene concentration in the gas phase is increased slowly to the desired level for the product.
- the residence time of the alpha-olefin in the reactor is in the range of about 1 to about 20 hours and preferably about 2 to about 6 hours.
- the velocity of the fluidizing gas is in the range of about 0.1 to about 5.0 feet per second or higher and preferably about 0.5 to about 2.0 feet per second.
- Hydrogen or another chain transfer agent can be used in the process.
- the molar ratio of hydrogen to alpha-olefin used in the fluidized bed reactor is in the range of about 0.0005:1 to about 0.2:1 and is preferably in the range of about 0.01:1 to about 0.1:1. This translates into a hydrogen partial pressure in the range of about 0.1 psi to about 200 psi and preferably about 0.5 psi to about 50 psi.
- the balance of the operating pressure utilized in the reactor i.e., after the partial pressure of propylene, ethylene, and, if used, other comonomers and the hydrogen partial pressure are considered, can be made up by using an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- one fluidized bed reactor is used.
- a second fluidized bed reactor is needed.
- the components of the catalyst system are maintained in an amount such that the atomic ratio of aluminum in the cocatalyst to silicon in the selectivity control agent is about 0.5 to about 100, and preferably is about 1 to about 25, and the atomic ratio of aluminum in the cocatalyst to titanium in the solid catalyst component is about 5 to 300, and is preferably about 10 to about 200.
- Melt Flow Rate can be in the range of about 0.01 to about 1000 and is preferably in the range of about 0.05 to about 500. It is determined under ASTM D-1238, Condition L, measured at 230°C with a 2160 gram load, and reported as grams per 10 minutes (g/10min).
- Average Particle Size can be in the range of about 0.005 to about 0.5 inch and is preferably in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.08 inch. Average particle size is determined as follows: pass the powders through a series of ASTM standard sieves, weigh the retained particles on each sieve, and calculate the number average particle size.
- Settled Bulk Density can be in the range of about 5 to about 35 pounds per cubic foot and is preferably in the range of about 15 to about 25 pounds per cubic foot.
- Settled bulk density is determined as follows: a resin sample of a fixed volume is collected and weighed. Bulk density is calculated by dividing the weight by the volume.
- Production Rate can be about 5 to about 40 times 1000 pounds of copolymer per hour and is preferably about 10 to about 30 times 1000 pounds of copolymer per hour. Production rate is determined by weighing the resin produced every hour.
- Xylene Solubles are held to a maximum of about 50 percent by weight based on the weight of the copolymer and is preferably maintained at a level no higher than about 30 percent by weight.
- Xylene solubles are defined as the percent by weight that stays in solution after the copolymer sample is dissolved in hot xylene and the solution is allowed to cool to 23°C.
- Low xylene solubles are desired to avoid a phenomenon called "plate-out", which is a migration of the low molecular weight species to the surface of the resin during processing. This can occur if the xylene solubles value becomes excessive.
- FDA % hexane extractables are maintained at a level no higher than about 20 percent by weight based on the weight of the copolymer and is preferably kept at a level no higher than about 5.5 percent by weight.
- a film sample of the copolymer 3 to 4 mils in thickness (prepared by chill roll extrusion) is extracted at 50°C in n-hexane for 2 hours and then filtered. The filtrate is evaporated and the total residue weighed as a measure of the n-hexane extractable fraction.
- the advantages of the invention are essentially no fluidization problems or plugging; stable, continuous operation; acceptable morphology, i.e., small particle size, regular particle shape, and higher settled bulk density; increased catalyst productivity; acceptable xylene solubles level; high ethylene content; wider product compositional range; reasonable production rate; and low odor levels.
- the solid material is then slurried in a solution of 4.7 liters of titanium tetrachloride (8100 grams, 43 mols) in 1.2 liters of chlorobenzene at room temperature.
- a solution of 45 grams (0.22 mol) of phthaloyl dichloride in 3.7 liters of chlorobenzene is added to the slurry at room temperature, and the resulting slurry is then heated to 110°C with stirring, the temperature being maintained for 30 minutes. At the end of this time, the mixture is filtered while hot. A solid material is collected.
- the solid material is reslurried in a solution of 4.7 liters of titanium tetrachloride (8100 grams, 43 mols) in 1.2 liters of chlorobenzene at room temperature. An additional 3.7 liters of chlorobenzene is then added to the slurry at room temperatures and the resulting slurry is heated to 110°C with stirring, the temperature being maintained in 30 minutes. At the end of this time, the mixture is filtered while hot. A solid material is collected.
- the solid material is reslurried once again in a solution of 4.7 liters of titanium tetrachloride (8100 grams, 43 mols) in 1.2 liters of chlorobenzene at room temperature.
- An additional 3.2 liters of chlorobenzene is then added to the slurry at room temperature, and the resulting slurry is heated to 110°C with stirring, the temperature being maintained for 30 minutes.
- the mixture is filtered while hot.
- the residue is washed 6 times with 500 milliliter portions of hexane at 25°C, and then dried under a nitrogen purge.
- the product weighs about 500 grams.
