EP0317101A2 - Sicherheitssystem und ein signaltragendes Glied dafür - Google Patents

Sicherheitssystem und ein signaltragendes Glied dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0317101A2
EP0317101A2 EP88310110A EP88310110A EP0317101A2 EP 0317101 A2 EP0317101 A2 EP 0317101A2 EP 88310110 A EP88310110 A EP 88310110A EP 88310110 A EP88310110 A EP 88310110A EP 0317101 A2 EP0317101 A2 EP 0317101A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
semi
conductive
signal
layer
tape
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88310110A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0317101A3 (en
EP0317101B1 (de
Inventor
Hugh Macpherson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WL Gore and Associates Inc
Original Assignee
WL Gore and Associates Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WL Gore and Associates Inc filed Critical WL Gore and Associates Inc
Priority to AT88310110T priority Critical patent/ATE98045T1/de
Publication of EP0317101A2 publication Critical patent/EP0317101A2/de
Publication of EP0317101A3 publication Critical patent/EP0317101A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0317101B1 publication Critical patent/EP0317101B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/32—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks
    • H01B7/328—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks comprising violation sensing means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a security system for giving warning of attempted interference with an object to be protected.
  • the system is particularly applicable to the protection of an elongate core, such as an electrical power or data-carrying core, optical fibres, or pipelines and tubes carrying air or other fluids.
  • the invention is also applicable to detecting imminent failure of a core which is fundamental to the safety or operation of a control system such as an aircraft hydraulic system or a missile fire control system.
  • a signal-carrying member for a security system comprising a core surrounded by means capable of transmitting an electrical signal, an electrically-insulating layer surrounding the core and said means capable of transmitting a signal, and a semi-conductive layer surrounding the insulating layer, the semi-conductive layer incorporating throughout semi-conductive fibres which protrude from the layer when the layer is pierced, the thickness of the insulating layer being substantially less than the length of such protruding fibres whereby piercing of the semi-conductive layer and the insulating layer by an object entering from outside and moving towards the core will cause semi-conductive fibres from the semi-conductive layer to be pushed through the insulating layer and form a conductive path between the semi-conductive layer and said means capable of transmitting a signal.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a simple form of wrapped core forming a signal-carrying member which, together with a detector, forms a security system in accordance with the invention.
  • the core 10 which can be a fluid-carrying tube but usually will be an electric cable, is wrapped with a first semi-conductive layer 11, then with an electrically insulating layer 12, and thereafter with a second semi-conductive layer 13, and around this an outer protective sheath 14 is formed.
  • the semi-conductive layer and the insulation layer are both formed of tape which is wrapped helically around the core to 0.95 wraps, i.e. with a gap of 5% or thereabouts between turns to prevent overlap.
  • wrapping is the preferred method.
  • the protective sheath is conveniently a 0.5mm PVC coating applied by extrusion.
  • the or each semi-conductive layer is made throughout of a fibrous material such that when a sharp object penetrates the wrapped layers surrounding the core the object will pull fragments of the outer semi-conductive layer 13 through the insulating layer 12 to touch, and so make electrical contact with, the inner semi-conductive layer 11.
  • the insulating layer 12 should be thinner than the mean length of the conductive fibres produced by pushing an object through the semi-conductive layer. The insulating layer 12 should therefore be no thicker than, and preferably is thinner than, the semi-conductive layer 13.
  • the preferred semi-conductive material is unsintered, carbon-loaded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape having a volume resistivity of 1.0 ohm-cm or lower.
  • the preferred insulating material is polyester film 0.001 inch (.0025 cm) maximum thickness coated with .0005 inch (.0013 cm) polyester adhesive. The insulating layer is wrapped to 1.1 wraps and subsequently sealed by passing the wrapped construction through an oven at 200°C.
