EP0325759B1 - Antenna selector - Google Patents

Description

• in einer ersten Ebene eine Mehrzahl von ersten Speiseleitungen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei jeder der ersten Speiseleitungen ein Senderanschluss zugeordnet ist;
• in einer zweiten Ebene parallel zur ersten Ebene eine Mehrzahl von zweiten Speiseleitungen parallel zueinander und senkrecht zu den ersten Speiseleitungen angeordnet sind, wobei jeder der zweiten Speiseleitungen ein erster Antennenanschluss zugeordnet ist;
• in den Kreuzungspunkten der ersten und zweiten Speiseleitungen jeweils ein Schalter vorgesehen ist, welcher in jeder der Ebenen eine entsprechende Schaltebene aufweist, und welcher in einer ersten Schaltstellung die zugehörige erste Speiseleitung und die zugehörige zweite Speiseleitung einzeln durchverbindet, und in einer zweiten Schaltstellung die zugehörige erste und zweite Speiseleitung auftrennt und untereinander verbindet.

The present invention relates to the field of transmitter technology. In particular, it relates to an antenna selector in the form of a switching matrix for arbitrarily connecting a plurality of transmitters to a plurality of antennas, in which antenna selector

• a plurality of first feed lines are arranged parallel to one another in a first level, each of the first feed lines being assigned a transmitter connection;
• in a second plane parallel to the first plane, a plurality of second feed lines are arranged parallel to one another and perpendicular to the first feed lines, each of the second feed lines being assigned a first antenna connection;
• A switch is provided in the intersections of the first and second feed lines, which has a corresponding switching level in each of the levels, and which has the associated first level in a first switching position Feed line and the associated second feed line are individually connected, and in a second switching position the associated first and second feed lines are separated and interconnected.

Such an antenna selector is e.g. known from CH-PS 298 004.

Large transmission systems, in particular short-wave transmission stations contain, apart from special cases, a larger number of antennas, since the cheapest operating frequencies e.g. change with the time of day or season and also depend on the transmission distance and the geographic direction, but the antennas usually only cover a narrow frequency range. Since you mainly work with directional radiation, several antennas are usually required for each direction.

Because of the versatility of the broadcasting program, such broadcasting systems usually also include a plurality of transmitters.

A full exploitation of the transmitter system is therefore only given if a clear, quick and easy-to-use, reliable switching device is available, which makes it possible to selectively connect each of the transmitters to each of the antennas.

Since the transmitter systems mostly comprise a very different number of transmitters and antennas, but existing systems are also often expanded later, it is particularly expedient and economical to construct the switching device according to the modular principle.

Such an antenna selector in the form of a matrix has now been described in the publication mentioned at the beginning.

The rows of the matrix are assigned to the transmitters, the columns of the matrix to the antennas. The elements of the matrix are formed by individual switches.

In the known antenna selector, the switching process takes place on two levels: in the first level, first feed lines run parallel to one another, which are fed by the transmitters, and correspond to the rows of the matrix.

The second level, also parallel to each other, but perpendicular to the first feed lines, runs second feed lines, which feed the RF power of the transmitters into the antennas and correspond to the columns of the matrix.

Since the two levels are arranged one above the other, the first and second feed lines intersect. Switches with two switching levels are now provided at each of these crossing points. Each switching level corresponds to a feed line level.

In the conventional matrix, the switches have two switch positions: in the first switch position, the first feed line running through the respective crossing point is connected on one switching level. The same happens on the other switching level with the corresponding second feed line. Both feed lines conduct the RF power undisturbed and without changing direction through this crossing point.

In the second switch position, both through connections are canceled. Instead, the switch-side end of the first feed line is linked to the switch-side start of the second feed line via a fixed conductor bridge that runs within the switch between the two switching levels. A corner connection is created, which redirects the power fed in by the transmitter to the antenna assigned to the switch. Depending on the switch position, each transmitter can be connected to every antenna (even in different ways).

In large short-wave transmission systems, in which each transmitter delivers outputs of several 100 kW in a frequency range of about 3 - 30 MHz, and the feed lines as symmetrical lines with a characteristic impedance of e.g. 300 ohms are formed, each of the cuboid switches has a depth of about one meter and a footprint of about 0.5 x 0.5 m².