- the solid catalyst component prepared in Example 1 is continuously fed into a fluidized bed reactor as a 30 percent by weight dispersion in mineral oil. Simultaneously, and continuously, triethylaluminum cocatalyst as a 2.5 percent by weight solution in isopentane and diphenyldimethoxysilane (selectivity control agent) as a 1.0 percent by weight solution in isopentane are also added to the reactor.
- Sufficient solid catalyst component, cocatalyst, and selectivity control agent are introduced into the reactor to maintain the molar ratios of aluminum to selectivity control agent (SCA) and of triethylaluminum (TEAL) to titanium set forth in the Table.
- SCA selectivity control agent
- TEAL triethylaluminum
- Propylene, ethylene, hydrogen, and nitrogen are added to maintain a specified total pressure except that no hydrogen is added in example 2.
- the total pressure and partial pressures of propylene and ethylene are mentioned in the Table as well as the hydrogen/propylene molar ratio.
- the balance of the total pressure is made up with nitrogen.
- the gas feed is accomplished through the use of a syringe continuous feeder. Except for example 7, the resin product is transferred from the fluidized bed to a purge bin in which the resin flows downward by gravity and humidified nitrogen flows upward so that the contained moisture can deactivate the catalyst components in the resin to reduce odor.
- Example 6 is cracked, i.e., peroxide compounds are added to the resin so that the melt flow is increased or the molecular weight of the polymer is reduced.
- the reactor is a pilot scale model, 14 inches in diameter and 28 feet in height. It is operated in the condensing mode. Condensing mode operation is described in United States Patents 4,543,399 and 4,588,790 (both incorporated by reference herein) wherein the recycle gas stream is intentionally cooled to a temperature at or below the dew point of the recycle gas stream to produce a two-phase gas/liquid mixture under conditions such that the liquid phase of said mixture will remain entrained at least from the point of entry until it passes into the fluidized bed.
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Abstract
with the proviso that the temperature in the reaction zone is in the range of about 50°C to about 150°C; the molar ratio of aluminum to silicon compound is in the range of about 0.5 to about 100; the propylene partial pressure is in the range of about 50 to about 600 psi; and the ethylene partial pressure is in the range of about 0.25 to about 25 psi.
Description
- This invention relates to a process for the preparation of random copolymers of ethylene and propylene.
- In European patent application 88 107 969.3, which is incorporated by reference herein, a process is provided for producing stereo regular polymers. More particularly, it was found that polymers having an isotactic index of at least 96 percent could be prepared in high yield at high production rates by polymerizing an alpha-olefin in a low pressure gas phase fluidized bed process at temperatures in excess of 50°C employing a catalyst system comprising (i) a solid catalyst precursor, which includes magnesium, titanium, halogen and an inner electron donor, i.e., a polycarboxylic acid ester containing two coplanar ester groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms; (ii) a hydrocarbylaluminum cocatalyst; and (iii) an outer electron donor or selectivity control agent, i.e., a silicon compound containing a silicon-oxygen-carbon linkage wherein the atomic ratio of aluminum to silicon is in the range of about 0.5:1 to about 100:1 and the atomic ratio of aluminum to titanium is in the range of about 5:1 to about 300:1.
- The catalyst system can be used to produce copolymers of ethylene and propylene in which a small amount of ethylene is incorporated at random into the backbone of polypropylene. The copolymerization is generally accomplished in a fluidized bed reactor. This kind of copolymer has advantages over polypropylene homopolymer in having better clarity and better heat sealing characteristics. Further, the stiffness of the random copolymer is lower than the homopolymer. The primary markets for these random copolymers are in film applications and blow-molding. Recently, some injection molded products have been made with random copolymers.
- In order to improve the reactivity of the catalyst system, mentioned above, and thus, its productivity, it is known to increase that portion of the copolymer which is based on ethylene. Unfortunately, the use of conventional process conditions together with this catalyst system and additional ethylene results in large, blown-up, irregular shaped agglomerated copolymer particles, which are "popcorn" like or "flake" like in appearance. These particles are fairly rigid and tend not to break apart after they are formed. The irregular shape and the agglomeration are responsible for the low bulk density of the resin, and the low bulk density together with the large particle size translates into poor flow characteristics. This causes fluidization problems in the reactor, and plugs product discharge systems and other downstream equipment, to such an extent that continuous operation is essentially impossible.
- An object of this invention, therefore, is to provide a process for the preparation of random copolymer of propylene and ethylene utilizing increased ethylene to provide enhanced activity, but with good flow properties.
- Other objects and advantages will become apparent hereinafter.