  • two resistive tracks are formed having a loop resistance of approximately 7k ohms per metre run.
  • a resistor of value greater than 1 metre loop resistance say 10k ohms
  • the total loop resistance may be monitored using a Wheatstone Bridge-type of device. Changes in the loop resistance will indicate a penetration of the layers, and measurement of this new loop resistance will indicate the distance along the core to the fault.
  • FIG. 2 A simple circuit for the signal carrier of Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2 where the elongate resistors 11′ ,13′ formed by the inner and outer semi-conductive layers 11,13 are interconnected at one end by a resistor 16. At their opposite end the resistors are connected by a flying lead 17 to an electronic monitor 18.
  • This monitor is capable of detecting a change in the total resistance of the resistors 11′ ,13′, 16 resulting from shorting across between the semi-conductive layers 11,13.
  • the flying lead 17 is preferably a screened wire which filters high frequency signals.
  • the monitor 18 is described in detail below.
  • an interleaved wrap can be used.
  • the construction firstly has a semi-conductive layer 11 applied over the core 10 as in Figure 1.
  • a laminate of insulating tape 12 and semi-conductive tape 13, as shown in Figure 3, is then formed.
  • the semi-conductive tape 13 extends over slightly less than the half width of the insulating tape to one side of the centre line of the insulating tape 12, and is secured to the insulating tape by hot melt adhesive.
  • the laminate is then wrapped helically with overlap as shown diagrammatically in Figure 4.
  • the width of the insulating tape is chosen to give a nominal 2-wrap construction using the known theory of tape wrapping.
  • the semi-conductive tape width is (0.5W)-2mm x W where W is the width in millimeters of the insulating tape.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a completely wrapped core using the laminated tape of Figure 3. It also demonstrates the preferable method of wrapping the outer semi-conductive layer 13 in the opposite direction to the inner semi-conductive layer 11.
  • the preferred material would be 0.001 inch (.0025 cm) thick polyester film coated with 0.0005 inch (.0013 cm) hot melt adhesive (polyester) for the insulation, and 0.003 inch (.0076 cm) thick semi-conductive PTFE tape, of the same electrical and mechanical properties as used in Figure 1, for the semi-conductive layer.
  • the outer sheath may be made of any convenient thermoplastic material and preferably PVC or polyurethane.
  • the interleaved layer increases the difficulty of intentional interception compared to the Figure 1 construction, since the layers must be very carefully paired away to gain access to the core, without either cutting through the outer layer and causing an open circuit or shorting the two layers together.
  • the construction of Figure 5 may be further complicated by adhering the layers together by coating the core in an adhesive before the first layer is applied, after the first layer, and after the second layer (interleaved) thus mechanically securing each layer to avoid the possibility of lifting the wraps and gaining access with a fine probe.
  • both first and second semi-conductive layers can be wrapped using the laminated tape of Figure 3. This further complicates the act of interception, particularly if adhesive is applied between the layers.
  • the semi-conductive layer in Figure 4 will be thicker than that of Figure 1 because of the extra insulation thickness and would preferably be 0.005 inch (.013 cm) thick.
  • Figure 6 illustrates wrapping of the core with the laminated tape having the semi-conductive layer on the outside of the tape for both inner and outer wraps. This provides a double layer of insulating tape between the semi-conductive layers.
  • the second wrap is wound with the semi-conductive layer on the inside of the tape. This provides a single layer of insulating tape between the semi-conductive layers.
  • the monitor 18 is illustrated in Figure 9 which shows the conductor 20 of the flying lead connected to a terminal T1 at +V and the other conductor 21 of the flying lead connnected through a variable resistor 22 of value Rx to a terminal T2 at -V volts.
  • Comparator integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 are connected with the terminals T1 and T2 and with the resistor 22 and the line resistor, formed by the series connected resistors ll′,l3′,l6 and having resistance R, in a bridge circuit coupled at node A between resistors l3′ and 22 and at B to an output device which may include relays.
