EP0331700B1 - Prestressable surgical network - Google Patents

Prestressable surgical network Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0331700B1
EP0331700B1 EP88907651A EP88907651A EP0331700B1 EP 0331700 B1 EP0331700 B1 EP 0331700B1 EP 88907651 A EP88907651 A EP 88907651A EP 88907651 A EP88907651 A EP 88907651A EP 0331700 B1 EP0331700 B1 EP 0331700B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
quiver
prosthesis
bone
network according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88907651A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0331700A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dr.Med. Draenert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Medacta SA
Original Assignee
DRAENERT, Klaus, Dr.med.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DRAENERT, Klaus, Dr.med. filed Critical DRAENERT, Klaus, Dr.med.
Priority to AT88907651T priority Critical patent/ATE96641T1/en
Publication of EP0331700A1 publication Critical patent/EP0331700A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0331700B1 publication Critical patent/EP0331700B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30907Nets or sleeves applied to surface of prostheses or in cement
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/02Inorganic materials
    • A61L31/022Metals or alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/02Inorganic materials
    • A61L31/026Ceramic or ceramic-like structures, e.g. glasses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/04Macromolecular materials
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    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/04Macromolecular materials
    • A61L31/043Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof
    • A61L31/044Collagen
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    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/04Macromolecular materials
    • A61L31/048Macromolecular materials obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/04Macromolecular materials
    • A61L31/06Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/08Materials for coatings
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    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/148Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • A61B17/8805Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
    • A61B17/8808Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it with sealing collar for bone cavity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30721Accessories
    • A61F2/30724Spacers for centering an implant in a bone cavity, e.g. in a cement-receiving cavity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/3094Designing or manufacturing processes
    • A61F2/30965Reinforcing the prosthesis by embedding particles or fibres during moulding or dipping
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3662Femoral shafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3662Femoral shafts
    • A61F2/367Proximal or metaphyseal parts of shafts
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30062(bio)absorbable, biodegradable, bioerodable, (bio)resorbable, resorptive
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
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    • A61F2002/30909Nets
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    • A61F2002/30929Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth having at least two superposed coatings
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    • A61L2430/00Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surgical support or network as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a surgical support or network is known from EP-A-0 159 036.
  • Joint replacement components are usually anchored in the bone either with the help of a cold-polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic or by direct blocking in the bone without bone cement. Attempts have recently also been made to anchor implant components more physiologically through tensioned constructions (AH Huggler: The pressure disk prosthesis in the seventh year of its clinical application, in Draenert, K. and Jott A. (ed.); Histo-morphology of the musculoskeletal system 3, Art and Science, Kunststoff, 1987).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the anchoring of artificial joint replacement components in the bone very often fails due to the fact that the forces cannot be transferred evenly to the bone, which means that with cementless components with a high modulus of elasticity, a stress concentration (stress peak) in defined areas, where the majority the load is taken up, leads to compacting of the bone, while the remaining bone sections atrophy, since they are no longer used.
  • the cement very often cannot withstand the high loads for a long time and breaks, which ultimately results in the loosening of the joint replacement component.
  • the shear forces have the most unfavorable effect on the differentiation and development of the pluripotent mesenchyme, the germ tissue from which the bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts, ultimately emerge.
  • the pure wire reinforcements according to DE-A-29 17 446 get none due to their low affinity for PMMA of the bone cement ideal contact with the cement matrix and can produce filling effects, which in turn represent predetermined breaking points. Therefore, the reinforcement can migrate and the matrix can be destroyed under high stress.
  • the resorbable materials according to DE-A-29 17 446 act as placeholders for the bone; however, they alone may not be able to permanently transmit force from the prosthetic component to the bone.
  • EP-A-0 159 036 describes a coating compound and an anchoring part for implants with a completely or partially coated surface.
  • the coating composition can have additional reinforcement, which can be designed as a closed network in the form of a prosthetic stocking.
  • the prosthetic stocking can consist of ball chains.
  • the network can also be designed as a multi-layer stocking. The stocking is first put over the prosthesis, preferably in several layers, and can then be held on the prosthesis socket with any prestress.
  • the prosthesis socket covered with the stocking is coated with the coating material, which is then dried and forms a closed jacket around the anchoring part of the prosthesis. In this state, the anchoring part is implanted in the medullary cavity.
  • the carbon fiber stocking can be produced as a closed stocking.
  • the stocking is poured with bone cement and brought into the medullary cavity when wet, and then the prosthetic socket is driven into it.
  • the prosthetic stockings according to EP-A-0 159 036 and EP-A-0 006 414 are thus firmly inserted into the prosthesis coating or in the bone cement as reinforcement.
  • the conventional bone cement can be excellent and can be subjected to pressure in the body for more than 20 years, but that it does not have sufficient resistance to tensile and bending stress and can succumb to the stress within a short time.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device according to the preamble of claim 1 with which the tensile and bending forces on the bony bearing and the bone cement can be converted into compressive forces.
  • the bone cement is reinforced or the implant is suspended in the bony bearing in such a way that only compressive forces occur.
  • the implantation of the surgical support and network according to the invention leads to the elimination of the harmful shear forces and thus to a considerable increase in the implantation time.
  • the invention thus relates to a surgical support and network which can be tensioned or preloaded in the bone in such a way that the forces acting on the anchored prosthesis component are uniformly transmitted to the bone bearing.
  • the support or network according to the invention is quiver-shaped and consists of at least one thread knitted into the network.
  • the thread itself is preferably flexible; in any case, however, the quiver-shaped network knitted from the thread should be flexible in its longitudinal direction, so that when it is braced in the bone, it can preferably be stretched by at least 5%, particularly preferably by about 10 to 20% of its total length in the untensioned state.
  • the quiver of the support or network can be open or closed at its lower end.
  • the quiver-shaped network can be single-layer.
  • the multilayer embodiment which is obtained, for example, by turning the stocking put on a cylinder one or more times, as described in DE-A-29 17 446, has increased stability and strength.
  • the design can be individually adapted to the biomechanical requirements. The following description is primarily based on the example of a hip joint prosthesis, but the support and network according to the invention can be used for all joint replacement components, for example on the knee, ankle or elbow joint.
  • the support or network according to the invention is designed so that it can be pre-tensioned so that it is stretched when it is suspended in the bony bearing or when the bone cement is introduced into the bony bearing and remains in this stretched state.
  • one end of the quiver can be blocked with a blocking plastic, for example in the medullary cavity of the proximal femur, and the other end can be pulled over the metaphysis by hand or with a tensioning device and there with screws, pins, plugs or special bone plugs, such as those used are described in DE-A-34 45 738, can be fixed under tension.
  • a blocking plastic for example in the medullary cavity of the proximal femur
  • the thread that makes up the network can be in the form of a ball chain, i.e. the thread can have, for example, many successive spherical thickenings which can be produced during extrusion, or the balls can be pressed onto the thread, for example using the HIP process (high isostatic pressure process).