- According to the present invention, a process for the copolymerization of at least the two comonomers, propylene and ethylene, has been discovered comprising contacting the comonomers in the gas phase in at least one reaction zone, under polymerization conditions, with a catalyst system comprising (i) a solid catalyst precursor, which includes magnesium; titanium; a halogen which is chlorine, bromine, or iodine, or mixtures thereof; and a polycarboxylic acid ester containing two coplanar ester groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms; (ii) a hydrocarbylaluminum cocatalyst; and (iii) a silicon compound containing at least one silicon-oxygen-carbon linkage wherein the atomic ratio of aluminum to titanium is in the range of about 5 to about 300,
with the proviso that the temperature in the reaction zone is in the range of about 50°C to about 150°C; the molar ratio of aluminum to silicon compound is in the range of about 0.5 to about 100; the propylene partial pressure is in the range of about 50 to about 600 psi; and the ethylene partial pressure is in the range of about 0.25 to about 25 psi. - The solid catalyst precursor is prepared by halogenating a magnesium compound of the formula MgRR′ wherein R is an alkoxide or aryloxide group and R′ is an alkoxide or aryloxide group or a halogen with a halogenated tetravalent titanium compound containing at least two halogen atoms in the presence of a halohydrocarbon and a polycarboxylic acid ester containing two coplanar ester groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms. The alkoxide groups can contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms and the aryloxide groups 6 to 10 carbon atoms. The halogen can be chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
- Suitable magnesium compounds are magnesium diethoxide, magnesium diisopropoxide, magnesium di-n-butoxide, magnesium diphenoxide, magnesium dinaphthoxide, ethoxy magnesium isobutoxide, ethoxy magnesium phenoxide, naphthoxy magnesium isoamyloxide, ethoxy magnesium bromide, isobutoxy magnesium chloride, phenoxy magnesium iodide, cumyloxy magnesium bromide, and naphthoxy magnesium chloride.
- The halogenated tetravalent titanium compound contains at least two halogen atoms and can have up to two alkoxy and/or aryloxy groups. Examples are TiCl₄, TiBr₄, diethoxy titanium dibromide, isopropoxy titanium triiodide, dihexoxy titanium dichloride, and phenoxy titanium trichloride.
- The halohydrocarbon, while preferably aromatic, can be aliphatic or alicyclic. Suitable halohydrocarbons are chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichlorodibromobenzene, chlorotoluene, dichlorotoluene, chloronaphthalene, dibromomethane, trichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethane, dichlorofluoroethane, hexachloroethane, trichloropropane, chlorobutane, dichlorobutane, chloropentane, trichlorofluorooctane, tetrachloroisooctane, dibromodifluorodecane, dibromocyclobutane, and trichlorocyclohexane.
- The halogenated tetravalent titanium compound and the halohydrocarbon preferably contain no more than 12 carbon atoms.
- Suitable polycarboxylic acid esters are characterized by a molecularly rigid structure wherein two ester groups are attached to adjacent carbon atoms of the molecule and lie in a single plane. Such esters include polycarboxylic acid esters containing two ester groups which are attached to (a) ortho carbon atoms of a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring, each of said ester groups being further linked to a branched or unbranched chain hydrocarbon radical; (b) vicinal carbon atoms of a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic ring and which lie in a syn configuration with respect to each other, each of said ester groups being further linked to a branched or unbranched chain hydrocarbon radical; or (c) vicinal double bonded carbon atoms of an unsaturated aliphatic compound and which lie in a syn configuration with respect to each other, each of said ester groups being further linked to a branched or unbranched chain hydrocarbon radical.
- These polycarboxylic acid esters are derived from a suitable polycarboxylic acid and a monohydric alcohol having a linear hydrocarbon moiety which may be branched or unbranched.
- The alcohol component of said polycarboxylic acid esters contain e.g. up to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the polycarboxylic acid moities is preferably 6 to 20, with the more preferred range of 8 to 16 carbon atoms for corresponding aromatic compounds and 6 to 10 carbon atoms for non-aromatic cyclic compounds. Examples of polycarboxylic acid esters are mentioned dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-propyl phthalate, diisopropyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, di-tert-butyl phthalate, diisoamyl phthalate, di-tert-amyl phthalate, dineopentyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethyldecyl phthalate, diethyl-1,2-fluorenedicarboxylate, diisopropyl-1-,2-ferrocenedicarboxylate, cis-diisobutyl-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate, endo-diisobutyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate, and endo-diisobutyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate, diisobutyl maleate, and diisoamyl citraconate.
- Halogenation of the magnesium compound is effected employing an excess of titanium compound, about 2 mols to about 100 mols of titanium compound per mole of magnesium compound. The halohydrocarbon is employed in an amount sufficient to dissolve the titanium compound and the ester, and to adequately disperse the solid, insoluble magnesium compound. The magnesium compound can be used in an amount of about 0.005 to 2.0 mols of magnesium compound per mol of halohydrocarbon and the ester in an amount of about 0.0005 to about 2.0 mols of ester per mol of titanium compound. The halogenation of the magnesium compound can be carried out in a temperature range of about 60°C to about 150°C over a period of about 0.1 to about 6 hours. The halogenated product is a solid material which can be isolated from the liquid reaction medium by filtration or decantation. After separation, it is treated one or more times with the titanium compound in the same molar ratio to remove residuals and maximize catalyst activity. The halohydrocarbon is usually employed during this treatment to dissolve the titanium compound and disperse the halogenated product. The treatment is preferably carried out twice, the second treatment being in the presence of a polycarboxylic acid halide containing two coplanar acid groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms. About 5 to about 200 millimols of acid halide are generally employed per gram atom of magnesium. Suitable acid halides include phthaloyl dichloride, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid dichloride, endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid dichloride, maleic acid dichloride, and citraconic acid dichloride.
