EP0308546A2 - Switchable electromagnetic pulse relay - Google Patents
Switchable electromagnetic pulse relay Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0308546A2 EP0308546A2 EP87202423A EP87202423A EP0308546A2 EP 0308546 A2 EP0308546 A2 EP 0308546A2 EP 87202423 A EP87202423 A EP 87202423A EP 87202423 A EP87202423 A EP 87202423A EP 0308546 A2 EP0308546 A2 EP 0308546A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electromagnetic pulse
- pulse relay
- relay according
- base
- movable contacts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
- H01H50/04—Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
- H01H50/041—Details concerning assembly of relays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
- H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
- H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
- H01H51/08—Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet
- H01H51/082—Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet using rotating ratchet mechanism
- H01H51/086—Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet using rotating ratchet mechanism with radial ratchet elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switchable electromagnetic pulse relay.
- Electromagnetic pulse relays are known which are normally used on lighting plants for civil constructions and which have some inconveniences that make them unsuitable for industrial applications in which the currents to be interrupted are always of considerable intensity and moreover there are numerous and frequent actuations in the course of relatively short times.
- Such a minimum distance between the contacts is determined by the need to contain as much as possible the dimensions of the relay and thus of its components for the reasons pointed out previously.
- a further inconvenience consists in that said pulse relays for civil use are substantially used as circuit breakers, i.e. serve to alternately break and restore a feed phase of the user according to the pulses of actuation.
- a further and important object to be achieved by the present invention consists in providing a relay suitable to obtain switching of the circuit in which it is inserted.
- a switchable electromagnetic pulse relay comprising a plug support, a field coil wound on a reel support, a ferromagnetic core constituted by a plurality of blades carrying at one end a phase shifting coil, and by a frame for fixing said field coil, characterized in that it further comprises a base of synthetic material and of parallelepiped shape, in said base there being an intermediate plane surface arranged between a lower plane surface and an upper plane surface; a support bracket in said base and adjacent said upper surface; a metal armature attractable by said field coil and having one end pivotally mounted in the interior of a lateral support and the opposite end coupled to a pusher rod forming part of a ratchet gear mechanism and subjected to the action of a return spring; movable contacts arranged in said base and actuated by a ratchet wheel of said ratchet gear, said ratchet wheel carrying on its side surfaces a pair of cam
- the present invention is constituted by a plug support 2 carrying a plurality of hollow plugs 4 for insertion in a relay support socket (not shown).
- a plurality of blades 6 Inserted in and subsequently welded to the interior of said hollow plugs 4 is a plurality of blades 6 which in turn are connected to fixed contacts 8 and movable contacts 10 by rivets 12 so as to establish a reciprocal electric continuity among said components, forming the inner electric switch circuit, and an outer circuit.
- a base 14 shown in Fig. 1 and in three successive views 8, 9, 10 is heat moulded in one piece of synthetic material and comprises a lower plane surface 16 for support and interlocking engagement in appropriate seats arranged in the edges of the plug support 2, and an intermediate plane surface 18 forming a step relative to an upper plane surface 20.
- a bracket support 22 is inserted in the interior of the base 14 and finds support and abutment in two longitudinal projections 24, 24 ⁇ arranged on the sides 26, 26 ⁇ of said base. Inserted in the interior of the above-mentioned bracket 22 is a metal frame bent in the form of an L and both are firmly secured to the base by a screw 30 passing therethrough and screwed down into a threaded hole 32 provided on the horizontal leg 31 of said square frame 28.
- a square hole 33 is formed in the horizontal leg 31 adjacent the hole 32 and tabs 34 are inserted, one on each side, in this hole, the tabs 34 being made by cutting from a square hole and outward bending form a metal washer 36 which together with a further washer 38 of insulating material, arranged thereabove, forms an excellent system for eliminating the residual magnetism tending to keep attracted the iron components of the magnetic circuit after the energizing impulse.
- Both washers 36 and 38 are retained on the horizontal leg 31 of the frame 28 by a field coil 40 of cylindrical shape, arranged with its axis vertically and thus in a position perpendicularly to the base plane 16 of the support 14.
- the field coil 40 is constituted by a reel 37 of synthetic material and rectangular cross section, carrying a winding 39 with the ends thereof welded to two terminals 43, 43 ⁇ inserted in and secured to the reel 37.
- a plurality of blades 42 passing through the interior of the coil 40 forms the magnetic core 41, the lower end 44 of which is inserted in the hole 33 of the frame 28 whereas the upper end 46 is embraced by a phase shifting coil 48 adapted to eliminate vibrations and thus the hum during the energizing pulse.
