EP0310506A1 - Apparatus and method for underwater production of a fluid contained in a geological formation - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for underwater production of a fluid contained in a geological formation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0310506A1
EP0310506A1 EP88402454A EP88402454A EP0310506A1 EP 0310506 A1 EP0310506 A1 EP 0310506A1 EP 88402454 A EP88402454 A EP 88402454A EP 88402454 A EP88402454 A EP 88402454A EP 0310506 A1 EP0310506 A1 EP 0310506A1
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Prior art keywords
production
effluent
well
wells
jet pump
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EP88402454A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0310506B1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Corteville
Frédéric Hoffmann
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/124—Adaptation of jet-pump systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/017—Production satellite stations, i.e. underwater installations comprising a plurality of satellite well heads connected to a central station
    • E21B43/0175—Hydraulic schemes for production manifolds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an effluent production device contained in an underwater geological formation and a production method implemented from such a device. It applies in particular to the submarine transfer of petroleum production over short and medium distances, for example between a hydrocarbon deposit and an existing hydrocarbon processing platform on a larger deposit previously developed.
  • the effluent production devices contained in an underwater geOlogical formation comprise at least one drilled well, each of said wells extending from a low end in a hydrocarbon reservoir to an upper end forming a well head located substantially above the seabed, at least one head of said wells being connected to a production conduit supplying a treatment area such as in particular a platform.
  • a production conduit supplying a treatment area such as in particular a platform.
  • the present invention therefore aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a device for producing effluent which is less expensive and which benefits from ease of use, in particular as regards the change of damaged parts.
  • the main idea of the present invention is to propose a device and a method using a jet pump, also called a pump-ejector, placed substantially at the bottom of the water, at the outlet of the well heads, or after the group of valves (manifold) which allows the production of several wells to be grouped together, to improve the extraction of effluents from an underwater geological formation and allow transfer to distant treatment facilities.
  • a jet pump also called a pump-ejector
  • a jet pump which can be used notably in the context of the present invention is of the type described in French patent application EN 87 / 08.919 filed by the present applicant.
  • This pump makes it possible to raise fluids in a well through the interior of the tubing, and in addition to the lower cost of installation, maintenance and handling, ensures, due to the simplicity and robustness thereof, great reliability. oe operation, especially better than that of electric pumps.
  • such pumps allow better conservation of the pumping energy efficiency under multiphase suction conditions, when the relative quantities of gas and liquid to be recompressed vary.
  • these pumps allow good adjustment flexibility as a function of the suction conditions, in particular by adjusting the flow rate of the working fluid, a short reaction time when the settings are modified, as well as a good ability to pump viscous or corrosive fluids. or forming deposits.
  • the present invention therefore relates to an effluent production device contained in an underwater geological formation comprising at least one drilled well, each of said wells extending from a low end in a hydrocarbon tank to a high end forming a well head located substantially above the seabed soil, at least one head of said wells being connected to a production conduit supplying a treatment zone such that in particular a platform, characterized in that it further comprises a pumping module arranged on the seabed provided with a jet pump connecting the well heads to the production conduit, said hydrocarbon being pumped at the outlet of the heads of well to the storage area by said jet pump.
  • the present invention is particularly advantageous when used with the technique of tools and pumped instruments, such as that commonly designated by the initials TFL (from the Anglosaxon Through Flow Line). Indeed, by this technique, it is possible to set up and remove at will the jet pump (s) to adjust their adjustment parameters or carry out control and maintenance operations.
  • the effluent production device is characterized in that at least one of said wells comprises a jet pump disposed at a given height inside said well so as to pump the effluent from the formation up to 'at the wellhead.
  • Such a device makes it possible to exploit a geological formation in an evolutionary and appropriate manner for each of the wells, in particular when the formation is heterogeneous and has already been exploited and decompressed.
  • a switching device for example, each of the branches of which is connected to a wellhead and the reunification element of which is connected to the jet pump.
  • a line of working fluid coming from the treatment zone supplies the pumping module as well as each of the well heads.
  • the wells drilled each comprise a casing coaxial outside a production tube in which is disposed a jet pump, the production tube being connected at the level of the well head with a branch of the device switch and the annular volume located between the casing and the production tube being connected to the driving fluid line.
  • the drilled wells each comprise a casing in which is disposed a first tube receiving the jet pump for the production of the effluent and connected at the wellhead to a branch of the referral device and a second tube connected at the wellhead with the driving fluid line for the supply of the jet pump.
  • the present invention also includes a method for producing effluent contained in an underwater geological formation implemented in the device as previously described, characterized in that - A driving fluid is injected into the fluid line from the platform to the jet pump of the pumping module; - Is collected by the production line, the effluent pumped in the formation and returned to the pumping module in the production tube.
  • the jet pump of the pumping module and the jet pumps situated respectively in each of said wells are controlled simultaneously by the driving fluid line.
  • the jet pumps being of the type of tools and instruments pumped, said pumps are lowered and reassembled from the platform in the production duct to the pumping module, then to each of said wells through the referral device.
  • a tool diameter changing device is used.
  • Figure 1 describes one of the modes of activation of subsea crude oil production.
  • Figure 1 shows the marine element 1 as a whole, the sea floor 2, the geological formation 3 impregnated with fluids that one wishes to extract, such as crude oil mixed with natural gas possibly associated with reservoir water.
  • Production takes place through different wells 10, 11, 12, 13 distributed so as to efficiently drain the entire extent of the deposit.
  • the number of wells represented in the example chosen is limited to four, which makes it possible to show the possible equipment differences within the framework of the effluent production process.
  • the wells shown 10, 11, 12, 13 are grouped wells "cluster" in an area with insufficient bottom pressure, all four requiring activation inside the well. These wells are then connected via a production conduit 25 to a treatment installation 30 remote from the site.
  • Each of the wells extends from a low end in a hydrocarbon tank to a high end forming a well head 9 located substantially above the ground 2 of the seabed.
