EP0316442A4 - Near infrared measurement apparatus for organic materials - Google Patents
Near infrared measurement apparatus for organic materialsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0316442A4 EP0316442A4 EP19880906300 EP88906300A EP0316442A4 EP 0316442 A4 EP0316442 A4 EP 0316442A4 EP 19880906300 EP19880906300 EP 19880906300 EP 88906300 A EP88906300 A EP 88906300A EP 0316442 A4 EP0316442 A4 EP 0316442A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- near infrared
- tube
- infrared radiation
- detector
- instrument
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000032365 Electromagnetic interference Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006335 response to radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4869—Determining body composition
- A61B5/4872—Body fat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/255—Details, e.g. use of specially adapted sources, lighting or optical systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J2003/1213—Filters in general, e.g. dichroic, band
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/062—LED's
- G01N2201/0621—Supply
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in instru- ments for performing near infrared quantitative analysis of organic constituents that are present in materials.
- One type of near infrared quantitative analysis instru ⁇ ment analyzes near infrared energy reflected off of a surface of the sample to provide quantitative data on organic constituents present in the material.
- This type of instrument requires that the sample surface be very consistent, thereby necessitating that the material be ground into a fine powder with consistent particle size. For some types of samples, such as sunflower seeds, this is practically impossible.
- Another type of near infrared quantitative instru ⁇ ment analyzes the energy transmitted through a finite thickness of sample (e.g., 2 cm) to provide quantitative data on the amounts of organic constituents present in the sample.
- a finite thickness of sample e.g. 2 cm
- Such instrument utilizes near infrared radiation and an optical interactance principle wherein a source of light is directed into the sample material in a circular pattern by an illumination tube, and a detector is positioned in the center of the illum ⁇ ination tube.
- the near infrared radiation goes into the sample material, and via interactance, a portion of the energy is reemitted from the material in the center of the illumination tube, where it is detected by the detector and utilized for a reading.
- a commercially available instrument that utilizes this technique is manufactured and sold under commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 4,633,087, granted December 30, 1986 to Glenn K. Rosenthal, Jeffrey D. Stevens and Robert D.
- Rosenthal entitled “Near Infrared Apparatus for Measurement of Organic Constituents of Materials.”
- IREDs infrared emitting diodes
- Such device employs pairs of matched IREDs, and manufacturing the device has heretofore required that the IREDs be sorted for the particular wavelengths that are used to make the measure- ments. Due to manufacturing tolerances, the exact center wavelengths of a particular production batch of IREDs generally vary, requiring each production batch to be sorted to provide matched pairs of IREDs, and to identify those IREDs that have the particular center wavelengths which are most suitable for making measurements.
- the present invention avoids time-consuming and wasteful sorting of IREDs during the manufacture of previously described near infrared radiation interactance instruments by interposing narrow bandpass optical filters between the IREDs and the illumination tube to provide narrow band near infrared radiation of predeter ⁇ mined wavelength for taking measurements.
- the narrow bandpass optical filters provide specific wavelength selection independent of the center wavelength of the near infrared emitting diodes.
- FIG. 1 is a partially schematic perspective view of a near infrared quantitative analysis instrument to which the invention is applicable.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed sectional partially schematic view showing a narrow bandpass optical filter in accord ⁇ ance with the invention positioned to filter near infrared radiation passing from an IRED to a light- transmitting tube.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B graphically illustrate relative energy transmittance to a sample by an instrument as shown in FIG. 1 in the absence and presence respectively of narrow bandpass optical filters in accordance with the invention.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B graphically illustrate "Figure of Merit" values for instruments as shown in FIG. 1 in the absence and presence respectively of narrow bandpass optical filters in accordance with the invention.
- Such an instrument 10 is of hollow cylindrical form and, includes a hollow tubular member 12 having a wall of solid translucent material selected so that it transmits and does not substantially or inconsistently absorb near infrared energy in the bandwidth of interest, namely, from about 800 to about 1100 nanometers.
- suitable materials out of which tubular member 12 may be constructed include, but are not limited to, translucent nylon, translucent polytetrafluoroethylene and the like.
- Means for providing at least one point source of near infrared radiation of a predetermined wavelength is positioned at an upper end portion 13 of tubular member 12.
- the near infrared point source means at the upper end portion 13 of tube 12 are positioned so that near infrared radiation of a predetermined wavelength or wavelengths emitting from the point source means will be transmitted by the tubular member 12 from the upper end portion 13 to a flat bottom surface 14 of tube 12.
- the near infrared point source means preferably comprises a plurality of pairs of two infrared emitting diodes (IREDs).
- the IREDs are preferably positioned symmetri ⁇ cally about the upper end part 13 of tube 12, with the two IREDs which comprise a pair of IREDs being of about the same wavelength and being peripherally positioned approximately 180 * apart around the upper end of tube 12.
- Three pairs of such IREDs, 16, 16', 17, 17', 18 and 18*, are shown in a preferred embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1. In other exemplary embodiments, two or four pairs of IREDs are utilized as the point source means.