Schalter benötigt, die alle nebeneinander zu einer Matrix zusammengefügt werden. Bei nur vier Sendern (T_n = 4) und sechzehn Antennen (A_m = 16) sind dies bereits S_K = 64 einzelne Schalter, die nicht nur einen erheblichen Raumbedarf zur Folge haben, sondern auch alle einzeln mit entsprechenden Motorantrieben und Ueberwachungs- und Steuerungselementen ausgerüstet werden müssen. Dies bedeutet einen erheblichen Aufwand, der massgeblich in die Kosten für die gesamte Sendeanlage eingeht.If such a transmitter system now contains T _n transmitters and A _m antennas, the known antenna selector is used

${\text{S}}_{\text{K}}{\text{= T}}_{\text{n}}{\text{· A}}_{\text{m}}$

Switches are required, all of which are assembled side by side to form a matrix. With only four transmitters (T _n = 4) and sixteen antennas (A _m = 16), these are already S _K = 64 individual switches, which not only require considerable space, but also all individually with corresponding motor drives and monitoring and Control elements must be equipped. This means a considerable effort, which significantly affects the costs for the entire transmitter system.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna selector which manages with considerably fewer switches while the number of antennas remains the same, or which allows significantly more antennas to be selected with a constant number of switches, and which at the same time has the advantages of the known matrix antenna selectors.

• in einer dritten Ebene parallel zu den ersten beiden Ebenen eine Mehrzahl von dritten Speiseleitungen parallel zueinander und senkrecht zu den ersten Speiseleitungen angeordnet sind, wobei jeder der dritten Speiseleitungen ein zweiter Antennenanschluss zugeordnet ist;
• die Kreuzungspunkte der ersten und dritten Speiseleitungen mit entsprechenden Kreuzungspunkten der ersten und zweiten Speiseleitungen zusammenfallen; und
• jeder Schalter eine der dritten Ebene entsprechende Schaltebene aufweist, und in der ersten Schaltstellung auch die zugehörige dritte Speiseleitung durchverbindet, in der zweiten Schaltstellung auch die zugehörige dritte Speiseleitung auftrennt, und in einer dritten Schaltstellung alle drei zugehörigen Speiseleitungen auftrennt und nur die zugehörige erste und dritte Speiseleitung untereinander verbindet.

With an antenna selector of the type mentioned at the outset, the object is achieved in that

• a plurality of third feed lines are arranged parallel to one another and perpendicular to the first feed lines in a third level parallel to the first two levels, each of the third feed lines being assigned a second antenna connection;
• the intersection points of the first and third feed lines coincide with corresponding intersection points of the first and second feed lines; and
• each switch has a switching level corresponding to the third level, and in the first switching position also connects the associated third feed line, in the second switching position also disconnects the associated third feed line, and in a third switching position disconnects all three associated feed lines and only the associated first and third Connects feed line with each other.

The essence of the invention is therefore to equip each existing switch of an antenna selector matrix with an additional switching function by means of a third switching level. With this additional switching level and switching function, the first feed lines coming from the transmitters can then optionally be connected to additional third feed lines by means of an additional switch position, which, similarly arranged as the second feed lines, run in a new third level.

With these third feed lines in a third level of the matrix, as many antennas can be selected as with the second feed lines in the second level, so that the number of antennas that can be selected in principle doubles while the number of switches remains the same.

Although each switch has to be expanded by a switching level and a switching function, the antenna selector according to the invention results in considerable space savings.

At the same time as the space required, drive and control devices for the antenna selector are saved, since each switch now performs the switching function for two antennas.

Otherwise, the antenna selector according to the invention can be constructed according to the same modular principle, so that with standard components a variety of different use cases can be covered.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feed lines are all designed as symmetrical lines. This type of cable, which is used primarily in the shortwave range, enables simple internal wiring of the switches and the use of comparatively simple switch contacts.

It is particularly favorable for simple internal wiring when, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first level of the transmitter feed lines is arranged between the second and third levels of the antenna feed lines, because then the necessary line bridges between the switching levels take up particularly little space .