  • These balls preferably have a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm to 2 mm, and a distance of preferably approximately 0.5 to 2 cm from one another. Balls of this diameter can also serve as placeholders for the corresponding cement layer thickness.
  • the network is made up of ball chains of this diameter, high resistances build up on the balls when the bone cement is introduced, which leads to expansion (elongation) and thus pre-tensioning the quiver.
  • spheres of smaller diameter may also be suitable for this purpose, but the diameter should in any case be more than 200 ⁇ m. With smaller ball diameters, the network is not sufficiently pretensioned.
  • Biasing can also be achieved by exerting pressure on the support or network from inside the quiver and thereby stretching it. This can be done, for example, by means of an appropriately shaped inflatable balloon placed in the quiver.
  • the above-described pretensioning of the network makes it possible to achieve a very uniform transmission of force to the bone.
  • “isogenic" materials for the network for reinforcing the bone cement preferably materials which have the same chemical origin as the bone cement or chemical affinity with the bone cement and / or are capable of a chemical connection with the liquid bone cement. Since all bone cements currently used in musculoskeletal surgery are polymethyl methacrylates that polymerize cold, "isogenic" materials are primarily acrylic fibers or metal threads and wires coated with acrylates.
  • the threads of the network according to the invention therefore preferably consist of an acrylate, methacrylate, PMMA and / or its copolymers or derivatives and / or of a plastic affine to the acrylates.
  • reinforced acrylate threads can also be particularly advantageous, for example metal threads coated with acrylate.
  • the metal threads can be both monofilament and polyfil with particularly high loads. Titanium is particularly suitable as the metal, or a surgical steel wire with a certain elasticity, for example the sterile metal wire EH7602 from Ethicon. If the secondary polymerizing matrix of the bone cement forms a chemical connection with such a network, a much higher and safer power transmission from the prosthetic component to the cement and from the cement to the bone, but also directly from the reinforcement to the bone, is possible. In the case of the latter, it is of particular advantage if the sheathing of the metal in turn contributes to damping the direct application of force to the bone. However, it is also possible within the scope of the invention to use metal threads, for example made of titanium or a surgical steel wire, as the material for the network.
  • the material of the network is preferably "isoelastic", ie it has approximately the same elastic constant as the bone cement in order to enable particularly good force transmission.
  • the thread thickness depends on the material used and is preferably about 100 to 700 microns.
  • the thread thickness is preferably approximately 100 to 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably approximately 200 ⁇ m, using titanium preferably approximately 200 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably approximately 400 ⁇ m, and using surgical steel more than 50 ⁇ m, preferably approximately 100 up to 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably about 200 ⁇ m.
  • the mesh width or thickness is 0.5 to 10 mm, preferably about 1 to 4 mm, particularly preferably about 1.5 mm.
  • Organic polymers such as catgut or another collagen, a synthetic polylactide, polyglycolide or another polyamino acid derivative or related polymer and / or a mixture of different organic polymers are particularly suitable as resorbable materials.
  • the resorbable materials are preferably used in the proximal part and / or in the outermost layer of the network. If the threads are equipped with balls or are designed as ball chains, sintered apatite balls or balls made of a composite with tricalcium phosphate are used particularly advantageously.
  • sintered hard fillers also result in positive biomechanical induction of bone formation, as has been proven in animal experiments.
  • the individual layers of the network are advantageously held at a defined distance from one another in the radial direction of the quiver by at least one spacer, for example a clamping ring.
  • the distance is approximately 0.5-5 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm.
  • the operative orthopedic surgeon and surgeon have a material at their disposal that advantageously solves the problem of the stress on the cement or, in the case of cementless implants, the problem of the occurrence of stress peaks (stress concentration).
  • a surgical titanium wire with a thread thickness of 400 ⁇ m is knitted into an endless stocking on a commercially available circular knitting machine.
  • a mesh size of about 1 to 2 mm is set and a circumference of the stocking has 14 meshes.
  • 100 m of a 400 ⁇ m thick titanium wire are coated with an acrylate in the dipping process and rolled up after drying and prepared for further processing in a circular knitting machine.
  • 50 m of the wire coated in this way are rolled up onto the spools of the circular knitting machine and knitted into a network, the meshes of which have a size of approximately 1 mm, the stocking-shaped network having 40 meshes along its circumference.
  • the network is rolled up using a tension ring and the free end of the circular knitted fabric is also attached using a tension ring or a bone dowel.
  • the ring is provided with screw holes for receiving bone screws.
  • Balls of tricalcium phosphate with a diameter of 1 mm are pressed onto a 400 ⁇ m thick titanium wire in a HIP process at intervals of 2 cm.
  • the ball chain thus created is drawn onto the spools of a circular knitting machine in the process described above, the needles of the machine in this case not having to be adapted to the wire thickness but to the balls. Further processing takes place as described.
  • Figure 1 shows a two-ply stocking 1, which is fixed at the top with a blockable bone dowel 2 in the medullary cavity and is pulled outwards, fixed and prestressed via boreholes 3, 3 ', 4, 4, 5 arranged one above the other in three floors. After tensioning, the proximal end is fixed with a titanium cap 6 over the femoral neck. The cap can also serve as a spacer between the layers of the network.
  • An arthrotically modified hip joint is being prepared to receive a joint replacement.
  • the femoral head is resected at the appropriate height and the femoral medullary cavity is opened laterally with a diamond bur.
  • the opening of the medullary cavity can advantageously precede the resection of the head and neck of the femur.
  • the preparation of the bone bed requires careful pressure lavage of the medullary cavity.
  • a drainage opening is then made at the anterolateral circumference of the femur with the help of a troicar distal to the tip of the prosthesis using a 4.5 mm drill, a drill guide and an air drill.
  • a self-tapping cannula is inserted into this drill hole through the drill guide.
  • the surgical network produced in Example 1 is then inserted into the medullary cavity with a washed cancellous bone cylinder and blocked distally in the medullary cavity with a pestle.
  • the proximal ring is now placed on the proximal femoral opening under tension (elongation) of the network and screwed.
  • the marrow cavity is then hermetically sealed with a rubber seal by placing a cement syringe, as described, for example, in EPA-85 10 8607, and by applying a vacuum to the distal drainage opening and simultaneously squeezing the cement syringe, bone cement is passed through the network into the bone filled.
  • the prosthetic component is then inserted and no longer touched until the bone cement has hardened.
  • a simple and effective network for strengthening the bone cement is produced in such a way that 100 m of a 200 ⁇ m thick acrylate fiber, for example a commercially available optical fiber, are knitted on a circular knitting machine to form a circular knit that has a mesh size of approximately 1.5 mm and each has 50 stitches along its circumference.
  • Such an acrylate fiber net is rolled up over a tension ring with a diameter of 44 mm, and the free end of the net is doubled after four layers over a ring with a diameter of 16 mm.
  • This network can be used in the case of severe osteoarthritis described in application example 2.
  • the pan of the diseased hip joint is freed of the remaining cartilage and with the help of a diamond hollow loop with a 16 mm diameter, as described for example in DE-OS 32 02 193, a defect is placed in the supporting pan roof.
  • the quiver of the support and network is then fixed in the pelvis with a screw-in dowel in the direction of the sacroiliac joint, ie the joint via which the force is transmitted to the spine.
  • the network is then pre-tensioned using a tensioning device and screwed to the edge of the acetabular using the tension ring.
  • a drainage screw is inserted from the lateral socket edge and filled with bone cement under the suction of the vacuum created via the drainage screw.
  • the pan is carefully pressed into the bone cement prepared and inserted in this way.
  • Such a pan network reinforcement 21 is shown in FIG.
  • the end of the quiver is fixed in the pelvis by means of a bone dowel 22 through a grinding hole with a diameter of 16 mm.
  • the network is then pretensioned with a tensioning device and fixed to the pool edge with a titanium ring 23 by means of a bone screw 24.
  • the warehouse is now ready to receive bone cement and a pan.

