EP0320559B1 - A needled press felt - Google Patents
A needled press felt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0320559B1 EP0320559B1 EP87850393A EP87850393A EP0320559B1 EP 0320559 B1 EP0320559 B1 EP 0320559B1 EP 87850393 A EP87850393 A EP 87850393A EP 87850393 A EP87850393 A EP 87850393A EP 0320559 B1 EP0320559 B1 EP 0320559B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- felt
- fiber
- press
- press felt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F7/08—Felts
- D21F7/083—Multi-layer felts
Definitions
- the subject invention concerns a needled press felt which is designed for use in the press section of a papermaking machine.
- the batt part of the felt comprises at least two different kinds of fibers, of which a first kind of fiber is of a considerably finer-diameter size than the other kinds of fibers.
- the batt part may be needled into a base fabric.
- a papermaking machine comprises three different sections, viz. the forming section, the press section and the dryer section.
- the forming section the stock suspension is discharged onto a forming fabric or between two forming fabrics. Most of the water contained in the stock suspension is removed by gravity drainage or by suction, passing through the forming fabric, whereby a continuous paper sheet is formed.
- the formed sheet is carried to the press section and in this section more water is removed from the fibrous web when the latter is squeezed between press rollers. Finally, the sheet is dried in the dryer section by being applied against heated cylinders, the moisture being removed through evaporation.
- the press section From a dewatering point of view the most important section is the press section. Economically, it is considerably more advantageous to remove the water by using squeezing methods than to drive it off by using heat. For this reason, one aims at achieving a fibrous web having maximum dry contents when leaving the press section in order to reduce the energy consumption in the dryer section.
- the paper web In the press section of the papermaking machine the paper web is made to travel together with one or several press felts through a number of press nips. In the press nips, water is squeezed from the paper web and into or through the press felt.
- the press felt structure contains one soft and comparatively compressible surface layer. Underneath the surface layer is positioned another layer of a more incompressible nature, which layer is designed to retain most of its volume, also when the felt is exposed to compressive pressure.
- This part of the felt serves the purpose of absorbing an optimum amount of water from the paper web when the web and the felt are compressed in the press nip, of retaining an optimum amount of the squeezed-out water following the press nip and of carrying the squeezed-out water away from the press nip and discharging it before the felt is reintroduced into the press.
- the surface layer of the felt preferably should contain as fine-dimension fibers as possible, whereby the pore size of the layer is minimized.
- the higher adhesive properties of the finer-dimension capillaries improve the water-retainment ability of the felt.
- the surface structure of the paper is considered largely to depend on the nature of the pressing operation and therefore dependent on the surface evenness of the press felt.
- the pressure distribution felt/paper web is considered to be decisive in determining the paper quality and the dewatering results.
- the side of the press felt which faces the paper web therefore must be as even as possible and contain as fine-dimension pores as possible. This aspect, too, speaks in favour of using fine-dimension fibers in the surface layer.
- US 3 392 079 proposes the possibility of needling a finer-fiber layer onto the surface which is intended to abut against the paper web.
- US 3 928 699 describes a felt for a papermaking machine, which felt comprises two fibrous layers of which the layer intended to face the paper web contains fibers which predominantly have a diameter size of 0.027 mm or less, whereas an underlying layer contains fibers having a diameter which is at least 1.75 times larger than that of the fibers of the surface layer.
- fibers of a fineness of 0.012 mm have been used for the surface layer.
- a press felt comprising at least two layers of fibers having different fineness of which the layer facing the paper web contains finer-dimension fibers than the layer below.
- the running-in period is the period immediately following the mounting of a new press felt on the papermaking machine and this period may last from a couple of hours of operation up to several weeks. During this period it often becomes necessary to lower the speed of production and several other types of operational problems may occur.
- the felt when passing through the press nip, is permanently compressed, and this permanent compression is at its highest when the machine is started up but it is reduced succcessively, as the felt is being compressed.
- the pores of the felts become clogged by fibers and fillers emanating from the paper sheet.
- US 4 482 601 describes a method of mixing a temporary material into a textile batt which is then incorporated into the felt structure. After strong pre-compression to reduce the volume of the felt and to increase the density thereof the temporary material is removed in order to form voids in the felt and give the felt a sufficient degree of openness. This technique has proved not to be useful in practice, probably because the voids which are formed during the running-in period are permanently compressed and clogged by material emanating from the paper suspension.