- Light transmitting tube 12 is of a suitable length to provide sufficient internal light, scattering to smooth out the pulsed light sources so that light from the IREDs is transmitted through tube 12 and emerges uniformly at the bottom surface of the tube.
- a suitable length for a 1 inch diameter extruded translucent nylon tube, having a wall thickness of 1/8 inch is about 1-3/4 inch.
- the tube 12 is no longer than is necessary to uniformly smooth out the pulsed light sources, in order to minimize the loss of near infrared radiation.
- the ideal tube length can be easily deter ⁇ mined by utilizing a commercially available infrared viewer (nightscope) .
- a tube may be sized by observing near infrared radiation passing through the tube and trimming the tube until the light emerges uniformly.
- tubular light transmitting member 12 For light shielding purposes, the cylindrical walls of tubular light transmitting member 12 are shielded on the outside by an outer tubular opaque shield 20 and on the inside by inner tubular opaque shield 22. The upper end portion 13 of tubular member 12 is also shielded from ambient light by a top cover, not shown.
- An optical detector 28 capable of detecting near infrared radiation, is positioned inside of and at the bottom end portion of the tubular member 12.
- Inner tubular shield 22 is positioned between detector 28 and transmitting tube 12, thereby providing an opaque mask which prevents near infrared radiation from tube 12 from impinging directly on detector 28.
- Optical detector 28 generates an electrical signal when the detector detects near infrared radiation.
- the optical detector 28 is connected to the input of an electrical signal amplifier 30 by suitable electrical conducting means 33.
- Amplifier 30 may be an inexpensive signal amplifier, and amplifies signals generated by detector 28 in response to radiation detected by the detector.
- the detector 28 preferably is positioned within tube 22.
- the output of amplifier 30 feeds the amplified signal generated by detector 28 to a readout box 32 through conductive lines 34.
- the readout box 32 may have a display 36 for directly reading the percentage of fat in a sample material S.
- the presently described instrument is of the type that utilizes the principle of interactance, which principle is known in the art and differs from reflect ⁇ ance and transmittance.
- interactance light from a source is shielded by an opaque member from a detector and interactance of the light with the test subject is then detected by the detector.
- the instrument takes multiple readings of each IRED and utilizes data processing means to lower the noise. Multiple readings of each IRED is accomplished by feeding the output of amplifier 33 to an integrating analog-to- digital converter 40 having a twelve bit output, which is connected to a digital processor 41 connected to readout box 32.
- window 29 is positioned against a surface of test subject S.
- Light emerging from tube 12 interacts with test subject S and is detected by detector 28.
- Detector 28 then generates an electrical signal which is processed as described above.
- IREDs near infrared emitting diodes
- Such instrument utilizes near infrared emitting diodes (IREDs) 16, 16', 17, 17', 18 and 18' which are spaced 60 * apart with IREDs of similar wavelengths being spaced 180 * apart about the upper end portion 13 of light-transmitting tube 12.
- IREDs near infrared emitting diodes
- manufacturing such an instrument previously required laborious sorting of the IREDs for particular wavelengths due to variation of the exact center wavelengths of the IREDs in each production batch, resulting in considerable waste and expense.
- the present invention eliminates the need for such sorting and waste by providing narrow bandpass optical filters (as shown schematically in Fig. 2) in the light scattering tube 12 directly in front of each of the near infrared emitting diodes, such as IRED 18.
- a filter 23 is positioned between each IRED and tube 12 for filtering near infrared radiation exiting each IRED and thereby allowing a narrow band of near infrared radiation of predetermined wavelength to pass through the filter into tube 12.
- Utilization of narrow bandpass optical filters provides for specific wavelength selection independent of the center wavelengths of the particular near infrared emitting diodes being used.
- Each member of a particular pair of diodes has a filter that allows substantially the same predetermined wavelength of near infrared radiation to pass through.
- the optical filters associated with first and second pairs of near infrared emitting diodes 16, 16' and 17, 17' allow near infrared radiation having a wavelength of about 930 and about 950 nanometers respectively to pass through to the tube 12.
- the optical filters associated with the remaining pair of near infrared emitting diodes 18, 18' allow near infrared radiation having a wavelength between about 880 and 890 nanometers to pass through to tube 12.
- FIG. 4A graphically shows the " Figure of Merit” values for a number of instruments manufactured in accordance with prior U.S. Patent No. 4,633,087 utilizing sorted IREDs without narrow bandpass optical filters.
- Figure of Merit is a measure of the calibration accuracy of the instrument.
- Figure of Merit is defined as the range of data (i.e., the highest percent sample minus the lowest percent sample) divided by two times the standard error of calibration.
- FIG. 4B shows the " Figure of Merit" values of near infrared interactance instruments manufactured in accordance with the present invention with narrow bandpass optical filters between the IREDs and the light scattering tube.