- After the solid halogenated product has been treated one or more times with additional halogenated tetravalent titanium compound, it is separated from the liquid reaction medium, washed with an inert hydrocarbon to remove unreacted titanium compounds, and dried. The final washed product suitably has a titanium content of about 0.5 percent by weight to about 6.0 percent by weight. The atomic ratio of titanium to magnesium in the final product is in the range of about 0.01:1 to about 0.2:1. The polycarboxylic acid ester is present in a molar ratio of ester to magnesium of about 0.005:1 to about 10:1.
- The hydrocarbyl aluminum cocatalyst can be represented by the formula R₃Al wherein each R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or hydride radical; at least one R is a hydrocarbyl radical; two or three R radicals can be joined in a cyclic radical forming a heterocyclic structure; each R can be alike or different; and each R, which is a hydrocarbyl radical, has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Further, each alkyl radical can be straight or branched chain and such hydrocarbyl radical can be a mixed radical, i.e., the radical can contain alkyl, aryl, and/or cycloalkyl groups. Examples of suitable radicals are: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 5,5-dimethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, isodecyl, undecyl, dodecyl, phenyl, phenethyl, methoxyphenyl, benzyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, naphthal, methylnaphthyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
- Examples of suitable hydrocarbyl aluminum compounds are as follows: triisobutylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, di-isobutylaluminum hydride, dihexylaluminum hydride, isobutylaluminum dihydride, hexylaluminum dihydride, di-isobutylhexylaluminum, isobutyl dihexylaluminum, trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tripropyaluminum, triisopropyaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, tridecylaluminum, tridodecylaluminum, tribenzylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, trinaphthylaluminum, and tritolylaluminum. The preferred hydrocarbyl aluminums are triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, di-isobutylaluminum hydride, and dihexylaluminum hydride.
- The silicon compounds include compounds having the formula RaSiYbXc wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Y is -OR or -OCOR; and X is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, or iodine; each R and Y are alike or different; a is an integer from 0 to 3; b is an integer from 1 to 4; c is 0 or 1; and a + b + c = 4. R can be substituted or unsubstituted. Silicon compounds containing Si-O-Si groups can also be employed providing that at least one Si-O-C group is present. Examples of useful silicon compounds are diphenyldimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, di-tert-butyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldiisobutoxysilane, diisobutyldimethoxysilane, and dimethyldiethoxysilane.
- The polymer is prepared in the gas phase, generally, by continuously contacting the catalyst system with at least the two comonomers, propylene and ethylene, in one or more fluidized bed reactors such as that described in United States Patent 4,482,687 or another conventional reactor for the gas phase production of, for example, polypropylene or propylene copolymers.
- Other comonomers can be included in the propylene/ethylene copolymer. In this specification, the term "copolymer" is considered to mean a polymer based on two or more comonomers. The additional comonomers can be alpha-olefins having 4 to 12 carbon atoms or conjugated or non-conjugated dienes containing 5 to 25 carbon atoms. Useful alpha-olefins preferably do not contain any branching on carbon atoms closer than two carbon atoms removed from the double bond. Examples of suitable alpha-olefins include 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methylpentene-1, 1-heptene, and 1-octene. Examples of the dienes are 1,4-pentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, 1-vinyl-1-cyclopentene, and the alkylbicyclononadienes, indenes, and norbornenes. Ethylidene norbornene is an example of the latter. The non-conjugated dienes are preferred.
- In the copolymer, the portion attributed to propylene is in the range of about 80 to about 99.5 percent by weight based on the weight of the copolymer and is preferably in the range of about 90 to about 99.5 percent by weight; the portion attributed to ethylene is in the range of about 0.5 to about 20 percent by weight and is preferably in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight; and the portion attributed to other comonomers, if any, is in the range of about 0.5 to about 20 percent by weight. All percentages are based on the weight of the random copolymer.
- The amount of ethylene incorporated into the copolymer, i.e., the portion of the copolymer based on ethylene, is arrived at by determining the crystalline melting point of the copolymer. This melting point is measured with a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The melting point of propylene homopolymer varies between 161°C and l65°C depending on crystallinity while the melting point of C₃/C₂ random copolymer is depressed as the amount of incorporated ethylene increases and, as a rule of thumb, 5°C in melting point depression corresponds to one weight percent of ethylene incorporation. The DSC or crystalline melting point is found to be a linear function of the ethylene to propylene gas phase molar ratio. Therefore, the weight percent of ethylene incorporation is also linearly proportional to the ethylene to propylene gas phase molar ratio.
- The fluidized bed, or other gas phase, reactor is operated at a temperature in the range of about 50°C to about 150°C and preferably at a temperature in the range of about 60°C to about 90°C. The operating pressure is in the range of about 200 psig to about 650 psig or higher and preferably about 250 psig to about 550 psig. The partial pressure of the propylene is in the range of about 50 to about 600 psi and is preferably about 150 to about 500 psi. The partial pressure of ethylene is in the range of about 0.25 to about 25 psi and is preferably about 1 to about 15 psi. The total partial pressure of other comonomers can be about 0.5 to about 75 psi. The molar ratio of ethylene to propylene is about 0.005 to 0.056 and is preferably about 0.01 to 0.045. The superficial gas velocity, which can be calculated by measuring cycle gas flow, is, generally, maintained in the range of about 0.1 to about 5 feet per second and is preferably in the range of about 0.5 to about 3 feet per second. The superficial gas velocity is preferably used together with a slow transition in order to optimize the results. In other words, the ethylene concentration in the gas phase is increased slowly to the desired level for the product.