- prior-art solutions comprise designing felts having coarser surface fibers than what is desirable for the purpose of allowing permanent compression and clogging during the running-in period and still retain sufficient permeability for the continued operation of the felt.
- the subject invention has for its purpose to eliminate the drawbacks inherent in press felts during their running-in period and to provide a felt having optimum efficiency during its entire serviceable life.
- the invention is characterized therein that the fibers of the first kind of fiber which form or constitute at least part of the surface layer, have a diameter of 0.010 mm or less and are removed during the service of the felt on the papermaking machine whereas the rest of the fibers are essentially resistant during the removal of the first kind of fiber. The removal may be effected successively or periodically.
- the first kind of fiber thus may be fibers which are less abrasion resistent fibers and are successively worn off from the surface layer of the batt part or else the first kind of fiber may be fibers which could be dissolved in suitable chemicals, causing these fibers to degrade.
- the press felt travels in abutment against a hot cylinder.
- Machine constructions also exist wherein the felt passes across steam chests.
- the first kind of fiber preferably are fibers which are degraded by heat whereas the rest of the fibers essentially are thermal-resistant fibers.
- the surface layer of the felt consists at least partly of fibers having a diameter of 0.010 mm or less, this surface layer will form a system of very minute pores.
- the permeability thus is adjusted to ensure that optimum operation efficiency exists already at the start-up.
- the minute pores retain water inside the felt without causing rewetting in conjunction with the expansion which occurs following the press nip.
- the extremely fine fibers result in a felt surface which provides for optimum distribution of the pressure against the paper web and thus improved paper quality and improved dewatering effects already from the start.
- the first kind of fiber has been chosen to ensure that its fibers will disappear continuously or discontinuously through abrasion or degradation.
- the unevitable effects of permanent compression and clogging are compensated for by these fiber losses, and during its entire running-in period the felt will achieve a useful permeability balance.
- the felt may function with optimum results from the start and it reaches its normal degree of compression and clogging without reduction of the permeability because of the simultaneous removal of fibers from the batt with resulting opening-up of the felt.
- the fiber material in a press felt usually consist of polyamide fibers which are capable of resisting the abrasion occurring upon the repeated passages through the press nip. Tests have shown that if e.g. polyester fibers are used in the surface layer, these fibers will wear out within a very brief time. For this reason, these fibers are very suitable for use as the first kind of fiber in accordance with the invention.
Abstract
Description
- The subject invention concerns a needled press felt which is designed for use in the press section of a papermaking machine. The batt part of the felt comprises at least two different kinds of fibers, of which a first kind of fiber is of a considerably finer-diameter size than the other kinds of fibers. The batt part may be needled into a base fabric.
- A papermaking machine comprises three different sections, viz. the forming section, the press section and the dryer section. In the forming section the stock suspension is discharged onto a forming fabric or between two forming fabrics. Most of the water contained in the stock suspension is removed by gravity drainage or by suction, passing through the forming fabric, whereby a continuous paper sheet is formed. The formed sheet is carried to the press section and in this section more water is removed from the fibrous web when the latter is squeezed between press rollers. Finally, the sheet is dried in the dryer section by being applied against heated cylinders, the moisture being removed through evaporation.
- From a dewatering point of view the most important section is the press section. Economically, it is considerably more advantageous to remove the water by using squeezing methods than to drive it off by using heat. For this reason, one aims at achieving a fibrous web having maximum dry contents when leaving the press section in order to reduce the energy consumption in the dryer section.
- In the press section of the papermaking machine the paper web is made to travel together with one or several press felts through a number of press nips. In the press nips, water is squeezed from the paper web and into or through the press felt. Normally, the press felt structure contains one soft and comparatively compressible surface layer. Underneath the surface layer is positioned another layer of a more incompressible nature, which layer is designed to retain most of its volume, also when the felt is exposed to compressive pressure. This part of the felt serves the purpose of absorbing an optimum amount of water from the paper web when the web and the felt are compressed in the press nip, of retaining an optimum amount of the squeezed-out water following the press nip and of carrying the squeezed-out water away from the press nip and discharging it before the felt is reintroduced into the press.
- Immediately following the press nip, when the felt and the paper web expand, the risk of rewetting of the paper web is considerable. To counteract such dewatering risks the surface layer of the felt preferably should contain as fine-dimension fibers as possible, whereby the pore size of the layer is minimized. As a result, the higher adhesive properties of the finer-dimension capillaries improve the water-retainment ability of the felt.
