EP0322028A1 - Device for the temporary overcooling of a cooled detector - Google Patents
Device for the temporary overcooling of a cooled detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0322028A1 EP0322028A1 EP88202855A EP88202855A EP0322028A1 EP 0322028 A1 EP0322028 A1 EP 0322028A1 EP 88202855 A EP88202855 A EP 88202855A EP 88202855 A EP88202855 A EP 88202855A EP 0322028 A1 EP0322028 A1 EP 0322028A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooler
- super
- cooling
- phase change
- change material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019892 Stellar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for temporarily supercooling a detector cooled in steady state in an enclosure by means of a first cooler.
- a device of this kind finds an application for example in the sights of stars embarked on vehicles and whose duration of use is of the order of a few seconds.
- These star finders are equipped with CCD detectors operating in the visible range and cooled to low temperature (0 ° to 5 ° C) in a thermostatically controlled enclosure.
- CCD components are made up of semiconductor materials, the parameters of which degrade when the detector is struck by a bombardment of particles. It follows that at constant temperature the dark current increases. As this current decreases with temperature, it is necessary to cool further when it has increased in order to restore its value in the absence of nuclear aggression and thus maintain the detector's initial sensitivity.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device ensuring this super-cooling during the duration of use of the detector without bringing disturbance to the thermal equilibrium of the assembly.
- the invention is remarkable in that a second cooler is temporarily put into action to produce the required super-cooling without causing heat exchange with the outside, this result being acquired by the fact that the thermal energy dissipated by said second cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the state liquid of a phase change material, chosen as a function of the steady-state temperature and disposed between said first and second coolers, so that the total energy balance is zero and the external environment is not thermally disturbed as long that the duration of the super-cooling does not exceed the duration of absorption of said phase change material.
- the single figure shows a schematic section of the super-cooling device of the invention.
- the detector 1 is placed inside a housing whose lateral surface 2 is made of a material with low thermal conductivity and whose bottom 3 is a support in contact with the external environment.
- the part of the housing facing the detector is pierced with an opening closed by a transparent window 4.
- the detector is for example a matrix CCD.
- a first cooler 5 is brought into contact with the support 3 while a second cooler 6 is brought into contact with the detector.
- These two coolers operate for example with the Peltier effect.
- An enclosure 7 containing a phase change material (solid ⁇ liquid) is interposed between the coolers 5 and 6.
- This material is chosen as a function of the permanent operating temperature: water for a temperature of 0 ° C., tetradecane for a temperature of 5 ° C.
- the enclosure contains for example 0.5 g of water.
- the first cooler 5 provides steady cooling of the detector 1, cooler 6 (out of service) and enclosure 7 assembly containing the phase change material.
- the second Peltier effect cooler 6 is switched on. service.
- the thermal energy dissipated by this cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the liquid state of the phase change material without disturbing the external environment provided that the duration of the super-cooling does not exceed the duration of absorption capacity of the material.
- Such a device can ensure a super-cooling of 20 ° C for a period of approximately 20 seconds.
- One of the advantages of this device is to be able to operate as many times as desired, because after the supercooling the part of the material in the liquid state returns to the solid state and the system is ready to operate again .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Measuring And Other Instruments (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif de sur-refroidissement temporaire d'un détecteur refroidi en régime permanent dans une enceinte au moyen d'un premier refroidisseur.The invention relates to a device for temporarily supercooling a detector cooled in steady state in an enclosure by means of a first cooler.
Un dispositif de ce genre trouve une application par exemple dans les viseurs d'étoiles embarqués sur des engins et dont la durée d'utilisation est de l'ordre de quelques secondes.A device of this kind finds an application for example in the sights of stars embarked on vehicles and whose duration of use is of the order of a few seconds.
Ces viseurs d'étoiles sont équipés de détecteurs CCD fonctionnant dans le visible et refroidis à faible température (0° à 5°C) dans une enceinte thermostatée.These star finders are equipped with CCD detectors operating in the visible range and cooled to low temperature (0 ° to 5 ° C) in a thermostatically controlled enclosure.