Further embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Fig. 1

den schematischen Aufbau einer herkömmlichen Antennenwähler-Matrix;

Fig. 2

den schematischen Aufbau eines Schalters aus der Matrix gemäss Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

den beispielhaften Schaltzustand einer herkömmlichen (3 x 4)-Matrix in einer 2-Ebenen-Darstellung;

Fig. 4

den Fig. 1 vergleichbaren schematischen Aufbau eines Antennenwählers nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 5

den Fig. 2 entsprechenden Schalteraufbau für eine Matrix gemäss Fig. 4 im Falle symmetrischer Speiseleitungen;

Fig. 6

in perspektivischer Darstellung eine erprobte Ausführungsform eines Schalters gemäss Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

die Fig. 3 vergleichbare Wiedergabe eines beispielhaften Schaltzustandes einer (3 x 4)-Matrix nach der Erfindung in einer 3-Ebenen-Darstellung;

Fig. 8

das Matrix-Schema einer (4 x 8)-Matrix nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 9

das Fig. 8 entsprechende Schema für eine erweiterte (4 x 8)-Matrix mit erhöhter Flexibilität; und

Fig. 10

das Fig. 8 entsprechende Schema für eine erweiterte (4 x 8)-Matrix mit erhöhter Flexibilität und beliebiger Zuordnung der Anschlüsse.

The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

the schematic structure of a conventional antenna selector matrix;

Fig. 2

the schematic structure of a switch from the matrix of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3

the exemplary switching state of a conventional (3 x 4) matrix in a 2-level representation;

Fig. 4

1 comparable schematic structure of an antenna selector according to the invention;

Fig. 5

2 corresponding switch structure for a matrix according to FIG. 4 in the case of symmetrical feed lines;

Fig. 6

5 shows a tried and tested embodiment of a switch according to FIG.

Fig. 7

3 shows a comparable representation of an exemplary switching state of a (3 × 4) matrix according to the invention in a 3-level representation;

Fig. 8

the matrix scheme of a (4 x 8) matrix according to the invention;

Fig. 9

8 corresponding scheme for an expanded (4 x 8) matrix with increased flexibility; and

Fig. 10

8 corresponding scheme for an expanded (4 x 8) matrix with increased flexibility and arbitrary assignment of the connections.

WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The structure of an antenna selector matrix for symmetrical lines, as is known from the prior art, is shown in FIGS. 1-3.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of such a conventional (3 x 4) matrix, with which 3 transmitters and 4 antennas can optionally be connected. This matrix has a first level E1 and a second level E2.

First feed lines F11,..., F13, which start from corresponding transmitter connections T1,..., T3 and in which the RF power from the transmitters is fed, run in parallel on the first level E1.

In the second plane E2, which is arranged parallel to and above the first plane E1, also run parallel to one another but perpendicular to the first feed lines F11, ..., F13, second feed lines F21, ..., F24, which lead to corresponding antenna connections A11, ..., A41, and dissipate the RF power to the respective antennas, provided that a corresponding circuit has been made in the matrix.

The arrangement of the first and second feed lines perpendicular to one another results in crossing points. A switch is provided in each of these crossing points, the switch with the general reference number Snm being located precisely in the crossing point of the feed lines from the transmitter connection Tn and to the antenna connection Am1 (switches S11; S14; ..., S34 and S31 are exemplary in FIG. 1 , ..., S33 with reference numerals).

Each of the switches is shown schematically in FIG. 1 as a double cube. It contains a switching device, not shown, which can be rotated about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the planes E1, E2 (D14 for switch S14 in FIG. 1).

FIG. 2 provides further information about the internal structure of a switch Snm. The switch Snm contains, corresponding to the two levels E1 and E2, two switching levels SE1 and SE2. It also has two switch positions, which merge into one another by rotating α = 90 ° around the axis of rotation Dnm. 2 shows the first of the two switch positions.

In this first switching position, the associated first feed line (which comes from the transmitter connection Tn) is connected through in the switch on the first switching level SE1. Likewise, the associated second feed line (which leads to the antenna connection Am1) is connected through in the switch in the second switching level SE2.

For this purpose, a first input I11 or I21 with an opposite first output Q11 or Q21 by a pair are on the first and second switching level SE1 or SE2 of conductor bridges L firmly connected (the belonging of two conductor bridges L of a pair to a symmetrical line is indicated by hatching in FIG. 2).

In the first switch position shown, each of the two pairs of conductor bridges realizes the interconnection of the associated feed lines at the different levels. If all 12 switches of the matrix from FIG. 1 are in this first switch position, there is no switched connection between the first feed lines F11, ..., F13 and the second feed lines F21, ..., F24.

However, this changes as soon as one of the switches Snm is actuated, i.e. is rotated by the angle α = 90 °. All conductor bridges L within the switch then rotate by the same angle (second switch position).