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Abstract

A surgical support or mesh for anchoring endoprostheses and/or reinforcing the bone cement used for anchoring endoprostheses is designed as a prestressed prosthesis quiver (1) made of one or more layers of fibres so that when prestressed, for example by means of a bone peg (2) and a titanium cap (6), it can be anchored in the bone socket.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein chirurgisches Trag- oder Netzwerk wie es im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegeben ist. Ein solches Netzwerk ist aus der EP-A-0 159 036 bekannt.The invention relates to a surgical support or network as specified in the preamble of claim 1. Such a network is known from EP-A-0 159 036.

Die Verankerung von Gelenkersatzkomponenten im Knochen erfolgt üblicherweise entweder mit Hilfe eines kaltpolymerisierenden Polymethylmetacrylat (PMMA)-Kunststoffes oder durch direkte Verblockung im Knochen ohne Knochenzement. Neuerdings wird auch versucht, durch zugverspannte Konstruktionen Implantatkomponenten mehr physiologisch zu verankern (A.H. Huggler: Die Druckscheibenprothese im siebten Jahr ihrer klinischen Anwendung, in Draenert, K. und Rütt A.(Hrsg); Histo-Morphologie des Bewegungsapparates 3, Art and Science, München, 1987).Joint replacement components are usually anchored in the bone either with the help of a cold-polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic or by direct blocking in the bone without bone cement. Attempts have recently also been made to anchor implant components more physiologically through tensioned constructions (AH Huggler: The pressure disk prosthesis in the seventh year of its clinical application, in Draenert, K. and Rütt A. (ed.); Histo-morphology of the musculoskeletal system 3, Art and Science, Munich, 1987).

Die Verankerung von künstlichen Gelenkersatzkomponenten im Knochen scheitert sehr oft daran, daS die Kräfte nicht gleichmäßig auf den Knochen übertragen werden können, was zur Folge hat, daß bei zementfreien Komponenten mit einem hohen Elastizitätsmodul eine Streßkonzentration (Spannungsspitze) in umschriebenen Bereichen, wo der größte Teil der Last aufgenommen wird, zur Kompaktisierung des Knochens führt, während die übrigen Knochenabscbnitte atrophieren, da sie nicht mehr beansprucht werden. Bei zementierten Komponenten kann der Zement sehr oft den hohen Lasten auf lange Dauer nicht Stand halten und bricht, was letztlich die Lockerung der Gelenkersatzkomponente zur Folge hat.The anchoring of artificial joint replacement components in the bone very often fails due to the fact that the forces cannot be transferred evenly to the bone, which means that with cementless components with a high modulus of elasticity, a stress concentration (stress peak) in defined areas, where the majority the load is taken up, leads to compacting of the bone, while the remaining bone sections atrophy, since they are no longer used. In the case of cemented components, the cement very often cannot withstand the high loads for a long time and breaks, which ultimately results in the loosening of the joint replacement component.

Von allen auftretenden Kräften haben die Scherkräfte die ungünstigste Auswirkung auf die Differenzierung und Entwicklung des pluripotenten Mesenchyms, des Keimgewebes, aus dem letztlich die knochenbildenden Zellen, die Osteoblasten, hervorgehen.Of all the forces that occur, the shear forces have the most unfavorable effect on the differentiation and development of the pluripotent mesenchyme, the germ tissue from which the bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts, ultimately emerge.

Aus der Architektur und Baustatik sind Konstruktionen bekannt, bei denen versucht wird, solche ungünstigen Scherkräfte durch eine Vorspannung abzufangen, nämlich durch Armierung der Betonkonstruktionen durch vorgespannte Metallnetze, die die Zugspannungen aufnehmen (Spannbeton). Auch durch freie zugverspannte Tragwerke, beispielsweise in Form leichter Flächentragwerke, lassen sich Zugkräfte in Druckkräfte umwandeln (Frei-Otto: Natürliche Konstruktionen, Freie Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart, 1982). Es hat nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, auch in der Chirurgie des Bewegungsapparates diese Prinzipien zu übernehmen, doch blieben diese Versuche ausschließlich auf die Osteosynthese beschränkt, d.h. auf das Verschrauben von Knochenbrüchen (Müller, Allgöwer und Willenegger, Manual der Osteosynthese, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, New York, 1969).Structures are known from architecture and structural engineering in which an attempt is made to absorb such unfavorable shear forces by prestressing, namely by reinforcing the concrete structures with prestressed metal nets that absorb the tensile stresses (prestressed concrete). Free tensile structures, for example in the form of light surface structures, can also be used to convert tensile forces into compressive forces (Frei-Otto: Natural constructions, Freie Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart, 1982). There has been no shortage of attempts to adopt these principles in musculoskeletal surgery as well, but these attempts have been limited to osteosynthesis, i.e. screwing of broken bones (Müller, Allgöwer and Willenegger, Manual of Osteosynthesis, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, New York, 1969).

Im Bereich der Prothetik wurden bereits Konstruktionen beschrieben, die aus Metall oder Kohlenstoff bestehen und eine Armierung des Knochenzements bewirken, beispielsweise Netzwerke um Prothesenschäfte, wie sie in der US-A-4 064 567 beschrieben sind. Diese Netzwerke bilden keinen geschlossenen Köcher und sind nicht flexibel. Aufgrund ihrer Konstruktion können sie selbst keine Verbindung zum knöchernen Lager der Prothese aufnehmen und stellen somit selbst in sich als Gesamtkonstruktion eine Prothesenkomponente dar.In the field of prosthetics, constructions have been described which consist of metal or carbon and which reinforce the bone cement, for example networks around prosthetic sockets, as are described in US Pat. No. 4,064,567. These networks do not form a closed quiver and are not flexible. Due to their construction, they themselves cannot establish a connection to the bony bearing of the prosthesis and thus represent a prosthesis component as a whole.

In der DE-A-29 17 446 (=EP-A-0 018496) werden mehrlagige strumpfähnliche Armierungen in Form von chirurgischen Netzwerken beschrieben, die teilweise resorbierbar sind und eine definierte Maschenweite und Fadendicke aufweisen. Diese Armierungen sind zu einer exzellenten Verstärkung des Zementköchers einer Prothese geeignet, sie sind jedoch kaum ausreichend in der Lage, die ungünstigen Scherkräfte abzufangen, die im Interface der Prothesenkomponenten zum Knochen auftreten. Außerdem bekommen die reinen Drahtarmierungen gemäß der DE-A-29 17 446 aufgrund ihrer geringen Affinität zum PMMA des Knochenzements keinen idealen Kontakt zur Zementmatrix und können Fülleffekte erzeugen, die wiederum Sollbruchstellen darstellen. Es kann deshalb bei hoher Beanspruchung zum Wandern der Armierung und zur Zerstörung der Matrix kommen. Die resorbierbaren Materialien gemäß der DE-A-29 17 446 fungieren als Platzhalter für den Knochen; sie sind allein jedoch möglicherweise nicht in der Lage, auf Dauer eine Kraftübertragung von der Prothesenkomponente auf den Knochen zu ermöglichen.DE-A-29 17 446 (= EP-A-0 018496) describes multi-layered stocking-like reinforcements in the form of surgical networks which are partially absorbable and have a defined mesh size and thread thickness. These reinforcements are suitable for an excellent reinforcement of the cement pocket of a prosthesis, but they are hardly able to absorb the unfavorable shear forces that occur in the interface of the prosthesis components to the bone. In addition, the pure wire reinforcements according to DE-A-29 17 446 get none due to their low affinity for PMMA of the bone cement ideal contact with the cement matrix and can produce filling effects, which in turn represent predetermined breaking points. Therefore, the reinforcement can migrate and the matrix can be destroyed under high stress. The resorbable materials according to DE-A-29 17 446 act as placeholders for the bone; however, they alone may not be able to permanently transmit force from the prosthetic component to the bone.