  • Rx is set to the same resistance value R as the total loop resistance of the detection layers, and + ⁇ V and - ⁇ V are of equal and opposite very small values, such as +/- 20 mv, then node 'A' is at zero volts, and the circuit works as a window comparator. Any small change to the loop resistance R will result in either IC1 or IC2 switching to give an output voltage at B. This in turn can be used to operate a relay or other latching device which can initiate an alarm.
  • Temperature fluctuations will affect the loop resistance of the detection layer, this being a well-known feature of semi-conductive plastics, and for a detection layer that has to work for long periods in large fluctuating temperatures it is necessary to incorporate some form of compensating circuit.
  • resistor 22(Rx) in Figure 9 is replaced with a resistive element of the same material as the detection layer and is exposed to the environment of the detection layer, then the loop resistance of the detection layer and Rx will compensate for each other and Node 'A' will remain at zero volts.
  • a circuit such as that of Figure 10 can be used.
  • two arms of the bridge are formed from the two semi-conductive layers, and a return 23 is taken from the far end at C to Node D at the input to IC1 and IC2. If the two layers are nominally of the same resistance and Rb is equal to the value of resistor 16 (Rc) then Node D is zero volts.
  • this return is a very fine insulated copper wire, preferably 32AWG or smaller, and is laid under the first layer as shown in Figure 11. This basic principle can be used with any of the preceding examples.
  • a further option to increase the detection layers resistance to attack is to apply a third semi-conductive layer as in Figure 12 where the copper return wire 23 is replaced by a semi-conductive layer 24. This considerably enhances the detection of intentional interception since a third semi-conductive layer introduces a number of variations utilising all the designs shown and thus offers a high level of design uncertainty to any interceptor.
  • detection layer is provided by introducing a multiplicity of semi-conductive elements. This may, of course, be done by adding more layers and incorporating a further randomness such that any intentional interceptor does not know the exact design of the layers.
  • Another way of incorporating a multiplicity of semi-conductive elements is to segment the semi-conductive tape into separate parallel spaced elements.
  • the elements are laid as shown in Figure 13, and compressed between plain rollers to produce a tape as in Figure 14. If a maliable material is used such as unsintered PTFE for both the semi-conductive elements and the insulating tape, the new tape is homogeneous in appearance and is easily handled as a single tape.
  • the preferred material for all the tapes is PTFE and the insulating tapes are preferably 0.0025 inch (.006 cm) thick and semi-conductive tapes 0.005 inch (.0013 cm) thick.
  • a very effective 'trip wire' system can be incorporated.
  • This element may be of narrow dimension (less than 1 mm) and attempts to remove a section of the outer jacket, would cause a high probability of cutting this element.
  • adhesive is applied to the outer surface of this element such that it is bonded to the inner surface of the thermoplastic extruded jacket.
  • two semi-conductive elements may be applied over the outer insulating layer as in Figure 17. These two elements are spaced apart and are preferably bonded to the extruded jacket. When the two elements have different potential, it becomes virtually impossible to remove a section of the jacket even if prior knowledge of the design is available.
  • FIG. 17 In order to demonstrate the electrical operation of this design, reference is made to Figures 17 and 18.
  • three resistive arms XX′, YY′ and ZZ′ are connected together at one end, XX′ and YY′ being interconnected via a resistor 40 of value Rc.
  • YY′ and ZZ′ are directly interconnected at node C.
  • the opposite end of XX′ is connected via lead 41 to terminal T1 at +V volts.
  • the opposite end of YY′ is connected via lead 42 at node D to IC1 and IC2 and the opposite end of ZZ′ is connected via lead 43 and resistor 44 of value Rb to terminal T2 at -V volts.
  • the null position is set close to zero volts and preferably not exactly zero but of the order of + or - 100 mV.
  • balance arms XX′ and ZZ′ are approximately equal and Rc is equal to Rb.
  • Rb is adjustable to finely tune the circuit. Therefore, node C is close to zero volts and node D is close to zero volts since the input impedance of the comparator circuits is very high.
  • the semi-conductive elements of the inner conductive layer 31 is indicated by E1
  • the elements of the hybrid third layer 33 by E2-E7 the elements of the fifth layer 35 by E8
  • the two outermost elements by E9 and E10.