In this case, a second input I12 takes the place of the first input I11 in the switching level SE1. Accordingly, a second output Q22 takes the place of the first output Q21 in the switching level SE2. The second input I12 of the first switching level SE1 and the second output Q22 of the second switching level SE2 are now also connected by a pair of conductor bridges L. In the second switch position, this pair connects the associated first to the associated second feed line, i.e. the transmitter connection Tn with the antenna connection Am1), while the through connection on both levels E1 and E2 is canceled by the rotation of the other conductor bridges L. Since this U-ECk connection is seen from the transmitter to the left, the switch design according to FIG. 2 is also referred to as a left switch.

In the case of a right switch (not shown), the second input I12 and the second output Q22 are on the opposite side of their respective switching levels SE1 and SE2. To switch to the second switch position, a switch must be this type can be rotated by 90 ° in the opposite direction. The antenna connections are then on the right side of the matrix, as seen from the transmitter.

The exemplary switching state of a known (3 × 4) matrix is shown in FIG. 3 in a two-level representation. The two switching levels of each switch are indicated by circles offset in perspective, which are connected by a rotation axis drawn in dashed lines (e.g. D31 for switch S31). The feed lines which are symmetrical per se are indicated here, as in FIG. 1, for the sake of simplicity, in each case by a single line.

The switches S11, ..., S13; S22, ..., S24, S31, S32 and S34 are in the switching state shown in the first switching position, the other switches in the second. It can be easily understood that the first transmitter connection T1 is connected to the fourth antenna connection A41, the second transmitter connection T2 is connected to the first antenna connection A11, and the third transmitter connection T3 is connected to the third antenna connection A31.

Starting with the (3 x 4) matrix of FIG. 1 with two levels, adding at least one further third level and modifying the individual switches leads to the antenna selector of the invention, an exemplary embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 4.

In this exemplary embodiment, the third level E3 is arranged below the first level E1. It contains a number of third feed lines F31, ..., F34, which lead to corresponding antenna connections A12, ..., A42.

The third feed lines F31, ..., F34, just like the second feed lines F21, ..., F24, run parallel to one another and perpendicular to the first feed lines F11, ..., F13. They are also arranged so that they cross the first feed lines F11, ..., F13 in the same points as the second feed lines F21, ..., F24.

Each of the switches on the third level E3 is extended by a third switching level and thus takes over not only the selection of the left antenna connections (A11, ..., A41), but also the right antenna connections (A12, ..., A42), see above that with a (3 x 4) matrix, not only 4 but even 8 antennas can now be selected.

The modified switch Snm is shown in a form comparable to FIG. 2 in FIG. 5.

In the lower part of the switch Snm, a third level E3 with a corresponding switching level SE3 has been added to the levels E1 and E2 already known from FIG. 2.

This third switching level SE3 contains an input I31, an opposite first output Q31 and a second output Q32. The input I31 is permanently connected to the first output Q31 via a pair of conductor bridges L.

The second output Q32 of the third switching level SE3 is connected with a comparable pair of conductors to a third input I13 on the first switching level, which is arranged opposite the second input I12 of this level.

5 has three switch positions: In the first switch position, the associated feed lines are connected through on each switching level. This switch position thus corresponds to the first switch position of the known switch from FIG. 2.

In the second switching position (rotation by α = 90 °) all three through connections are disconnected and only the associated first feed line of the first level E1 is connected to the associated second feed line of level 2 via a corner. This switch position thus corresponds to the second switch position of the known switch; the two upper switching levels SE1 and SE2 act like the left switch described above.

What is new, however, is a third switch position in which the switch is turned by β = 90 ° in the opposite direction from the first switch position.

In this third switching position, all three through connections are again disconnected. On the first switching level SE1, the third input I13 takes the place of the first input I11. Likewise, on the third switching level SE3, the second output Q32 is switched to the outgoing third feed line instead of the first output W31.

In this way, the associated first feed line is connected to the associated third feed line via a corner; the first and third switching levels SE1 and SE3 act like the right switch described above.

The preferred embodiment of a switch according to FIG. 5 is shown in perspective in FIG. 6. The switch comprises a frame structure 1, in each of which a contact disk 3 is accommodated on the three switching levels SE1, ..., SE3. The contact disks 3 sit on a common switching axis 2 and are each composed of a plurality of ceramic contact arms 5 which have contacts (not shown) at their outer ends. A pair of adjacent contact arms forms one of the inputs and outputs in a switching level.