EP-A-0 159 036 beschreibt eine Beschichtungsmasse und ein Verankerungsteil für Implantate mit ganz oder teilweise beschichteter Oberfläche. In einer speziellen Ausführungsform kann die Beschichtungsmasse eine zusätzliche Armierung aufweisen, die als geschlossenes Netz in Form eines Prothesenstrumpfes ausgebildet sein kann. Der Prothesenstrumpf kann aus Kugelketten bestehen. Das Netz kann auch als mehrschichtiger Strumpf ausgebildet sein. Der Strumpf wird zunächst über die Prothese gestülpt, vorzugsweise in mehreren Schichten, und kann anschließend unter beliebiger Vorspannung auf dem Prothesenschaft gehalten werden. Der mit dem Strumpf überzogene Prothesenschaft wird mit der Beschichtungsmasse beschichtet, die anschließend getrocknet wird und einen geschlossenen Mantel um das Verankerungsteil der Prothese ausbildet. In diesem Zustand wird das Verankerungsteil in die Markhöhle implantiert.EP-A-0 159 036 describes a coating compound and an anchoring part for implants with a completely or partially coated surface. In a special embodiment, the coating composition can have additional reinforcement, which can be designed as a closed network in the form of a prosthetic stocking. The prosthetic stocking can consist of ball chains. The network can also be designed as a multi-layer stocking. The stocking is first put over the prosthesis, preferably in several layers, and can then be held on the prosthesis socket with any prestress. The prosthesis socket covered with the stocking is coated with the coating material, which is then dried and forms a closed jacket around the anchoring part of the prosthesis. In this state, the anchoring part is implanted in the medullary cavity.

Aus der EP-A-0 006 414 ist es bekannt, Knochenzement zur Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit und der Körperverträglichkeit mit einem Kohlefaser-Strumpf zu verstärken und mit Apatit zu vermischen. Der Kohlefaser-Strumpf kann in einer speziellen Ausführungsform als geschlossener Strumpf hergestellt werden. Um den Knochenzement mit dem Kohlefaser-Strumpf in die Markhöhle des Knochens einzubringen, wird der Strumpf mit Knochenzement ausgegossen und im feuchten Zustand in die Markhöhle gebracht, und anschließend wird der Prothesenschaft hineingetrieben.From EP-A-0 006 414 it is known to reinforce bone cement with a carbon fiber stocking and to mix it with apatite to increase the mechanical strength and body tolerance. In a special embodiment, the carbon fiber stocking can be produced as a closed stocking. In order to insert the bone cement with the carbon fiber stocking into the medullary cavity of the bone, the stocking is poured with bone cement and brought into the medullary cavity when wet, and then the prosthetic socket is driven into it.

Die Prothesenstrümpfe gemäß EP-A-0 159 036 und EP-A-0 006 414 sind somit jeweils als Armierung fest in die Prothesenbeschichtung bzw. in den Knochenzement eingebracht.The prosthetic stockings according to EP-A-0 159 036 and EP-A-0 006 414 are thus firmly inserted into the prosthesis coating or in the bone cement as reinforcement.

Ferner ist aus Langzeitstudien bekannt, daß der herkömmliche Knochenzement ausgezeichnet und mehr als 20 Jahre im Körper auf Druck beansprucht werden kann, daß er aber gegenüber Zug- und Biegebeanspruchung keine ausreichende Resistenz aufweist und innerhalb kurzer Zeit der Beanspruchung erliegen kann.It is also known from long-term studies that the conventional bone cement can be excellent and can be subjected to pressure in the body for more than 20 years, but that it does not have sufficient resistance to tensile and bending stress and can succumb to the stress within a short time.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bereitzustellen, mit der die Zug- und Biegekräfte auf das knöcherne Lager und den Knochenzement in Druckkräfte umgewandelt werden können.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device according to the preamble of claim 1 with which the tensile and bending forces on the bony bearing and the bone cement can be converted into compressive forces.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der vorliegenden Erfindung gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß wird der Knochenzement so verstärkt bzw. das Implantat so im knöchernen Lager aufgehängt, daß lediglich Druckkräfte auftreten. Die Implantation des erfindungsgemäßen chirurgischen Trag- und Netzwerkes führt zu einer Ausschaltung der schädlichen Scherkräfte und damit zur erheblichen Verlängerung der Implantationszeit.This object is achieved with the present invention according to claim 1. According to the invention, the bone cement is reinforced or the implant is suspended in the bony bearing in such a way that only compressive forces occur. The implantation of the surgical support and network according to the invention leads to the elimination of the harmful shear forces and thus to a considerable increase in the implantation time.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein chirurgisches Trag- und Netzwerk, welches so im Knochen verspannbar bzw. Vorspannbar ist, daß die auf die verankerte Prothesenkomponente einwirkenden Kräfte gleichmäßig auf das Knochenlager übertragen werden.The invention thus relates to a surgical support and network which can be tensioned or preloaded in the bone in such a way that the forces acting on the anchored prosthesis component are uniformly transmitted to the bone bearing.

Das erfindungsgemäße Trag- oder Netzwerk ist köcherförmig ausgebildet und besteht aus mindestens einem zu dem Netzwerk verstrickten Faden. Der Faden selbst ist vorzugsweise flexibel; in jedem Falle sollte aber das aus dem Faden gestrickte köcherförmige Netzwerk in seiner Längsrichtung flexibel sein, so daß es bei seiner Verspannung im Knochen vorzugsweise um mindestens 5%, besonders bevorzugt um etwa 10 bis 20% seiner Gesamtlänge im unverspannten Zustand gedehnt werden kann. Der Köcher des Trag- oder Netzwerks kann an seinem unteren Ende offen oder geschlossen sein.The support or network according to the invention is quiver-shaped and consists of at least one thread knitted into the network. The thread itself is preferably flexible; in any case, however, the quiver-shaped network knitted from the thread should be flexible in its longitudinal direction, so that when it is braced in the bone, it can preferably be stretched by at least 5%, particularly preferably by about 10 to 20% of its total length in the untensioned state. The quiver of the support or network can be open or closed at its lower end.

Das köcherförmige Netzwerk kann einlagig sein. Die mehrlagige Ausführungsform, die beispielsweise durch ein- oder mehrmaliges Umstülpen des auf einen Zylinder aufgezogenen Strumpfes erhalten wird, wie es in der DE-A-29 17 446 beschrieben ist, weist jedoch erhöhte Stabilität und Festigkeit auf. Die Ausführung kann im einzelnen den biomechanischen Anforderungen angepaßt werden. Die folgende Beschreibung erfolgt in erster Linie am Beispiel einer Hüftgelenksprothese, das erfindungsgemäße Trag- und Netzwerk ist jedoch für alle Gelenkersatzkomponenten anwendbar, beispielsweise am Knie, Sprung- oder Ellbogengelenk.The quiver-shaped network can be single-layer. However, the multilayer embodiment, which is obtained, for example, by turning the stocking put on a cylinder one or more times, as described in DE-A-29 17 446, has increased stability and strength. The design can be individually adapted to the biomechanical requirements. The following description is primarily based on the example of a hip joint prosthesis, but the support and network according to the invention can be used for all joint replacement components, for example on the knee, ankle or elbow joint.