- The residence time of the alpha-olefin in the reactor is in the range of about 1 to about 20 hours and preferably about 2 to about 6 hours. The velocity of the fluidizing gas is in the range of about 0.1 to about 5.0 feet per second or higher and preferably about 0.5 to about 2.0 feet per second. Hydrogen or another chain transfer agent can be used in the process. The molar ratio of hydrogen to alpha-olefin used in the fluidized bed reactor is in the range of about 0.0005:1 to about 0.2:1 and is preferably in the range of about 0.01:1 to about 0.1:1. This translates into a hydrogen partial pressure in the range of about 0.1 psi to about 200 psi and preferably about 0.5 psi to about 50 psi. The balance of the operating pressure utilized in the reactor, i.e., after the partial pressure of propylene, ethylene, and, if used, other comonomers and the hydrogen partial pressure are considered, can be made up by using an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- Where it is desired to produce the propylene/ethylene random copolymer only, one fluidized bed reactor is used. In the case of impact grade copolymers, a second fluidized bed reactor is needed.
- In subject process, the components of the catalyst system are maintained in an amount such that the atomic ratio of aluminum in the cocatalyst to silicon in the selectivity control agent is about 0.5 to about 100, and preferably is about 1 to about 25, and the atomic ratio of aluminum in the cocatalyst to titanium in the solid catalyst component is about 5 to 300, and is preferably about 10 to about 200.
- The results which can be obtained by the use of the above enumerated parameters are as follows:
- Melt Flow Rate can be in the range of about 0.01 to about 1000 and is preferably in the range of about 0.05 to about 500. It is determined under ASTM D-1238, Condition L, measured at 230°C with a 2160 gram load, and reported as grams per 10 minutes (g/10min).
- Average Particle Size can be in the range of about 0.005 to about 0.5 inch and is preferably in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.08 inch. Average particle size is determined as follows: pass the powders through a series of ASTM standard sieves, weigh the retained particles on each sieve, and calculate the number average particle size.
- Settled Bulk Density can be in the range of about 5 to about 35 pounds per cubic foot and is preferably in the range of about 15 to about 25 pounds per cubic foot. Settled bulk density is determined as follows: a resin sample of a fixed volume is collected and weighed. Bulk density is calculated by dividing the weight by the volume.
- Production Rate can be about 5 to about 40 times 1000 pounds of copolymer per hour and is preferably about 10 to about 30 times 1000 pounds of copolymer per hour. Production rate is determined by weighing the resin produced every hour.
- Xylene Solubles are held to a maximum of about 50 percent by weight based on the weight of the copolymer and is preferably maintained at a level no higher than about 30 percent by weight. Xylene solubles are defined as the percent by weight that stays in solution after the copolymer sample is dissolved in hot xylene and the solution is allowed to cool to 23°C. Low xylene solubles are desired to avoid a phenomenon called "plate-out", which is a migration of the low molecular weight species to the surface of the resin during processing. This can occur if the xylene solubles value becomes excessive.
- FDA % hexane extractables are maintained at a level no higher than about 20 percent by weight based on the weight of the copolymer and is preferably kept at a level no higher than about 5.5 percent by weight. A film sample of the copolymer 3 to 4 mils in thickness (prepared by chill roll extrusion) is extracted at 50°C in n-hexane for 2 hours and then filtered. The filtrate is evaporated and the total residue weighed as a measure of the n-hexane extractable fraction.
- The advantages of the invention are essentially no fluidization problems or plugging; stable, continuous operation; acceptable morphology, i.e., small particle size, regular particle shape, and higher settled bulk density; increased catalyst productivity; acceptable xylene solubles level; high ethylene content; wider product compositional range; reasonable production rate; and low odor levels.
- The invention is illustrated by the following examples:
- To a solution of 70 milliliters of titanium tetrachloride (120 grams, 0.64 mol) in 3.7 liters of chlorobenzene are added, in succession, 180 milliliters of diisobutyl phthalate (187 grams, 0.67 mol), 590 grams (5.2 mols) of magnesium diethoxide, and a solution of 4.7 liters of titanium tetrachloride (8100 grams, 43 mols) in 1.2 liters of chlorobenzene. A temperature of 20°C to 25°C is maintained during these additions. The resulting mixture is then heated to 110°C with stirring, the temperature being maintained for 1 hour. At the end of this time, the mixture is filtered while hot. A solid material is collected.
- The solid material is then slurried in a solution of 4.7 liters of titanium tetrachloride (8100 grams, 43 mols) in 1.2 liters of chlorobenzene at room temperature. A solution of 45 grams (0.22 mol) of phthaloyl dichloride in 3.7 liters of chlorobenzene is added to the slurry at room temperature, and the resulting slurry is then heated to 110°C with stirring, the temperature being maintained for 30 minutes. At the end of this time, the mixture is filtered while hot. A solid material is collected.