- a lateral support 50 shown in several views in Figs. 11, 12 and 13 is slidably inserted on a vertical leg 52 of the frame 28 and is secured thereto between a pair of upper and lower lugs 54 and 54 ⁇ , respectively, provided on the side walls 56 and 56 ⁇ and an outer surface 58 of said lateral support 50.
- the movement of the latter is stopped in the vicinity of a roof 60 provided to cover said support 50, but leaving sufficient space for the insertion of one end of a swinging armature 62, so as to constitute a seat for pivotal mounting of said armature 62.
- the angular displacement of the armature 62 is obtained by its oscillation between a horizontal plane of attraction A of the magnetic core 41 and an inclined stopping plane B corresponding to the roof 60 of the lateral support 50.
- the opposite end of the armature 62 is coupled to a pusher rod 64 shown in several views in Figs. 16 and 17 and constituted by a bar 65 of synthetic material having in its centre a longitudinal rib 66 traversed by a short transverse rib 68.
- Anchored between the upper end of said rod 64 and a projection 51 of the lateral support 50 is an elastic element or spring 70 which reacts to the force of attraction of the electromagnet formed by the field coil 40 and the core 41, this force being exerted on the armature 62, said reaction removing the armature from said core 41 at the end of the energizing pulse.
- the ratchet wheel 72 carries two pivots 74 and 74 ⁇ which project laterally therefrom and are forcedly inserted in two semicircular seats 76 and 76 ⁇ arranged on the intermediate surface 18 of the base 14.
- the ratchet wheel 72 has a particular shape.
- the elastic blades 84 of the movable contact 10 carry adjacent a contact stud 86 a small lateral extension 88, as shown in Fig. 14, which by engaging the respective cam causes a reciprocating movement of approach or removal of said movable contact 10 towards or away from the fixed contacts 8.
- the fixed contact is likewise constituted by a blade 90 and a contact stud 92.
- a pawl 94 inserted in an appropriate recess 95 of the base 14 indicated in Fig. 8 is constituted by a square body 96 and an elastic member 98 projecting from said body 96 and which successively engages the teeth 78 of the ratchet wheel 72 to lock it at each angular rotation ⁇ and thus prevent said ratchet wheel to rotate in a direction opposed to the direction of pushing during the phase of lifting of the rod 64.
- a further characteristic of the relay according to the invention is constituted by the particular configuration of the cover 100 shown in section in Fig. 3.
- the armature 62 Due to the effect of the pulse, the armature 62 is attracted towards the coil 40 against the action of the spring 70 and causes the translation of the pusher rod 64. The latter, by acting on the teeth 78 of the ratchet wheel 72, causes rotation thereof.
- each single angular rotation causes a reciprocating movement of approach or removal of the movable contacts 10 towards or from the fixed contacts 8.
- the advantages of the present invention mainly consist in the great capacity of electric interruption exerted in the contacts by their considerable opening caused by the particular shape of the cams acting thereon, and by the minimum effort required by the mechanical equipment for being actuated, and thus by a decidedly reduced power consumption.
- the considerable sturdiness of the base and its particular configuration, with the interposition of the bracket support provide a clear electric insulation between the electric control circuit and the switch circuit such as to amply meet the requirements set by international standards.
- the shape of the base because of the multiple solutions that it permits.
- it permits the insertion of suitable terminals in appropriate lateral recesses so as to obtain a reduction of the dimensions of the relay and amplify its possibilities of use.
- Another evident advantage of the present invention consists in the simplicity of passing from a switching function to that of interruption. In this case it will be sufficient to simply remove a contact controlled by the cam 82 while all the other components may remain unchanged in their particular array.
- the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment that has been described and illustrated, but comprises all the modifications and variations adapted to achieve the same objects, such as, for example, the insertion of wire terminals in the connection blades for automobile use, thus adapting the pulse relay to the automobile industry, or connecting the blades directly to printed circuits and thus adapting the relay to the electronics industry.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a switchable electromagnetic pulse relay.
- Electromagnetic pulse relays are known which are normally used on lighting plants for civil constructions and which have some inconveniences that make them unsuitable for industrial applications in which the currents to be interrupted are always of considerable intensity and moreover there are numerous and frequent actuations in the course of relatively short times.
- Further, a considerable reliability of operation is required of the relay together with a sturdy construction so as to ensure a constant continuity to the production process in which they are used.
- The pulse relays for civil applications have some inconveniences which, although partly justified by the need to contain the cost to be competitive on the market, as mentioned previously, make them unsuitable for use in industrial applications.