Pendant le temps de visée, ces détecteurs subissent des agressions de type nucléaire. Les composants CCD sont constitués par des matériaux semiconducteurs dont les paramètres se dégradent lorsque le détecteur est frappé par un bombardement de particules. Il en résulte qu'à température constante le courant d'obscurité grandit. Comme ce courant diminue avec la température, il est nécessaire de refroidir davantage lorsqu'il a augmenté afin de rétablir sa valeur en l'absence d'agression nucléaire et de conserver ainsi au détecteur sa sensibilité initiale.During the aiming time, these detectors are subjected to nuclear type attacks. CCD components are made up of semiconductor materials, the parameters of which degrade when the detector is struck by a bombardment of particles. It follows that at constant temperature the dark current increases. As this current decreases with temperature, it is necessary to cool further when it has increased in order to restore its value in the absence of nuclear aggression and thus maintain the detector's initial sensitivity.
Le but de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif assurant ce sur-refroidissement pendant la durée d'utilisation du détecteur sans apporter de perturbation à l'équilibre thermique de l'ensemble.The object of the invention is to provide a device ensuring this super-cooling during the duration of use of the detector without bringing disturbance to the thermal equilibrium of the assembly.
A cet effet l'invention est remarquable en ce qu'un second refroidisseur est mis temporairement en action pour produire le sur-refroidissement requis sans entraîner d'échange thermique avec l'extérieur, ce résultat étant acquis par le fait que l'énergie thermique dissipée par ledit second refroidisseur est absorbée par le passage de l'état solide à l'état liquide d'un matériau à changement de phase, choisi en fonction de la température de régime permanent et disposé entre lesdits premier et second refroidisseurs, de sorte que le bilan énergétique total est nul et que l'environnement extérieur n'est pas thermiquement perturbé tant que la durée du sur-refroidissement n'excède pas la durée d'absorption dudit matériau à changement de phase.To this end, the invention is remarkable in that a second cooler is temporarily put into action to produce the required super-cooling without causing heat exchange with the outside, this result being acquired by the fact that the thermal energy dissipated by said second cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the state liquid of a phase change material, chosen as a function of the steady-state temperature and disposed between said first and second coolers, so that the total energy balance is zero and the external environment is not thermally disturbed as long that the duration of the super-cooling does not exceed the duration of absorption of said phase change material.
La description suivante en regard du dessin annexé, le tout donné à titre d'exemple, fera bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée.The following description with reference to the appended drawing, all given by way of example, will make it clear how the invention can be implemented.
La figure unique représente une coupe schématique du dispositif de sur-refroidissement de l'invention.The single figure shows a schematic section of the super-cooling device of the invention.
Le détecteur 1 est placé à l'intérieur d'un boîtier dont la surface latérale 2 est constituée d'un matériau à faible conductibilité thermique et dont le fond 3 est un support en contact avec l'environnement extérieur.The
La partie du boîtier en vis à vis du détecteur est percée d'une ouverture obturée par une fenêtre transparente 4.The part of the housing facing the detector is pierced with an opening closed by a transparent window 4.
Le détecteur est par exemple un CCD matriciel.The detector is for example a matrix CCD.
Un premier refroidisseur 5 est mis en contact avec le support 3 alors qu'un second refroidisseur 6 est mis en contact avec le détecteur. Ces deux refroidisseurs fonctionnent par exemple à l'effet Peltier.A first cooler 5 is brought into contact with the support 3 while a second cooler 6 is brought into contact with the detector. These two coolers operate for example with the Peltier effect.
Une enceinte 7 contenant un matériau à changement de phase (solide → liquide) est intercalé entre les refroidisseurs 5 et 6. Ce matériau est choisi en fonction de la température permanente de fonctionnement : l'eau pour une température de 0°C, le tétradécane pour une température de 5°C. L'enceinte contient par exemple 0,5 g d''eau.An enclosure 7 containing a phase change material (solid → liquid) is interposed between the coolers 5 and 6. This material is chosen as a function of the permanent operating temperature: water for a temperature of 0 ° C., tetradecane for a temperature of 5 ° C. The enclosure contains for example 0.5 g of water.