In certain switching positions, the contacts of these contact arm pairs are in engagement with corresponding fixed contacts 6, which are attached to the outer ends of likewise ceramic contact carriers 4 which are fixedly mounted on the frame structure.

The conductor bridges L present in the switch, which are shown as thick lines in FIG. 6, consist of copper tube with a special surface treatment.

In detail, all elements of the new switch can be designed in exactly the same way as with known switches, so that in this regard e.g. to the publications Brown Boveri Mitteilungen, Volume 44, No. 10 (1957), pp. 446-450 or the company brochure of BBC Brown Boveri AG No. 3798D (10.71-1500) "HF antenna selector 500 kW" (1971) can.

6, it should also be noted that the two pairs of conductor bridges running between the switching levels (SE1 and SE2 or SE1 and SE3) connect different inputs and outputs than in the switch of FIG. 5 (I13 and Q22 , as well as I12 and W32 instead of I12 and Q22, as well as I13 and Q32). Both solutions are equivalent, with the difference that in the switch from FIG. 6, the two upper switching levels SE1 and SE2 act as right switches, while the two lower switching levels SE1 and SE3 act as left switches. The positions of levels E2 and E3 are also interchanged accordingly.

An exemplary switching state of a (3 × 4) matrix with 3-level switches according to FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 7, analogously to FIG. 3. The respective switch position of a switch is identified by a symbol entered on the axis of rotation (0 = first switch position; 1 = second switch position; 2 = third switch position).

In this example, the switches S11, S13, S14, S21, S23, S24, S31, S32 and S34 are in the first switch position (0), the switches S12 and S33 in the second switch position (1), and the switch S22 in the third switch position (2). It can immediately be seen that in this way the first transmitter connection T1 is connected to the antenna connection A21, the second transmitter connection T2 to the antenna connection A22, and the third transmitter connection T3 to the antenna connection A31.

As the illustrations from FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate, the position of the planes can be interchanged as desired. In principle, however, other levels can also be added beyond the third level E3 if corresponding switching levels and switching positions are provided for the switches.

so dass, wie in Fig. 8 dargestellt, für 16 Antennenanschlüsse A11, ..., A81; A12, ..., A82 und 4 Senderanschlüsse T1, ..., T4 nur 32 Schalter in einer (4 x 8)-Matrix notwendig sind.As long as only a third level is added, the number S _{k of} the switches is reduced from the previous T _n x A _m to a maximum

so that, as shown in Fig. 8, for 16 antenna connections A11, ..., A81; A12, ..., A82 and 4 transmitter connections T1, ..., T4 only 32 switches in a (4 x 8) matrix are required.

However, the flexibility of the antenna selector, ie the number of different ways in which certain antennas can be selected, can be increased if, as shown in FIG. 9, the matrix on the transmitter side as well as on the antenna side is at least around an additional series of switches (S00, ..., S08; S10, ..., S40; S50, ..., S58) will be expanded.

With this slight expansion of the matrix there is even an increase in flexibility compared to the known 2 levels

Matrix given, because then defective switches in the matrix can be bypassed. In this case, the number S _{k of} the switches

In addition to increasing flexibility, it is also possible to freely assign the connections, i.e. achieve any interchanging of antenna and transmitter connections if, as shown in FIG. 10 (in addition to an expansion of the matrix by an additional row of switches on all sides), a number of modified switches SS1 are also provided on the sides of antenna connections A11, ..., A82 , ..., SS8 or SS9, ..., SS16 is provided.

These modified switches SS1,..., SS16 are constructed according to the principle of the switches from FIG. 5 in such a way that they enable a switchover from the second or third level E2 or E3 to the first level E1.

In this way it is achieved that all matrix connections are on the first level E1, on which otherwise only the transmitter connections T1, .., T4 b are arranged.

All connections of the matrix (transmitter connections and antenna connections) are thus equivalent and can be used as inputs or outputs.

For example, energy can be fed into the transmitter connections T1, ..., T8 and taken off at the antenna connections A11, ..., A82 and vice versa (indicated by the double arrows in FIG. 8).

• Einsparung von Schaltern
• Möglichkeit der Umgehung von Schaltern.

In summary, the invention results in an antenna selector which has the following advantages:

• Saving of switches
• Possibility of bypassing switches.

In addition, in an antenna selector according to the invention, the RF power of the transmitters can be fed into the first feed lines from both sides if appropriately modified switches are used, or the antennas are all arranged on one side of the matrix. This also contributes to an increased adaptability of the antenna selector.