- The surface structure of the paper is considered largely to depend on the nature of the pressing operation and therefore dependent on the surface evenness of the press felt. The pressure distribution felt/paper web is considered to be decisive in determining the paper quality and the dewatering results. The side of the press felt which faces the paper web therefore must be as even as possible and contain as fine-dimension pores as possible. This aspect, too, speaks in favour of using fine-dimension fibers in the surface layer.
- US 3 392 079 proposes the possibility of needling a finer-fiber layer onto the surface which is intended to abut against the paper web. US 3 928 699 describes a felt for a papermaking machine, which felt comprises two fibrous layers of which the layer intended to face the paper web contains fibers which predominantly have a diameter size of 0.027 mm or less, whereas an underlying layer contains fibers having a diameter which is at least 1.75 times larger than that of the fibers of the surface layer. In accordance with one embodiment shown in this publication, fibers of a fineness of 0.012 mm have been used for the surface layer. Thus, it is previously known to use a press felt comprising at least two layers of fibers having different fineness of which the layer facing the paper web contains finer-dimension fibers than the layer below.
- Among experts in the field the importance of the running-in period of press felts is generally recognized. The running-in period is the period immediately following the mounting of a new press felt on the papermaking machine and this period may last from a couple of hours of operation up to several weeks. During this period it often becomes necessary to lower the speed of production and several other types of operational problems may occur. During the running-in period the felt, when passing through the press nip, is permanently compressed, and this permanent compression is at its highest when the machine is started up but it is reduced succcessively, as the felt is being compressed. During the running-in period the pores of the felts become clogged by fibers and fillers emanating from the paper sheet.
- In addition, when the felt is used, its surface structure gradually becomes more even and consequently the running-in of the felt attributes to improving the paper quality. Attempts have been made to simulate the course of events of the running-in period during the manufacture of the felt and to deliver felts which already when leaving the manufacturing plant possess the qualities which the felt normally exhibits only after the running-in period.
- However, this has proved to be difficult. Pre-compression effected during the manufacture affects only to a limited degree the extent of compression of the felt. Probably this is due to an existing interaction betweeen compression and clogging which cannot be imitated outside the papermaking machine.
- US 4 482 601 describes a method of mixing a temporary material into a textile batt which is then incorporated into the felt structure. After strong pre-compression to reduce the volume of the felt and to increase the density thereof the temporary material is removed in order to form voids in the felt and give the felt a sufficient degree of openness. This technique has proved not to be useful in practice, probably because the voids which are formed during the running-in period are permanently compressed and clogged by material emanating from the paper suspension.
- Although it is possible to design the felt in such a manner that it will have optimum usefulness at the start-up the permanent compression and clogging will, however, produce a felt which exhibits such a degree of impermeability that operational problems of a practical nature will arise. For instance, impermeable felts cannot be removed very easily from the web after the press nip. Another problem encountered with felts of reduced permeability is one that is connected with the air currents ahead of the press nip. The air which enters between the felt and the web, when these two elements are brought into contact with each other, must be removed and in case this air cannot be removed through the felt because the latter is too dense the paper web tends to wrinkle or break. A felt which is designed for optimum operation already from the start therefore as a rule must be replaced prematurely after having been in operation for a short time only because of insufficient permeability and consequently the felt economy will be unsatisfactory.
- Instead, prior-art solutions comprise designing felts having coarser surface fibers than what is desirable for the purpose of allowing permanent compression and clogging during the running-in period and still retain sufficient permeability for the continued operation of the felt.
- The subject invention has for its purpose to eliminate the drawbacks inherent in press felts during their running-in period and to provide a felt having optimum efficiency during its entire serviceable life. The invention is characterized therein that the fibers of the first kind of fiber which form or constitute at least part of the surface layer, have a diameter of 0.010 mm or less and are removed during the service of the felt on the papermaking machine whereas the rest of the fibers are essentially resistant during the removal of the first kind of fiber. The removal may be effected successively or periodically.
- The first kind of fiber thus may be fibers which are less abrasion resistent fibers and are successively worn off from the surface layer of the batt part or else the first kind of fiber may be fibers which could be dissolved in suitable chemicals, causing these fibers to degrade. In certain machine constructions, the press felt travels in abutment against a hot cylinder. Machine constructions also exist wherein the felt passes across steam chests. In felts intended for such machine constructions, the first kind of fiber preferably are fibers which are degraded by heat whereas the rest of the fibers essentially are thermal-resistant fibers.