  • the wells 10 and 11 represent such a type of embodiment in which the casing 13 internally comprises a production tube 14, the annular volume between the two tubes serving for 1 injection of the working fluid.
  • the invention could find the same advantages with the use of two tubes inside the casing 15, a first tube 34 serving as production tubing and a second tube 35 for injecting the working fluid into the jet pump.
  • the well heads 9 identical on each well are of the TFL type, comprising a single lyre 16 for implanting and removing pumped tools, in particular allowing the passage of TFL jet pumps whose articulated equipment has well-defined dimensions.
  • the moving heads 16 are connected to an underwater switching module 17 of the pumped tools, also ensuring the grouping of the production of each of the wells.
  • This switch module can be the "Rotatif Diverter Module” developed by the ciosohn's et Chantier de Bretagne. It allows you to direct the circulation of tools to or from each of the TFL wells at will.
  • This module is installed on an adapted underwater base plate 18, comparable to that of the U.M.C. ("Underwater Manifold Center” by Shell and Esso, used on the Cormorant deposit in the North Sea).
  • U.M.C. Underwater Manifold Center
  • Esso Used on the Cormorant deposit in the North Sea.
  • This base plate makes it possible to group and connect the main elements of control, command and transfer of underwater production.
  • This pumping module essentially comprises a jet pump 4 of dimensions and geometric shapes close to those of the downhole jet pumps, but of larger dimensions to allow the production of each of the wells, effluents from the deposit and engine fluids having to be recompressed. enabled the activation of wells equipped with jet pumps.
  • This jet pump is equipped with connection and disconnection devices inside the pumping module comparable to those used in the TFL technique, possibly using attached pumpable tools, allowing it to be brought back through the production line. 25 to the treatment platform 30, then put it back in place at the bottom of the sea by reverse circulation. These movements can be controlled by auxiliary hydraulic or electro-hydraulic control systems, through umbilical connections.
  • the pumping module 19 is equipped with a device for storing and connecting organs of 'tightness on pumped tools, to allow TFL jet pumps in particular to circulate in the collection of diameter larger than that of petroleum tubing, according to a process developed by the company OTIS and become classic in TFL technique.
  • TFL well pumps it is then necessary, by means of the appropriate commands, to first remove the underwater jet pump 4 from the pumping module according to the method indicated above, then trigger the return of the well bottom 20, 21, 22, 23, either by reversing the circulation of the working fluid (which is a conventional operation when production takes place through the annular space), or preferably using tools Appropriate removal TFL.
  • the TFL downhole pumps then flow through the well heads, the routing module, the submarine pumping module and the production line. They are replaced at the bottom of the well using a procedure based on the same principles.
  • the production line 25, the driving fluid line 26 of the other connections can be buried between the base and the platform 11, so as to avoid incidents, due for example to hooking with a fishing net, or any other object. moving to near the bottom of the water.
  • the platform 30 (FIG. 1) comprises a separator 31 fed by the production line 30 which separates the gaseous part from the liquid part of the effluent.
  • a fraction of the liquid part of the effluent (water or raw) is repressurized in the pump 33 to produce the working fluid necessary for the operation of the downhole jet pumps 10, 11, 12, 13 and the submarine pump of the pumping module 4.
  • the non-recycled liquid hydrocarbons as well as the gas are generally sent by separate lines, either to storage means, or to other installations such as treatment installations or another platform.
  • the working fluid is for example pressurized from 200 to 300 bar (20 to 30 MPa) when it is desired to produce at the level of the first jet pump an overpressure of 30 bar (3 MPa) of the effluent: this overpressure corresponds approximately to that required to transfer production over a distance of around 30 km.
  • This working fluid feeds, by a high pressure pipe 26, of diameter which may be less than that of the production pipe (for example 6 "5/8 against 8" 5/8 for the production pipe) the various jet pumps pumping module or downhole module.
  • Valves 27 judiciously placed at the well head and on the base plate 18 ensure operational safety, possibly switching off the pumping of the wells whose production stop is decided.
  • the working fluid can thus operate two functions: during the operation of installing or removing jet pumps or other tools, circulation of this equipment; In normal operation, supply or working fluid according to a distribution controlled by the size of the nozzles fitted to the jet pumps of the various jet pumps, downhole or submarine.
  • each of the pumps 20, 21, 22, 23 can operate at characteristics of flow rates and pressures of working fluid adapted to production specifications.
  • Each of the casings, lyres 16 or hydraulic connections in the well, at the wellhead, or in the vicinity of the wellheads as well as the various lines are equipped with valves and bypass conduits, not shown in the figure for more clarity, and of which the man of the art knows the location perfectly.
  • the operating diagram presented in this example offers the advantage of enabling production to be activated both at the bottom of the well and at the bottom of the sea with a minimum of connecting pipes between the deposit and the platform.
  • the method can also operate with independent activation systems for the well bottom and the underwater station, the working fluid being able to be supplied by multiple pumping lines, one for the underwater station and one for the set of wells or one for each well.
  • the completion of the wells may present other variants. In particular, more conventional double TFL completions, with two tubes in each well, can be adopted without changing the indicated operating possibilities.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for the production of fluid contained in an underwater geological formation (3), comprising at least one drilled well (10, 11, 12, 13), each of said wells extending from a lower end in a hydrocarbon reservoir to an upper end forming a well head located substantially above the ground (2) of the sea bottom, at least one head of said wells being connected to a production pipe (25) feeding a processing zone (30), such as a platform in particular. <??>The apparatus comprises, furthermore, a pumping module (19) equipped with a jet pump (4) connecting the well heads to the production pipe, said hydrocarbon being pumped at the outlet of the well heads towards the processing zone by means of said jet pump. <??>The invention is used particularly for petroleum production and/or for the transport of hydrocarbons on the sea bottom. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de production d'effluent contenu dans une formation géologique sous-marine et une méthode de production mise en oeuvre à partir d'un tel dispositif. Elle s'applique notamment au transfert sous-marin de la production pétrolière sur de courtes et moyennes distances, par exemple entre un gisement d'hydrocarbures et une plateforme de traitement d'hydrocarbures existante sur un gisement de taille plus importante développpé antérieurement.The present invention relates to an effluent production device contained in an underwater geological formation and a production method implemented from such a device. It applies in particular to the submarine transfer of petroleum production over short and medium distances, for example between a hydrocarbon deposit and an existing hydrocarbon processing platform on a larger deposit previously developed.