- a comparison of Figs. 4A and 4B graphically demonstrates the significant improvement of accuracy that utilization of narrow bandpass optical filters " provides to near infrared interactance instruments.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US5855087A | 1987-06-05 | 1987-06-05 | |
US58550 | 1987-06-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0316442A1 EP0316442A1 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
EP0316442A4 true EP0316442A4 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
Family
ID=22017509
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19880906300 Withdrawn EP0316442A4 (en) | 1987-06-05 | 1988-06-02 | Near infrared measurement apparatus for organic materials |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0316442A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63305234A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1988009920A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE502148C2 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-08-28 | Bexelius | Apparatus for measuring the amount of solid in a fluid with light |
NL1013805C2 (en) * | 1999-04-27 | 2000-10-30 | Co Peratie Rundveeverbetering | Device for analyzing products and dedicated sensor. |
NL1011905C2 (en) * | 1999-04-27 | 2000-10-30 | Co Peratie Rundveeverbetering | Simple, inexpensive, robust measuring head for spectrophotometer useful in direct analysis of e.g. milk, has light-conducting assembly connected to carrier for source or sensor |
US6385507B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2002-05-07 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Illumination module |
KR100612863B1 (en) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-08-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for measuring fat |
JP7175598B2 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2022-11-21 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | fat measuring device |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4040747A (en) * | 1972-08-24 | 1977-08-09 | Neotec Corporation | Optical analyzer for agricultural products |
US4197458A (en) * | 1978-07-31 | 1980-04-08 | Benno Perren | Electro-optical apparatus for the detection of the presence of liquid |
US4286327A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-08-25 | Trebor Industries, Inc. | Apparatus for near infrared quantitative analysis |
US4466076A (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1984-08-14 | Trebor Industries, Inc. | Apparatus for near infrared quantitative analysis with temperature variation correction |
US4500784A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-02-19 | Michael Hacskaylo | Automatic human body detector |
US4627008A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1986-12-02 | Trebor Industries, Inc. | Optical quantitative analysis using curvilinear interpolation |
JPS61162934A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1986-07-23 | 萩原 文二 | Percateneous measuring sensor and apparatus of blood coloring matter |
US4633087A (en) * | 1985-04-24 | 1986-12-30 | Trebor Industries, Inc. | Near infrared apparatus for measurement of organic constituents of material |
JPS62110135A (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1987-05-21 | Cosmo Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for quantifying concentration of asphaltene |
-
1988
- 1988-02-03 JP JP2213288A patent/JPS63305234A/en active Pending
- 1988-06-02 EP EP19880906300 patent/EP0316442A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-06-02 WO PCT/US1988/001831 patent/WO1988009920A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
No further relevant documents have been disclosed. * |
See also references of WO8809920A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0316442A1 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
WO1988009920A1 (en) | 1988-12-15 |
JPS63305234A (en) | 1988-12-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4633087A (en) | Near infrared apparatus for measurement of organic constituents of material | |
US4801804A (en) | Method and apparatus for near infrared reflectance measurement of non-homogeneous materials | |
US4054389A (en) | Spectrophotometer with photodiode array | |
US6630999B2 (en) | Color measuring sensor assembly for spectrometer devices | |
EP0815434B8 (en) | Diffuse reflectance probe | |
US6424416B1 (en) | Integrated optics probe for spectral analysis | |
US4734584A (en) | Quantitative near-infrared measurement instrument for multiple measurements in both reflectance and transmission modes | |
US7397566B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for optical interactance and transmittance measurements | |
US5760399A (en) | Measurement of transmission spectra of pharmaceutical tablets | |
US5319200A (en) | Rapid near-infrared measurement of nonhomogeneous samples | |
US6111653A (en) | Translucency measurement | |
US7414717B2 (en) | System and method for detection and identification of optical spectra | |
US4936684A (en) | Spectrometer with photodetector array detecting uniform bandwidth intervals | |
EP0316442A4 (en) | Near infrared measurement apparatus for organic materials | |
JPS61292043A (en) | Photodetecting probe for spectocolorimeter | |
US6737649B2 (en) | Infrared analysis instrument with offset probe for particulate sample | |
US5497003A (en) | Pyroelectric detector array with optical filter elements | |
JP3203149B2 (en) | Emitter / receiver for spectrometer | |
CN210376119U (en) | Non-intrusive blood component concentration measuring device | |
US3211051A (en) | Optical measuring device for obtaining a first derivative of intensity with respect to wavelength | |
EP0574601B1 (en) | Improved method and apparatus for optical interactance and transmittance measurements | |
WO2024058733A1 (en) | Device for measuring elemental and molecular properties with hybrid electromagnetic waves | |
EP4370908A1 (en) | Device for measuring elemental and molecular properties with hybrid electromagnetic waves | |
CA3212983A1 (en) | Device for measuring elemental and molecular properties with hybrid electromagnetic waves | |
Driver et al. | Fiber-remote reflectance spectroscopy with an optimized diffuse reflectance sensor system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19890131 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 19910226 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A4 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
RHK1 | Main classification (correction) |
Ipc: G01N 21/35 |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19910405 |