- Because the surface layer of the felt consists at least partly of fibers having a diameter of 0.010 mm or less, this surface layer will form a system of very minute pores. The permeability thus is adjusted to ensure that optimum operation efficiency exists already at the start-up. The minute pores retain water inside the felt without causing rewetting in conjunction with the expansion which occurs following the press nip. At the same time the extremely fine fibers result in a felt surface which provides for optimum distribution of the pressure against the paper web and thus improved paper quality and improved dewatering effects already from the start.
- If a felt according to prior-art techniques were to be used would, when exposed repeatedly to compression, become permanently compressed. In addition, the slurry in the form of fibers and fillers would clog the very minute pores and cause such a reduction of the permeability that the felt could no longer be used but would have to be replaced after having been in operation for only a very brief period.
- In addition to being an extremely fine-diameter fiber the first kind of fiber has been chosen to ensure that its fibers will disappear continuously or discontinuously through abrasion or degradation. The unevitable effects of permanent compression and clogging are compensated for by these fiber losses, and during its entire running-in period the felt will achieve a useful permeability balance.
- The felt may function with optimum results from the start and it reaches its normal degree of compression and clogging without reduction of the permeability because of the simultaneous removal of fibers from the batt with resulting opening-up of the felt.
- According to the prior art, the fiber material in a press felt usually consist of polyamide fibers which are capable of resisting the abrasion occurring upon the repeated passages through the press nip. Tests have shown that if e.g. polyester fibers are used in the surface layer, these fibers will wear out within a very brief time. For this reason, these fibers are very suitable for use as the first kind of fiber in accordance with the invention.
Claims (6)
- A needled press felt for use in the press section of a papermaking machine and comprising at least two different kinds of fibers in the batt part of the felt, of which a first kind of fiber is of a considerably finer-dimension size than the other kinds of fibers, characterized therein that the fibers of the first kind of fiber which form or constitute at least part of the surface layer, have a diameter of 0.010 mm or less and are essentially removed during the service of the felt on the papermaking machine, whereas the rest of the fibers are essentially resistant during the removal of the first kind of fiber.
- A needled press felt as claimed in claim 1, characterized therein that the fibers of the first kind are of a material ensuring that the fibers are removed successively.
- A needled press felt as claimed in claim 1, characterized therein that the fibers of the first kind are of a material ensuring that the fibers are removed periodically.
- A needled press felt as claimed in claim 2, characterized therein that the first kind of fiber is less abrasion resistant than the rest of the fibers and is arranged to be worn off successively during the use of the felt.
- A needled press felt as claimed in claim 2, characterized therein that the first kind of fiber is a chemically degradable fiber and is arranged to be degraded at least successively whereas the rest of the fibers essentially are resistant to the chemical.
- A needled press felt as claimed in claim 3, characterized therein that the first kind of fiber is heat-degradable whereas the rest of the fibers essentially are heat resistant.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES198787850393T ES2028133T3 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1987-12-18 | A FELTED NEEDLE FOR PRESS. |
EP87850393A EP0320559B1 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1987-12-18 | A needled press felt |
DE8787850393T DE3776661D1 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1987-12-18 | NEEDLE PRESS FELT. |
AT87850393T ATE72464T1 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1987-12-18 | NEEDED PRESS FELT. |
FI885810A FI88418C (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1988-12-16 | Needle press felt |
CA000586264A CA1317144C (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1988-12-16 | Needled press felt |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP87850393A EP0320559B1 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1987-12-18 | A needled press felt |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0320559A1 EP0320559A1 (en) | 1989-06-21 |
EP0320559B1 true EP0320559B1 (en) | 1992-02-05 |
Family
ID=8198494
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87850393A Expired - Lifetime EP0320559B1 (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1987-12-18 | A needled press felt |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0320559B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE72464T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1317144C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3776661D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2028133T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI88418C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1150386A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-02-23 | Christian Schiel | Felt having improved both surface structure and used for producing paper and its production |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2165772A (en) | 1937-05-04 | 1939-07-11 | Drycor Felt Company | Industrial and paper-makers' felts |
US3392079A (en) | 1964-05-22 | 1968-07-09 | Huyck Corp | Papermakers' felt |
US3928699A (en) | 1971-07-13 | 1975-12-23 | Huyck Corp | Papermakers felts |