- Such inconveniences normally consist in an under-dimensioning of the component elements of the magnetic circuit so as to cause heavy self-heating in case of locking of the movable components of the magnetic circuit in the attracted position even for periods that are not excessively long, and in a low power of breaking the arc forming in the moment of opening of the contacts, so as to considerably limit their maximum amperometric power.
- Such a minimum distance between the contacts is determined by the need to contain as much as possible the dimensions of the relay and thus of its components for the reasons pointed out previously.
- Further, as there is a minimum insulation between the elements under tension and the elements of the magnetic circuit, no efficient safety and continuity of operation is ensured when several of the inconveniences of the type mentioned above occur simultaneously.
- A further inconvenience consists in that said pulse relays for civil use are substantially used as circuit breakers, i.e. serve to alternately break and restore a feed phase of the user according to the pulses of actuation.
- Where a switchable circuit is required to be made, obviously one must resort to the use of several pulse relays, thus causing an increase of cost of the plant.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a pulse relay which reduces the inconveniences of the known relays, is particularly suitable for industrial use, i.e. use requiring frequent actuations in relatively short periods of time, and finally permits a simplified mounting system which, although it meets the safety requirements prescribed by international standards, can be made in a convenient manner with regard to cost and labour of preparation.
- A further and important object to be achieved by the present invention consists in providing a relay suitable to obtain switching of the circuit in which it is inserted.
- The above and other object of the invention, which will become apparent from the following description, are achieved by the invention by a switchable electromagnetic pulse relay, comprising a plug support, a field coil wound on a reel support, a ferromagnetic core constituted by a plurality of blades carrying at one end a phase shifting coil, and by a frame for fixing said field coil, characterized in that it further comprises a base of synthetic material and of parallelepiped shape, in said base there being an intermediate plane surface arranged between a lower plane surface and an upper plane surface; a support bracket in said base and adjacent said upper surface; a metal armature attractable by said field coil and having one end pivotally mounted in the interior of a lateral support and the opposite end coupled to a pusher rod forming part of a ratchet gear mechanism and subjected to the action of a return spring; movable contacts arranged in said base and actuated by a ratchet wheel of said ratchet gear, said ratchet wheel carrying on its side surfaces a pair of cams for transmitting movement to said movable contacts; a stop pawl for said ratchet wheel; fixed contacts corresponding to said movable contacts and arranged on the above-mentioned intermediate surface; a protective cover carrying inwardly a rib for movement and positioning of said rod; said fixed contacts and said movable contacts being connected electrically to an equal number of blades for connection to the outer circuit.
- A preferred embodiment of the invention, given by way of a non-limitative example, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the switchable pulse relay with the components shown in an exploded form;
- Fig. 2 is a top plan view, partially in section, of a pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 3 is a side view, partially in a section taken along the line III-III of Fig. 2, of a pulse relay according to the invention; further, in said Fig. 3 the ratchet gear is shown in two different phases of actuation;
- Fig. 4 is a front view, partially in section, of a pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 5 is a front view of a ratchet wheel of the ratchet gear of a pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 6 is a side view of the ratchet wheel of Fig. 5;
- Fig. 7 is a rear view, corresponding to that shown in Fig. 6, of the ratchet wheel of Fig. 5;
- Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the base of the pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 9 is a side view of the base of the pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 10 is a bottom view of the base of the pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 11 is a forward front view of the side support of the pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 12 is a side view of the side support of the pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 13 is a rear view of the side support of the pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 14 is a plan view of a movable contact of the pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 15 is a side view of the movable contact of the pulse relay according to the invention;
- Fig. 16 is a side view of the pusher rod of the pulse according to the invention;
- Fig. 17 is a front view of the pusher rod of the pulse relay according to the invention.