Les dispositifs de production d'effluent contenu dans une formation géOlogique sous-marine, habituellement mis en oeuvre sur des sites pétroliers, comportent au moins un puits foré, chacun desdits puits s'étendant d'une extrémite basse dans un réservoir d'hydrocarbures à une extrémité haute réalisant une tête de puits située sensiblement au dessus du sol du fond marin, au moins une tête desdits puits étant connectée à un conduit de production alimentant une zone de traitement telle que notamment une plateforme. Une installation de ce type est notamment décrite dans le brevet US-A-4.152.088.The effluent production devices contained in an underwater geOlogical formation, usually implemented on petroleum sites, comprise at least one drilled well, each of said wells extending from a low end in a hydrocarbon reservoir to an upper end forming a well head located substantially above the seabed, at least one head of said wells being connected to a production conduit supplying a treatment area such as in particular a platform. An installation of this type is described in particular in patent US-A-4,152,088.

Dans de tels types de production sous-marine, il est connu d'utiliser des pompes électriques, ou un procédé d'injection de gaz communément appelé "gaS-lift", pour améliorer l'extraction des effluents de la formation et faciliter un transfert vers une plateforme éloignée. Ces procédés de production assistée sont coûteux, notamment en investissement à l'installation et en utilisation.In such types of underwater production, it is known to use electric pumps, or a gas injection process commonly called "gaS-lift", to improve the extraction of effluents from the formation and facilitate transfer to a remote platform. These assisted production processes are costly, particularly in terms of investment in installation and in use.

La présente invention vise donc à pallier les inconvénients précités en réalisant un dispositif de production d'effluent moins coûteux et bénéficiant d'une facilité d'utilisation notamment quant au changement de pièces endommagées.The present invention therefore aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a device for producing effluent which is less expensive and which benefits from ease of use, in particular as regards the change of damaged parts.

L'idée mère de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif et une méthode utilisant une pompe à jet, appelée aussi pompe-éjecteur, placée sensiblement au fond de l'eau, à la sortie des têtes de puits, ou après le groupe de vannes (manifold) qui permet de regrouper la production de plusieurs puits, pour améliorer l'extraction des effluents d'une formation géologique sous-marine et permettre un transfert vers des installations de traitement éloignées.The main idea of the present invention is to propose a device and a method using a jet pump, also called a pump-ejector, placed substantially at the bottom of the water, at the outlet of the well heads, or after the group of valves (manifold) which allows the production of several wells to be grouped together, to improve the extraction of effluents from an underwater geological formation and allow transfer to distant treatment facilities.

Une pompe à jet pouvant être notablement utilisée dans le cadre de la présente invention est du type de celle décrite dans la demande de brevet français EN 87/08.919 déposée par la présente demanderesse. Cette pompe permet de remonter des fluides dans un puits par l'intérieur du tubing, et outre le moindre coût d'installation, d'entretien et de manipulation, assure du fait de la simplicité et de la robustesse de celle-ci une grande fiabilité oe fonctionnement, supérieure notamment à celles des pompes électriques. De plus, de telles pompes permettent une meilleure conservation du rendement énergétique de pompage en conditions d'aspiration polyphasique, lorsque les quantités relatives de gaz et de liquide à recomprimer varient. Enfin ces pompes permettent une bonne souplesse de réglage en fonction des conditions d'aspiration notamment par ajustement du débit de fluide moteur, un faible temps de réaction lors de la modification des réglages, ainsi qu'une bonne aptitude au pompage de fluides visqueux ou corrosifs ou formant des dépôts.A jet pump which can be used notably in the context of the present invention is of the type described in French patent application EN 87 / 08.919 filed by the present applicant. This pump makes it possible to raise fluids in a well through the interior of the tubing, and in addition to the lower cost of installation, maintenance and handling, ensures, due to the simplicity and robustness thereof, great reliability. oe operation, especially better than that of electric pumps. In addition, such pumps allow better conservation of the pumping energy efficiency under multiphase suction conditions, when the relative quantities of gas and liquid to be recompressed vary. Finally, these pumps allow good adjustment flexibility as a function of the suction conditions, in particular by adjusting the flow rate of the working fluid, a short reaction time when the settings are modified, as well as a good ability to pump viscous or corrosive fluids. or forming deposits.

La présente invention a donc pour objet un dispositif de production d'effluent contenu dans une formation géologique sous-marine comportant au moins un puits foré, chacun desdits puits s'étendant d'une extrémité basse dans un réservoir d'hydrocarbures à une extrémité haute réalisant une tête de puits située sensiblement au-dessus du sol du fond marin, au moins une tête desdits puits étant connectée à un conduit de production alimentant une zone de traitement telle que notamment une plateforme, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un module de pompage disposé sur le fond marin muni d'une pompe à jet reliant les têtes de puits au conduit de production, ledit hydrocarbure étant pompé à la sortie des têtes de puits vers la zone de stockage par ladite pompe à jet.The present invention therefore relates to an effluent production device contained in an underwater geological formation comprising at least one drilled well, each of said wells extending from a low end in a hydrocarbon tank to a high end forming a well head located substantially above the seabed soil, at least one head of said wells being connected to a production conduit supplying a treatment zone such that in particular a platform, characterized in that it further comprises a pumping module arranged on the seabed provided with a jet pump connecting the well heads to the production conduit, said hydrocarbon being pumped at the outlet of the heads of well to the storage area by said jet pump.