- The solid material is reslurried in a solution of 4.7 liters of titanium tetrachloride (8100 grams, 43 mols) in 1.2 liters of chlorobenzene at room temperature. An additional 3.7 liters of chlorobenzene is then added to the slurry at room temperatures and the resulting slurry is heated to 110°C with stirring, the temperature being maintained in 30 minutes. At the end of this time, the mixture is filtered while hot. A solid material is collected.
- The solid material is reslurried once again in a solution of 4.7 liters of titanium tetrachloride (8100 grams, 43 mols) in 1.2 liters of chlorobenzene at room temperature. An additional 3.2 liters of chlorobenzene is then added to the slurry at room temperature, and the resulting slurry is heated to 110°C with stirring, the temperature being maintained for 30 minutes. At the end of this time, the mixture is filtered while hot. The residue is washed 6 times with 500 milliliter portions of hexane at 25°C, and then dried under a nitrogen purge. The product weighs about 500 grams.
- The solid catalyst component prepared in Example 1 is continuously fed into a fluidized bed reactor as a 30 percent by weight dispersion in mineral oil. Simultaneously, and continuously, triethylaluminum cocatalyst as a 2.5 percent by weight solution in isopentane and diphenyldimethoxysilane (selectivity control agent) as a 1.0 percent by weight solution in isopentane are also added to the reactor.
- Sufficient solid catalyst component, cocatalyst, and selectivity control agent are introduced into the reactor to maintain the molar ratios of aluminum to selectivity control agent (SCA) and of triethylaluminum (TEAL) to titanium set forth in the Table.
- Propylene, ethylene, hydrogen, and nitrogen are added to maintain a specified total pressure except that no hydrogen is added in example 2. The total pressure and partial pressures of propylene and ethylene are mentioned in the Table as well as the hydrogen/propylene molar ratio. The balance of the total pressure is made up with nitrogen. The gas feed is accomplished through the use of a syringe continuous feeder. Except for example 7, the resin product is transferred from the fluidized bed to a purge bin in which the resin flows downward by gravity and humidified nitrogen flows upward so that the contained moisture can deactivate the catalyst components in the resin to reduce odor. Example 6 is cracked, i.e., peroxide compounds are added to the resin so that the melt flow is increased or the molecular weight of the polymer is reduced.
- The reactor is a pilot scale model, 14 inches in diameter and 28 feet in height. It is operated in the condensing mode. Condensing mode operation is described in United States Patents 4,543,399 and 4,588,790 (both incorporated by reference herein) wherein the recycle gas stream is intentionally cooled to a temperature at or below the dew point of the recycle gas stream to produce a two-phase gas/liquid mixture under conditions such that the liquid phase of said mixture will remain entrained at least from the point of entry until it passes into the fluidized bed.
- Variables and results are set forth in the Table.
-
- 1. The temperature maintained in the reactor is given in degrees Centigrade (°C).
- 2. SCA = selectivity control agent
- 3. TEAL = triethyl aluminum
- 4. The residence time of each pound of propylene and ethylene, combined, in the reactor is given in hours (hrs).
- 5. The parts per million (ppm) parts of copolymer (by weight) of titanium is given. The ppm of titanium are determined by the spectrophotometric method.
- 6. DSC melting point (°C) is determined by heating a small sample in a differential scanning calorimeter at a constant rate, cooling at a constant rate, and reheating at a constant rate.
- 7. DSC crystallinity (%) is determined as follows: the heat of fusion of a copolymer sample is determined by differential scanning calorimeter. This value is, then, divided by 39.4 calories per gram to give the percent DSC crystallinity.
- 8. Ethylene (%) = the portion of the copolymer, in percent by weight, attributed to ethylene. It is estimated from the DSC melting point.
- 9. 1% SFM (kpsi x 10⁻²) is the secan flexural modulus, a measure of stiffness. It is defined as the slope of the stress-strain line at one percent strain. The unit is kpsi (kpsi = 100 pounds per square inch). 1% SFM is determined according to ASTM D-790.
- 10. Tensile Strength (kpsi) is determined according to ASTM 412.
- 11. Gels are believed to be composed of high molecular weight resin. They are a detriment to film optical properties and are responsible for a loss of production in processing because of broken bubbles and split webs. The determination her is made by observation.
- 12. Izod (R.T.) is determined by the method of ASTM D256. R.T. = room temperature (25°C).
- 13. % FDA extractables are determined from the copolymer extruded with 350 ppm of an antioxidant.
- 14. Odor is determined as follows: one pound of granular copolymer is introduced into a sealed glass jar and heated to 90°C under circulating air. After shaking well, the copolymer is given to a three person odor panel to smell and give a rating of 0 to 10. Usually a rating of 0 to 3 is considered a low level of odor and a rating of 4 or more, a high level of odor.
- 15. Mn = number average molecular weight.
- 16. Mw = weight average molecular weight.
- 17. Mz = higher moment molecular weight portions of molecular weight distribution.
- 18. Mw/Mn = polydispersity, a measure of the breadth of the molecular weight distribution.
- 19. The parts per million of copolymer (by weight) of residual elements other than titanium are given. The ppm are determined by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy.