- In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 3 and 4, the present invention is constituted by a
plug support 2 carrying a plurality ofhollow plugs 4 for insertion in a relay support socket (not shown). - Inserted in and subsequently welded to the interior of said
hollow plugs 4 is a plurality ofblades 6 which in turn are connected tofixed contacts 8 andmovable contacts 10 byrivets 12 so as to establish a reciprocal electric continuity among said components, forming the inner electric switch circuit, and an outer circuit. - A
base 14 shown in Fig. 1 and in threesuccessive views lower plane surface 16 for support and interlocking engagement in appropriate seats arranged in the edges of theplug support 2, and anintermediate plane surface 18 forming a step relative to anupper plane surface 20. - A
bracket support 22 is inserted in the interior of thebase 14 and finds support and abutment in twolongitudinal projections 24, 24ʹ arranged on thesides 26, 26ʹ of said base. Inserted in the interior of the above-mentionedbracket 22 is a metal frame bent in the form of an L and both are firmly secured to the base by ascrew 30 passing therethrough and screwed down into a threadedhole 32 provided on thehorizontal leg 31 of saidsquare frame 28. - Further, a
square hole 33 is formed in thehorizontal leg 31 adjacent thehole 32 andtabs 34 are inserted, one on each side, in this hole, thetabs 34 being made by cutting from a square hole and outward bending form ametal washer 36 which together with afurther washer 38 of insulating material, arranged thereabove, forms an excellent system for eliminating the residual magnetism tending to keep attracted the iron components of the magnetic circuit after the energizing impulse. - Both
washers horizontal leg 31 of theframe 28 by afield coil 40 of cylindrical shape, arranged with its axis vertically and thus in a position perpendicularly to thebase plane 16 of thesupport 14. - The
field coil 40 is constituted by areel 37 of synthetic material and rectangular cross section, carrying awinding 39 with the ends thereof welded to twoterminals 43, 43ʹ inserted in and secured to thereel 37. - A plurality of
blades 42 passing through the interior of thecoil 40 forms themagnetic core 41, thelower end 44 of which is inserted in thehole 33 of theframe 28 whereas theupper end 46 is embraced by aphase shifting coil 48 adapted to eliminate vibrations and thus the hum during the energizing pulse. - A
lateral support 50 shown in several views in Figs. 11, 12 and 13 is slidably inserted on avertical leg 52 of theframe 28 and is secured thereto between a pair of upper andlower lugs 54 and 54ʹ, respectively, provided on theside walls 56 and 56ʹ and anouter surface 58 of saidlateral support 50. The movement of the latter is stopped in the vicinity of aroof 60 provided to cover saidsupport 50, but leaving sufficient space for the insertion of one end of a swingingarmature 62, so as to constitute a seat for pivotal mounting of saidarmature 62. - The angular displacement of the
armature 62, indicated by the letter α in Fig. 3, is obtained by its oscillation between a horizontal plane of attraction A of themagnetic core 41 and an inclined stopping plane B corresponding to theroof 60 of thelateral support 50. - The opposite end of the
armature 62 is coupled to apusher rod 64 shown in several views in Figs. 16 and 17 and constituted by abar 65 of synthetic material having in its centre alongitudinal rib 66 traversed by a shorttransverse rib 68. - Anchored between the upper end of said
rod 64 and aprojection 51 of thelateral support 50 is an elastic element orspring 70 which reacts to the force of attraction of the electromagnet formed by thefield coil 40 and thecore 41, this force being exerted on thearmature 62, said reaction removing the armature from saidcore 41 at the end of the energizing pulse. - On the contrary, when the
armature 62 is attracted by themagnetic core 41, thepusher rod 64 is translated towards aratchet wheel 72 shown in several views in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, and by engaging atooth 78 of the ratchet wheel makes the latter perform an angular rotation β of 45°. - At the end of the pulse, the rod lifted by the
armature 62 engages the next tooth, ready to carry out another rotation. - The
ratchet wheel 72 carries twopivots 74 and 74ʹ which project laterally therefrom and are forcedly inserted in twosemicircular seats 76 and 76ʹ arranged on theintermediate surface 18 of thebase 14. - As these
seats 76 and 76ʹ slightly narrow beyond the median line, they provide a retaining system for the twopivots 74 and 74ʹ inserted therein. - The
ratchet wheel 72 has a particular shape. - It is constituted by a central toothed wheel for the ratchet gear movement, as shown in Fig. 5, and by two
cams ratchet wheel 72 and which during rotation alternately shiftelastic blades 84 of the movable contacts 10 (shown in Figs. 14 and 15). - The
elastic blades 84 of themovable contact 10 carry adjacent a contact stud 86 a smalllateral extension 88, as shown in Fig. 14, which by engaging the respective cam causes a reciprocating movement of approach or removal of saidmovable contact 10 towards or away from thefixed contacts 8. - The fixed contact is likewise constituted by a
blade 90 and acontact stud 92. - A
pawl 94 inserted in anappropriate recess 95 of thebase 14 indicated in Fig. 8 is constituted by asquare body 96 and anelastic member 98 projecting from saidbody 96 and which successively engages theteeth 78 of theratchet wheel 72 to lock it at each angular rotation β and thus prevent said ratchet wheel to rotate in a direction opposed to the direction of pushing during the phase of lifting of therod 64. - A further characteristic of the relay according to the invention is constituted by the particular configuration of the
cover 100 shown in section in Fig. 3. - A
rib 102 arranged in the interior of thecover 100, after insertion of the relay engages the correspondinglongitudinal rib 66 on thepusher rod 64, keeping the latter in a position suitable for engaging theteeth 78 of theratchet wheel 72. - Due to the effect of the pulse, the
armature 62 is attracted towards thecoil 40 against the action of thespring 70 and causes the translation of thepusher rod 64. The latter, by acting on theteeth 78 of theratchet wheel 72, causes rotation thereof. - As the side surfaces of the ratchet wheel are formed with
cams movable contacts 10 towards or from thefixed contacts 8. - At the end of the pulse, the
armature 62 andpusher rod 64 coupled thereto, return to the rest position due to the effect of thespring 70. - As already mentioned, the advantages of the present invention mainly consist in the great capacity of electric interruption exerted in the contacts by their considerable opening caused by the particular shape of the cams acting thereon, and by the minimum effort required by the mechanical equipment for being actuated, and thus by a decidedly reduced power consumption. The considerable sturdiness of the base and its particular configuration, with the interposition of the bracket support provide a clear electric insulation between the electric control circuit and the switch circuit such as to amply meet the requirements set by international standards.