Le premier refroidisseur 5 assure en régime permanent le refroidissement de l'ensemble détecteur 1, refroidisseur 6 (hors service) et enceinte 7 contenant le matériau à changement de phase.The first cooler 5 provides steady cooling of the
Lorsqu'un sur-refroidissement du détecteur est nécessaire, le second refroidisseur à effet Peltier 6 est mis en service. L'énergie thermique dissipée par ce refroidisseur est absorbée par le passage de l'état solide à l'état liquide du matériau à changement de phase sans perturbation de l'environnement extérieur à condition que la durée du sur-refroidissement n'excède pas la durée de capacité d'absorption du matériau.When super-cooling of the detector is necessary, the second Peltier effect cooler 6 is switched on. service. The thermal energy dissipated by this cooler is absorbed by the transition from the solid state to the liquid state of the phase change material without disturbing the external environment provided that the duration of the super-cooling does not exceed the duration of absorption capacity of the material.
Un tel dispositif peut assurer un sur-refroidissement de 20°C pendant une durée d'environ 20 secondes.Such a device can ensure a super-cooling of 20 ° C for a period of approximately 20 seconds.
Un des avantages de ce dispositif est de pouvoir fonctionner autant de fois qu'on le désire, car après le sur- refroidissement la partie de matière à l'état liquide repasse à l'état solide et le système est prêt à fonctionner une nouvelle fois.One of the advantages of this device is to be able to operate as many times as desired, because after the supercooling the part of the material in the liquid state returns to the solid state and the system is ready to operate again .
Comme applications types on peut citer :
- le viseur d'étoiles à matrice CCD intégré au coeur d'une centrale inertielle à coeur isolé.
Pour cette application, la visée se fait en une seule fois et ne dure qu'une dizaine de secondes avec une contrainte qui assure la stabilité des échanges thermiques coeur-viseur, raison pour laquelle le dispositif proposé est tout à fait adapté.
- Le Viseur d'étoiles à matrice CCD intégré sur satellite ne faisant des mesures de recalage stellaire que quelques fois par orbite. Le sur-refroidisseur ne serait mis en action que si, au fil des années, le courant d'obscurité augmentait trop.As typical applications we can cite:
- the CCD matrix star finder integrated into the heart of an isolated-core inertial unit.
For this application, the aiming is done in one go and lasts only ten seconds with a constraint which ensures the stability of the thermal exchanges heart-viewfinder, reason for which the proposed device is completely adapted.
- The integrated CCD matrix star finder on satellite making stellar registration measurements only a few times per orbit. The supercooler would only be activated if, over the years, the dark current increased too much.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8717713 | 1987-12-18 | ||
FR8717713A FR2624956B1 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1987-12-18 | TEMPORARY SUPERCOOLING DEVICE OF A COOLED DETECTOR |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0322028A1 true EP0322028A1 (en) | 1989-06-28 |
EP0322028B1 EP0322028B1 (en) | 1992-03-25 |
Family
ID=9358034
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88202855A Expired - Lifetime EP0322028B1 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1988-12-13 | Device for the temporary overcooling of a cooled detector |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4991399A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0322028B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH01202688A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3869581D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2624956B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0667498A1 (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1995-08-16 | Tovarischestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju " Libratsia" | Method of cooling a unit of a cascade thermopile |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU3735593A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1993-09-13 | Implemed, Inc. | Cryogenic probe |
US5343368A (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-08-30 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Thermally neutral portable power sources |
US5277030A (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-01-11 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Preconditioning stand for cooling probe |
US20060088271A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Nanocoolers, Inc. | Transient thermoelectric cooling of optoelectronic devices |
GB2543549B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2020-04-15 | Andor Tech Limited | Thermoelectric Heat pump system |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1126426B (en) * | 1960-03-08 | 1962-03-29 | Philips Nv | Small cooling device with a Peltier cooling arrangement |
GB911619A (en) * | 1960-10-03 | 1962-11-28 | Licentia Gmbh | Improvements in and relating to thermo-electric cooling devices |