Landscapes

  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
EP88310110A 1987-11-19 1988-10-27 Sicherheitssystem und ein signaltragendes Glied dafür Expired - Lifetime EP0317101B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88310110T ATE98045T1 (de) 1987-11-19 1988-10-27 Sicherheitssystem und ein signaltragendes glied dafuer.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8727092 1987-11-19
GB8727092A GB2212644B (en) 1987-11-19 1987-11-19 A signal-carrying member for a security system

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0317101A2 true EP0317101A2 (de) 1989-05-24
EP0317101A3 EP0317101A3 (en) 1989-09-27
EP0317101B1 EP0317101B1 (de) 1993-12-01

Family

ID=10627211

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88310110A Expired - Lifetime EP0317101B1 (de) 1987-11-19 1988-10-27 Sicherheitssystem und ein signaltragendes Glied dafür

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0317101B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01289017A (de)
AT (1) ATE98045T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2216688A (de)
DE (1) DE3886011T2 (de)
GB (1) GB2212644B (de)
HK (1) HK126693A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0398594A2 (de) * 1989-05-15 1990-11-22 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Einrichtung zum Anzeigen und Lokalisieren von Quetschung und Abreiben von Kanälen
EP0524003A1 (de) * 1991-07-19 1993-01-20 W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES (UK) LTD Schutzhülle
EP0715283A1 (de) * 1988-06-17 1996-06-05 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Sicherheitszaun
WO2000005797A1 (fr) * 1998-07-24 2000-02-03 Regis Julien Systeme et procede de transport securise d'un fluide d'action et d'energie electrique, et cable plurifonctionnel mis en oeuvre dans un tel systeme
EP1237163A2 (de) * 2001-02-28 2002-09-04 Optral, S.A. Ummantelung für Kabel aller Art zum Schutz gegen Tiere und Insekten
US7479710B2 (en) 2004-01-09 2009-01-20 Afl Europe Gmbh Electrical supply network
FR2947665A1 (fr) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-07 Nexans Cable comprenant des moyens de detection aptes a detecter la presence d'un corps electriquement conducteur exterieur au cable

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2254720B (en) * 1988-06-17 1993-02-17 Gore & Ass Security enclosures
GB9016795D0 (en) * 1990-07-31 1990-09-12 Weyrad Electronics Ltd Improvements relating to security systems
CN103357137A (zh) * 2013-07-25 2013-10-23 成都陵川特种工业有限责任公司 用于检测灭火发射器的装置
CN111863334B (zh) * 2020-08-01 2021-08-27 江苏江扬特种电缆有限公司 高安全性通信电缆及其使用方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB378634A (en) * 1930-08-08 1932-08-18 Siemens Ag Improvements in the protection of electrical conductors against glow discharge
EP0049104A1 (de) * 1980-09-25 1982-04-07 BICC Limited Elektrische Kabel mit einer halbleitenden Abschirmschicht
EP0120479A2 (de) * 1983-03-23 1984-10-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Verankerungskabel einer Struktur

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5146081B1 (de) * 1970-12-28 1976-12-07

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB378634A (en) * 1930-08-08 1932-08-18 Siemens Ag Improvements in the protection of electrical conductors against glow discharge
EP0049104A1 (de) * 1980-09-25 1982-04-07 BICC Limited Elektrische Kabel mit einer halbleitenden Abschirmschicht
EP0120479A2 (de) * 1983-03-23 1984-10-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Verankerungskabel einer Struktur

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0715283A1 (de) * 1988-06-17 1996-06-05 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Sicherheitszaun
EP0398594A2 (de) * 1989-05-15 1990-11-22 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Einrichtung zum Anzeigen und Lokalisieren von Quetschung und Abreiben von Kanälen
EP0398594A3 (de) * 1989-05-15 1991-08-14 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Einrichtung zum Anzeigen und Lokalisieren von Quetschung und Abreiben von Kanälen
EP0524003A1 (de) * 1991-07-19 1993-01-20 W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES (UK) LTD Schutzhülle
US5438474A (en) * 1991-07-19 1995-08-01 W. L. Gore & Associates (Uk) Ltd. Protective sheath
WO2000005797A1 (fr) * 1998-07-24 2000-02-03 Regis Julien Systeme et procede de transport securise d'un fluide d'action et d'energie electrique, et cable plurifonctionnel mis en oeuvre dans un tel systeme
EP1237163A2 (de) * 2001-02-28 2002-09-04 Optral, S.A. Ummantelung für Kabel aller Art zum Schutz gegen Tiere und Insekten
EP1237163A3 (de) * 2001-02-28 2003-09-17 Optral, S.A. Ummantelung für Kabel aller Art zum Schutz gegen Tiere und Insekten
US7479710B2 (en) 2004-01-09 2009-01-20 Afl Europe Gmbh Electrical supply network
FR2947665A1 (fr) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-07 Nexans Cable comprenant des moyens de detection aptes a detecter la presence d'un corps electriquement conducteur exterieur au cable
EP2299454A1 (de) 2009-07-01 2011-03-23 Nexans Kabel mit Mitteln zur Detektion von elektrisch leitenden Körpern außerhalb des Kabels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8727092D0 (en) 1987-12-23
EP0317101A3 (en) 1989-09-27
AU2216688A (en) 1989-05-25
DE3886011T2 (de) 1994-06-16
HK126693A (en) 1993-11-26
DE3886011D1 (de) 1994-01-13
GB2212644A (en) 1989-07-26
JPH01289017A (ja) 1989-11-21
ATE98045T1 (de) 1993-12-15
EP0317101B1 (de) 1993-12-01
GB2212644B (en) 1991-10-09

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