La présente invention est particulièrement intéressante lorsqu'on l'utilise avec la technique des outils et instruments pompés, telle celle communément désignée par les initiales TFL (de l'anglosaxon Through Flow Line). En effet, par cette technique, il est possible de mettre en place et de retirer à volonté la ou les pompes à jet pour ajuster leurs paramètres de réglage ou effectuer les opérations de contrôle et entretien.The present invention is particularly advantageous when used with the technique of tools and pumped instruments, such as that commonly designated by the initials TFL (from the Anglosaxon Through Flow Line). Indeed, by this technique, it is possible to set up and remove at will the jet pump (s) to adjust their adjustment parameters or carry out control and maintenance operations.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier le dispositif de production d'effluent est caractérisé en ce que au moins un desdits puits comporte une pompe à jet disposée à une hauteur donnée à l'intérieur dudit puits de manière à pomper l'effluent de la formation jusqu'à la tête de puits.In a particular embodiment, the effluent production device is characterized in that at least one of said wells comprises a jet pump disposed at a given height inside said well so as to pump the effluent from the formation up to 'at the wellhead.

Un tel dispositif permet d'exploiter une formation géologique de manière évolutive et appropriée à chacun des puits, notamment lorsque la formation est hétérogène et a été déjà exploitée et décomprimée.Such a device makes it possible to exploit a geological formation in an evolutionary and appropriate manner for each of the wells, in particular when the formation is heterogeneous and has already been exploited and decompressed.

En effet, après avoir regroupé la production de plusieurs têtes de puits dans un collecteur, on pourra disposer une première pompe a jet en aval de ce collecteur pour recomprimer l'ensemble de la production. Simultanément ou par la suite, selon les évolutions de la production de chacun des puits, on pourra placer à la profondeur appropriée, fonction de la complétion des puits, de la pression hydrostatique de l'effluent, ou en fond des puits, une ou plusieurs pompes à jet (une seule par puits), dont les caractéristiques hydrauliques sont adaptées aux pressions et débits des fluides à pomper. Ces pompes à jets pourront être mises en place et enlevées par la technique dite de TFL.In fact, after having combined the production of several well heads in a collector, it will be possible to have a first jet pump downstream of this collector to recompress all of the production. Simultaneously or thereafter, depending on changes in the production of each well, we can place at the appropriate depth, depending on the completion of the wells, the hydrostatic pressure of the effluent, or at the bottom of the wells, one or more jet pumps (only one per well), the hydraulic characteristics of which are adapted to the pressures and flow rates of the fluids to be pumped. These jets pumps can be put in place and removed by the so-called TFL technique.

Avantageusement à l'amont du module de pompage disposé sur le fond marin est disposé un dispositif d'aiguillage dont chacune des branches est connectée à une tête de puits et dont l'élément réunificateur est reliée à la pompe à jet.Advantageously upstream of the pumping module disposed on the seabed is disposed a switching device, each of the branches of which is connected to a wellhead and the reunification element of which is connected to the jet pump.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, une conduite de fluide moteur provenant de la zone de traitement alimente le module de pompage ainsi que chacune des têtes de puits.In a particular embodiment, a line of working fluid coming from the treatment zone supplies the pumping module as well as each of the well heads.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, les puits forés comportent chacun un tubage coaxial extérieurement à un tube de production dans lequel est disposé une pompe à jet, le tube de production étant connecté au niveau de la tête de puits avec une branche du dispositif d'aiguillage et le volume annulaire situé entre le tubage et le tube de production étant connecté à la conduite de fluide moteur.According to a first embodiment, the wells drilled each comprise a casing coaxial outside a production tube in which is disposed a jet pump, the production tube being connected at the level of the well head with a branch of the device switch and the annular volume located between the casing and the production tube being connected to the driving fluid line.

Selon un second mode de réalisation, les puits forés comportent chacun un tubage dans lequel est disposé un premier tube recevant la pompe à jet pour la production de l'effluent et relié en tête de puits à une branche du dispositif d'aiguillage et un second tube connecté en tête de puits avec la conduite de fluide moteur pour l'alimentation de la pompe à jet.According to a second embodiment, the drilled wells each comprise a casing in which is disposed a first tube receiving the jet pump for the production of the effluent and connected at the wellhead to a branch of the referral device and a second tube connected at the wellhead with the driving fluid line for the supply of the jet pump.

La présente invention englobe également une méthode de production d'effluent contenu dans une formation géologique sous-marine mise en oeuvre dans le dispositif tel que précédemment décrit, caractérisee en ce que
- on injecte un fluide moteur dans la conduite de fluide à partir de la plateforme vers la pompe à jet du module de pompage;
- on recueille par la conduite de production, l'effluent pompé dans la formation et remonté vers le module de pompage dans le tube de production.The present invention also includes a method for producing effluent contained in an underwater geological formation implemented in the device as previously described, characterized in that
- A driving fluid is injected into the fluid line from the platform to the jet pump of the pumping module;
- Is collected by the production line, the effluent pumped in the formation and returned to the pumping module in the production tube.