US3070964A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1963-01-01 | Gen Electric | Method of operating thermoelectric cooling unit |
DE1601036A1 (en) * | 1967-11-17 | 1970-06-11 | Johann Koettermann | Electrothermal deep freezing equipment |
US4253515A (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1981-03-03 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Integrated circuit temperature gradient and moisture regulator |
EP0027626A2 (en) * | 1979-10-18 | 1981-04-29 | Robert Moracchioli | Device, panel and method for heating, cooling, air conditioning or humidity control of an industrial or commercial locality |
US4279292A (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1981-07-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Charge coupled device temperature gradient and moisture regulator |
US4375157A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1983-03-01 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Downhole thermoelectric refrigerator |
DE3205549A1 (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1983-08-25 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Cooling device |
DE3528731A1 (en) * | 1985-08-08 | 1986-03-27 | Wolfgang 1000 Berlin Wasserthal | Thermoelectric cooling installation |
US4662180A (en) * | 1986-08-27 | 1987-05-05 | Menocal Serafin G | Isothermally heatsunk diffusion cloud chamber refrigerator |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4066365A (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1978-01-03 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Temperature control apparatus |
JPS5847990A (en) * | 1981-09-17 | 1983-03-19 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Heat accumulating tank |
DE3238535A1 (en) * | 1982-10-18 | 1984-04-19 | Planer Products Ltd., Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex | Process and apparatus for controlled cooling of a product |
US4512758A (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1985-04-23 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Thermoelectric temperature control assembly for centrifuges |
US4833889A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-05-30 | Microluminetics | Thermoelectric refrigeration apparatus |
-
1987
- 1987-12-18 FR FR8717713A patent/FR2624956B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-12-05 US US07/280,614 patent/US4991399A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-13 EP EP88202855A patent/EP0322028B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-13 DE DE8888202855T patent/DE3869581D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-15 JP JP63315180A patent/JPH01202688A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1126426B (en) * | 1960-03-08 | 1962-03-29 | Philips Nv | Small cooling device with a Peltier cooling arrangement |
GB911619A (en) * | 1960-10-03 | 1962-11-28 | Licentia Gmbh | Improvements in and relating to thermo-electric cooling devices |
US3070964A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1963-01-01 | Gen Electric | Method of operating thermoelectric cooling unit |
DE1601036A1 (en) * | 1967-11-17 | 1970-06-11 | Johann Koettermann | Electrothermal deep freezing equipment |
US4253515A (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1981-03-03 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Integrated circuit temperature gradient and moisture regulator |
US4279292A (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1981-07-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Charge coupled device temperature gradient and moisture regulator |
EP0027626A2 (en) * | 1979-10-18 | 1981-04-29 | Robert Moracchioli | Device, panel and method for heating, cooling, air conditioning or humidity control of an industrial or commercial locality |
US4375157A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1983-03-01 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Downhole thermoelectric refrigerator |
DE3205549A1 (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1983-08-25 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Cooling device |
DE3528731A1 (en) * | 1985-08-08 | 1986-03-27 | Wolfgang 1000 Berlin Wasserthal | Thermoelectric cooling installation |
US4662180A (en) * | 1986-08-27 | 1987-05-05 | Menocal Serafin G | Isothermally heatsunk diffusion cloud chamber refrigerator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 7, no. 133 (M-221)[1278], 10 juin 1983, page 48 M 221; & JP-A-58 47 990 (FURUKAWA DENKI KOGYO K.K.) 19-03-1983 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0667498A1 (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1995-08-16 | Tovarischestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju " Libratsia" | Method of cooling a unit of a cascade thermopile |
EP0667498A4 (en) * | 1992-11-05 | 1996-01-17 | Libratsiya Too | Method of cooling a unit of a cascade thermopile. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0322028B1 (en) | 1992-03-25 |
FR2624956B1 (en) | 1990-06-22 |
US4991399A (en) | 1991-02-12 |
FR2624956A1 (en) | 1989-06-23 |
JPH01202688A (en) | 1989-08-15 |
DE3869581D1 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
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