Das erfindungsgemäße Trag- oder Netzwerk ist so ausgebildet, daß es vorspannbar ist, so daß es beim Aufhängen im knöchernen Lager oder beim Einbringen des Knochenzements in das knöcherne Lager gedehnt wird und in diesem gedehnten Zustand verbleibt.The support or network according to the invention is designed so that it can be pre-tensioned so that it is stretched when it is suspended in the bony bearing or when the bone cement is introduced into the bony bearing and remains in this stretched state.

Zum Erzeugen der Vorspannung sind verschiedene Ausführungsformen vorgesehen. Beispielsweise kann ein Ende des Köchers mit einem sich verblockenden Kunststoff beispielsweise in der Markhöhle des proximalen Femurs verblockt werden und das andere Ende kann von Hand oder mit einem Spanngerät über die Metaphyse gezogen und dort mit Schrauben, Stiften, Dübeln oder speziellen Knochendübeln, wie sie beispielsweise in der DE-A-34 45 738 beschrieben sind, unter Spannung fixiert werden.Various embodiments are provided for generating the pretension. For example, one end of the quiver can be blocked with a blocking plastic, for example in the medullary cavity of the proximal femur, and the other end can be pulled over the metaphysis by hand or with a tensioning device and there with screws, pins, plugs or special bone plugs, such as those used are described in DE-A-34 45 738, can be fixed under tension.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann der Faden, aus dem das Netzwerk besteht, die Form einer Kugelkette aufweisen, d.h. der Faden kann beispielsweise viele aufeinanderfolgende kugelförmige Verdickungen aufweisen, die sich beim Extrudieren erzeugen lassen, oder die Kugeln können auf den Faden aufgepreßt werden, beispielsweise im HIP-Verfahren (High Isostatic Pressure-Verfahren). Diese Kugeln weisen vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser von etwa 0,5 mm bis 3 mm auf, vorzugsweise etwa 1 mm bis 2 mm, und einen Abstand von vorzugsweise etwa 0,5 bis 2 cm voneinander. Kugeln dieses Durchmessers können auch als Platzhalter für die entsprechende Zementschichtdicke dienen. Wenn das Netzwerk aus Kugelketten dieses Durchmessers aufgebaut ist, bauen sich beim Einbringen des Knochenzements an den Kugeln hohe Widerstände auf, die zu einer Dehnung (Elongierung) und damit Vorspannung des Köchers führen. In Abhängigkeit von der Viskosität des Zements können hierzu auch gegebenenfalls Kugeln kleineren Durchmessers geeignet sein, der Durchmesser sollte jedoch in jedem Fall mehr als 200 µm betragen. Bei kleineren Kugeldurchmessern kommt es zu keiner ausreichenden Vorspannung des Netzwerks.In another embodiment, the thread that makes up the network can be in the form of a ball chain, i.e. the thread can have, for example, many successive spherical thickenings which can be produced during extrusion, or the balls can be pressed onto the thread, for example using the HIP process (high isostatic pressure process). These balls preferably have a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm to 2 mm, and a distance of preferably approximately 0.5 to 2 cm from one another. Balls of this diameter can also serve as placeholders for the corresponding cement layer thickness. If the network is made up of ball chains of this diameter, high resistances build up on the balls when the bone cement is introduced, which leads to expansion (elongation) and thus pre-tensioning the quiver. Depending on the viscosity of the cement, spheres of smaller diameter may also be suitable for this purpose, but the diameter should in any case be more than 200 μm. With smaller ball diameters, the network is not sufficiently pretensioned.

Ferner ist es auch möglich, Teile des köcherförmigen Netzwerks seitlich aus dem Köcher herauszuführen, und die seitlichen Fortsätze oder Vorsprünge des Netzwerks durch schräge Bohrungen in verschiedenen Etagen des Prothesenschaftes und gegebenenfalls auch unterhalb dessen Spitze nach außen zu führen und dort dreidimensional zu verspannen, beispielsweise mit Hilfe von Schrauben oder Nähten.Furthermore, it is also possible to lead parts of the quiver-shaped network laterally out of the quiver, and to guide the lateral extensions or projections of the network through oblique bores in different levels of the prosthesis socket and, if appropriate, also below the tip thereof, and to brace them there three-dimensionally, for example with With the help of screws or seams.

Eine Vorspannung läßt sich auch dadurch erzielen, daß vom Innern des Köchers her ein Druck auf das Trag- oder Netzwerk ausgeübt und dieses dadurch gedehnt wird. Dies kann beispielsweise mittels eines in den Köcher eingebrachten und geeignet geformten aufblasbaren Ballons erfolgen.Biasing can also be achieved by exerting pressure on the support or network from inside the quiver and thereby stretching it. This can be done, for example, by means of an appropriately shaped inflatable balloon placed in the quiver.

Durch die vorstehend beschriebene Vorspannung des Netzwerkes gelingt es, eine sehr gleichmäßige Kraftübertragung auf den Knochen zu erzielen.The above-described pretensioning of the network makes it possible to achieve a very uniform transmission of force to the bone.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, für das Netzwerk zur Verstärkung des Knochenzementes "isogene" Materialien zu verwenden, vorzugsweise Materialien, die die gleiche chemische Herkunft wie der Knochenzement bzw. chemische Affinität mit dem Knochenzement aufweisen und/oder in der Lage sind, eine chemische Verbindung mit dem flüssigen Knochenzement einzugehen. Da alle derzeit in der Chirurgie des Bewegungsapparates eingesetzten Knochenzemente Polymethylmetacrylate sind, die kalt polymerisieren, sind "isogene" Materialien in erster Linie Acrylatfasern oder mit Acrylaten beschichtete Metallfäden und Drähte. Die Fäden des erfindungsgemäßen Netzwerks bestehen deshalb vorzugsweise aus einem Acrylat, Metacrylat, PMMA und/oder dessen Copolymeren oder Derivaten und/oder aus einem zu den Acrylaten affinen Kunststoff.It is particularly advantageous to use "isogenic" materials for the network for reinforcing the bone cement, preferably materials which have the same chemical origin as the bone cement or chemical affinity with the bone cement and / or are capable of a chemical connection with the liquid bone cement. Since all bone cements currently used in musculoskeletal surgery are polymethyl methacrylates that polymerize cold, "isogenic" materials are primarily acrylic fibers or metal threads and wires coated with acrylates. The threads of the network according to the invention therefore preferably consist of an acrylate, methacrylate, PMMA and / or its copolymers or derivatives and / or of a plastic affine to the acrylates.