Avantageusement on commande simultanément par la conduite de fluide moteur la pompe à jet du module de pompage et les pompes à jet situées respectivement dans chacun desdits puits.Advantageously, the jet pump of the pumping module and the jet pumps situated respectively in each of said wells are controlled simultaneously by the driving fluid line.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les pompes à jets étant du type d'outils et d'instruments pompés, lesdites pompes sont descendues et remontées à partir de la plateforme dans le conduit de production vers le module de pompage, puis vers chacun desdits puits par l'intermédiaire du dispositif d'aiguillage.In a preferred embodiment, the jet pumps being of the type of tools and instruments pumped, said pumps are lowered and reassembled from the platform in the production duct to the pumping module, then to each of said wells through the referral device.

Avantageusement on utilise lors de la descente des outils pompés à l'intérieur du module de pompage, un dispositif de changement de diamètre d'outil.Advantageously, when the tools pumped inside the pumping module are lowered, a tool diameter changing device is used.

On décrira maintenant plus en détail une forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention qui en fera mieux comprendre les caractéristiques essentielles et les avantages, étant entendu toutefois que cette forme de réalisation est choisie à titre d'exmple et qu'elle n'est nullement limitative. Sa description est illustrée par les dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 représente le dispositif de production d'effluent selon la présente invention,
  • - la figure 2 représente le dispositif de production au niveau du fond marin comportant les différents puits forés.
A particular embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail which will make it better understand the essential characteristics and the advantages, it being understood however that this embodiment is chosen by way of example and that it is not at all limiting. Its description is illustrated by the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents the effluent production device according to the present invention,
  • - Figure 2 shows the production device at the seabed comprising the various drilled wells.

L'exemple choisi et illustré à la figure 1 décrit l'un des modes d'activation de la production sous-marine de brut. La figure 1 présente l'élément marin 1 dans son ensemble, le fond de la mer 2, la formation géologique 3 imprégnée de fluides que l'on veut extraire, tels du pétrole brut mélangé avec le gaz naturel associé éventuellement à de l'eau de gisement. La production s'opére par l'intermédiaire de différents puits 10, 11, 12, 13 répartis de manière à drainer efficacement toute l'étendue du gisement. Le nombre de puits représentés dans l'exemple choisi est limité à quatre, ce qui permet de faire apparaître les différences d'équipements possibles dans le cadre du procédé de production d'effluent.The example chosen and illustrated in Figure 1 describes one of the modes of activation of subsea crude oil production. Figure 1 shows the marine element 1 as a whole, the sea floor 2, the geological formation 3 impregnated with fluids that one wishes to extract, such as crude oil mixed with natural gas possibly associated with reservoir water. Production takes place through different wells 10, 11, 12, 13 distributed so as to efficiently drain the entire extent of the deposit. The number of wells represented in the example chosen is limited to four, which makes it possible to show the possible equipment differences within the framework of the effluent production process.

Les puits représentés 10, 11, 12, 13 sont des puits groupés "cluster" dans une zone à pression de fond insuffisante nécessitant tous les quatre une activation à l'intérieur du puits. Ces puits sont ensuite reliés par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit de production 25 à une installation de traitement 30 éloignée du site.The wells shown 10, 11, 12, 13 are grouped wells "cluster" in an area with insufficient bottom pressure, all four requiring activation inside the well. These wells are then connected via a production conduit 25 to a treatment installation 30 remote from the site.

Chacun des puits s'étend d'une extrémité basse dans un réservoir d'hydrocarbure à une extrémité haute réalisant une tête de puits 9 située sensiblement au-dessus du sol 2 du fond marin.Each of the wells extends from a low end in a hydrocarbon tank to a high end forming a well head 9 located substantially above the ground 2 of the seabed.

Ils sont équipés de pompes à jet non classiques, respectivement 20, 21, 22, 23 disposées à des profondeurs convenables adaptées aux conditions de chacun de ces puits, aptes à être mises en place et retirées par la technique des outils pompés tout en assurant la production par l'intérieur du tubing central, l'espace annulaire servant à l'injection du fluide moteur, selon par exemple le procédé décrit dans le brevet FR 2 581 427.They are equipped with non-conventional jet pumps, respectively 20, 21, 22, 23 arranged at suitable depths adapted to the conditions of each of these wells, able to be put in place and removed by the technique of pumped tools while ensuring the production by the interior of the central tubing, the annular space used for injecting the working fluid, according for example to the method described in patent FR 2 581 427.

Les puits 10 et 11 (figure 2) représentent un tel type de réalisation dans lequel le tubage 13 comporte intérieurement un tube de production 14, le volume annulaire entre les deux tubes servant a 1 injection du fluide moteur.The wells 10 and 11 (FIG. 2) represent such a type of embodiment in which the casing 13 internally comprises a production tube 14, the annular volume between the two tubes serving for 1 injection of the working fluid.

Cependant comme représenté dans le cas du puits 12, l'invention pourrait trouver les mêmes avantages avec une utilisation de deux tubes à l'intérieur du tubage 15, un premier tube 34 servant de tubing de production et un second tube 35 pour l'injection du fluide moteur dans la pompe à jet.However, as shown in the case of well 12, the invention could find the same advantages with the use of two tubes inside the casing 15, a first tube 34 serving as production tubing and a second tube 35 for injecting the working fluid into the jet pump.

Les têtes de puits 9 identiques sur chaque puits sont de type TFL, comportant une seule lyre 16 d'implantation et retrait d'outils pompés, permettant notamment le passage des pompes à jet TFL dont les équipements articulés ont des dimensions bien délimitées. Les lyres 16 sont connectées à un module sous-marin d'aiguillage 17 des outils pompés, assurant également le regroupement de la production de chacun des puits.The well heads 9 identical on each well are of the TFL type, comprising a single lyre 16 for implanting and removing pumped tools, in particular allowing the passage of TFL jet pumps whose articulated equipment has well-defined dimensions. The moving heads 16 are connected to an underwater switching module 17 of the pumped tools, also ensuring the grouping of the production of each of the wells.