- As said before, particularly advantageous is the shape of the base because of the multiple solutions that it permits. Among other things, by the simple elimination of the contact blades, it permits the insertion of suitable terminals in appropriate lateral recesses so as to obtain a reduction of the dimensions of the relay and amplify its possibilities of use.
- Another evident advantage of the present invention consists in the simplicity of passing from a switching function to that of interruption. In this case it will be sufficient to simply remove a contact controlled by the
cam 82 while all the other components may remain unchanged in their particular array. - Obviously the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment that has been described and illustrated, but comprises all the modifications and variations adapted to achieve the same objects, such as, for example, the insertion of wire terminals in the connection blades for automobile use, thus adapting the pulse relay to the automobile industry, or connecting the blades directly to printed circuits and thus adapting the relay to the electronics industry.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT6781287 | 1987-09-25 | ||
IT8767812A IT1211320B (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1987-09-25 | ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHING PULSE RELAY |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0308546A2 true EP0308546A2 (en) | 1989-03-29 |
EP0308546A3 EP0308546A3 (en) | 1989-12-20 |
Family
ID=11305469
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87202423A Withdrawn EP0308546A3 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1987-12-07 | Switchable electromagnetic pulse relay |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0308546A3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1211320B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0962950A2 (en) * | 1998-05-02 | 1999-12-08 | GRUNDIG Aktiengesellschaft | Electronic entertainment equipment with power supply cutoff in standby mode |
CN111863542A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-30 | 宁波北仑聚缘贸易有限公司 | Mechanical self-holding electromagnetic relay |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2220864B1 (en) * | 1973-03-05 | 1977-02-04 | Cartier Gaston | |
US4262270A (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1981-04-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai Rika Denki Seisakusho | Electromagnetic relay switch assembly |
EP0080123A2 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1983-06-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electromagnet system for electromagnetic switches |
EP0161473A2 (en) * | 1984-04-18 | 1985-11-21 | Hengstler GmbH Geschäftsbereich Haller-Relais | Miniature relay |
-
1987
- 1987-09-25 IT IT8767812A patent/IT1211320B/en active
- 1987-12-07 EP EP87202423A patent/EP0308546A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2220864B1 (en) * | 1973-03-05 | 1977-02-04 | Cartier Gaston | |
US4262270A (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1981-04-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai Rika Denki Seisakusho | Electromagnetic relay switch assembly |
EP0080123A2 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1983-06-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electromagnet system for electromagnetic switches |
EP0161473A2 (en) * | 1984-04-18 | 1985-11-21 | Hengstler GmbH Geschäftsbereich Haller-Relais | Miniature relay |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0962950A2 (en) * | 1998-05-02 | 1999-12-08 | GRUNDIG Aktiengesellschaft | Electronic entertainment equipment with power supply cutoff in standby mode |
EP0962950A3 (en) * | 1998-05-02 | 2001-03-07 | GRUNDIG Aktiengesellschaft | Electronic entertainment equipment with power supply cutoff in standby mode |
CN111863542A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-30 | 宁波北仑聚缘贸易有限公司 | Mechanical self-holding electromagnetic relay |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0308546A3 (en) | 1989-12-20 |
IT8767812A0 (en) | 1987-09-25 |
IT1211320B (en) | 1989-10-12 |
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