Je nach Beanspruchung der Gesamtkonstruktion können auch armierte Acrylatfäden besonders vorteilhaft sein, beispielsweise mit Acrylat beschichtete Metallfäden. Die Metallfäden können sowohl monofil als auch bei besonders hoher Beanspruchung polyfil sein. Als Metall ist insbesondere Titan geeignet oder ein chirurgischer Stahldraht mit gewisser Elastizität, beispielsweise der sterile Metalldraht EH7602 der Fa. Ethicon. Wenn die sekundär polymerisierende Matrix des Knochenzementes mit einem solchen Netzwerk eine chemische Verbindung eingeht, ist eine um ein vielfaches höhere und sicherere Kraftübertragung von der Prothesenkomponente auf den Zement und vom Zement auf den Knochen, aber auch direkt von der Armierung auf den Knochen möglich. Beim letzteren ist es von ausgesprochenem Vorteil, wenn die Ummantelung des Metalles wiederum zu einer Dämpfung der direkten Krafteinleitung auf den Knochen beiträgt. Es ist im Rahmen der Erfindung aber auch möglich, Metallfäden, beispielsweise aus Titan oder einem chirurgischen Stahldraht, als Material für das Netzwerk zu verwenden.Depending on the stress on the overall construction, reinforced acrylate threads can also be particularly advantageous, for example metal threads coated with acrylate. The metal threads can be both monofilament and polyfil with particularly high loads. Titanium is particularly suitable as the metal, or a surgical steel wire with a certain elasticity, for example the sterile metal wire EH7602 from Ethicon. If the secondary polymerizing matrix of the bone cement forms a chemical connection with such a network, a much higher and safer power transmission from the prosthetic component to the cement and from the cement to the bone, but also directly from the reinforcement to the bone, is possible. In the case of the latter, it is of particular advantage if the sheathing of the metal in turn contributes to damping the direct application of force to the bone. However, it is also possible within the scope of the invention to use metal threads, for example made of titanium or a surgical steel wire, as the material for the network.

Vorzugsweise ist das Material des Netzwerks "isoelastisch", d.h. es weist etwa die gleiche Elastizitätskonstante wie der Knochenzement auf, um eine besonders gute Kraftübertragung zu ermöglichen.The material of the network is preferably "isoelastic", ie it has approximately the same elastic constant as the bone cement in order to enable particularly good force transmission.

Die Fadendicke hängt vom verwendeten Material ab und beträgt vorzugsweise etwa 100 bis 700 µm. Bei Verwendung von Acrylat beträgt die Fadendicke vorzugsweise etwa 100 bis 300 µm, besonders bevorzugt etwa 200 µm, bei Verwendung von Titan vorzugsweise etwa 200 bis 500 µm, besonders bevorzugt etwa 400µm, und bei Verwendung von chirurgischem Stahl mehr als 50 µm, vorzugsweise etwa 100 bis 300 µm, besonders bevorzugt etwa 200 µm. Die Maschenbreite bzw. -dicke beträgt 0,5 bis 10 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 1 bis 4 mm, besonders bevorzugt etwa 1,5 mm.The thread thickness depends on the material used and is preferably about 100 to 700 microns. When using acrylate, the thread thickness is preferably approximately 100 to 300 μm, particularly preferably approximately 200 μm, using titanium preferably approximately 200 to 500 μm, particularly preferably approximately 400 μm, and using surgical steel more than 50 μm, preferably approximately 100 up to 300 µm, particularly preferably about 200 µm. The mesh width or thickness is 0.5 to 10 mm, preferably about 1 to 4 mm, particularly preferably about 1.5 mm.

Durch den teilweisen Einbau von resorbierbaren Netzen kann durch die Resorption dieser Strukturen und den nachfolgenden Knocheneinwuchs die kraftaufnehmende Fläche des Knochens noch vergrößert werden. Als resorbierbare Materialien kommen insbesondere organische Polymere, wie Catgut oder ein anderes Kollagen, ein synthetisches Polylactid, Polyglycolid oder ein anderes Polyaminosäurederivat oder verwandtes Polymer und/oder ein Gemisch verschiedener organischer Polymere in Betracht. Vorzugsweise werden die resorbierbaren Materialien im proximalen Teil und/oder in der äußersten Lage des Netzwerks eingesetzt. Falls die Fäden mit Kugeln bestückt sind oder als Kugelketten ausgebildet sind, werden besonders vorteilhaft gesinterte Apatitkugeln oder Kugeln aus einem Verbund mit Tricalciumphosphat verwendet. Dies hat einerseits den Vorteil, daß die Kugeln als formgebende Elemente für die Bildung einer physiologischen Knochenwabe wirken und Apatite aufgrund ihrer hohen Affinität zur Knochenzelle besonders günstige Materialeigenschaften aufweisen (vgl. K. Draenert: Some New Observations to Improve the Bone-To-Cement Contact, Nicholas Andry Award Paper, presented at the 38th annual Meeting of The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons, held in Vancouver, May 27-31, 1986). Andererseits geht von gesinterten harten Füllern auch eine positive biomechanische Induktion der Knochenbildung aus, wie in Tierversuchen bewiesen werden konnte.Through the partial incorporation of resorbable meshes, the absorption of these structures and the subsequent ingrowth of bone can increase the force-absorbing area of the bone. Organic polymers such as catgut or another collagen, a synthetic polylactide, polyglycolide or another polyamino acid derivative or related polymer and / or a mixture of different organic polymers are particularly suitable as resorbable materials. The resorbable materials are preferably used in the proximal part and / or in the outermost layer of the network. If the threads are equipped with balls or are designed as ball chains, sintered apatite balls or balls made of a composite with tricalcium phosphate are used particularly advantageously. On the one hand, this has the advantage that the spheres act as shaping elements for the formation of a physiological honeycomb and, due to their high affinity for the bone cell, apatites have particularly favorable material properties (see K. Draenert: Some New Observations to Improve the Bone-To-Cement Contact , Nicholas Andry Award Paper, presented at the 38th annual Meeting of The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons, held in Vancouver, May 27-31, 1986). On the other hand, sintered hard fillers also result in positive biomechanical induction of bone formation, as has been proven in animal experiments.

Vorteilhafterweise werden die einzelnen Lagen des Netzwerks in Radialrichtung des Köchers durch mindestens einen Distanzhalter, beispielsweise einen Spannring, in definiertem Abstand voneinander gehalten. Der Abstand beträgt etwa 0.5 - 5 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 1 mm.The individual layers of the network are advantageously held at a defined distance from one another in the radial direction of the quiver by at least one spacer, for example a clamping ring. The distance is approximately 0.5-5 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Trag- und Netzwerk steht dem operativ tätigen Orthopäden und Chirurgen ein Material zur Verfügung, das das Problem der Beanspruchung des Zements bzw. bei zementfreien Implantaten das Problem des Auftretens von Spannungsspitzen (Streßkonzentration) in vorteilhafter Weise löst.With the support and network according to the invention, the operative orthopedic surgeon and surgeon have a material at their disposal that advantageously solves the problem of the stress on the cement or, in the case of cementless implants, the problem of the occurrence of stress peaks (stress concentration).

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Beispielen und anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Netzwerk in Form eines zweilagigen Strumpfes, und
  • Fig. 2 eine erfindungsgemäße, netzförmige Pfannenverstärkung.
The invention is explained in more detail below using examples and using the drawings. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows an inventive network in the form of a two-layer stocking, and
  • Fig. 2 shows a net-shaped pan reinforcement according to the invention.