Ce module aiguilleur peut être le "Rotatif Diverter Module" développé par la Société Française Ateliers et Chantier de Bretagne. Il permet d'orienter à volonté la circulation des outils vers ou depuis chacun des puits TFL. Ce module est installé sur une plaque de base 18 sous-marine adaptée, comparable à celle de l'U.M.C. ("Underwater Manifold Center" des Sociétés Shell et Esso, utilisé sur le gisement de Cormorant en Mer du Nord). Cette plaque de base permet de regrouper et de connecter les principaux éléments de contrôle, commande et transfert de la production sous marine. Sur cette plaque de base, en liaison avec le module aiguilleur 17 situé en amont, est disposé un module de pompage 19 des fluides produits par les différents puits. Ce module de pompage comporte essentiellement une pompe à jet 4 de dimensions et formes géométriques voisines de celles des pompes à jet de fond de puits, mais de dimensions supérieures pour permettre de recomprimer la production de chacun des puits, effluents du gisement et fluides moteur ayant permis l'activation des puits équipés de pompes à jet.This switch module can be the "Rotatif Diverter Module" developed by the Société Française Ateliers et Chantier de Bretagne. It allows you to direct the circulation of tools to or from each of the TFL wells at will. This module is installed on an adapted underwater base plate 18, comparable to that of the U.M.C. ("Underwater Manifold Center" by Shell and Esso, used on the Cormorant deposit in the North Sea). This base plate makes it possible to group and connect the main elements of control, command and transfer of underwater production. On this base plate, in connection with the switch module 17 located upstream, is disposed a pumping module 19 for the fluids produced by the various wells. This pumping module essentially comprises a jet pump 4 of dimensions and geometric shapes close to those of the downhole jet pumps, but of larger dimensions to allow the production of each of the wells, effluents from the deposit and engine fluids having to be recompressed. enabled the activation of wells equipped with jet pumps.

Cette pompe à jet est équipée de dispositifs de connection et déconnection à l'intérieur du module de pompage comparables à ceux utilisés en technique TFL, éventuellement à l'aide d'outils pompables annexés, permettant de la ramener à travers la conduite de production 25 jusqu'à la plateforme de traitement 30, puis de la remettre en place en fond de mer par circulation inverse. Ces déplacements peuvent être commandés par des systèmes de commande hydraulique ou électrohydraulique annexes, à travers des liaisons ombilicales.This jet pump is equipped with connection and disconnection devices inside the pumping module comparable to those used in the TFL technique, possibly using attached pumpable tools, allowing it to be brought back through the production line. 25 to the treatment platform 30, then put it back in place at the bottom of the sea by reverse circulation. These movements can be controlled by auxiliary hydraulic or electro-hydraulic control systems, through umbilical connections.

Cette disposition permet ainsi d'opérer facilement le réglage et la maintenance de cette pompe à jet, moyennant des brèves interruptions de la production dépendant notamment de la distance entre la station sous-marine et la plateforme. Pour permettre aux pompes de fond de puits TFL d'être également ramenées ou ré-installées par la même méthode au travers de la conduite de production 25, le module de pompage 19 est équipé d'un dispositif de stockage et connection d'organes d'étanchéité sur outils pompés, pour permettre aux pompes à jet TFL notamment de circuler dans la collecte de diamètre supérieur à celui des tubings pétroliers, selon un procédé développé par la société OTIS et devenu classique en technique TFL.This arrangement thus makes it possible to easily operate the adjustment and maintenance of this jet pump, with brief interruptions of production depending in particular on the distance between the underwater station and the platform. To allow the TFL downhole pumps to also be brought back or reinstalled by the same method through the production pipe 25, the pumping module 19 is equipped with a device for storing and connecting organs of 'tightness on pumped tools, to allow TFL jet pumps in particular to circulate in the collection of diameter larger than that of petroleum tubing, according to a process developed by the company OTIS and become classic in TFL technique.

Pour ramener à la plateforme les pompes de puits TFL, il faut alors, moyennant les commandes appropriées d'abord enlever la pompe à jet sous-marine 4 du module de pompage selon la méthode indiquée précédemment, puis déclencher le retour des pompes à jet de fond de puits 20, 21, 22, 23, soit par inversion de la circulation du fluide moteur (ce qui est une opération classique lorsque la production s'opère par l'espace annulaire), soit de préférence à l'aide d'outils TFL de dépose appropriés. Les pompes de fond TFL circulent alors au travers des têtes de puits, du module d'aiguillage, du module de pompage sous-marin et de la conduite de production. Leur remise en place au fond de puits s'opère selon une procédure tenant aux mêmes principes.To bring the TFL well pumps back to the platform, it is then necessary, by means of the appropriate commands, to first remove the underwater jet pump 4 from the pumping module according to the method indicated above, then trigger the return of the well bottom 20, 21, 22, 23, either by reversing the circulation of the working fluid (which is a conventional operation when production takes place through the annular space), or preferably using tools Appropriate removal TFL. The TFL downhole pumps then flow through the well heads, the routing module, the submarine pumping module and the production line. They are replaced at the bottom of the well using a procedure based on the same principles.

La conduite de production 25, la conduite de fluide moteur 26 des autres liaisons peuvent être ensouillées entre l'embase et la plateforme 11, de manière à éviter des incidents, dus par exemple à l'accrochage avec un filet de pêche, ou tout objet se déplaçant au voisinage du fond de l'eau.The production line 25, the driving fluid line 26 of the other connections can be buried between the base and the platform 11, so as to avoid incidents, due for example to hooking with a fishing net, or any other object. moving to near the bottom of the water.