EP0303798A2 (en) | 1987-07-22 | 1989-02-22 | Thomas Josef Heimbach GmbH & Co. | Web, in particular a paper machine felt, dryer tissue, filter tissue or the like |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4799998A (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1989-01-24 | Albany International Corp. | Papermachine clothing |
US4569883A (en) * | 1985-01-22 | 1986-02-11 | Albany International Corp. | Paper machine clothing |
US4657806A (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1987-04-14 | Albany International Corp. | Wet press papermakers felt |
-
1987
- 1987-12-18 DE DE8787850393T patent/DE3776661D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-12-18 ES ES198787850393T patent/ES2028133T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-18 AT AT87850393T patent/ATE72464T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-18 EP EP87850393A patent/EP0320559B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-12-16 FI FI885810A patent/FI88418C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-16 CA CA000586264A patent/CA1317144C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2165772A (en) | 1937-05-04 | 1939-07-11 | Drycor Felt Company | Industrial and paper-makers' felts |
US3392079A (en) | 1964-05-22 | 1968-07-09 | Huyck Corp | Papermakers' felt |
US3928699A (en) | 1971-07-13 | 1975-12-23 | Huyck Corp | Papermakers felts |
EP0303798A2 (en) | 1987-07-22 | 1989-02-22 | Thomas Josef Heimbach GmbH & Co. | Web, in particular a paper machine felt, dryer tissue, filter tissue or the like |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0320559A1 (en) | 1989-06-21 |
ES2028133T3 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
FI885810A0 (en) | 1988-12-16 |
ATE72464T1 (en) | 1992-02-15 |
FI885810A (en) | 1989-06-19 |
DE3776661D1 (en) | 1992-03-19 |
FI88418C (en) | 1993-05-10 |
FI88418B (en) | 1993-01-29 |
CA1317144C (en) | 1993-05-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7927462B2 (en) | Press section and permeable belt in a paper machine | |
US8440055B2 (en) | Press section and permeable belt in a paper machine | |
EP0879316B1 (en) | Papermaker's fabric having oval-shaped yarns | |
US3214327A (en) | Papermakers' felts and method for dewatering paper and similar webs | |
US7842166B2 (en) | Press section and permeable belt in a paper machine | |
CA1183709A (en) | High bulk papermaking system | |
CA2554365C (en) | Advanced dewatering system | |
US7306704B2 (en) | Press felt | |
US4414263A (en) | Press felt | |
US5232768A (en) | Wet press fabric to be used in papermaking machine | |
US5182164A (en) | Wet press felt to be used in papermaking machine | |
EP0250421B1 (en) | A flat structure permeable to liquid, and a method for manufacturing such a structure | |
EP0089032A2 (en) | Papermaker's felt with a three-layered base fabric | |
CA2107457A1 (en) | Papermakers Fabric with High Contact, Resilient Base Fabric | |
US4882217A (en) | Needled press felt | |
US3214329A (en) | Fabric press improvements | |
EP0320559B1 (en) | A needled press felt | |
KR20060055396A (en) | Paper transporting felt, and press apparatus for paper machine having the same | |
US20030089480A1 (en) | Simple press section in a paper or board machine | |
WO2000052263A1 (en) | Transfer fabric |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19891124 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19910415 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19920205 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19920205 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19920205 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 72464 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19920215 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3776661 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19920319 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: SOCIETA' ITALIANA BREVETTI S.P.A. |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2028133 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: FILZTUCHVERWALTUNGS GMBH Effective date: 19920925 |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: FILZTUCHVERWALTUNGS GMBH |
|
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 87850393.7 |
|
APAE | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REFNO |
|
APAC | Appeal dossier modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO |
|
PLBN | Opposition rejected |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009273 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: OPPOSITION REJECTED |
|
27O | Opposition rejected |
Effective date: 19981005 |
|
NLR2 | Nl: decision of opposition | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20031128 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20031202 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20031203 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20031203 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20031203 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20031204 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20031209 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20031216 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20041218 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20041218 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20041219 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20041220 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20041231 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *ALBANY INTERNATIONAL CORP. Effective date: 20041231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050701 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050701 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20041218 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050831 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20050701 |
|
APAH | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051218 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20041220 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *ALBANY INTERNATIONAL CORP. Effective date: 20041231 |