Beispiel 1example 1

Zur Herstellung eines Trag- und Netzwerkes für die Aufnahme einer femoralen Gelenkersatzkomponente des Hüftgelenks werden 100 m eines chirurgischen Titandrahtes mit einer Fadendicke von 400 µm auf einer handelsüblichen Rundstrickmaschine zu einem endlosen Strumpf verstrickt. Es wird eine Maschenweite von etwa 1 bis 2 mm eingestellt und ein Umfang des Strumpfes weist 14 Maschen auf. Durch Aufziehen des Strumpfes über einen Spannring erhält man eine zweilagigen Strumpf, der mittels eines zweiten Spannringes am proximalen Ende konstante Lagenabstände aufweist und der durch Verschrauben des proximalen Ringes durch hierfür vorgesehene Schraubenlöcher im Knochen und durch Spannen des distalen Ringes durch Verblocken in der Markhöhle mit einer einstellbaren Vorspannung im knöchernen Lager verankert wird.To produce a support and network for the accommodation of a femoral joint replacement component of the hip joint, 100 m of a surgical titanium wire with a thread thickness of 400 µm is knitted into an endless stocking on a commercially available circular knitting machine. A mesh size of about 1 to 2 mm is set and a circumference of the stocking has 14 meshes. By pulling the stocking over a tension ring, a two-layer stocking is obtained, which has constant layer spacings by means of a second tension ring at the proximal end and which is screwed into the bone through screw holes in the proximal ring and tensioned the distal ring by blocking in the medullary cavity with a adjustable preload is anchored in the bony bearing.

Beispiel 2Example 2

100 m eines 400 µm dicken Titandrahtes werden im Tauchverfahren mit einem Acrylat beschichtet und nach dem Trocknen aufgerollt und zur weiteren Verarbeitung in einer Rundstrickmaschine vorbereitet. 50 m des so beschichteten Drahtes werden auf die Spulen der Rundstrickmaschine aufgerollt und zu einem Netzwerk verstrickt, dessen Maschen eine Größe von etwa 1 mm aufweisen, wobei das strumpfförmige Netzwerk entlang seines Umfanges 40 Maschen aufweist. Das Netzwerk wird über einen Spannring aufgerollt und das freie Ende des Rundgestrickes wird ebenfalls über einen verspannbaren Ring oder über einen Knochendübel befestigt. Der Ring wird mit Schraubenlöchern zur Aufnahme von Knochenschrauben versehen.100 m of a 400 µm thick titanium wire are coated with an acrylate in the dipping process and rolled up after drying and prepared for further processing in a circular knitting machine. 50 m of the wire coated in this way are rolled up onto the spools of the circular knitting machine and knitted into a network, the meshes of which have a size of approximately 1 mm, the stocking-shaped network having 40 meshes along its circumference. The network is rolled up using a tension ring and the free end of the circular knitted fabric is also attached using a tension ring or a bone dowel. The ring is provided with screw holes for receiving bone screws.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Auf einen 400 µm dicken Titandraht werden im HIP-Verfahren in Abständen von jeweils 2 cm Kugeln aus Tricalciumphosphat mit einem Durchmesser von 1 mm aufgepreßt. Die so entstandene Kugelkette wird im oben beschriebenen Verfahren auf die Spulen einer Rundstrickmaschine aufgezogen, wobei die Nadeln der Maschine in diesem Fall nicht an die Drahtdicke, sondern an die Kugeln angepaßt werden müssen. Die weitere Verarbeitung erfolgt wie beschrieben.Balls of tricalcium phosphate with a diameter of 1 mm are pressed onto a 400 μm thick titanium wire in a HIP process at intervals of 2 cm. The ball chain thus created is drawn onto the spools of a circular knitting machine in the process described above, the needles of the machine in this case not having to be adapted to the wire thickness but to the balls. Further processing takes place as described.

Anwendungsbeispiel 1Application example 1

Figur 1 zeigt einen zweilagigen Strumpf 1, der an seiner Spitze mit einem verblockbaren Knochendübel 2 in der Markhöhle fixiert und über in drei Etagen übereinander angeordnete Bohrlöcher 3,3',4,4',5 nach außen gezogen, fixiert und vorgespannt ist. Das proximale Ende wird nach dem Spannen mit einem Spanninstrument mit einer Titankappe 6 über dem Schenkelhals fixiert. Die Kappe kann auch als Distanzhalter zwischen den Lagen des Netzwerks dienen.Figure 1 shows a two-ply stocking 1, which is fixed at the top with a blockable bone dowel 2 in the medullary cavity and is pulled outwards, fixed and prestressed via boreholes 3, 3 ', 4, 4, 5 arranged one above the other in three floors. After tensioning, the proximal end is fixed with a titanium cap 6 over the femoral neck. The cap can also serve as a spacer between the layers of the network.

Anwendungsbeispiel 2Example of use 2

Ein arthrotisch verändertes Hüftgelenk wird zur Aufnahme eines Gelenkersatzes vorbereitet. Nach der präoperativen Planung wird der Hüftkopf in entsprechender Höhe reseziert und die Femurmarkhöhle mit einer Diamanthohlfräse lateral eröffnet. Vorteilhafterweise kann die Eröffnung der Markhöhle der Resektion von Kopf und Hals des Femurs vorangehen. Zur Vorbereitung des Knochenbetts gehört die sorgfältige Drucklavage der Markhöhle. Danach wird mit Hilfe eines Troikars distal der Prothesenspitze mit Hilfe eines 4,5 mm dicken Bohrers, einer Bohrführung und einer Druckluftbohrmaschine eine Drainageöffnung an der anterolateralen Zirkumferenz des Femurs gesetzt. In dieses Bohrloch wird durch die Bohrführung eine selbstschneidende Kanüle eingesetzt. Das in Beispiel 1 hergestellte chirurglsche Netzwerk wird daraufhin mit einem gewaschenen Spongiosazylinder in die Markhohle des Femurs eingeführt und mit einem Stößel distal in der Markhöhle verblockt. Mit Hilfe eines Spanngerätes wird nun der proximale Ring unter Vorspannung (Elongation) des Netzwerks auf die proximale Femuröffnung aufgesetzt und verschraubt. Danach wird die Markhöhle durch Aufsetzen einer Zementspritze, wie sie beispielsweise in der EPA-85 10 8607 beschrieben ist, mit einer Gummidichtung hermetisch verschlossen und durch Anlegen eines Vakuums an der distalen Drainageöffnung und gleichzeitiges Auspressen der Zementspritze wird Knochenzement durch das Netzwerk bis in den Knochen eingefüllt. Danach wird die Prothesenkomponente eingeführt und nicht mehr berührt, bis die Aushärtung des Knochenzements abgeschlossen ist.An arthrotically modified hip joint is being prepared to receive a joint replacement. After the preoperative planning, the femoral head is resected at the appropriate height and the femoral medullary cavity is opened laterally with a diamond bur. The opening of the medullary cavity can advantageously precede the resection of the head and neck of the femur. The preparation of the bone bed requires careful pressure lavage of the medullary cavity. A drainage opening is then made at the anterolateral circumference of the femur with the help of a troicar distal to the tip of the prosthesis using a 4.5 mm drill, a drill guide and an air drill. A self-tapping cannula is inserted into this drill hole through the drill guide. The surgical network produced in Example 1 is then inserted into the medullary cavity with a washed cancellous bone cylinder and blocked distally in the medullary cavity with a pestle. With the help of a tensioning device, the proximal ring is now placed on the proximal femoral opening under tension (elongation) of the network and screwed. The marrow cavity is then hermetically sealed with a rubber seal by placing a cement syringe, as described, for example, in EPA-85 10 8607, and by applying a vacuum to the distal drainage opening and simultaneously squeezing the cement syringe, bone cement is passed through the network into the bone filled. The prosthetic component is then inserted and no longer touched until the bone cement has hardened.