La plateforme 30 (figure 1) comporte un séparateur 31 alimenté par la ligne de production 30 qui sépare la partie gazeuse de la partie liquide de l'effluent. Une fraction de la partie liquide de l'effluent (eau ou brut) est repressurisé dans la pompe 33 pour réaliser le fluide moteur nécessaire au fonctionnement des pompes à jet de fond de puits 10, 11, 12, 13 et pompe sous-marine du module de pompage 4. Les hydrocarbures liquides non recyclés ainsi que le gaz sont envoyés généralement par des lignes séparées, soit vers des moyens de stockage, soit vers d'autres installations telles des installations de traitement ou une autre plateforme.The platform 30 (FIG. 1) comprises a separator 31 fed by the production line 30 which separates the gaseous part from the liquid part of the effluent. A fraction of the liquid part of the effluent (water or raw) is repressurized in the pump 33 to produce the working fluid necessary for the operation of the downhole jet pumps 10, 11, 12, 13 and the submarine pump of the pumping module 4. The non-recycled liquid hydrocarbons as well as the gas are generally sent by separate lines, either to storage means, or to other installations such as treatment installations or another platform.

Le fluide moteur est par exemple pressurisé de 200 à 300 bar (20 à 30 MPa) lorsque l'on veut produire au niveau de la première pompe à jet une surpression de 30 bar (3 MPa) de l'effluent : cette surpression correspond approximativement à celle nécessaire pour transférer la production sur une distance de l'ordre de 30 km. Ce fluide moteur alimente, par une conduite sous haute pression 26, de diamètre pouvant être inférieur à celui de la conduite de production (par exemple 6"5/8 contre 8"5/8 pour la conduite de production) les différentes pompes à jet sous-marines du module de pompage ou de fond de puits. Des vannes 27 judicieusement placées en tête de puits et sur la plaque de base 18 permettent d'assurer la sécurité du fonctionnement, de mettre éventuellement hors circuit de pompage les puits dont l'arrêt de production est décidé. Le fluide moteur peut ainsi opérer deux fonctions : pendant les opération de mise en place ou retrait des pompes à jet ou autres outils, circulation de ces équipements; En fonctionnement normal, alimentation ou fluide moteur selon une répartition commandée par la taille des duses équipant les pompes à jet des différentes pompes à jet, de fond de puits ou sous-marine.The working fluid is for example pressurized from 200 to 300 bar (20 to 30 MPa) when it is desired to produce at the level of the first jet pump an overpressure of 30 bar (3 MPa) of the effluent: this overpressure corresponds approximately to that required to transfer production over a distance of around 30 km. This working fluid feeds, by a high pressure pipe 26, of diameter which may be less than that of the production pipe (for example 6 "5/8 against 8" 5/8 for the production pipe) the various jet pumps pumping module or downhole module. Valves 27 judiciously placed at the well head and on the base plate 18 ensure operational safety, possibly switching off the pumping of the wells whose production stop is decided. The working fluid can thus operate two functions: during the operation of installing or removing jet pumps or other tools, circulation of this equipment; In normal operation, supply or working fluid according to a distribution controlled by the size of the nozzles fitted to the jet pumps of the various jet pumps, downhole or submarine.

Ainsi chacune des pompes 20, 21, 22, 23 peut fonctionner à des caractéristiques de débits et pressions de fluide moteur adaptés aux spécifications de la production.Thus each of the pumps 20, 21, 22, 23 can operate at characteristics of flow rates and pressures of working fluid adapted to production specifications.

Chacun des tubages, des lyres 16 ou des liaisons hydrauliques dans le puits, en tête de puits, ou au voisinage des têtes de puits ainsi que les différentes lignes sont équipés de vannes et de conduits de dérivation, non représentés sur la figure pour plus de clarté, et dont l'homme de l'art connaît parfaitement l'emplacement.Each of the casings, lyres 16 or hydraulic connections in the well, at the wellhead, or in the vicinity of the wellheads as well as the various lines are equipped with valves and bypass conduits, not shown in the figure for more clarity, and of which the man of the art knows the location perfectly.

Le schéma de fonctionnement présenté dans cet exemple offre l'avantage de permettre l'activation de la production à la fois en fond de puits et en fond de mer avec un minimum de conduites de liaison entre le gisement et la plateforme. Mais le procédé peut aussi fonctionner avec des systèmes d'activation indépendants pour le fond de puits et la station sous-marine, le fluide moteur pouvant être amené par des lignes de pompages multiples, une pour la station sous-marine et une pour l'ensemble des puits ou une pour chacun des puits. Enfin, la complétion des puits peut présenter d'autres variantes. En particulier, des complétions TFL doubles plus classiques, avec deux tubes dans chaque puits, peuvent être adoptées sans changer les possibilités de fonctionnement indiquées.The operating diagram presented in this example offers the advantage of enabling production to be activated both at the bottom of the well and at the bottom of the sea with a minimum of connecting pipes between the deposit and the platform. However, the method can also operate with independent activation systems for the well bottom and the underwater station, the working fluid being able to be supplied by multiple pumping lines, one for the underwater station and one for the set of wells or one for each well. Finally, the completion of the wells may present other variants. In particular, more conventional double TFL completions, with two tubes in each well, can be adopted without changing the indicated operating possibilities.