-
TABLE Example 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 temperature (°C) 80 80 80 80 80 80 65 total pressure (psia) 315 315 315 315 321 319 322 propylene partial pressure (psia) 168 159 158 158 163 172 165 ethylene partial pressure (psia) 3.8 5.3 5.0 6.7 6.4 7.8 8.1 ethylene (% by wt. of total gases) 1.2 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.5 ethylene/propylene molar ratio (x100) 2.3 3.3 3.2 4.2 3.9 4.5 4.9 aluminum/SCA molar ratio 1.5 2.9 2.6 1.9 2.4 2.2 1.0 hydrogen/propylene molar ratio (x1000) - 4.1 3.8 5.4 0.75 0.5 187 TEAL/titanium molar ratio 51 61 63 45 63 62 44 residence time (hours) 3.6 4 4 3.8 3 to 4 3 to 4 4 to 5 Resin Properties Melt Flow Rate (g/10 min) - 4.5 4.1 3.5 0.52 0.58 118 Settled Bulk Density (lbs/cu.ft.) 22.7 23.0 22.6 20.3 20.2 19.0 18.8 Average Particle Size (inch) 0.019 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.024 0.05 0.019 Titanium Residue (ppm) 2.3 1.8 1.8 3 2.0 1.9 2.7 Xylene Solubles (%) 6.5 7.9 8.4 10.5 9.0 12.0 19.0 DSC melting point (°C)(?) 143 138 138 130.5 129.4 125.9 131.5 DSC crystallinity (%) - 98 - 94 - - - ethylene (%) 4.4 5.4 5.4 6.9 7.1 7.8 6.7 1% SFM (kpsi x 10⁻²) - 1.01 - 0.76 0.85 0.74 - tensile strength (kpsi) - 1.04 - 0.80 - - - gels - - - - few none Izod (R.T.) - 1.3 - 2.4 9.2 10 - % FDA extractables - 2.26 - 2.83 1.4 to 1.9 1.5 - Odor - 1 to 2 - 0 to 2 - - - Molecular Weight Distribution Mn 59,600 Mw 308,100 Mz 851,800 Mw/Mn 5.17 Residue (other than Ti) (ppm) Al 24 Ca <1 Fe <1 Mg 18 Na <5 Si 35 Zn 191
Claims (9)
with the proviso that the temperature in the reaction zone is in the range of about 50°C to about 150°C, e.g. of about 60°C to about 90°C; the molar ratio of aluminum to silicon compound is in the range of about 0.5 to about 100, e.g. of about 1 to about 25; the propylene partial pressure is in the range of about 50 to about 600 psi, e.g. of about 150 to about 500 psi; and the ethylene partial pressure is in the range of about 0.25 to about 25 psi, e.g. of about 1 to about 15 psi.
RaSiYbXc
wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Y is -OR or -OCOR; and X is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, or iodine; each R and Y are alike or different; a is an integer from 0 to 3; b is an integer from 1 to 4; c is 0 or 1; and a + b + c = 4.
Priority Applications (1)
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AT89108520T ATE70071T1 (en) | 1988-05-12 | 1989-05-11 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RANDOM COPOLYMERS. |
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US19309388A | 1988-05-12 | 1988-05-12 | |
US193093 | 1988-05-12 |
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EP0341724A1 true EP0341724A1 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
EP0341724B1 EP0341724B1 (en) | 1991-12-04 |
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EP89108520A Expired - Lifetime EP0341724B1 (en) | 1988-05-12 | 1989-05-11 | Process for the preparation of random copolymers |
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---|---|
EP (1) | EP0341724B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0725848B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR940002716B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1040218C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE70071T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU609295B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8902205A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1324234C (en) |
DE (1) | DE68900495D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2026714T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3003926T3 (en) |
MY (1) | MY105198A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA893525B (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996026228A1 (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1996-08-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Statistical propylene copolymers for foams |
EP0761700A2 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-12 | Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited | Propylene-ethylene random copolymer, process for producing the same and film thereof |
WO1997031954A1 (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-09-04 | Montell North America Inc. | Process for the preparation of random propylene copolymers and products obtained therefrom |
US6420021B1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2002-07-16 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Propylenic copolymer, and its film |
US6649725B2 (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 2003-11-18 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Propylenic copolymer, and its film |
US6737171B2 (en) | 1996-11-25 | 2004-05-18 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Propylenic random copolymer and composition comprising it, and film comprising the copolymer or composition |
US20110245446A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2011-10-06 | Borealis Technology Oy | Catalyst system for polypropylene copolymers |
US8063160B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2011-11-22 | Basell Poliolefine Italia, s.r.l. | Propylene-ethylene copolymers and process for their preparation |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR8904833A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-05-01 | Union Carbide Chem Plastic | PROCESS FOR HOMOPOLIMERIZATION OR COPOLIMERIZATION |
PT93853A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-11-20 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals | METHOD FOR PREPARING A SINDIOTATIC POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMER |
DE4011160A1 (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1991-10-17 | Basf Ag | COPOLYMERISATE OF PROPYLENE WITH OTHER ALK-1-ENES |
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FR2516520A1 (en) * | 1981-11-13 | 1983-05-20 | Mitsui Petrochemical Ind | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OLEFIN POLYMERS OR COPOLYMERS AND SOLID TITANIUM CATALYTIC COMPONENT FOR USE THEREOF |
EP0115940A1 (en) * | 1983-01-25 | 1984-08-15 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Film-forming propylene copolymer, film thereof and process for production of the film |
GB2143834A (en) * | 1983-07-20 | 1985-02-20 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Polymerization catalyst |