Claims (6)

1. Antenna selector in the form of a switching matrix for the optional connection of a plurality of transmitters to a plurality of antennae, in which antenna selector

   (a) on a first level (E1) a plurality of first feeder lines (F11, ..., F13) are arranged parallel to one another, one transmitter connection (T1, ..., T4) being associated with each of the first feeder lines (F11, ..., F13);

   (b) on a second level (E2) parallel to the first level (E1) a plurality of second feeder lines (F21, ..., F24) are arranged parallel to one another and at right angles to the first feeder lines (F11, ..., F13), one first antenna connection (A11, ..., A81, Am1) being associated with each of the second feeder lines (F21, ..., F24); and

   (c) there is provided at the intersections of the first and second feeder lines (F11, ..., F13 and F21, ..., F24 respectively) in each case a switch which has a corresponding switching level (SE1, SE2) on each of the levels (E1, E2), and which in a first switching position connects through individually the associated first feeder line and the associated second feeder line, and in a second switching position disconnects the associated first and second feeder line and mutually connects them;

   characterised in that

   (e) there are arranged on a third level (E3) parallel to the first two levels (E1, E2) a plurality of third feeder lines (F31, ..., F34) parallel to one another and at right angles to the first feeder lines F11, ..., F13), a second antenna connection (A12, A82, Am2) being associated with each of the third feeder lines (F31, ..., F34);

   (f) the intersections of the first and third feeder lines (F11, ..., F13 and F31, ..., F34 respectively) coincide with corresponding intersections of the first and second feeder lines (F11, ..., F13 and F21, ..., F24 respectively); and

   (g) each switch has a switching level (SE3) corresponding to the third level (E3) and in the first switching position also connects through the associated third feeder line, in the second switching position also disconnects the associated third feeder line, and in a third switching position disconnects all three associated feeder lines and only mutually connects the associated first and third feeder line.
2. Antenna selector according to Claim 1, characterised in that all feeder lines (F11, ..., F34) are designed as symmetrical lines.
3. Antenna selector according to Claims 2, characterised in that the first level (E1) is arranged between the second and third level (E2 and E3).
4. Antenna selector according to Claim 3, characterised in that

   a) the rows of the switching matrix are associated with the transmitter connections, and the columns with the antenna connections, and

   b) the second antenna connections (A12, ..., A82, Am2) and the first antenna connections (A11, ..., A81, Am1) lie opposite one another in the matrix.
5. Antenna selector according to Claim 3, characterised in that in the switches (S11, ..., S34)

   a) on each switching level (SE1, ..., SE3) a rotatable contact disc (3) is provided, all contact discs (3) being located above one another on a common switching axis (2) at right angles to the levels (E1, ..., E3), and the contact discs (3) are composed of several contact arms (5);

   b) one pair each of adjacent contact arms (5) forms an input or an output of a switching level (SE1, ..., SE3);

   c) the contact disc (3) of the first switching level (SE1) has three inputs (I11, ..., I13) and one output (Q11), and the contact discs (3) of the second and third switching levels (SE2 and SE3) in each case have one input (I21 and I31) and two outputs (Q21, Q22 and Q31, Q32);

   d) on each contact disc one input and one output (I11, Q11 and I21, Q21 and I31, Q31) lie opposite one another and are firmly connected to each other by wire bridges (L);

   e) the remaining outputs (Q22 and Q32) on the contact discs (3) of the second and third switching level (SE2 and SE3) are in each case firmly connected with one of the remaining inputs (I12 and I13) on the contact disc (3) of the first switching level (SE1) by wire bridges (L);

   f) the three inputs (I11, ..., I13) on the contact disc of the first switching level (SE1) are arranged in each case mutually offset by 90°;

   g) the two outputs (Q21, Q22 and Q31, Q32) on the contact discs (3) of the second and third switching level (Se2 [sic] and SE3) are arranged in each case mutually offset by 90°; and

   h) the inputs (I21 and I31) on the contact discs (3) of the second and third switching levels (SE2 and SE3) are arranged opposite the first input (I11) on the contact disc of the first switching levels [sic] (SE1) in each case rotated by 90° in the opposite direction.
6. Antenna selector according to Claim 1, characterised in that the switching matrix has on the sides of the transmitter connections (T1, ..., T4) and antenna connections (A11, ..., A82, Am1, Am2) in each case at least one additional row of switches (S00, ..., S08; S10, ..., S40; S50, ..., S58).

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