Claims (10)

1. - Dispositif de production d'effluent contenu dans une formation géologique sous-marine (3) comportant au moins un puits foré (10, 11, 12, 13), chacun desdits puits s'étendant d'une extrémité basse dans un réservoir d'hydrocarbures à une extrémité haute réalisant une tête de puits située sensiblement au-dessus du sol (2) du fond marin, au moins une tête desdits puits étant connectée à un conduit de production (25) alimentant une zone de traitement (30) telle que notamment une plateforme, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un module de pompage (19) muni d'une pompe à jet (4) reliant les têtes de puits au conduit de production, ledit hydrocarbure étant pompé à la sortie des têtes de puits vers la zone de traitement par ladite pompe à jet.1. - Device for producing effluent contained in an underwater geological formation (3) comprising at least one drilled well (10, 11, 12, 13), each of said wells extending from a low end into a reservoir of hydrocarbons at a high end forming a well head located substantially above the ground (2) of the seabed, at least one head of said wells being connected to a production conduit (25) supplying a treatment zone (30) such as in particular a platform, characterized in that it further comprises a pumping module (19) provided with a jet pump (4) connecting the well heads to the production conduit, said hydrocarbon being pumped at the outlet of the well heads to the treatment zone by said jet pump. 2. - Dispositif de production d'effluent selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que au moins un desdits puits (10, 11, 12, 13) comporte une pompe à jet (20, 21, 22, 23) disposée à une hauteur donnée à l'intérieur dudit puits de manière à pomper l'effluent de la formation jusqu'à la tête de puits.2. - effluent production device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of said wells (10, 11, 12, 13) comprises a jet pump (20, 21, 22, 23) disposed at a height given inside said well so as to pump the formation effluent to the well head. 3. - Dispositif de production d'effluent selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que à l'amont du module de pompage (19) situé sur le fond marin est placé un dispositif d'aiguillage (17) dont chacune des branches est connectée à une tête de puits (9) et dont l'élément réunificateur est reliée à la pompe à jet (4) du module de pompage.3. - effluent production device according to claim 2, characterized in that upstream of the pumping module (19) located on the seabed is placed a switching device (17) of which each of the branches is connected to a wellhead (9) and the reunification element of which is connected to the jet pump (4) of the pumping module. 4. - Dispositif de production d'effluent selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une conduite de fluide moteur (26) provenant de la zone de traitement alimente le module de pompage (19) ainsi que chacune des têtes de puits (9).4. - effluent production device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a driving fluid line (26) coming from the treatment zone supplies the pumping module (19) as well as each well heads (9). 5. - Dispositif de production d'effluent selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les puits forés (10) comporte chacun un tubage (13) coaxial extérieurement à un tube de production (14) dans lequel est descendue une pompe à jet (20), le tube de production étant connecté au niveau de la tête de puits (9) avec une branche du dispositif d'aiguillage (17) et le volume annulaire situé entre le tubage et le tube de production étant connecté à la conduite de fluide moteur (26).5. - effluent production device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the drilled wells (10) each comprises a casing (13) coaxial outside a production tube (14) into which a jet pump (20) is lowered, the production tube being connected at the level of the wellhead (9) with a branch of the device switch (17) and the annular volume located between the casing and the production tube being connected to the driving fluid line (26). 6. - Dispositif de production d'effluent selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les puits forés (12) comportent chacun un tubage (15) dans lequel est disposé un premier tube (23) recevant la pompe à jet (22) pour la production de l'effluent et relié en tête de puits à une branche du dispositif d'aiguillage (17) et un second tube (23) connecté en tête de puits avec la conduite de fluide moteur (26) pour l'alimentation de la pompe à jet.6. - effluent production device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the drilled wells (12) each comprise a casing (15) in which is disposed a first tube (23) receiving the pump jet (22) for the production of effluent and connected at the well head to a branch of the switching device (17) and a second tube (23) connected at the well head with the driving fluid line (26) for supplying the jet pump. 7. - Méthode de production d'effluent contenu dans une formation géologique sous-marine mise en oeuvre dans le dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que
- on injecte un fluide moteur dans la conduite de fluide à partir de la plateforme vers la pompe à jet du module de pompage.
- on recueille par la conduite de production l'effluent pompé dans la formation et remonté vers le module de pompage dans le tube de production.7. - Method for producing effluent contained in an underwater geological formation implemented in the device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that
- A driving fluid is injected into the fluid line from the platform to the jet pump of the pumping module.
- The effluent pumped in the formation is collected through the production pipe and reassembled towards the pumping module in the production tube. 8. - Méthode de production d'effluent selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que l'on commande simultanément par la conduite de fluide moteur la pompe à jet du module de pompage et les pompes à jet situées respectivement dans chacun desdits puits.8. - effluent production method according to claim 7, characterized in that the jet pump of the pumping module and the jet pumps located respectively in each of said wells are controlled simultaneously by the driving fluid line. 9. - Méthode de production d'effluent selon les revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que les pompes à jets étant du type d'outils et d'instruments pompés, lesdites pompes sont descendues et remontées à partir de la plateforme dans le conduit de production vers le module de pompage d'une part et vers chacun desdits puits par l'intermédiaire du dispositif d'aiguillage.9. - effluent production method according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the jet pumps being of the type of tools and of pumped instruments, said pumps are lowered and raised from the platform in the production conduit to the pumping module on the one hand and to each of said wells by means of the switching device. 10. - Méthode de production d'effluent selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que l'on utilise lors de la descente des outils pompés à l'intérieur du module de pompage, un dispositif de changement de diamètre d'outil.10. - effluent production method according to claim 9, characterized in that one uses during the descent of the tools pumped inside the pumping module, a tool diameter change device.
EP88402454A 1987-09-29 1988-09-28 Apparatus and method for underwater production of a fluid contained in a geological formation Expired - Lifetime EP0310506B1 (en)

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FR8713468 1987-09-29
FR8713468A FR2621071B1 (en) 1987-09-29 1987-09-29 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING AN EFFLUENT CONTAINED IN AN UNDERWATER GEOLOGICAL FORMATION

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Also Published As

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FR2621071A1 (en) 1989-03-31
FR2621071B1 (en) 1996-01-12
EP0310506B1 (en) 1991-11-13
CA1331558C (en) 1994-08-23
NO300022B1 (en) 1997-03-17
US4967843A (en) 1990-11-06
NO884267L (en) 1989-03-30
NO884267D0 (en) 1988-09-27
DE3866207D1 (en) 1991-12-19

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