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EP0099774B2 (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1995-03-22 | BP Chimie Société Anonyme | Process for the polymerization and copolymerization of alpha-olefins in a fluidized bed |
JPS6044507A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1985-03-09 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Catalytic components and catalyst thereof for olefin polymerization |
JPS6023404A (en) * | 1983-07-20 | 1985-02-06 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Catalytic component and catalyst for polymerizing olefins |
JPS60139706A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-07-24 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Olefin polymerization catalyst component |
JPS61126109A (en) * | 1984-11-22 | 1986-06-13 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Catalyst component and catalyst for polymerization of olefin |
US5093415A (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1992-03-03 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for producing stereoregular polymers having a narrow molecular weight distribution |
MY103495A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1993-06-30 | Shell Oil Co | Propylene polymers and their production |
-
1989
- 1989-05-11 AT AT89108520T patent/ATE70071T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-11 MY MYPI89000627A patent/MY105198A/en unknown
- 1989-05-11 CA CA000599394A patent/CA1324234C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-11 ZA ZA893525A patent/ZA893525B/en unknown
- 1989-05-11 BR BR898902205A patent/BR8902205A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-11 DE DE8989108520T patent/DE68900495D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-11 EP EP89108520A patent/EP0341724B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-11 ES ES198989108520T patent/ES2026714T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-11 KR KR1019890006305A patent/KR940002716B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-11 CN CN89103158A patent/CN1040218C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-11 JP JP1116236A patent/JPH0725848B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-11 AU AU34684/89A patent/AU609295B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-02-28 GR GR910401858T patent/GR3003926T3/el unknown
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US4219633A (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1980-08-26 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for the preparation of ethylene-propylene random copolymers |
FR2516520A1 (en) * | 1981-11-13 | 1983-05-20 | Mitsui Petrochemical Ind | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OLEFIN POLYMERS OR COPOLYMERS AND SOLID TITANIUM CATALYTIC COMPONENT FOR USE THEREOF |
EP0115940A1 (en) * | 1983-01-25 | 1984-08-15 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Film-forming propylene copolymer, film thereof and process for production of the film |
GB2143834A (en) * | 1983-07-20 | 1985-02-20 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Polymerization catalyst |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1996026228A1 (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1996-08-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Statistical propylene copolymers for foams |
SG86984A1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 2002-03-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Propylene-ethylene random copolymer, process for producing the same and film thereof |
KR100474452B1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 2005-06-27 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | Propylene-ethylene random copolymer, preparation method thereof and film thereof |
EP0761700A3 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-11-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited | Propylene-ethylene random copolymer, process for producing the same and film thereof |
US6057413A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 2000-05-02 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Propylene-ethylene random copolymer film |
EP0761700A2 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-12 | Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited | Propylene-ethylene random copolymer, process for producing the same and film thereof |
US6649725B2 (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 2003-11-18 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Propylenic copolymer, and its film |
AU730331B2 (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 2001-03-01 | Montell North America Inc. | Process for the preparation of random propylene copolymers and products obtained therefrom |
US6365685B1 (en) | 1996-02-27 | 2002-04-02 | Remall North America | Process for the preparation of random propylene copolymers and products obtained therefrom |
WO1997031954A1 (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-09-04 | Montell North America Inc. | Process for the preparation of random propylene copolymers and products obtained therefrom |
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US6420021B1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2002-07-16 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Propylenic copolymer, and its film |
US6737171B2 (en) | 1996-11-25 | 2004-05-18 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Propylenic random copolymer and composition comprising it, and film comprising the copolymer or composition |
US8063160B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2011-11-22 | Basell Poliolefine Italia, s.r.l. | Propylene-ethylene copolymers and process for their preparation |
US20110245446A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2011-10-06 | Borealis Technology Oy | Catalyst system for polypropylene copolymers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0277411A (en) | 1990-03-16 |
GR3003926T3 (en) | 1993-03-16 |
CN1038651A (en) | 1990-01-10 |
ATE70071T1 (en) | 1991-12-15 |
KR890017273A (en) | 1989-12-15 |
AU3468489A (en) | 1989-11-16 |
MY105198A (en) | 1994-08-30 |
JPH0725848B2 (en) | 1995-03-22 |
BR8902205A (en) | 1990-01-02 |
ZA893525B (en) | 1990-01-31 |
EP0341724B1 (en) | 1991-12-04 |
DE68900495D1 (en) | 1992-01-16 |
ES2026714T3 (en) | 1992-05-01 |
CN1040218C (en) | 1998-10-14 |
KR940002716B1 (en) | 1994-03-31 |
CA1324234C (en) | 1993-11-09 |
AU609295B2 (en) | 1991-04-26 |
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