Anwendungsbeispiel 3Example of use 3

Ein einfaches und wirksames Netzwerk zur Verstärkung des Knochenzements wird in der Weise hergestellt, daß 100 m einer 200 µm dicken Acrylatfaser, beispielsweise einer handelsüblichen Lichtleiterfaser, auf einer Rundstrickmaschine zu einem Rundgestrick verstrickt werden, das eine Maschenweite von etwa 1,5 mm und jeweils 50 Maschen entlang seines Umfangs aufweist. Ein solches Acrylatfasernetz wird über einen Spannring mit 44 mm Durchmesser aufgerollt, und das freie Ende des Netzes wird nach vier Lagen über einem Ring mit 16 mm Durchmesser gedoppelt. Dieses Netzwerk kann bei dem im Anwendungsbeispiel 2 beschriebenen Fall einer schweren Arthrose eingesetzt werden. Dabei wird die Pfanne des erkrankten Hüftgelenks von dem noch verbliebenen Knorpel befreit und mit Hilfe einer Diamanthohlschleife mit 16 mm Durchmesser, wie sie beispielsweise in der DE-OS 32 02 193 beschrieben ist, wird ein Defekt im tragenden Pfannendach gesetzt. Der Köcher des Trag- und Netzwerkes wird daraufhin mit einem verschraubbaren Dübel in der Richtung auf das Sacroiliacalgelenk, d.h. das Gelenk, über welches die Kraft auf die Wirbelsäule übertragen wird, im Becken fixiert. Danach wird das Netzwerk mit Hilfe eines Spanngerätes vorgespannt und mittels des Spannringes am Azetabularrand verschraubt. Nach sorgfältiger Lavage des knöchernen Lagers erfolgt das Einbringen einer Drainageschraube vom lateralen Pfannenrand aus und das Auffüllen mit Knochenzement unter dem Sog des über die Drainageschraube angelegten Vakuums. In den so vorbereiteten und eingebrachten Knochenzement wird die Pfanne vorsichtig eingedrückt.A simple and effective network for strengthening the bone cement is produced in such a way that 100 m of a 200 μm thick acrylate fiber, for example a commercially available optical fiber, are knitted on a circular knitting machine to form a circular knit that has a mesh size of approximately 1.5 mm and each has 50 stitches along its circumference. Such an acrylate fiber net is rolled up over a tension ring with a diameter of 44 mm, and the free end of the net is doubled after four layers over a ring with a diameter of 16 mm. This network can be used in the case of severe osteoarthritis described in application example 2. The pan of the diseased hip joint is freed of the remaining cartilage and with the help of a diamond hollow loop with a 16 mm diameter, as described for example in DE-OS 32 02 193, a defect is placed in the supporting pan roof. The quiver of the support and network is then fixed in the pelvis with a screw-in dowel in the direction of the sacroiliac joint, ie the joint via which the force is transmitted to the spine. The network is then pre-tensioned using a tensioning device and screwed to the edge of the acetabular using the tension ring. After careful lavage of the bony bearing, a drainage screw is inserted from the lateral socket edge and filled with bone cement under the suction of the vacuum created via the drainage screw. The pan is carefully pressed into the bone cement prepared and inserted in this way.

In Fig. 2 ist eine derartige Pfannennetzverstärkung 21 dargestellt. Durch ein Schleifloch mit 16 mm Durchmesser wird das Ende des Köchers mit Hilfe eines Knochendübels 22 im Becken fixiert. Im Anschluß daran wird das Netzwerk mit einem Spanngerät vorgespannt und mit einem Titanring 23 mittels einer Knochenschraube 24 am Beckenrand fixiert. Nunmehr ist das Lager vorbereitet für die Aufnahme von Knochenzement und Pfanne.Such a pan network reinforcement 21 is shown in FIG. The end of the quiver is fixed in the pelvis by means of a bone dowel 22 through a grinding hole with a diameter of 16 mm. The network is then pretensioned with a tensioning device and fixed to the pool edge with a titanium ring 23 by means of a bone screw 24. The warehouse is now ready to receive bone cement and a pan.

Claims (10)

  1. A surgical support or network for anchoring an endoprosthesis and/or reinforcing the bone cement used for anchoring an endoprosthesis, comprising a prosthesis quiver (1; 21) made of one or more layers of threads for receiving the endoprosthesis, characterized by means for anchoring one end of the prosthesis quiver (1; 21) in the bony bed, for prestressing the prosthesis quiver in the bony bed and for fastening the prestressed prosthesis quiver in the bony bed.
  2. The support or network according to claim 1, characterized in that the threads are made of metal and/or polymers and/or are polymer-coated metal threads.
  3. The support or network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material for the threads is monofilic or polyfilic wire made of titanium or another biocompatible material and being coated with an acrylate, methacrylate, polymethacrylate and/or with a related derivative of the acrylates.
  4. The support or network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material for the threads is an acrylate, methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate and/or the copolymers or derivatives thereof and/or a synthetic material which is chemically affinitive to the acrylates.
  5. The support or network according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the support or network is at least partially absorbable, the absorbable material being an organic polymer, such as catgut or another collagen, a synthetic polylactide, polyglycolide or another polyamino acid derivative or related polymer and/or a mixture of various organic polymers.
  6. The support or network according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that bead chains whose beads have a diameter of about 500 to 3000 µm, preferably about 1000 to 2000 µm, are used as the material for the threads.
  7. The support or network according to claim 6, characterized in that the bead chains are made of ceramics, apatite or another tricalcium phosphate derivative or calcium phosphate in sintered or non-sintered form and/or of a biocompatible metal or coated metal.
  8. The support or network according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the prosthesis quiver (1; 21) is prestressable in tiers and/or at one of its two ends using screws, clamps, bone dowels (2), pins and/or seams, or in that the quiver is prestressable by means of internal pressure.
  9. The support or network according to claim 8, characterized by at least one self-locking or interlockable dowel made of a biocompatible plastic material or metal and/or a bone transplant for prestressing the prosthesis quiver.
  10. The support or network according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by spacers which separate the individual layers of the threads in tiers and/or at one of the two ends of the prosthesis quiver at a predetermined distance of 0.5 to 5 mm, preferably 1 mm.
EP88907651A 1987-08-27 1988-08-25 Prestressable surgical network Expired - Lifetime EP0331700B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88907651T ATE96641T1 (en) 1987-08-27 1988-08-25 PRESTRESSABLE SURGICAL NETWORK.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873728686 DE3728686A1 (en) 1987-08-27 1987-08-27 PREDICTABLE SURGICAL NETWORK
DE3728686 1987-08-27

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EP0331700A1 EP0331700A1 (en) 1989-09-13
EP0331700B1 true EP0331700B1 (en) 1993-11-03

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US (1) US5480437A (en)
EP (1) EP0331700B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2740531B2 (en)
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EP0331700A1 (en) 1989-09-13
DE3885443D1 (en) 1993-12-09
WO1989001766A1 (en) 1989-03-09
JPH02501122A (en) 1990-04-19
US5480437A (en) 1996-01-02
DE3728686A1 (en) 1989-03-09
JP2740531B2 (en) 1998-04-15

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